COLUMBAN COLLEGE INC.

College of Architecture
Baretto Campus, Olongapo City

PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE
DURING AMERICAN
COLONIAL PERIOD
MIDTERM MODULE
HOA314N/ WEDNESDAY
OCT 2022

AR. MARISOL T. MANDADERO

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•
•
•

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• COLONIAL REVIVAL MISSION-

• NEOCLASSICISM

• URBAN PLANNING- A PROPOSED IDEAS OF ORGANIZED

COMPREHENSIVE URBAN PLANING BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES
OF THE CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT

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• A CIVIC CORE
• WIDE RADIAL AVENUES
• LANDSCAPED PROMENADES
• VISUALLY ARRESTING PANORAMA

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• CUBETA
• THE SANITARY BARRIO
• TSALET

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CUBETA
• ALSO KNOWN AS “PAIL SYSTEM”

• WAY OF INTRODUCING THE CONCEPT OF TOILET AMONG THE DWELLERS OF

THE BAHAY KUBO

• PUBLIC TOILET SHEDS WERE ALSO INSTALLED IN CONGESTED NIPA

DISTRICTS

• A LATRINE SYSTEM WAS ALSO DEVELOPED FOR REMOTE AREAS

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THE SANITARY BARRIO

• NEIGHBORHOOD CONCEPT

• NIPA HOUSES BUILT ON HIGHLY REGULATED BLOCKS OF SUBDIVIDED LOTS

• BUILT-IN SYSTEM OF SURFACE DRAINAGE, PUBLIC LATRINES, PUBLIC BATH

HOUSES AND LAUNDRY, AND PUBLIC WATER HYDRANTS, WHICH ARE FREE OF
CHARGE

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TSALET
• “THE HEALTHY HOUSING ALTERNATIVE”
• TROPICAL FEATURES OF VERNACULR
BUILDINGS COMBINED WITH HYGIENIC
STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLES AND MODERN
MATERIALS THAT GAVE PREMIUM TO LIGHT,
VENTILATION AND DRAINAGE
• CONSTUCTED OF WOOD OR FERRACONCRETE
• STEPS LEADING TO A VERANDA, FLOOR TO
CEILING PARTITIONS, BEDROOMD, LIVING AND
DINING ROOM, KITCHEN AND TOILET AND BATH

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• IMPORTING AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING
TECHNOLOGY
• USE OF STEEL-FRAMED SKELETON CONSTRUCTION, REINFORCED
CONCRETE (FERROCONCRETE), AND CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS
• THE KAHN TRUSS SYSTEM, TRUSSED BARS WERE PLACED WITHIN
CONCRETE MOULDS FOR FLOOR SLABS AND BEAMS
• PRODUCTION OF PRE-FABRICATED COMPONENTS AND PRECAST
CONCRETE ORNAMENTS
• ADOPTION OF STANDARDIZED PLANS AND MODULARIZED SYSTEMS FOR
BUILDING TYPES

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• SET OF MASS- PRODUCED MODEL SCHOOL
HOUSES AND DESIGNED BY WILLIAM PARSONS
• KEY FEATURES:
• ELEVATED FLOOR
• HUGE WINDOWS WITH CAPIZ SHUTTERS
• CLASSROOMS OPENINGS TO A HALLWAY
ADJACENT TO AN OPEN OUTSIDE AREA

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DANIEL H. BURNHAM
URBAN PLANNING
BORN: 4 SEPT 1846 DIED: 1 JUNE 1912

IN 1904 THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

SENT DANIEL BURNHAM, A PROMINENT
CHICAGO ARCHITECT AND CITY PLANNER, TO
THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS TO MODERNIZE THE
CAPITAL CITY AND A SECOND SMALLER CITY TO
BE USED AS THE SUMMER CAPITAL. PLANS WERE
DRAWN FOR MANILA AND BAGUIO AND BUILDING
BEGAN

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 PLAN OF MANILA IN 1905
• MANILA THEN HAD A POPULATION OF
ONLY 100,000

• BURNHAM ENVISIONED IT AS
METROPOLIS INHABITED BY MILLIONS
WITH MULTI-LANED AVENUES RADIATING
FROM ITS CENTRAL DISTRICTS

• PROPOSED THAT THE OLD MOAT AROUND

INTRAMUROS BE RECLAIMED
• LUNETA BE ENLARGED INTO A 30 ACRE-
PARK

• SEASIDE BOULEVARD BE BUILT FROM THE

MANILA WATERFRONT TO CAVITE

https://traveleronfoot.wordpress.com/2008/03/27/the-aborted-plan-of-daniel-burnham/

Plan of Manila Staff. From left to right: Commissioner W. Cameron Forbes, Governor General James F.
Smith, Secretary of War William H. Taft, Speaker Segurio Osmeña, Commissioner Dean C. Worcester,
Commissioner Luzuriaga, Commissioner W. Morgan Shuster. Archival Image Collection, Ryerson &
Burnham Archives, The Art Institute of Chicago. 13
PLAN OF MANILA IN 1905 LEGISLATIVE BUILDING
(NATIONAL LIBRARY)
• BURNHAM’S VISION FOR MANILA WAS
A GOVERNMENT CENTER
OCCUPYING ALL OF WALLACE FIELD,
WHICH EXTENDS FROM LUNETA TO THE
PRESENT TAFT AVENUE.

• THE PHILIPPINES CAPITOL WAS TO

RISE ON THE TAFT AVENUE END OF
THE FIELD FACING TOWARD THE SEA, &
FINANCE BUILDING
WOULD FORM WITH THE BUILDINGS OF (MUSEUM OF THE
FILIPINO PEOPLE)
DIFFERENT GOVERNMENT BUREAUS &
DEPARTMENTS, A MIGHTY
QUADRANGLE, LAGOON IN THE
CENTER & A MONUMENT TO RIZAL
AT ITS LUNETA END
• OF BURNHAM’S PROPOSED
GOVERNMENT CENTER, ONLY 3
UNITS WERE BUILT: THE LEGISLATIVE, AGRICULTURAL BUILDING
(TOURISM DEPT)
FINANCE & AGRICULTURAL BUILDINGS
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 IN SUMMARY, THE PLAN OF MANILA INCLUDES:
THE PLAN OF MANILA STATES THAT IT AIMS
✔ CIVIC CENTER: A GROUPING OF CULTURAL & GOVERNMENTAL
TO PROVIDE: INSTITUTIONS LOCATED NEAR THE BAY & SOUTH OF THE OLD
WALLED INNER CITY
1. DEVELOPMENT OF WATER-FRONT AND
✔ MAJOR PUBLIC BUILDINGS NOT IN THE NEO- CLASSICAL STYLE
LOCATION OF PARKS AND PARKWAYS SO AS BUT FORMALLY ARRANGED
TO GIVE PROPER MEANS OF RECREATION TO
✔ SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS DUE TO TROPICAL CLIMATE
EVERY QUARTER OF THE CITY
✔ EFFORTS TO ACCOMMODATE THE “MANANA AMBIANCE OF
2. THE STREET SYSTEM SECURING DIRECT AND THE SPANISH-PHILIPPINE TRADITION”

EASY COMMUNICATION FROM EVERY PART ✔ SPACE ALONG THE RIVER & SEASHORE FOE PRIVATE CLUBS,
A LUXURY HOTEL AND PUBLIC USE
OF THE CITY TO EVERY OTHER PART
✔ IMPROVED PUBLIC FACILITIES, BUT NOT PUBLIC, LOW-RENT
3. LOCATION OF BUILDING SITES FOR VARIOUS HOUSING
ACTIVITIES ✔ ABUNDANT FOLIAGE, FOUNTAIN OF WATER & CONTINUOUS
PARKWAY ALONG THE WATERFRONT
4. DEVELOPMENT OF WATERWAYS FOR
✔ PRESERVATION OF THE SYSTEM OF CANALS OR ESTEROS
TRANSPORTATION
✔ STREETS CONFORMING TO THE NATURAL CONTOURS OF THE
5. SUMMER RESORTS LAND

✔ A STREET SYSTEM WITH DIAGONAL STREETS RADIATING OUT

FROM THE CIVIC CENTER TO OUTLYING PARTS OF THE CITY

Reference: DANIEL H. BURNHAM: PLANS FOR THE PHILIPPINES https://burnhampi.wordpress.com/2010/06/06/the-plan-manila/

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 Inside urban designer Daniel
Burnham's scrapped grand
plan for Manila.

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This 1905 City Plan Shows What Manila Could've Looked Like
https://www.esquiremag.ph/culture/lifestyle/daniel-burnham-plan-of-manila-a00297-20200507
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This 1905 City Plan Shows What Manila Could've Looked Like
https://www.esquiremag.ph/culture/lifestyle/daniel-burnham-plan-of-manila-a00297-20200507
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This 1905 City Plan Shows What Manila Could've Looked Like
https://www.esquiremag.ph/culture/lifestyle/daniel-burnham-plan-of-manila-a00297-20200507
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This 1905 City Plan Shows What Manila Could've Looked Like
https://www.esquiremag.ph/culture/lifestyle/daniel-burnham-plan-of-manila-a00297-20200507
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This 1905 City Plan Shows What Manila Could've Looked Like
https://www.esquiremag.ph/culture/lifestyle/daniel-burnham-plan-of-manila-a00297-20200507
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This 1905 City Plan Shows What Manila Could've Looked Like
https://www.esquiremag.ph/culture/lifestyle/daniel-burnham-plan-of-manila-a00297- https://burnhampi.wordpress.com/2010/06/06/the-plan-
20200507 baguio/
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PLAN OF BAGUIO IN 1905
• THE ARRIVAL OF THE AMERICANS IN
THE EARLY 1900S AS THE EVENT
WHICH SPURRED THE CITY’S
DEVELOPMENT.
• BURNHAM WAS COMMISSIONED BY
THE AMERICAN GOVERNOR LUKE
E. WRIGHT TO DEVELOP A PLAN
FOR A “HEALTH RESORT WHERE
AMERICAN SOLDIERS AND CIVILIAN
EMPLOYEES COULD FIND RESPITE
FROM THE SWELTERING LOWLAND
HEAT”

• THE PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK AS EMBODIED IN THE BURNHAM PLAN INTEGRATES A ROAD AND PARK SYSTEM INTO
ONE. IT ENVISIONED EVOLVING IN A COMPACT GARDEN CITY FOR 25,000 TO 30,000 PEOPLE. SUPPORTING THIS
DEVELOPMENT PLAN WAS THE ENACTMENT OF THE CHARTER APPROVED ON SEPTEMBER 1, 1909 THAT PROVIDED
ADMINISTRATIVE AS WELL AS MANAGERIAL ANATOMY FOR THE CITY

Daniel H. Burnham: Plans for the Philippines https://burnhampi.wordpress.com/2010/06/06/the-plan-baguio/ 22

PLAN OF BAGUIO IN 1905 PLAN FOR THE BAGUIO MEADOW:
• PLACE BUSINESSES ON THE LEVEL FLOOR OF THE MEADOW &
BAGUIO’S LANDSCAPE IS HILLY, WITH GENTLER SLOPES OF THE RIDGE TO THE NORTHWEST
LITTLE LEVEL LAND, 3- AREAS WITH • KEEP MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS CLOSE TO THE BUSINESS
HORIZONTAL GROUND: QUARTER, PLACING THEM ON THE RIDGE TO THE NORTHWEST
OF THE VALLEY
1. BELOW THE VILLAGE THAT WAS, AT THE • NATIONAL BUILDINGS SHOULD BE PLACED ON GOVERNOR’S
TIME, CALLED PAKDAL: AN EAST-WEST MOUNTAIN, SOUTHEAST OF THE VALLEY, WHICH FORMS A HIGH
STRIP PLATEAU & WOULD MAKE THESE BUILDINGS “THE HEAD OF THE
WHOLE COMPOSITION”
2. THE MILITARY RESERVATION
• THE MUNICIPAL & NATIONAL BUILDINGS THEREFORE FACE
3. MOUNTAIN MEADOW: THE AREA KNOWN EACH OTHER FROM OPPOSITE ENDS OF THE VALLEY, & OPEN
AS BAGUIO & HOME TO SANITARIUM, ESPLANADE WITH A CENTLRA TAPIS VERT (OR GREENSWARD)
CONSTABULARY BARRACKS & OTHER
BUILDINGS
3 FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS OF THE PLAN:
*THE AREA WHERE BURNHAM PARK 1. STREET SYSTEMS
2. PLACEMENT OF IMPORTANT INSTITUTIONS
IS SITUATED WAS FORMERLY KNOWN AS
3. RECREATIONAL AREAS
“BAGUIO MEADOW”

Daniel H. Burnham: Plans for the Philippines https://burnhampi.wordpress.com/2010/06/06/the-plan-baguio/ 23

EDGAR K. BOURNE
THE BURNHAM PLAN OF MANILA WAS DRAWN
1905, ONE OF THE FIRST ARCHITECTS THAT THE
AMERICAN SENT TO THE PHILIPPINES IS EDGAR
K. BOURNE. DESIGNED THE FIRST AMERICAN
COLONIAL BUILDINGS IN THE PHILIPPINES WITH
A STYLE READILY IMPORTED FROM AMERICAS:
MISSION STYLE.

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BUREAU OF SCIENCE &
INSULAR LABORATORY, MANILA
• THE BUILDING DESIGNED IN 1901
• DESIGNED BY EDGAR BOURNE
• MISSION-STYLE NEOCLASSICAL BUILDING
• LOCATED IN CALLE PEDRO GIL. MANILA
• DESTROYED DURING WORLD WAR II

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INSULAR ICE PLANT AND COLD STORAGE, MANILA

• BUILT: 1902
• ARCHITECT EDGAR K. BOURNE
(CONSULTANT)
• STYLE: MISSION REVIVALIST BRICK
STRUCTURE WITH A 10-STOREY HIGH
SMOKE STACK WHICH MADE IT A CITY
LANDMARK
• DEFUNCT: 1943 DUE TO THE BATTLE FOR
MANILA WWII
• CURRENTLY, THE LOT IS OCCUPIED BY THE
LIWASANG BONIFACIO STATION OF THE
PASIG RIVER FERRY SERVICE & BUS
TERMINAL

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WILLIAM EDWARD PARSONS
BORN: 17 JUNE 1872 DIED: 17 DEC 1939

CONSULTING ARCHITECT TO THE PHILIPPINE

GOVERNMENT FROM 1905-1914. PARSONS WAS
RECOMMENDED BY BURNHAM FOR THE POSITION &
ARRIVED AT MANILA IN NOV 1905, TASKED TO
“INTERPRET” THE PRELIMINARY PLANS PREPARED BY
BURNHAM & ANDERSON FOR MANILA & BAGUIO &
MODIFY THESE AS NEEDED.
HE SUPERVISE PLANS FOR BUILDING PROJECTS FOR
THE BUREAU OF PUBLIC WORKS. SEVERAL BUILDINGS
& PARK DESIGNED A HYBRID OF COLONIAL
ARCHITECTURE & THAT OF THE PHILIPPINES, WHICH IS
A TROPICAL COUNTRY THAT ADOPTED THE USE OF
LOCAL MATERIALS SUCH AS HARDWOODS & CAPIZ
SHELLS FOR WINDOW SASH

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PHILIPPINE GENERAL HOSPITAL, MANILA
• ONE PHILIPPINES’ OLDEST HOSPITALS
THEN
• IN 1907, THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION PASSED
ACT NO. 1688 WHICH APPROPRIATED THE SUM OF
PHP780,000 FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PGH
• DESIGNED BY AR. PARSONS IN NEO-CLASSICAL
STYLE THAT FOLLOWS THE DANIEL BURNHAM
PLAN FOR MANILA

• PARSONS ALSO INTRODUCED A STYLE OF MODERN

ARCHITECTURE, FUNCTIONAL IN PLAN &
EMPLOYING THE TRADITIONAL
MINIMIZING SURFACE ORNAMENT
ARCH WHILE
NOW
• THE HOSPITAL WAS FOUNDED BY DEAN C.
WORCESTER (1866-1924), AN AMERICAN
ZOOLOGIST, PUBLIC OFFICIAL & AUTHORITY ON
THE PHILIPPINES

• THE HOSPITAL OPENED ITS DOORS IN 1910 AS A

TEACHING HOSPITAL DESIGNED TO SERVE
UNDERPRIVILEGED FILIPINOS

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ELKS CLUB BUILDING, MANILA THEN
• DESIGNED BY WILLIAM E. PARSONS IN
1907 FOR THE MANILA LODGE OF THE
ELKS, A PATRIOTIC, FRATERNAL AND
CHARITABLE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN
MERCHANTS ESTABLISHED IN 1902
• ERECTED IN 1910

NOW

• PART OF THE BURNHAM-ANDERSON FRAMEWORK FOR

MANILA & AN EXAMPLE OF AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE OF
THAT PERIOD
• BECAME THE MUSEUM OF PHILIPPINE ART
• LATER, MANILA OVERSEAS PRESS CLUB HEAD OFFICE
• CURRENTLY, CHILDREN’S MUSEUM OF MANILA

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ARMY AND NAVY CLUB, MANILA
• IN 1904 & 1905 DANIEL BURNHAM COMPLETED HIS
THEN
RENEWAL PLAN FOR MANILA (& BAGUIO) FOR THE
PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.
• PLAN INCLUDED THE BURNHAM GREEN WHICH
PROVIDED MORE SPACE FOR THE MANILA HOTEL, THE
ELKS CLUB, & THE ARMY NAVY CLUB
• DESIGN BY WILLIAM PARSONS WAS SELECTED AT A
COST OF ABOUT PHP300,000 & COVERING AN AREA OF
135,500 SQUARE FEET, THE BUILDING FOLLOWED AN
“H” PATTERN WITH 2 WINGS & A CENTER BUILDING
• BUILT TO BE FIREPROOF, WITH PILLARS
& PARTITION WALLS OF REINFORCED
CONCRETE, CEILINGS OF STEELS OR NOW
CONCRETE, & FLOORS OF TILE EXCEPT
IN THE DINING ROOMS & SLEEPING
ROOMS

• CURRENTLY, RIZAL PARK HOTEL

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MANILA HOTEL THEN
• IN MANILA, BURNHAM HAD IN MIND A LONG, WIDE,
TREE-LINED BOULEVARD ALONG THE BAY,
BEGINNING AT A PARK AREA DOMINATED BY A
MAGNIFICENT HOTEL.

• TO EXECUTE BURNHAM'S PLANS, TAFT

HIRED WILLIAM PARSONS, A NEW YORK CITY
ARCHITECT, WHO ENVISIONED AN IMPRESSIVE,
COMFORTABLE HOTEL ALONG THE LINES OF A
CALIFORNIA MISSION BUT GRANDER.
• THE ORIGINAL DESIGN WAS AN H-SHAPED PLAN NOW
THAT FOCUSED ON WELL-VENTILATED ROOMS ON
TWO WINGS, PROVIDING GRAND VISTAS OF THE
HARBOR, THE LUNETA, AND INTRAMUROS. THE
TOP FLOOR WAS, IN FACT, A LARGE VIEWING DECK
THAT WAS USED FOR VARIOUS FUNCTIONS,
INCLUDING WATCHING THE AMERICAN NAVY STEAM
INTO THE HARBOR.

• THE HOTEL WAS FINISHED CONSTRUCTION IN 1912

AND OPENED ON JULY 4, 1912, TO COMMEMORATE
AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE DAY.
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PACO RAILROAD STATION, MANILA THEN
• THE PACO RAILWAY STATION WAS ESTABLISHED
ON MARCH 25, 1908

• TO SERVE THE MANILA BELT LINE FROM TUTUBAN

TO PACO AND THE RAILROAD LINE, FROM PACO
TO BINAKAYAN, CAVITE

• THE RAILROAD FROM PACO STATION TO

MUNTINLUPA WAS INAUGURATED ON JUNE 21,
1908
• THE COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT HIRED THE
SERVICES OF WILLIAM PARSONS TO DESIGN THE
STATION. NOW
• PARSONS’ INSPIRATION FOR HIS DESIGN WAS THE
PENN STATION IN NEW YORK CITY
• CONSTRUCTION STARTED IN 1912 & THE BUILDING
WAS OFFICIALLY FINISHED IN 1915

• THE STATION WAS PARTLY DEMOLISHED IN 1996

BUT THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE MALL DID NOT
PUSH THROUGH DUE TO FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS
AND UP TO NOW, THE PACO RAILWAY STATION
REMAINS SUSPENDED IN TIME
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PACO MARKET THEN
• ALSO BUILT IN 1911 BY WILLIAM EDWARD PARSONS, AN
AMERICAN ARCHITECT APPOINTED BY DANIEL BURNHAM,
• THE PACO MUNICIPAL MARKET ALONG THE BANKS OF
ESTERO DE PACO WAS THE PRESCRIBED MARKET MODEL
REPLACING UNSANITARY BAMBOO AND THATCH
MARKETPLACES WITH DIRT FLOORS.

• THE MISSION REVIVALIST BUILDING WAS OPEN ON ALL

SIDES FOR NATURAL LIGHT AND VENTILATION, AND ITS
CONCRETE FLOORS COULD BE HOSED DOWN.

• PACO MARKET, ONE OF THE OLDEST MARKET

STRUCTURES IN THE PHILIPPINES, IS IN THE SPOTLIGHT
ONCE AGAIN. FROM A RENOVATION IN 2011, THE NOW
CENTURY-OLD MARKET HAS BECOME A VICTIM OF
FACADISM ACCORDING TO THE CENTER FOR FILIPINO
ARCHITECTURE (CFA)

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LAGUNA CAPITOL BUILDING
THEN
• GOVERNOR GENERAL TAFT INSTRUCTED PHILIPPINE
COMMISSION MEMBER WILLIAM CAMERON FORBES TO
IMPLEMENT HIS COUNTRYWIDE RECONSTRUCTION PLAN
• BURNHAM THEN HIRED WILLIAM E. PARSONS, WHO, GUIDED BY
THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION ACT NO. 1495 (1906), WAS
CHARGED WITH THE GENERAL ARCHITECTURAL SUPERVISION OF
THE DESIGN OF ALL PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND PARKS THROUGHOUT
THE PHILIPPINES.
• IT WAS PARSONS WHO DESIGNED THE PROVINCIAL CAPITOL OF
LAGUNA. AND, LIKE OTHER PUBLIC STRUCTURES, HE PLANNED
AND DESIGNED THE LAGUNA CAPITOL WITH A MIXTURE OF
SPANISH, ORIENTAL, AND MODERN BUILDING STYLE. MINDING
THE SCORCHING PHILIPPINE SUN, HE PLACED DEEP ARCHWAYS NOW
AND SHADED PORCHES TO KEEP THE HEAT AWAY FROM THE
INTERIOR OF THE BUILDING.
• HE ALSO MADE USE OF PLAIN SOLID PASTEL COLORS. PARSONS
SERVED AS CHIEF ARCHITECT UNTIL1914.
• THE PROVINCIAL CAPITOL OF LAGUNA IS CONSIDERED A
NEOCLASSIC MASTERPIECE, IN LINE WITH THE MODERN REVIVAL
OF THE 19TH CENTURY SPANISH-ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE.
• RENOVATED 2012 TO RESTORE THE OLD PROVINCIAL CAPITOL
TO ITS FORMER GLORY

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RALPH H. DOANE
BORN: 7 OCT 1886 DIED: 6 NOV 1941

AMERICAN ARCHITECT, DESIGNED A NUMBER OF

APARTMENT HOUSES IN BOSTON, AN EXPERT IN
SCHOOL DESIGN.
IN 1916 HE WAS APPOINTED CONSULTING ARCHITECT
FOR THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT AND FOR TWO
YEARS SUPERVISED THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE
CAPITOL AT MANILA AND OTHER BUILDINGS ON THE
ISLANDS.
AFTER LEAVING THERE IN 1918 HE RETURNED TO THE
U. S. TO BE COMMISSIONED AN OFFICER IN THE U. S.
ENGINEERING CORPS.

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EXECUTIVE BUILDING (KALAYAAN HALL),
THEN
MALACANANG
• THE KALAYAAN HALL WAS BUILT AS THE EXECUTIVE BUILDING
BY GOV. GENERAL FRANCIS HARRISON FROM 1920 TO 1921
DURING THE AMERICAN COLONIAL ERA. IT WAS FIRST FULLY
USED BY HARRISON'S SUCCESSOR LEONARD WOOD.

• PHILIPPINE PRESIDENT MANUEL QUEZON TOOK OFFICE IN THE

BUILDING IN 1935.

• THE KALAYAAN HALL IS DESCRIBED AS AN EXAMPLE

OF RENAISSANCE- REVIVALIST ARCHITECTURE. THE BUILDING
WAS CONSTRUCTED BY THE BUREAU OF PUBLIC WORKS WITH
INVOLVEMENT OF AMERICAN CONSULTING ARCHITECT RALPH
HARRINGTON DOANE AND SUPERVISION OF FILIPINO NOW
ARCHITECT TOMAS MAPUA.

• THE BUILDING'S PRE-CAST ORNAMENTATION AND CARVED

WOODEN INTERIORS WERE MADE BY SCULPTORS ISABELO
TAMPINCO & GRACIANO NEPOMUCENO.
• THE 1930S EXPANSION WAS OVERSEEN BY JUAN ARELLANO &
VIDAL TAMPINCO. ARELLANO WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
EXTERIOR AND TAMPINCO FOR THE INTERIOR

• CURRENTLY, THE PRESIDENTIAL MUSEUM & LIBRARY 36

 THEN
PANGASINAN PROVINCIAL CAPITOL.
LINGAYEN
• PANGASINAN PROVINCIAL CAPITOL, ON THE LINGAYEN
GULF, IS THE PRESENT SEAT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF
PANGASINAN. IT WAS DECLARED AS ONE OF THE EIGHT
ARCHITECTURAL TREASURE OF THE PHILIPPINES BY THE
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND THE ARTS.

• THE PANGASINAN PROVINCIAL CAPITOL WAS BUILT

DURING THE TERM OF THE “GRAND OLD MAN OF
PANGASINAN” NONE OTHER THAN THE LATE GOVERNOR
DANIEL MARAMBA.
NOW
• IT WAS DESIGNED BY THE RENOWNED 20TH-CENTURY
AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND URBAN PLANNER, DANIEL
BURNHAM AND IMPLEMENTED BY ARCH. WILLIAM PARSON
UNDER THE DIRECT SUPERVISION OF ARCH. RALPH
HARRINGTON DOANE.

• IT WAS BUILT ON APRIL 21, 1917 AND IT WAS COMPLETED

IN DECEMBER OF 1918 AT THE COST OF PHP.400,000.

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ARCADIO ARELLANO
BORN: 13 NOV 1872 DIED: 20 APR 1920

IN 1898 HE SUPERVISED THE REPAIR OF THE MALOLOS CONVENT FOR

THE USE OF THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT. AT THE BEGINNING OF
THE AMERICAN REGIME, UNDER THE SCHURMAN COMMISSION, HE WAS
PLACED IN CHARGE OF ASSESSMENTS IN INTRAMUROS, MANILA, AND IN
1901, TECHNICAL DIRECTOR OF GENERAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE WHOLE
CITY. ALSO, HE BECAME A PRIVATE CONSULTING ARCHITECT TO
GOVERNOR W.H. TAFT. ARELLANO KEPT HIS OFFICE IN A TWO-STORY
EDIFICE WHICH HE DESIGNED ON EVANGELISTA STREET IN 1904.

BOTH AS ADVISOR AND COUNCILMAN, HE ASSISTED IN THE DRAFTING OF

IMPORTANT ORDINANCES SUCH AS THE ONE PASSED PENALIZING
GAMBLING, ANOTHER INSTITUTING A PRIZE TO THE INVENTOR OF A FIRE-
PROOF BUT CHEAP ROOFING MATERIAL, ORDINANCES REVISING THE
LIGHT AND POWER RATES AND RECLAIMING LANDS ALONG THE TONDO
BEACH. HE WAS A MEMBER OF THE COMMITTEE WHICH PREPARED THE
BUILDING CODE FOR MANILA. HE ALSO WORKED WITH THEN-SPEAKER
SERGIO OSMENA IN PLANNING A PANTHEON FOR FILIPINO HEROES.

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MAUSOLEO DE LOS VETERANOS DE LA REVOLUCION
• BUILT IN 1915 UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE
MANILA GOVERNMENT AND THE ASOCIACION
DELOS VETERANOS DELA REVOLUCION, THE
MAUSOLEUM WAS DESIGNED BY FILIPINO
ARCHITECT ARCADIO ARELLANO, IN THE
UNIQUE HISPANO-FILIPINO-AMERICAN ART
STYLE POPULAR DURING THE EARLY 1900S.

• THE NEOCLASSICAL STRUCTURE IS A MASSIVE

CUBIC STRUCTURE ON AN ELEVATED SQUARE
PODIUM. A SHALLOW DOME RESTS ON A DRUM
FENESTRATED BY SMALL OPENINGS TO ALLOW
THE CIRCULATION OF AIR AND PRIMARILY TO
LET THE NATURAL LIGHT TO COME IN. SWAGS,
FRETS WITH KEY PATTERNS, AND HUMAN
FIGURES THAT REPRESENT GRIEF TO THOSE
WHO DIED FILL UP THE FAÇADE. THE
MEMORIAL WAS INAUGURATED IN 1920. –
PHILIPPINE HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE

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 GOTA DE LECHE, MANILA
• ARCHITECT ARCADIO ARELLANO, WITH HELP FROM HIS BROTHER JUAN
ARELLANO, WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DESIGN OF THE TWO-STOREY
GOTA DE LECHE BUILDING LOCATED IN S. LOYOLA STREET. THE
BUILDING'S CONSTRUCTION STARTED IN 1914, AND WAS OPENED IN
1915.

• GOTA DE LECHE BUILDING IS DECLARED AS AN IMPORTANT CULTURAL

PROPERTY BY THE NATIONAL MUSEUM IN EARLY 2014, THE
ORGANIZATION HAS A DUTY TO FIND WAYS TO MAINTAIN AND
CONSERVE THE CENTURY-OLD BUILDING, AS WELL AS THE ARCHIVES,
PHOTOGRAPHS AND HERITAGE PROPERTIES IN ITS CARE, AS A LEGACY
OF THE FILIPINO PEOPLE. A PROJECT IS ONGOING TO DIGITIZE,
TRANSLATE AND PROMOTE THE HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
CONTENT OF THE GOTA DE LECHE ARCHIVES.

• THE FIRST WIDELY ACKNOWLEDGED RENAISSANCE BUILDING IN

EUROPE, THE OSPEDALE DEGLI INNOCENTI ORPHANAGE OF
FLORENCE, WAS THE INSPIRATION FOR THE DESIGN OF THE GOTA DE
LECHE BUILDING. ELEMENTS LIKE THE SEMI-CIRCULAR ARCHES, THE
TONDI (CIRCULAR RELIEFS) DEPICTING BABIES, AND THE ROUNDED
COLUMNS ARE EVIDENT IN BOTH BUILDINGS. YET PERHAPS THE MOST
OBVIOUS SIMILARITY BETWEEN THE TWO BUILDINGS IS HOW THEY
WERE DESIGNED TO RECEIVE AND NURTURE SMALL CHILDREN.

41
JUAN ARELLANO
BORN: 25 APR 1888 DIED: 5 DEC 1960

BEGIN A PRACTICE WITH HIS BROTHER, ARCADIO. HE LATER JOINED

THE BUREAU OF PUBLIC WORKS JUST AS THE LAST AMERICAN
ARCHITECTS, GEORGE FENHAGEN AND RALPH H. DOANE, WERE
LEAVING. HE AND TOMAS MAPUA WERE THEN NAMED AS
SUPERVISING ARCHITECTS

IN 1930, HE RETURNED TO MANILA AND DESIGNED THE BULACAN

PROVINCIAL CAPITOL & THE MANILA METROPOLITAN THEATER,
WHICH WAS THEN CONSIDERED CONTROVERSIALLY MODERN.

HE CONTINUED TO ACT AS A CONSULTING ARCHITECT FOR THE

BUREAU OF PUBLIC WORKS WHERE HE OVERSAW THE PRODUCTION
OF THE MANILA'S FIRST ZONING PLAN. IN 1940, HE AND HARRY
FROST CREATED A DESIGN FOR QUEZON CITY, WHICH WAS TO
BECOME THE NEW CAPITAL OF THE PHILIPPINES.

42
 THEN
LEGISLATIVE BUILDING, MANILA

• NOW, NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES

• FORMER NAMES: OLD LEGISLATIVE BUILDING
AND NATIONAL ART GALLERY
• ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: NEOCLASSICAL
• CONSTRUCTED: 1918-1926
• DESTROYED: FEBRUARY 1945 (REBUILT- 1950)
• ARCHITECTS: RALPH DOANE, ANTONIO NOW
TOLEDO, JUAN ARELLANO

NATIONAL MUSEUM, MANILA

43
JONES BRIDGE
• OFFICIAL NAME: WILLIAM A. JONES MEMORIAL
BRIDGE
• OTHER NAME: BANZAI BRIDGE (C.1942)
• NAMED FOR: WILLIAM ATKINSON JONES
• DESIGN: NEOCLASSICAL ARCH BRIDGE (1919-1945),
GIRDER BRIDGE (1945- PRESENT) THEN
• MATERIAL: STEEL-REINFORCED CONCRETE
• TOTAL LENGTH: 115.00METERS
• WIDTH: 16.70METERS
• DESIGNER: JUAN M. ARELLANO NOW
• CONSTRUCTED: 1919-1920
• COLLAPSED: FEBRUARY 1945
• REBUILT: 1946

44
MANILA CENTRAL POST OFFICE THEN

• IT IS THE HEAD OFFICE OF THE PHILIPPINE POSTAL

CORPORATION
• LOCATED ON THE BANK OF PASIG RIVER
• THE STRUCTURE WAS BUILT IN 1926 BUT SEVERE
DAMAGES DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR
• AR. JUAN M. ARELLANO DESIGNED IT IN NEOCLASSICAL
STYLE

NOW

45
SUPREME COURT OF
THE PHILIPPINES

46
MANILA METROPOLITAN
THEATER
• ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: ART DECO
• GROUND BREAKING: 1930
• INAUGURATED: DECEMBER 10, 1931
• RENOVATES: 1978, 2015-2021
• RE-OPENED: DEC 10, 2021
• OWNER: NCCA
• FLOOR AREA: 8,239.58 SQUARE METERS
• ARCHITECT: JUAN M. ARELLANO
• OWNER: NCCA

47
RIZAL MEMORIAL STADIUM,
MANILA

• RIZAL MEMORIAL TRACK & FOOTBALL STADIUM

• OFFICIAL: SIMEON TORIBIO TRACK STADIUM
• SIMPLY KNOWN AS THE RIZAL MEMORIAL
STADIUM
• OPERATOR: PHILIPPINE SPORTS COMMISSION
• CAPACITY: 12,873 (EXPANDED/ RENOVATED)
• OPENED:1934
• RENOVATED: 1953. 1981, 2005, 2011, 2019,
2021
• ARCHITECT: JUAN ARELLANO

48
CEBU PROVINCIAL CAPITOL

• ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: NEOCLASSICISM, ART DECO

• CONSTRUCTED: 1937- 1938
• INAUGURATED: JUNE14, 1938
• ARCHITECT: JUAN ARELLANO
• STRUCTURAL SYSTEM: REINFORCED CONCRETE

49
NEGROS OCCIDENTAL
PROVINCIAL CAPITOL

• TYPE: NEOCLASSICAL
• CONSTRUCTED: 1927- 1933
• INAUGURATED: 135, 2003
• ARCHITECT: JUAN M. ARELLANO

50
BULACAN PROVINCIAL CAPITOL BUILDING
• BULACAN PROVINCIAL CAPITOL BUILDING,
PLANNED & DESIGNED BY AR. JUAN ARELLANO.
LOCATED IN THE CITY OF MALOLOS. EXACTLY
22 HECTARES AND 1,393 SQUARE METERS OF A
LOT, STANDING ALONG WITH SURROUNDING
BUILDINGS ON A PARCEL OF LAND DONATED BY
A PHILANTHROPIST COLONEL DURING THE
SPANISH-AMERICAN NAMED DON ANTONIO
BAUTISTA, IS NOW THE SO-CALLED ANTONIO S.
BAUTISTA PROVINCIAL CAPITOL COMPOUND

• BUILT ART DECO STYLE IN 1930 UNDER THE

IN
ADMINISTRATION OF GOV. JOSE G. PADILLA
SR., THE BULACAN PROVINCIAL CAPITOL
BUILDING IS ONE OF THE GOVERNMENT
BUILDINGS THAT DID NOT ESCAPE DESTRUCTION
BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE SECOND WORLD WAR
AND OF VARIOUS NATURAL CALAMITIES AND
DESTRUCTIVE FIRES. IT WAS RECONSTRUCTED
AND REUSED IN JUNE OF 1950 UNDER THE
ADMINISTRATION OF GOV. FORTUNATO HALILI.
51
ANTONIO M. TOLEDO
BORN: 14 JUNE 1890 DIED: 1972

REGARDED AS THE MASTER OF THE NEOCLASSIC STYLE

AMONG THE FIRSLT ARCHITECTG-EDUCATORS

52
MANILA CITY HALL
• TYPE: NEOCLASSICAL
• FLOOR AREA: 8,422 SQUARE METERS
WITH 200 ROOMS
• CONSTRUCTED: 1939-1941
• ARCHITECT: ANTONIO TOLEDO

CLOCK TOWER
• CONSTRUCTED: 1930S
• ARCHITECT: ANTONIO TOLEDO
• LARGEST CLOCK TOWER IN THE
PHILIPPINES, REACHING CLOSE TO
30METERS IN ELEVATIO

53
DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM
BUILDING
• NOW, THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF
NATURAL HISTORY
• FORMER NAMES: AGRICULTURE AND
COMMERCE BUILDING; DEPARTMENT OF
TOURISM BUILDING
• STYLE: NEOCLASSICAL
• COMPLETED: 1941
• RENOVATED: 2015-2018
• ARCHITECT: ANTONIO TOLEDO

54
LEYTE PROVINCIAL CAPITOL

• TYPE: NEOCLASSICAL
• ARCHITECT: ANTONIO TOLEDO
• CONSTRUCTED: 1917- 1924
• RENOVATED: 1964, 2019
• NATIONAL HISTORICAL LANDMARK: CAPITOL
BUILDING OF THE PHILIPPINES, 1944-1945

55
TOMAS B. MAPUA
BORN: 21 DEC 1888 DIED: 22 DEC 1965

FIRST REGISTERED ARCHITECT IN THE PHILIPPINES

ESTABLISHED THE MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY IN

1925, THE FIRST ARCHITECTURAL SCHOOL IN THE
PHILIPPINES

56
ST. LA SALLE HALL,
ST. LA SALLE UNIVERSITY

• STYLE: NEOCLASSICAL
• NAMED FOR: ST. JEAN-BAPTISTE DELA SALLE
• GROUNDBREAKING: 1920
• COMPLETED: 1924
• RENOVATED: 1948
• ARCHITECT: TOMAS MAPUA

57
LIBRADA AVELINO HALL,
CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY

58
PHILIPPINE GENERAL HOSPITAL
NURSES HOME`
• NOW CALLED BAHAY SILUNGAN
• MADE FROM REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH A
CEMENT TILE ROOF AND CONCRETE FLOORS AS
“ONE OF THE MOST ATTRACTIVE
BUILDINGS” INSIDE THE PGH COMPOUND
• IT HAS A TOTAL OF 18 BEDROOMS

59
ANDRES LUNA DE SAN PEDRO
BORN: 9 SEP 1887 DIED: 22 JAN 1952

INTRODUCED NEW ARCHITECTURAL FORMS IN

THE PHILIPPINES BY INCORPORATING MODERN
AND EXOTIC DESIGN MOTIFS THROUGH THE
GRAMMAR OF ART DECO

61
CRYSTAL ARCADE
• ONE OF THE MOST MODERN BUILDINGS
LOCATED ALONG ESCOLTA, THE COUNTRY’S
THEN PREMIER BUSINESS DISTRICT
• DESIGNED BY ANDRES LUNA DE SAN PEDRO
• DESIGNED IN THE ART DECO STYLE, A STYLE
PREVALENT IN THE 1920S TO 1940S
• IT WAS ONE OF LUNA’S MASTERPIECE, WITH
THE BUILDING FINISH RESEMBLED THAT OF A
GLEAMING CRYSTAL
• INAUGURATED: 1932
• FIRST SHOPPING ESTABLISHMENT, FULLY
AIRCONDITIONED

62
LEGARDA ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL, MANILA
• BUILT IN 1922
• THE SCHOOL BUILDING THAT HAS MANAGED TO
RETAIN ITS PRE-WAR ARCHITECTURE, MAKING ITS
BUILDING THE OLDEST SURVIVING CAMPUS IN
MANILA
• ARCHITECT ANDRES LUNA DE SAN PEDRO
DESIGNED THE SCHOOL’S MAIN BUILDING, A
PROMINENT LANDMARK IN THE AREA WITH ITS
UNIQUE VICTORIAN STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE
WHICH EVOKES A SENSE OF GRANDUER

63
PEREZ-SAMANILLO
BUILDING, MANILA

• STYLE: ART DECO

• ARCHITECT: ANDRES P. LUNA
• THE FIRST UNITED BUILDING FORMERLY
KNOWN AND COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS
PEREZ-SAMANILLO BUILDING
• COMPLETED: 1928

64
REGINA BUILDING,
MANILA
• STYLE: NEOCLASSICAL BEAUX-ARTS
• ARCHITECTS: ANDRES LUNA DE SAN
PEDRO & FERNANDO OCAMPO SR.
• BUILT: 1915
• ORIGINALLY KNOWN AS ROXAS
BUILDING

65
LIZARES MANSION,
JARO, ILOILO

• THE MANSION WAS BUILT IN 1937

• IT HAS 3-FLOORS, BASEMENT AND ATTIC WITH
WINDING WOODEN STAIRCASE AND BIG
BEDROOMS WITH FLOORS AND DOORS MADE
OF HARDWOOD
• 1962- IT WAS SOLD TO THE DOMINICANS
• 1963- CONVERTED INTO A HOUSE OF
FORMATION FOR YOUNG DOMINICANS IN
THE PHILIPPINES
• 1978- THE MANSION COMPOUND BECAME
THE HOME OF THE ANGELICUM SCHOOL
ILOILO

66
JUAN FELIPE DE JESUS NAKPIL
BORN: 26 MAY 1899 DIED: 7 MAY 1986

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE

WORKED LARGELY IN THE ART DECO STYLE,

COMBINING STYLIZED FLORA AND ANGULAR FORMS

67
MANILA JOCKEY CLUB
• FOUNDED IN 1867 BY THE SPANISH GOVERNOR-
GENERAL TO CONDUCT HORSE RACES IN THE
COUNTRY
• DURING THE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT IN 1903,
BETTING WAS INTRODUCED
• BY 1912, THE SAN LORENZO RACETRACK AND
GRANDSTAND WERE BUILT IN STA CRUZ MANILA
ON A 16-HECTARE PROPERTY

68
CAPITOL THEATER, MANILA
• STYLE: ART DECO
• GROUNDBREAKING: 1930
• INAUGURATED: JANUARY 8, 1935
• DEMOLISHED: 2020
• FLOOR AREA: 3,067 SQUARE METERS
• ARCHITECT: JUAN NAPKIL

69
QUEZON INSTITUTE, QUEZON CITY
• A HOSPITAL IN QUEZON CITY, OPERATED AND
MANAGED BY PHILIPPINE TUBERCULOSIS SOCIETY,
INC. WHICH ALSO OWNS THE PROPERTY WHERE
THE HOSPITAL STANDS
• THE HEALTH FACILITY FORMERLY KNOWN AS THE
SANTOL SANATORIUM WAS RENAMED QUEZON
INSTITUTE, IN HONOR OF PRESIDENT MANUEL
QUEZON WHO ATTENDED THE INAUGURATION OF
THE HOSPITAL
• FORMER: SANTOL SANATORIUM
• OPENED: 1918 (AS SANTOL SANATORIUM)
1938 (AS QUEZON INSTITUTE)
• THE COMPLEX WAS DESIGNED IN THE DESIGNED IN
THE ART DECO STYLE BY JUAN NAKPIL

70
PHILIPPINE CHARITY SWEEPSTAKES
OFFICE, QUEZON CITY
• LOTTERIES WERE INTRODUCED IN THE PHILIPPINES IN
1833 AS THE COMPANY CALLED REAL RENTA DE
LOTERIA WAS FOUNDED ON JANUARY 29, 1850.
• THE LOTERIA WAS FORCED TO STOP OPERATIONS
DURING THE OUTBREAK OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN
WAR ON JULY 19, 1898
• 1932, THE FIRST SWEEPSTAKES DRAW AFTER THE LAST
LOTERIA WAS CONDUCTED BY THE AMERICAN INSULAR
GOVERNMENT TO RAISE FUNDS TO SUPPORT SPORTS
PROJECTS FOR THE FILIPINO YOUTH

71
MINOR BASILICA OF THE BLACK
NAZARENE, QUIAPO

• KNOWN CANONICALLY AS THE PARISH OF SAINT

JOHN THE BAPTIST
• IN 1933, FR. MAGDALENO CASTILLO BEGAN THE
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CHURCH FROM THE PLAN
PREPARED BY ARCHITECT JUAN NAKPIL, ADDED THE
CHURCH’S DOME AND A SECOND BELFRY TO
BALANCE OUT THE FACADE

72
FERNANDO H. OCAMPO
BORN: 7 AUG 1897 DIED: 1984

DESIGNED WITH STRAIGHTFORWARD SIMPLICITY,

SYNTHESIZING TRADITIONAL DESIGNS WITH ART-DECO
ORNAMENTS

CO-FOUNDED THE UST SCHOOL OF FINE ARTS AND

ARCHITECTURE IN 1930

73
ANGELA APARTMENTS, MALATE

• BUILT IN THE 1930S BY ARCHITECT FERNANDO

OCAMPO
• IT WAS AMONG THE FIRST MULTI-STOREY
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS THAT RAISED MANILA’S
SKYLINE DURING THE COMMONWEALTH PERIOD
• IT REMAINS TODAY AS ONE OF THE FEW
SURVIVING EXAMPLES OF THE ART DECO STYLE
IN PRE-WAR MANILA

74
MANILA CATHEDRAL
(RECONSTRUCTED)

• FORMER: CHURCH OF MANILA

• FOUNDED: 1571
• HERITAGE DESIGNATION: MARKED STRUCTURE (1958),
IMPORTANT CULTURAL PROPERTY (2018)
• ARCHITECT: FERNANDO OCAMPO SR.
• STYLE: NEO-ROMANESQUE
• GROUNDBREAKING: 1954
• COMPLETED: 1958 (PRESENT STRUCTURE)
2014 (EARTHQUAKE RETROFITTING)
• DEMOLISHED: 1945 (BATTLE OF MANILA)

75
PABLO S. ANTONIO
BORN: 25 JAN 1901 DIED: 14 JUN 1975

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE

HIS BUILDINGS WERE CHARACTERIZED BY CLEAN LINES,

PLAIN SURFACES, AND BOLD RECTANGULAR MASSES

HE ALSO BECAME PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE

OF ARCHITECTS

76
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY, MANILA

• THE NICANOR REYES HALL, NAMED AFTER THE

FOUNDER OF THE FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY, THE
OLDEST AND MOST VALUED STRUCTURE ON THE
FEU CAMPUS FOR ITS REMNANT OF THE
ORIGINAL ART DECO
• THE BUILDING WAS CONSTRUCTED IN 1939 BY
NATIONAL ARTIST AR. PABLO ANTONIO, WHO
LATER DESIGNED 4 MORE BUILDINGS- THE
GIRLS’ HIGH SCHOOL BUILDING (1940),
BOY’S HIGH SCHOOL BUILDING (1941), THE
AUDITORIUM AND ADMIN BUILDING (1949)
AND SCIENCE BUILDING (1950)

77
LIFE THEATER

• STYLE: ART DECO

• NAMED FOR: DR. TEOFILO VILLONCO
• COMPLETED: 1941
• RENOVATED: 1946
• ARCHITECT: PABLO ANTONIO

78
GALAXY THEATER

• IT IS ONE OF THE FEW SURVIVING BUILDINGS DESIGNED BY

THE NATIONAL ARTIST PABLO ANTONIO SR
• IT IS OF ART MODERNE DESIGN, AN ARCHITECTURAL
STYLE THAT CAME ABOUT IN THE 1930S ALONG WITH ART
DECO
• BY 2006, THE BUILDING HAD BEEN DEMOLISHED

79
BOULEVARD-ALHAMBRA
APARTMENTS (BEL-AIR)

• ANOTHER SURVIVING ART DECO CREATION

OF THE NATIONAL ARTIST AR. PABLO
ANTONIO
• VERTICAL PARAPETS DECORATE THE MIDDLE
OF THE FAÇADE, THE BUILDING SURVIVED THE
WAR AND EVEN THE NEGLECT OF MANILA’S
REMAINING PRE-WAR BUILDINGS

80