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    Work Accident Causation

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    April Joy Mercado
    The document discusses workplace safety, including: 1) Defining accidents and their causes such as unsafe acts and unsafe conditions. Unsafe acts are human actions that depart from safety procedures while unsafe conditions are physical hazards. 2) Presenting Heinrich's accident causation theories which found that most accidents are due to unsafe behaviors and that increased safety measures can prevent the majority of accidents. 3) Identifying common reasons for accidents such as improper attitudes, physical limitations, and lack of skills/knowledge as well as administrative and engineering controls to manage hazards.

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    Work Accident Causation

    Uploaded by

    April Joy Mercado
    106 views38 pages
    The document discusses workplace safety, including: 1) Defining accidents and their causes such as unsafe acts and unsafe conditions. Unsafe acts are human actions that depart from safety procedures while unsafe conditions are physical hazards. 2) Presenting Heinrich's accident causation theories which found that most accidents are due to unsafe behaviors and that increased safety measures can prevent the majority of accidents. 3) Identifying common reasons for accidents such as improper attitudes, physical limitations, and lack of skills/knowledge as well as administrative and engineering controls to manage hazards.

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    The document discusses workplace safety, including: 1) Defining accidents and their causes such as unsafe acts and unsafe conditions. Unsafe acts are human actions that depart from safety procedures while unsafe conditions are physical hazards. 2) Presenting Heinrich's accident causation theories which found that most accidents are due to unsafe behaviors and that increased safety measures can prevent the majority of accidents. 3) Identifying common reasons for accidents such as improper attitudes, physical limitations, and lack of skills/knowledge as well as administrative and engineering controls to manage hazards.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    106 views38 pages

    Work Accident Causation

    Uploaded by

    April Joy Mercado
    The document discusses workplace safety, including: 1) Defining accidents and their causes such as unsafe acts and unsafe conditions. Unsafe acts are human actions that depart from safety procedures while unsafe conditions are physical hazards. 2) Presenting Heinrich's accident causation theories which found that most accidents are due to unsafe behaviors and that increased safety measures can prevent the majority of accidents. 3) Identifying common reasons for accidents such as improper attitudes, physical limitations, and lack of skills/knowledge as well as administrative and engineering controls to manage hazards.

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    Basic Work Accident

    Causation and
    Theories
    Session Objectives
    • Understand the basic causes of workplace
    accidents
    • Define and differentiate terminologies such
    as accident, unsafe act and unsafe
    condition
    • Identify and enumerate different situations
    that constitute unsafe act and unsafe
    condition
    ACCIDENT
    An occurrence or event that is unexpected,
    unforeseen, unplanned and unwanted that
    could cause damage, injury or loss.
    Types of Accidents
    •Struck against rigid structure, sharp or rough
    objects
    •Struck by falling or flying objects, sliding or
    moving parts
    •Caught in, on, or between objects
    •Fall on same level
    •Fall on different levels
    •Electrocution
    •Fire
    •Exposure to: noise, toxic chemicals, radiation,
    temperature extremes, extreme pressures
    WORK SYSTEM
    People

    Environment Equipment

    Materials
    ACCIDENT THEORY

    People

    Environment Equipment

    Materials
    Heinrich’s Axiom of Industrial
    Safety
    ▪ Injuries result from a completed series of
    factors, one of which is the accident itself.
    An accident can occur only as the result of
    an unsafe act by a person and/ or a physical
    or mechanical hazard
    ▪ Most accidents are the result of unsafe
    behavior by people.
    Accident Causation
    Domino Theory
    Heinrich’s Axiom of
    Industrial Safety

    ▪ Unsafe act by a person or an unsafe


    condition does not always immediately
    result in an accident/injury.
    ▪ The severity of an accident is largely
    fortuitous and the accident that caused it is
    largely preventable.
    Heinrich’s Triangle

    1
    Fatal

    29 Minor

    300 Near-Miss
    Heinrich’s Axiom of
    Industrial Safety

    ➢The best accident prevention techniques are


    analogous with the best quality and
    productivity techniques.
    ➢Management should assume responsibility
    for safety since it is in the best position to
    get results.
    Heinrich’s Axiom of
    Industrial Safety

    ➢The supervisor is the key person in the


    prevention of industrial accident.

    ➢In addition to the direct costs of an


    accident there are also hidden or indirect
    costs.
    Direct Cost

    Ice Berg Indirect Cost


    Theory
    Direct Cost of Accidents
    • Medical Expenses
    • Equipment Damage
    • Wasted Raw Materials
    • Insurance Premiums
    • Litigation Expenses
    Indirect Cost of Accidents
    1 Cost of Losses from Injured Worker
    • lost productivity due to interruption on day of
    injury
    • lost reliability due to follow-up care
    • lost efficiency after returning to work
    2 Cost of Losses from Other Employees
    • loss due to work stoppage out of curiosity
    • loss when assisting injured worker
    • lost productivity due to inspection
    • lost efficiency out of sympathy to the injured
    • Loss due to completion of added work
    Indirect Cost of Accidents
    3. Cost of Losses from Supervisors
    • lost productivity when assisting the injured
    • lost productivity due to accident investigation
    • lost productivity in preparing reports
    • lost productivity during inspection
    4. Cost of Losses in Training Replacement
    Worker
    5. Cost of Losses during downtime of
    equipment
    Humane Aspects
    • Sorrow due to loss
    • Hardships and
    inconveniences
    • Physical
    pain/discomfort
    • Psychological
    problems
    Occupational Safety and Health

    Occupational Safety and Health is


    devoted to the recognition and control
    of those factors in the workplace, which
    may cause death or injury or disability
    or sickness, or great discomfort and
    inefficiency among workers.
    Focus of OSH

    People
    People

    Environment
    Equipment

    Materials
    Accident Situation
    Common Reasons
    for Accidents
    • Layman’s version:

    • ‘Oras na niya’
    • ‘Malas niya lang’
    • ‘Tanga kasi’
    • ‘Kasama sa trabaho’

    NOT REAL CAUSES --- ONLY EXCUSES!


    Primary Causes
    of Accidents

    • Unsafe Acts
    • Unsafe Conditions
    Unsafe Act

    The human action that


    departs from a standard or
    written job procedure or
    common practice, safety
    rules, regulations or
    instructions.
    Factors Contributing
    to Unsafe Acts

    • Improper Attitude
    • Physical Limitations
    • Lack of Knowledge or Skills
    Improper Attitudes
    • Operating Equipment without Authority
    • Disregard of SOP or instructions
    • Removing Safety Devices
    • Using Defective equipment
    • Using PPEs improperly
    • Horseplay
    • Willful intent to injure
    • Working while under the influence of
    alcohol or drugs
    Physical Limitations
    • Defective eyesight
    • Muscular weakness due to fatigue
    • Impaired hearing
    • Short in Height
    • Too tall in height
    • Slow reactions
    Lack of Knowledge or Skill

    • Failure to understand instruction


    • Unaware of safe practices
    • Unconvinced of safe practices
    • Unskilled or unpracticed
    Unsafe Condition
    The physical or chemical
    property of a material,
    machine or the
    environment which
    could result in injury to
    a person, damage or
    destruction to property
    or other forms of losses.
    Hazards

    Physical Hazards
    Chemical Hazards
    Biological Hazards
    Ergonomic Hazards
    WORKSHOP
    Can accidents be
    prevented?
    Unsafe Act vs.
    Unsafe Condition

    • 98% - preventable
    • 88% - unsafe acts
    • 10% - unsafe conditions
    • 2% - non-preventable
    Systems to Control
    Unsafe Acts/Unsafe Conditions
    Administrative Control :
    Exposure time limitations ,Safe work practices
    Alarms and Warning signs, Training and Education

    SOURCE PATH RECEIVER


    Pre-contact: Point of contact:
    Engineering Control : Personal Protective
    Elimination/Minimization Equipment
    Enclosure of the Hazard Last line of defense
    Isolation of the Hazard
    Redirection of Hazard
    If you think TRAINING is expensive,
    try IGNORANCE;
    if you think SAFETY is costly,
    try ACCIDENT!
    SAFETY PHILOSOPHY @ WORK
    “THE WORK AND PERSONAL HEALTH,
    WELFARE AND WELL BEING OF
    EMPLOYEES ARE EQUAL IN IMPORTANCE,
    THAT EVERYONE MUST TAKE THE TIME
    AND EXHAUST HIS BEST TO PERFORM HIS
    WORK SAFELY. IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY
    OF EVERYONE ON SITE TO APPLY EVERY
    POSSIBLE MEASURE, TO ENSURE THAT
    ALL LEAVE THE JOB IN THE SAME
    CONDITION THEY ARRIVED.”
    If,
    Coincidence or Not?
    ABC D EFGHI J K L M N O PQ R S T U V W X Y Z

    Equals,
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

    Then,

    K+ N +O +W+ L +E+D+G+E
    11 + 14 + 15 + 23 + 12 + 5 + 4 + 7 + 5 = 96%

    H+A+R +D+W+ O+ R +K
    8 + 1 + 18 + 4 + 23 + 15 + 18 + 11 = 98%

    Both are important, but the total falls just short of 100%

    But,
    A+T +T + I+T + U +D+E
    1 + 20 + 20 + 9 + 20 + 21 + 4 + 5 = 100%

    Safety really is about attitude. Make 100% Safe Behavior your


    choice both ON and OFF the job.

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