Presentation On CFD 2

Unleashing the Power of Fluid Dynamics:
A Computational Journey
Submitted to: Submitted by:

Name : Md Abdur Rahim
Dr Shahid Husain sir (Assistant Professor)
Faculty no. : 20MVB325
Mohd Atif Jamil sir Enrolment no.: Gj4670
S. no.: 24
Contents….
 Introduction of Computational Fluid Dynamics

 The Basics of Fluid Dynamics
 What is CFD
 History of CFD
 Why we use CFD
 CFD: How it works
 Types of Meshes
 Modelling (Governing Equations)
 Applications
 Advantages
 Future Development of CFD
 Challenges and Limitations of CFD
 References
Introduction to Computational Fluid
Dynamics:
 Welcome to the world of Computational Fluid
Dynamics (CFD), where we simulate and analyze
fluid flow using advanced mathematical models
and algorithms.
 From designing new aircraft and automobiles to

optimizing energy production, CFD has become
an essential tool in the field of engineering.
 With its ability to predict and visualize complex

fluid behavior, CFD has revolutionized the way
engineers solve real-world problems.
Fluid Dynamics
 Fluid Dynamics is the science of fluid motion.

 Fluid flow is studied in one of three ways:
 Experimental fluid dynamics
 Theoretical Fluid dynamics
 Numerically : Computational Fluid Dynamics
 CFD nicely and synergistically complements the other two approaches but will never replace either of two.
What is CFD
 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is the science of predicting fluid flow,

heat transfer, mass transfer, chemical reactions, and related phenomena by
solving the mathematical equations which govern these processes using a
numerical process.
 The governing equations are based on conservation of mass, momentum,

energy, chemical species etc.
 The result of CFD analyses is relevant engineering data used in:

 Conceptual studies of new designs
 Detailed product development
 Troubleshooting
 Redesign
History Of CFD
 Historically Analytic Fluid Dynamics (AFD) and Experimental Fluid

Dynamics (EFD) was used.
 Since 1940s analytical solution to most fluid dynamics problems was available
for idealized solutions.
 Methods for solution of ODEs or PDEs were conceived only on paper due to
absence of personal computers.
 CFD has become feasible due to the advantage of high speed

digital computers.
Why we use CFD
CFD is an alternative to experiments that are expensive, time-consuming, difficult,
dangerous or impossible and also to theoretical methods which can tackle only
simplified cases.
CFD complements experiments and theory.
CFD is used for design & development, for research and in education.
The use of CFD has steadily increased in design; currently up to 40%.

CFD : How It Works
Analysis begins with a mathematical model of a physical problem.
The CFD process involves several steps that are critical to obtaining accurate results.
The first step is pre-processing, where the geometry of the problem is created and the
boundary conditions are defined.
This is followed by solving, where the equations governing fluid motion are solved
numerically using a computer. Conservation of matter, momentum, and energy
must be satisfied throughout the region of interest.
Fluid properties are modeled empirically.
Simplifying assumptions are made in order to make the problem tractable
(e.g., steady-state, incompressible, inviscid, two-dimensional).
CFD applies numerical method called discretization to develop approximations of the
governing equations of fluid mechanics in the fluid region of interest.
 Finally, The solution is post-processed to extract quantities of interest (e.g. lift, drag,
torque, heat transfer, separation, pressure loss, etc.).
Types of Meshes
Tri/Tet. Mesh vs Quad/hex. Mesh

a) For simple geometries, quad/hex meshes can provide high-quality
solutions with fewer cells than a comparable tri/tet. mesh.
b) For complex geometries, quad/hex meshes show no numerical advantage,
and you can save meshing effort by using a tri/tet. mesh.
Hybrid Mesh :
a) Both efficiency and accuracy are enhanced relative to hexahedral or
tetrahedral mesh alone.
Applications
 Aerospace engineering: CFD is used to design and optimize aircraft, spacecraft, and missiles. It is
also used to study the flow of air around vehicles, which can help to improve their aerodynamics and
performance.
 Automotive engineering: CFD is used to design and optimize car engines, transmissions, and
other components. It is also used to study the flow of air around cars, which can help to improve their
fuel efficiency and performance.
 Marine engineering: CFD is used to design and optimize ships, submarines, and other marine
vessels. It is also used to study the flow of water around vessels, which can help to improve their
hydrodynamics and performance.
 Mechanical engineering: CFD is used to design and optimize pumps, turbines, and other
mechanical systems. It is also used to study the flow of fluids through bearings and other
components, which can help to improve their performance and durability.
 Medical engineering: CFD is used to study the flow of blood and other fluids in the human body
(for ex. Analysis of blood flow through Aneurysm). It is also used to design and optimize medical
devices, such as artificial hearts and stents.
ADVANTAGES
 Relatively low cost :
• CFD simulations are relatively inexpensive, and costs are likely to decrease as computers
become more powerful.
 Speed :
• CFD simulations can be executed in a short period of time.
 Ability to simulate real conditions :

• CFD provides the ability to theoretically simulate any physical condition.
 Comprehensive information :
• CFD allows the analyst to examine a large number of locations in the region of interest,
and yields a comprehensive set of flow parameters for examination.
Future Developments of CFD
The future of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is looking bright with
the latest advancements in simulation software, hardware, and modeling
techniques.
These advancements have made it possible to simulate more complex
systems and analyze them with greater accuracy than ever before.
One exciting development is the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and
machine learning algorithms to improve CFD simulations.
By training these algorithms on large amounts of data, engineers can
create more accurate models and optimize designs faster than
traditional methods.
This has the potential to revolutionize the way we design and test
products, leading to faster innovation and reduced costs.
Challenges and Limitations of CFD
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool for
simulating fluid flow and solving complex engineering problems.
However, it is not without its challenges and limitations.
One major challenge of CFD is the need for high-

performance computing to run simulations quickly and
accurately.
Real-world systems can also be incredibly complex to model,

requiring significant computational resources and expertise.
Additionally, there is always the potential for inaccuracies in

results due to simplifications or assumptions made during the
modeling process.
References…
 [1] Guang Xu, Kray D. Luxbacher, Saad Ragab, JialinXu, and Xuhan Ding, 2017, Computational
fluid dynamics applied to mining engineering: a review, International Journal of Mining,
Reclamation and Environment, Vol. 31, Issu. 4, pp. 251-275.
 [2] Scott, Gordon, and Richardson, Philip, 1997, The application of computational fluid
dynamics in the food industry, Trends in Food Science & Technology, Vol. 8, Iss. 4, pp. 119-
124.
 [3] Gandhi, Priya, Brager, Gail, and Dutton, Spencer, 2014, Mixed Mode Simulation Tools,
Internal Report, University of California

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Unleashing the Power of Fluid Dynamics:

Submitted to: Submitted by:

 Introduction of Computational Fluid Dynamics

 From designing new aircraft and automobiles to

 With its ability to predict and visualize complex

 Fluid Dynamics is the science of fluid motion.

 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is the science of predicting fluid flow,

 The governing equations are based on conservation of mass, momentum,

 The result of CFD analyses is relevant engineering data used in:

 Historically Analytic Fluid Dynamics (AFD) and Experimental Fluid

 CFD has become feasible due to the advantage of high speed

CFD complements experiments and theory.

The use of CFD has steadily increased in design; currently up to 40%.

Tri/Tet. Mesh vs Quad/hex. Mesh

 Ability to simulate real conditions :

One major challenge of CFD is the need for high-

Real-world systems can also be incredibly complex to model,

Additionally, there is always the potential for inaccuracies in

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