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Unit PRESENT PERFECT

2a TENSE

A. STRUCTURE

S + have/ has + Verb 3

I have finished my homework

S + have/ has + not + Verb 3

I have not finished my homework

Have/ Has + S + Verb 3

Have you finished your homework?

B. FUNCTION
Present perfect tense adalah pola kalimat yang dipakai untuk menunjukkan peristiwa
yang sudah selesai pada waktu sekarang, tetapi tidak disebutkan waktu terjadinya.
Penekanan kalimatnya ada pada sudah selesainya perbuatan.

C. EXAMPLES:
1. I have lost my key (Saya [telah] kehilangan kunci)
2. Benny has gone to Hongkong (Benny sudah berangkat ke Hongkong)
3. Intan has finished her task (Intan sudah menyelesaikan tugasnya)
4. Anton and I have turned in the assignment (Saya dan Anton sudah mengumpulkan
tugas)
5. Intan has not moved to Jakarta with her family (Intan tidak pindah ke Jakarta
bersama keluarganya)
6. Tono has gone to Medan (Tono sudah berangkat ke Medan)
7. Dina and Dony have stayed here (Dina dan Dony sudah (pernah) menetap disini)
8. I’ve eaten 5 times in a day (Saya sudah makan 5 kali sehari)
9. Mrs. Anderson has told us about that problem (Mrs. Anderson (sudah)
menceritakan kami masalah itu)
10. They have not sent our orders (Mereka belum mengirim pesanan kami)
11. He has not understood the rules in this game (Dia belum paham peraturan
permainan ini)
12. Have you called Andrew? (Sudahkah kamu menelepon Andrew)
13. Has anybody here heard the news?
14. My father and my uncle have been a teacher for 20 years
15. It has been two years since I had a vacation
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D. Using FOR and SINCE in Present Perfect

We use ‘FOR’ to talk about a length of time, a period of time. We use ‘SINCE’ to talk
about a point in the past, a specific point in time.

Sentences with ‘FOR’

 I have worked here for 8 years.
 You have played fottball for ten years.
 They have been married for 30 years.
 I haven’t been on holiday for ages.

Sentences with ‘SINCE’

 He has lived here since 1993
 They have been at the hotel since last week.
 You have worked here since you left you left your school
 I haven’t on holiday since last year.

E. Using ‘just’, ‘already’, and ‘yet’ in Present Perfect

I ‘ve just….
* Just = a short time age. (baru saja)
Where’s Anna? - She’s just woken up.
Aru you hungry? - No, I’ve just had dinner.
Is Tom here ? - No, I’m afraid he’s just gone out.

I’ve already….

Already = before you expected

What time does the film start? - It has already started.

What time is Bill coming? - He’s already arrived.
John, this is Emma - Yes, I know. We’ve already met.

I haven’t…….yet

yet = Until now (negatives)

Oh no! We have missed the train. - Don’t worry. It hasn’t arrived yrt.
Is Tony here? - No, he hasn’t arrived yet..
What is the book about? - I don’t know. I haven’t read it yet.

QUIZ 1

1. Why ______ so much rice today ?

A. have you eaten
B. has you ate
C. have you ate
D. has you eaten
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2. They ______ the meeting time.

A. haven't forgotten
B. hasn't forgot
C. haven't forgot
D. hasn't forgotten
3. Mum ________ to Spain before.
A. have never driven
B. has never drove
C. have never drove
D. has never driven
4. You _________ the train tickets.
A. haven't bought
B. hasn't bought
C. haven't buyed
D. hasn't buyed
5. She ________ a horse before.
A. has not rode
B. have not rode
C. has not ridden
D. have not ridden
6. _____ the letter ?
A. Have your dad written
B. Have your dad wrote
C. Has your dad wrote
D. Has your dad written

7. The woman ______ her book.

A. hasn't readen
B. haven't readen
C. haven't read
D. hasn't read
8. _____ in a balloon ?
A. Have your wife ever flew
B. Has your wife ever flew
C. Has your wife ever flown
D. Have your wife ever flown

9. _____ her lately ?

A. Have you saw
B. Has you seen
C. Have you seen
D. Has you saw
10. How much coffee ________ today ?
A. has you drank
B. have you drunk
C. have you drank
D. has you drunk
11. The movie _____ . Please be quiet !
A. have began
B. has began
C. has begun
D. have begun
12. Who ____ my bike ?
A. has stolen
B. have stolen
C. have stole
D. has stole
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QUIZ 2
Present perfect or Simple past tense?
1. He ..... there when he was a child
A. has lived
B. lived
2. I ........ her since last year
A. haven't seen
B. didn't see
3. They ......... a few minutes ago
A. left
B. have left
4. She .......... unemployed since she left school
A. has not been
B. was not
5. They ....... the contract last week
A. finalised
B. have finalised
6. The film .......... yet
A. hasn't started
B. didn't start
7. I ........ the project last night
A. have finished
B. finished
8. ............ to Rome?
A. Did you ever go
B. Have you ever been
9. You can't see her because she ......... home
A. has gone
B. went
10. ............... to the United States?
A. Did you ever go
B. Have you ever been
11. I've known her since we ......... at school together
A. were
B. have been
12. I just ........ the time to go to the cinema recently
A. didn't have
B. haven't had
13. She ......... away for the last two weeks
A. has been
B. was
14. I ....... them since my schooldays
A. have known
B. knew
15. They ........... the contract yet
A. didn't sign
B. haven't signed

***
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Unit PAST PERFECT

TENSE
2b

A. STRUCTURE

S + had + Verb 3
The film had ended when I arrived the cinema.

S + had + not +Verb 3

The film hadn’t ended when I arrived the cinema.

Had + S + Verb 3
Had the film ended when you arrived the cinema?

B. USAGE
Past perfect tense adalah tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aktifitasi
telah selesai pada waktu tertentu lampau atau sebelum aktifitas lainnya terjadi.

C. EXAMPLES

Event A Event B

 John had gone out when I arrived in the office.

 I had saved my document before the computer crashed.

Event B Event A

 When they arrived we had already started cooking.

 He was very tired because he hadn't slept well.

D. TIME EXPRESSION IN PAST PERFECT

Examples:
 By the time the class started, John had done his homework.
 The class started after John had done his homework.
 John had done his homework before the class stared.
 John had already done his homework when the class started.
 The class started at 6 pm. By then John had done his homework.
 I had just finished my homework when the bell rang.

E. QUIZ 1
1. I couldn’t see the teacher because he ____________ before I arrived the school.
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A. had
B. has left
C. left
D. was leaving
2. He was very tired because he ____________ the bags upstairs.
A. have carried
B. had carried
C. carried
D. has carried
3. I was starving when I arrived home. I ____________ anything for two days.
A. didn’t eat
B. wasn’t eaten
C. hadn’t eaten
D. haven’t eaten
4. He asked me to give his book back but I ____________ it.
A. have lost
B. had lost
C. was lost
D. lost
5. The boy knocked the door. There was nobody inside. His mother ____________ yet.
A. hasn’t returned
B. haven’t returned
C. hadn’t returned
D. didn’t return
6. The sun was shining and the birds were singing when she got out. What a lovely day, she said
to herself. She looked at her car but it was not there. Somebody ____________ it.
A. has stolen
B. have stolen
C. had stolen
D. stole
7. She answered all of the questions in the exam because she ____________ very well.
A. was studied
B. had studied
C. has been studied
D. have studied
8. It was sunny but very cold. The snow ____________ yet.
A. hadn’t completely melted
B. hasn’t completely melted
C. haven’t completely melted
D. wasn’t completely melted
9. Clara looked out the window. The pavement was wet. It ____________ at night.
A.
B. has rained D. have rained
C. have been rained E. had rained
10. He couldn’t believe his eyes! His father _____________ him a new laptop as a birthday gift.
A. bought C. had bought
B. has bought D. was bought

F. QUIZ 2
1. After Heru …Los Angeles, he went to California.
a. Was visited
b. Had visited
c. Has been visiting
d. Has visited
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2. Before Alin went to sleep, he …. his family.

a. Is calling
b. Calling
c. Called
d. Had called

3. Kevin …at the university for thirty years before he retired.

a. Is working
b. Had worked
c. Worked
d. Has been worked
4. After the committee members … the consequences, they voted on the proposal.
a. Had considered
b. Was considering
c. Considered
d. Has considered

5. The doctor …the patient thoroughly before he prescribed the medication.

a. Examine
b. Had examined
c. Examining
d. Examines
6. The car … ten times before it landed on its roof.
a. Had flipped
b. Has been flipping out
c. Flip
d. Has been flipping

7. Anyone … the latest version of the phone software for free before August 2013.
a. Had already heard
b. Had already been heard
c. Had been able to update
d. Had be able to update

8. When he arrived at the station, the train …

a. Had left
b. Had leaved
c. Had the room been brighter
d. Had the room brighter
9. … before the participants came?
a. Had left
b. Had leaved
c. Had the room been brighter
d. Had the room brighter
10. Reza … about her before they met.
a. Had already heard
b. Had already been heard
c. Had been able to update
d. Had be able to update
11. Prior to the meeting, the room …

a. Had been put c. Had been cleaned and prepared

b. Had put d. Had cleaned and prepared
12. He told that he … all the files in the directory.

a. Had removed c. Had been dropped

b. Had been removed d. Had dropped
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***

Unit FUTURE PERFECT

2c TENSE

A. STRUCTURE

S + will + have + Verb 3

I will have finished my homework

S + will not (won’t) + have + Verb 3

I won’t have finished my homework

Will + S + have + Verb 3

Will you have finished your homework?

B. FUNCTION

Future Perfect Tense adalah tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu
peristiwa atau suatu hal yang akan sudah terjadi/ selesai dilakukan pada waktu
tertentu (yang akan datang), atau ketika peristiwa lain terjadi nantinya.

C. EXAMPLES

Positive sentences
 I will have fixed the car.
 By next year we will have been married for 20 years.
 By June 2020, He will have finished his university degree.

Negative sentences
 By Sunday, I will not have finished this novel.
 in a week, It will not have stopped raining.
 by tomorrow, They will not have left Jakarta.

Interrogative sentences
 Will he have gotten her ID card by then?
 Won’t you have sent the letters by Thursday?
 Will we have met your boyfriend by next year?

D. TIME SIGNAL
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Keterangan waktu (time signal) yang sering dipergunakan dalam bentuk future perfect tense
adalah:

Keterangan Waktu / Arti

by next : menjelang

by next week : menjelang minggu depan

by Sunday : menjelang hari minggu

by tomorrow : menjelang besok

by next month : menjelang bulan depan

in a week : dalam waktu satu minggu

in two days : dalam dua hari

until : hingga

after : sesudah

before : sebelum

E. PRACTICE
Supply the correct form of the verbs between brackets. Use the future perfect tense.

1. By this time next year, my father (spend) _________ five years in France.
2. Scientists (possibly/develop) _________ a new vaccine for AIDS in twenty years time.
3. They (arrive) _________ in Canada by now.
4. By the end of this week, I (revise) _________ all my Maths lessons.
5. When you get to the airport, Paul (already/arrive)_________
6. I (leave) _________ by seven.
7. Kate (not finish) _________the essay by the weekend.
8. At this time next year, they (build) _________ a new hospital in our city.
9. Peter (perfect) _________ his English by the time he comes back from London.
10. In five years time I (graduate) _________ from university.
11. I think Jane (receive) _________ my letter by Tuesday.
12. He (live) _________ for 10 years in Rome by next July.

F. QUIZ 1

1. By this afternoon, I … the lawn with a push mower.

A. will have been mowed
B. will have mowed
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2. You … your GMAT score online next week.

A. will have saw
B. will have seen

3. The person … probation by January.

A. will has finished
B. will have finished

4. The manager … the meeting room by twelve.

A. will have been left
B. will have left

5. Your best friend … help by the time you … her to take part in your wedding.
A. will have offered, ask
B. ask, will have offered

6. At this time tomorrow, I … to pay off my debts.

A. will have money
B. will have had money

7. Before you arrive at the station, a hotel room … for you.

A. will have booked
B. will have been booked

8. All the campers … in their tent before midnight.

A. will have sleep
B. will have slept

9. By this time next month, my father and I … our family business for a year.
A. will have ran
B. will have run

10. You can’t meet him at my office at 11. He … to the bank at 10.
A. will have gone
B. will have been gone

G. QUIZ 2

1. I …… that thief last night, but he could wriggle out from me.
A. Would have be caught
B. Would have caught
C. Will have caught
D. Will caught

2. She .... a car from her brother, if she had needed it

A. Would has borrowed
B. Would have borrowed
C. Should have borrowed
D. Should has borrowed

3. If Paul had slept earlier, he .....late

A. Would haven't gotten up
B. Wouldn't have gotten up
C. Shouldn't have gotten up
D. Won't have gotten up

4. She …. a queen, unfortunately she died due to a disease.

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A. Would have be
B. Would have
C. Would have been
D. Would be

5. ... helped me if I had asked her?

A. Would Cindy have
B. Should have Cindy
C. Would have Cindy
D. Will Cindy have

6. I would …a rich man, if my company had won the tender.

A. Have
B. Have be
C. Have been
D. Had been

7. They ..... the examination if they had studied harder before

A. Wouldn't has failed
B. Won't have failed
C. Wouldn't have failed
D. Shan't have failed

8. If he had wanted to sell that house, I ....it from him

A. Would have buy
B. Would have buying
C. Would have bought
D. Will have bought

9. Before taking a leave of absence yesterday, he would completed his work for the
client. He would …it two days ago.
A. Have submitted
B. To submitted
C. Have be submitted
D. Have been submitted

10. If you had had much money, ..... to be your girlfriend?

A. Would has she wanted
B. Should have she wanted
C. Would she have want
D. Would she have wanted

11. Susi would have …a delicious chicken if the gas of her stove had not run out.
A. Cooked
B. Be cooking
C. Been cook
D. Cook

12. I phoned at five o’clock since I know you would have …home by then.
A. Get
B. Getting
C. Gotten
D. Got
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13. If my father had given me much money, I ... a gift for my girlfriend
A. Should have buy
B. Would have bought
C. Would has bought
D. Will have bought

14. My father … very upset if he had saw me out of class.

A. Will have be
B. Would have
C. Would have be
D. Would have been

15. Rico ...... to the party alone, if he had let me go with him
A. Would haven't come
B. Would have came
C. Would have coming
D. Wouldn't have come

16. I thought you …by the time I arrived.

A. Would have be slept
B. Would have slept
C. Would be slept
D. Would have been slept

17. He would …. passed the examination If She had learned hard.

A. Been
B. Had
C. Be
D. Have

18. If they had come earlier, I .....the house

A. Would haven't left
B. Wouldn't have left
C. Should haven't left
D. Would have leave

19. We …… arrived on time If we walked faster.

A. Have
B. Had
C. Would have
D. Would had

20. We would have ....in that company if we had passed the interview test before
A. Working
B. Work
C. Worked
D. Works

***