Quadratic Equations
Quadratic Equations
Quadratic Equations
4 Quadratic Equations
Mathematics-X 37
NOTES:
b b 2 4ac
1. Real and distinct roots are
2a
b b
2. Real and equal roots are ,
2a 2a
3. There are quadratic equation which donot have any real roots e.g. x2 + 1 = 0
3x 2 = 2x – 5x
2 2
(c) (d) (x2 + 2x)2 = x4 + 3 + 4x2
2. Which of the following equation has 2 as a root
(a) x2 + 4 = 0 (b) x2 – 4 = 0
(c) x2 + 3x – 12 = 0 (d) 3x2 – 6x – 2 = 0
1 5
3. If is a root of x2 + px – = 0 then value of p is
2 4
(a) 2 (b) –2
1 1
(c) (d)
4 2
4. Every Quadratic Equation can have at most
(a) Three roots (b) One root
(c) Two roots (d) Any number of roots
5. 2
Roots of Quadratic equation x – 7x = 0 will be
(a) 7 (b) 0, –7
(c) 0, 5 (d) 0, 7
6. The value(s) of k for which the quadratic equation 2x2 + kx + 2 = 0 has equal
roots, is
(a) 4 (b) ± 4
(c) – 4 (d) 0 (CBSE 2020)
38 Mathematics-X
7. Fill in the blanks:
(a) If px2 + qx + r = 0 has equal roots then value of r will be ______ .
(b) The qaudratic equation x2 – 5x – 6 = 0 if expressed as (x + p) (x + q) = 0
then value of p and q respectively are ______ and _______ .
(c) The value of k for which the roots of qaudratic equations x2 + 4x + k = 0 are
real is ______ .
(d) If roots of 4x2 – 2x + c = 0 are reciprocal of each other then the value of c
is ________ .
(e) If in a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, value of a is zero then it become
a _____ equation.
8. Write whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your
answers.
(a) Every quadratic equation has atleast one real roots.
(b) If the coefficient of x2 and the constant term of a quadratic equation have
opposite signs, then the quadratic equation has real roots.
(c) 0.3 is a root of x2 – 0.9 = 0.
(d) The graph of a quadratic polynomial is a straight line.
(e) The discriminant of (x – 2)2 = 0 is positive.
9. Match the following :
(i) Roots of 3x2 – 27 = 0 (a) 169/9
5
(ii) D of 2x2 + x–2=0 (b) 0
3
(iii) Sum of roots of 8x2 + 2x – 3 = 0 (c) x2 – (a + b)x + ab = 0
(iv) A quadratic equation with roots a and b (d) 3, – 3
1
(v) The product of roots of x2 + 8x = 0 (e)
4
10. If the Quadratic equation px2 – 2 5 px + 15 = 0 (p 0) has two equal roots then
find the value of p.
11. Solve for x by factorisation
(a) 8x2 – 22x – 21 = 0
(b) 3 5 x 2 25 x 10 5 = 0
(c) 3x2 – 2 6 x + 2 = 0 (CBSE 2010)
Mathematics-X 39
(d) 2x2 + ax – a2 = 0 (CBSE 2014)
(e) 3 x 2 10 x 7 3 = 0
(f ) 2 x 2 7 x 5 2 = 0
(g) (x – 1)2 – 5(x – 1) – 6 = 0
12. For what vlaue of ‘a’ quadratic equation 3ax2 – 6x + 1 = 0 has no real roots?
(CBSE 2020)
2
13. If – 5 is a root of the quadratic equation 2x + px – 15 = 0 and the quadratic
equation p(x2 + x) + k = 0 has equal roots find the value of k.
(CBSE 2014, 2016)
2
14. If x = and x = – 3 are roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + 7x + b = 0. Find
3
the value of a and b. (CBSE 2016)
15. Find value of p for which the product of roots of the quadratic equation px2 +
6x + 4p = 0 is equal to the sum of the roots.
16. The sides of two squares are x cm and (x + 4) cm. The sum of their areas is 656
cm2 Find the sides of these two squares.
17. Find K if the difference of roots of the quadratic equation x2 – 5x + (3k – 3) = 0 is 11.
40 Mathematics-X
2 3 23
(g) = , x 0, – 1, 2
x 1 2( x 2) 5x
2
2x 10 x
(h) 24 = 0, x 5
x5 ( x 5)
(i) 4x2 – 4a2x + a4 – b4 = 0
(j) 2a2x2 + b(6a2 + 1)x + 3b2 = 0
7 x 1 5x 3 3 1
(k) 3 4 = 11, x ,
5x 3 7x 1 5 7
1 1 11
(l) , x 4, 7 (NCERT)
x 4 x 7 30
x 4 x 6 10
(m) x 5 x 7 3 , x 5, 7 (CBSE 2014)
1 2 4
(n) , x –1, –2, – 4
x 1 x 2 x 4
1 1 3
(o) 1, x ,5
2x 3 x 5 2
(p) x2 + 5 5x – 70 = 0
16 15
(q) 1 , x 0, – 1 (CBSE 2014)
x x 1
20. Solve by using quadratic formula abx2 + (b2 – ac) x – bc = 0. (CBSE 2005)
21. If the roots of the quadratic equation (p + 1)x2 – 6(p + 1) x + 3(p + 9) = 0 are
equal find p and then find the roots of this quadratic equation.
22. Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation 3x2 – 4 3 x + 4 = 0
If the roots are real, find them. (CBSE 2020)
2 2 4 4
23. Solve 9x – 6a x + a – b = 0 using quadratic formula. (CBSE 2020)
Mathematics-X 41
26. A thief runs with a uniform speed of 100 m/minute. After one minute a policeman
runs after the thief to catch him. He goes with a speed of 100 m/minute in the
first minute and increases his speed by 10 m/minute every succeeding minute.
After how many minutes the policemen will catch the thief?
27. Two water taps together can fill a tank in 6 hours. The tap of larger diameter
takes 9 hours less than the smaller one to fill the tank separately. Find the time
in which each tap can separately fill the tank. (CBSE 2020)
28. In the centre of a rectangular lawn of dimensions 50 m × 40 m, a rectangular
pond has to be constructed, so that the area of the grass surrounding the pond
would be 1184 m2. Find the lenght and breadth of the pond.
29. A farmer wishes to grow a 100 m2 recangular garden. Since he has only 30 m
barbed wire, he fences three sides of the rectangular garden letting compound
wall of this house act as the fourth side fence. Find the dimensions of his garden.
30. A peacock is sitting on the top of a pillar, which is 9 m high. From a point 27 m
away from the bottom fo a pilar, a snake is coming to its hole at the base of the
pillar. Seeing the snake the peacock pounces on it. If their speeds are equa, at
what distance from the hole is the snake caught?
31. If the price of a book is reduced by ` 5, a person can buy 5 more books for
` 300. Find the original list price of the book.
32. ` 6500 were divided equally among a certain number of persons. If there been
15 more persons, each would have got ` 30 less. Find the original number of
persons.
33. In a flight of 600 km, an aircraft was slowed down due to bad weather. Its
average speed was reduced by 200 km/hr and the time of flight increased by 30
minutes. Find the duration of flight. (CBSE 2020, Outside Delhi)
34. A fast train takes 3 hours less than a slow train for a journey of 600 km. If the
speed of the slow train is 10 km/hr less than the fast train, find the speed of the
two trains.
(CBSE 2020, Outside Delhi)
35. The speed of a boat in still water is 15 km/hr. It can go 30 km upstream and
return downstream to the orignal point in 4 hrs 30 minutes. Find the speed of
the stream.
42 Mathematics-X
36. Sum of areas of two squares is 400 cm2. If the difference of their perimeter is
16 cm. Find the side of each square.
37. The area of an isosceles triangle is 60 cm2. The length of equal sides is 13 cm
find length of its base.
38. The denominator of a fraction is one more than twice the numerator. If the sum
16
of the fraction and its reciprocal is 2 . Find the fraction.
21
39. A girl is twice as old as her sister. Four years hence, the product of their ages
(in years) will be 160. Find their present ages.
40. A two digit number is such that the product of its digits is 18. When 63 is
subtracted from the number, the digits interchange their places. Find the number.
(CBSE 2006)
41. Three consecutive positive integers are such that the sum of the square of the
first and the product of other two is 46, find the integers. (CBSE 2010)
42. A piece of cloth costs ` 200. If the piece was 5 m longer and each metre of
cloth costs ` 2 less, then the cost of the piece would have remained unchanged.
How long is the piece and what is the original rate per metre?
43. A motor boat whose speed is 24 km/hr in still water takes 1 hour more to go 32
km upstream than to return downstream to the same spot. Find the speed of the
stream
(CBSE 2016)
44. If the roots of the quadratic equation (b – c)x2 + (c – a)x + (a – b) = 0 are equal,
prove 2b = a + c.
45. If the equation (1 + m2)n2x2 + 2mncx + (c2 – a2) = 0 has equal roots, prove that
c2 = a2 (1 + m2).
46. A train covers a distance of 480 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been
8 km/hr less, then it would have taken 3 hours more to cover the same distance.
Find the original speed of the train. (CBSE 2020)
47. A rectangular park is to be designed whose breadth is 3 m less than its length.
Its area is to be 4 square metres more than the area of a park that has already
been made in the shape of an isosceles triangle with its base as the breadth of
the rectangular park and of altitude 12 m. Find the length and breadth of the
park.
(CBSE 2020)
Mathematics-X 43
ANSWERS AND HINTS
q2
7. (a) [r = (D = 0 q2 – 4pr = 0)]
4p
(b) p = – 6, q = 1 [x2 – 5x – 6 = 0 (x – 6) (x + 1) = 0]
(c) K 4 [D 0 16 – 4 K 0 16 4K 4 K]
c c
(d) c = 4 ( product = 1 =1 =1)
a 4
(e) Linear equation (x = 0 ax2 + bx + c = 0 reduces to bx + c = 0)
8. (a) False (A quadratic equation has atmost two real root).
(b) True (Coefficient of x2 = a, Constant = – c, D = b2 – 4ac = b2 – 4(a) (– c) =
b2 + 4ac > 0)
(c) False ((0.3)2 – 0.9 = 0.09 – 0.9 0)
(d) False (Degree of quadratic polynomial is 2 not 1 Not a straight line)
9. (i) d
(ii) a
(iii) e
(iv) c
(v) b
10. D = 0 20p2 – 60p = 0, p 0
20p (p – 3) = 0
p= 3
7 3 2 5
11. (a) x = ,x= (b) x = – 5 , x =
2 4 3
44 Mathematics-X
2 2 a
(c) x = ,x= (d) x = ,x=–a
3 3 2
7 3 5 2
(e) x = 3 , x = (f) x = 2 , x =
3 2
(g) Take (x – 1) = y
y2 – 5y – 6 = 0 (y + 1) (y – 6) = 0
y = –1, y = 6
x – 1 = – 1, x – 1 = 6
x = 0, x = 7
12. D < 0, (– 6)2 – 4(3a) (1) < 0, 12a > 36 a > 3
13. 2(– 5)2 + p(– 5) – 15 = 0 p = 7
7x2 + 7x + k = 0, D = 49 – 28 k = 0
49 7
k= =
28 4
2
14. Substituting, x = we get 4a + 9b = – 42 ...(1)
3
Substituting, x = – 3 we get 9a + b = 21 ...(2)
Solve (1) and (2) to get a = 3, b = – 6.
c 4p b 6
15. Product = = = 4, sum = =
a p a p
6 6 3
ATQ = =4 p= =
p 4 2
16. x2 + (x + 4)2 = 656
x2 + 4x – 320 = 0
4 1296 4 36 4 36
D = 1296 x= = ,
2 2 2
32
x= = 16, (rejecting –ve value)
2
Sides are 16 cm, 20 cm
Mathematics-X 45
17. ATQ – = 11
Solve to get = 8, = – 3
b
Sum of roots + = =5
a
= 8, = – 3
c
Product of roots =
a
– 24 = 3k – 3
– 21 = 3k k = –7 Ans.
18. x2 + kx + 64 = 0 D1 = k2 – 256 0, k2 256
k 16 ...(1)
k – 16
x2 – 8x + k = 0 D2 = 64 – 4k 0, 64 4k
k 16 ...(2)
(1) and (2) gives k = 16
1 1 1 1
19. (a) =
ab x x a b
xab x ab
=
(a b x) x ab
– (a + b) ab = (a + b) (a + b + x) x
x2 + xa + bx + ab = 0
(x + a) (x + b) = 0, x = – a, x = – b
1 1 1 1
(b) =
2a b 2 x 2 x 2a b
2 x 2a b 2 x 2a b
=
(2a b 2 x)2 x 2ab
– (2a + b)2ab = (2a + b) (2a + b + 2x)2x
2x2 + 2xa + bx + ab = 0
b
(x + a) (2x + b) = 0, x = – a, x = –
2
46 Mathematics-X
3
(c) Take LCM to get 2x2 + 5x + 3 = 0, x = – 1, x . (given)
2
(d) Take LCM to get x2 + 4x – 12 = 0
Ans. x = 2, – 6
(e) (4x2 + 4bx + b2) – a2 = 0
(2x + b)2 – a2 = 0 apply A2 – B2 = (A + B) (A– B)
( a b) ab
Ans. x = ,x=
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
(f) 4x – 2a x – 2b x + a b = 0
2x(2x – a2) – b2(2x – a2) = 0 (2x – b2) (2x – a2) = 0
b2 a 2
x= ,
2 2
(g) Take LCM to get 11x2 – 21x – 92 = 0
11x2 – 44x + 23x – 92 = 0. Solve and get
23
x = 4, x =
11
2
2x 2x
(h) 5 24 = 0
x5 x 5
2x
Let =y y2 + 5y – 24 = 0. Solve to get y = 3, y = –8
x5
2x 2x
Sub, = 3, =–8
x5 x5
Ans. x = 15, x = 4
(i) 4x2 – 4a2x + a4 – b4 = 0
(2x – a2)2 – (b2)2 = 0
(2x – a2 – b2) (2x – a2 + b2) = 0
a 2 b2 a 2 b2
x= , x=
2 2
Mathematics-X 47
(j) Find D = b2 (6a2 – 1)2
B D
Use x = to get answer
2A
b
Ans. x = , – 3b
2a 2
7x 1
(k) Let =y
5x 3
4
3y – = 11 3y2 – 111y – 4 = 0. Solve to get
y
1
y= ,y=4
3
Substitute y and get x = 0, 1
(l) Take LCM to get x2 – 3x + 2 = 0
Solve to get x = 1, x = 2
(m) Take LCM to get 2x2 – 27x + 88 = 0
11
x = 8,
2
(n) Take LCM to get x2 – 4x – 8 = 0 (Use quadratic formula)
Ans. x = 2 2 3
(o) Take LCM to get 2x2 – 16x + 23 = 0
Solve using Quadratic formula
8 3 2
Ans. x =
2
(p) x 2 7 5 x 2 5 x 70 = 0
x 7 5 x 2 5 =0
x = 2 5, 7 5
16 x 15
(q) =
x x 1
2
x – 16 = 0
x=±4
48 Mathematics-X
20. abx2 + b2x – acx – bc = 0
(bx – c) (ax + b) = 0
b c
x= ,
a b
21. D = 0
p2 – 2p – 3 = 0 ; p = –1, 3
rejecting p = –1,
Ans. p = 3.
2
22. Find D, D = 4 3 – 4(3)(4) = 0
Roots are equal and real
b b 2 2
Roots are , = ,
2a 2a 3 3
23. D = (–6a2)2 – 4(9) (a4 – b4)
= 36b4
(6a 2 ) 36b 4 a 2 b2
x= =
29 3
54 63
24. Equation = 3, x speed of train at first, x + 6 Increased speed.
x x6
Ans. x = 36, x – 3.
25. Let the natural number be x.
160
ATQ, x + 12 = to get x2 + 12x – 160 = 0
x
(x + 20) (x – 8) = 0
x = 8, x – 20 (rejected)
26. Let time taken by thief be n minutes.
Policeman will catch the thief in (n – 1) minutes.
Total distance covered by thief = (100 n) metres ...(1)
(as distance covered in 1 min = 100 min)
Distance covered by policemen
100 + 110 + 120 + .... + to (n – 1) 10 ...(2)
Mathematics-X 49
(n 1)
(1) and (2) 100 n = [2 × 100 + (n – 2) 10]
2
Solve and get n2 – 3n – 18 = 0
n = 6, n–3
Policeman will catch the thief in 5 minutes.
27. Time taken by top of smaller diameter = x hrs
Time taken by larger tap = (x – 9) hrs
1 1 1
ATQ = and get x 2 – 21x + 54 = 0
x x9 6
Ans. x = 3, x = 18
x = 3 rejeced as x – 9 = – 6 < 0
x = 18 hrs x – 9 = 18 – 9 = 9 hrs
28.
Pond
x 40
x
50
Length of rectangular lawn = 50 m
Breadth of rectangular lawn = 40 m
Length of pond = 50 – 2x
Breadth of pond = 40 – 2x
Area of lawn – Area of pond = area of grass
50 × 40 – (50 – 2x) (40 – 2x) = 1184
get x2 – 45x + 296 = 0
x = 37, x = 8
x = 37 rejected 40 – 2x = 40 – 2(37) < 0
Ans. Length of pond = 34 m
Breadth of pond = 24 m
50 Mathematics-X
29. x + y + x = 30, xy = 100 House
Solve x = 5m, 10 m,
x x
y = 20 m, 10 m
dim. are 5 m × 20 m or 10 m × 10 m y
30.
A
x
–
27
27 – x x
C D B
300 300
ATQ =5
x5 x
Solve and get x = 20, x = – 15 rejected
Ans. ` 20
32. Let original number of persons be x
6500 6500
ATQ = 30
x x 15
Solve and get x = 50, x = – 65 (rejected).
600 600 1
33. ATQ = [Speed of aircraft = x km/hr]
x 200 x 2
Solve to get x = 600, x – 400
600
Duration of flight = 1hr..
600
Mathematics-X 51
600 600
34. ATQ = 3 (Speed of slow train x km/hr)
x x 10
Solve to get x = 40, x – 50 (rejected).
Ans. 40 km/hr, 50 km/hr.
30 30 9
35. ATQ (Speed of stream x km/hr)
15 x 15 x 2
Solve to get x = 5, x –5 (rejected)
Ans. 5 km/hr
36. x2 + y2 = 400 ...(1)
4x – 4y = 16 x – y = 4 ...(2)
y–x=4 ...(3)
Solve (1) and (2) to get x = 16, x –12 (rejected)
Solve (1) and (3) to get x = 12, x –16 (rejected)
Ans. x = 16 m, y = 12 m from (1) and (2)
x = 12 m, y = 16 m from (1) and (3)
37. BC = 2x, BD = x (Draw a from A on BC)
Use pythagoreas to get
AD = 169 x 2 60
1
A= 2 x 169 x 2 60
2
Solve to get x2 = 144, x2 = 25
x = 12 or x = 5
x –12, –5 (rejected)
base 2x = 24 cm or 10 cm
x
38. Fraction is
2x 1
x 2x 1 16 58
ATQ =2 =
2x 1 x 21 21
7
Solve to get x = 3, x (rejected)
11
3
Ans. Fraction = .
7
52 Mathematics-X
39. Age of sister = x years
Age of girl = 2x
ATQ (x + 4) (2x + 4) = 160
Solve to get x2 + 6x – 72 = 0
Ans. x = 6 years, x – 12 (rejected)
2x = 12 years
18
40. Let tens place digit = x, then units digits = .
x
18
No, 10x +
x
18 10 18
ATQ 10 x x = 63
x x
Solve to get x = 9, x – 2 (rejected).
Ans. Number is 92
41. Let no. be x, x + 1, x + 2 (rejected).
ATQ (x)2 + (x + 1) (x + 2) = 46
To get 2x2 + 3x – 44 = 0
11
Use quadratic formula to get x = 4, x – (rejected)
2
Numbers are 4, 5, 6.
42. Let length of piece be x metre.
200 200
ATQ =2
x x5
Solve to get x2 + 5x – 500 = 0
Solve to get x = 20, x –25 (rejected)
200 200
Rate per meter = = = ` 10
x 20
43. Let speed of boat = x
32 32
ATQ =1
24 x 24 x
Mathematics-X 53
x2 + 64x – 576 = 0
(x + 72) (x – 8) = 0
x 8 km/hr
x = –72 km/hr (rejected)
44. Find D and let D = 0
(c – a)2 – 4(b – c) (a – b) = 0
Solve to get (a + c – 2b)2 = 0
a + c = 2b
45. D = 0
(2 mnc)2 – 4 (1 + m2) n2 (c2 – a2) = 0
to get 4n2c2 = 4n2a2 (1 + m2)
c2 = a2 (1 + m2)
46. Let the speed of the train = x km/hr
480 480
ATQ, – =3
x 8 x
x2 – 8x – 1280 = 0
x = 40, –32 (rejected)
x = 40 km/hr
47. Let Lm be the length of the rectangular park
Breadth = (L – 3) m
Altitude of the isosceles triangle = 12 m
1
ATQ L(L – 3) = (12) (L – 3) + 4
2
L2 – 9L + 14 = 0
(L – 7) (L – 2) = 0
L = 7, 2
So, L = 7m (L = 2 rejected L – 3 = –1)
Length = 7 m, Breadth = 4 m
54 Mathematics-X
Practice Test
Quadratic Equations
Time: 1 Hour M.M : 20
SECTION-A
1. The value of k is .................. if x = 3 is one root of x2 – 2kx – 6 = 0. 1
2. If the discriminant of 3x + 2x + = 0 is double the discriminant of x – 4x + 2
2 2
SECTION-B
5. If roots of x2 + kx + 12 = 0 are in the ratio 1 : 3 find k. 2
1
6. Solve for x : 21x2 – 2x + =0 2
21
7. Find k if the quadratic equation has equal roots : kx (x – 2) + 6 = 0. 2
SECTION-C
8. Solve using quadratic formula 3
4 3x 2 5 x 2 3 0
9. For what value of k, (4 – k)x2 + (2k + 4)x + (8k + 1) = 0 is a perfect square. 3
SECTION-C
7
10. Two water taps together can fill a tank in 1 hours. The tap with longer diameter
8
takes 2 hours less than the tap with smaller one to fill the tank separately. Find
the time in which each tap can fill the tank separately. (CBSE 2018)
4
Mathematics-X 55
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