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    Board Test - Aldehydes

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    Mohammed Ilias
    The document discusses carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones. It covers their general formula, structure of the carbonyl group, nomenclature using common and IUPAC naming systems, and various methods of preparation including oxidation of alcohols, dehydrogenation of alcohols, hydration of alkynes, and ozonolysis of alkenes. It also provides examples of naming carbonyl compounds and predicting products of reactions involving carbonyl group formation.

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    Board Test - Aldehydes

    Uploaded by

    Mohammed Ilias
    31 views5 pages
    The document discusses carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones. It covers their general formula, structure of the carbonyl group, nomenclature using common and IUPAC naming systems, and various methods of preparation including oxidation of alcohols, dehydrogenation of alcohols, hydration of alkynes, and ozonolysis of alkenes. It also provides examples of naming carbonyl compounds and predicting products of reactions involving carbonyl group formation.

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    The document discusses carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones. It covers their general formula, structure of the carbonyl group, nomenclature using common and IUPAC naming systems, and various methods of preparation including oxidation of alcohols, dehydrogenation of alcohols, hydration of alkynes, and ozonolysis of alkenes. It also provides examples of naming carbonyl compounds and predicting products of reactions involving carbonyl group formation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    31 views5 pages

    Board Test - Aldehydes

    Uploaded by

    Mohammed Ilias
    The document discusses carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones. It covers their general formula, structure of the carbonyl group, nomenclature using common and IUPAC naming systems, and various methods of preparation including oxidation of alcohols, dehydrogenation of alcohols, hydration of alkynes, and ozonolysis of alkenes. It also provides examples of naming carbonyl compounds and predicting products of reactions involving carbonyl group formation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Aldehyde, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids

    CARBONYL COMPOUNDS

     Carbonyl compounds have a general formula Cn H2nO and contain a >C=O group which is present in

    aldehydes as well as in ketones


     Structure of Carbonyl Compounds: In the carbonyl group both the carbon and oxygen atoms are in sp2
    hybridised state.

     Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group


     Common naming
    o The common names of most aldehydes are derived from the common names of the corresponding
    carboxylic acids by replacing the ending –ic of acid with aldehyde
    o The location of the substituent in the carbon chain is indicated by Greek letters α, β, γ, δ

     The common names of ketones are derived by naming two alkyl or aryl groups bonded to the carbonyl
    group. The locations of substituents are indicated by Greek letters, α α′, β β′

     IUPAC Naming
     When the aldehyde group is attached to a ring, the suffix carbaldehyde is added after the full name of the
    cycloalkane
    PRACTICE QUESTIONS-A
    1

    5 Write the structural formula of


    1-phenylpentan- 1-one.
    3-oxopentanal
    3-methylbutanal.
    4-chloropentan-2-one.
    Write the IUPAC name of.
    Ph – CH = CH – CHO
    Preparation of Aldehydes

    1. Oxidation of alcohols

    a. Oxidation of primary alcohols gives aldehydes


     PCC (Pyridinium chloro-chromate in CH2 Cl2 ) and Collin’s reagent (CrO 3 /Pyridine) are used to get
    aldehyde from 1° alcohol. These reagents do not attack the double bond.

     If acidified K2 Cr2 O7 or KMnO4 is used then aldehyde further oxidizes to give acid.

    a. Oxidation of secondary alcohols gives a ketone


    2° alcohol gives a ketone on oxidation by PCC, CrO3 /Pyridine, acidified K2 Cr2 O7 or KMnO4

    PRACTICE QUESTIONS
    1 Name the reagents used in the following reactions:
    a. Oxidation of a primary alcohol to carboxylic acid.
    b. Oxidation of a primary alcohol to aldehyde.
    c. Butan-2-ol to butan-2-one
    d. Benzyl alcohol to Benzaldehyde
    2 Complete the following
    i

    ii

    iii

    3 Give equations of the following reactions:


    Oxidation of propan-1-ol with alkaline KMnO4 solution

    4 A name type of alcohol does not oxidize


    2. By Dehydrogenation of Alcohols
    Dehydrogenation means the removal of hydrogen and the reagent used is heated copper OR SILVER AT 573 K or
    300oc

    Eg: Cu at 573 K is used for dehydrogenation. Write the isomers of C4H9-OH and treat the isomer with Cu at 573 K

    3. From Hydrocarbons
    4. Hydration of Alkynes
    5. It is the addition of water in the presence of a heavy metal ion. Acetylene on hydration gives aldehyde while any
    higher alkyne gives ketone

    6. Ozonolysis: Ozonolysis of alkenes involves the addition of ozone molecule to alkene to form ozonide, and then
    cleavage of the ozonide by Zn-H2O

    7. Complete the following

    a. b.

    Convert the But-2-ene into ethanal

    1. Write the structures of products of the following reactions

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