ELEPHANTS

Arrange By :
Name : Atikah Sari
Class : X-IA 4
Senior High School Brigjed Katamso 1 Medan
Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea. Two species
are traditionally recognised, the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and the Asian elephant
(Elephas maximus), although some evidence suggests that African bush elephants and African
forest elephants are separate species (L. africana and L. cyclotis respectively). Elephants are
scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Elephantidae is the
only surviving family of the order Proboscidea; other, now extinct, members of the order include
deinotheres, gomphotheres, mammoths, and mastodons. Male African elephants are the largest
extant terrestrial animals and can reach a height of 4 m (13 ft) and weigh 7,000 kg (15,000 lb).
All elephants have several distinctive features, the most notable of which is a long trunk or
proboscis, used for many purposes, particularly breathing, lifting water and grasping objects.

Their incisors grow into tusks, which can serve as weapons and as tools for moving objects and
digging. Elephants’ large ear flaps help to control their body temperature. Their pillar-like legs
can carry their great weight. African elephants have larger ears and concave backs while Asian
elephants have smaller ears and convex or level backs. Elephants are herbivorous and can be
found in different habitats including savannahs, forests, deserts and marshes. They prefer to stay
near water. They are considered to be keystone species due to their impact on their
environments. Other animals tend to keep their distance from elephants, while predators such as
lions, tigers, hyenas, and wild dogs usually target only young elephants (or “calves”). Females
(“cows”) tend to live in family groups, which can consist of one female with her calves or
several related females with offspring.

The groups are led by an individual known as the matriarch, often the oldest cow. Elephants have
a fission–fusion society in which multiple family groups come together to socialise. Males
(“bulls”) leave their family groups when they reach puberty, and may live alone or with other
males. Adult bulls mostly interact with family groups when looking for a mate and enter a state
of increased testosterone and aggression known as musth, which helps them gain dominance and
reproductive success. Calves are the centre of attention in their family groups and rely on their
mothers for as long as three years. Elephants can live up to 70 years in the wild. They
communicate by touch, sight, smell and sound; elephants use infrasound,[1] and seismic
communication over long distances.

Elephant intelligence has been compared with that of primates and cetaceans. They appear to
have self-awareness and show empathy for dying or dead individuals of their kind. African
elephants are listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN),
while the Asian elephant is classed as endangered. One of the biggest threats to elephant
populations is the ivory trade, as the animals are poached for their ivory tusks. Other threats to
wild elephants include habitat destruction and conflicts with local people. Elephants are used as
working animals in Asia. In the past they were used in war; today, they are often controversially
put on display in zoos, or exploited for entertainment in circuses. Elephants are highly
recognisable and have been featured in art, folklore, religion, literature and popular culture.
Gajah adalah mamalia besar dari keluarga Elephantidae dan Ordo Proboscidea. Dua spesies secar
a tradisional diakui, gajah Afrika (Loxodonta africana) dan Gajah Asia (Elephas maximus), mesk
ipun beberapa bukti menunjukkan bahwa gajah Afrika bush dan hutan Afrika gajah spesies terpis
ah (L. cyclotis dan L. africana masing-masing). Gajah yang tersebar di seluruh sub-
Sahara Afrika, Asia Selatan dan Asia Tenggara. Elephantidae adalah satu–satunya keluarga yang
bertahan dari Ordo Proboscidea; anggota yang lain, kini pupus urutan meliputi deinotheres, gom
photheres, Mammoth dan Mastodon. Laki-laki gajah Afrika hewan darat terbesar wujud dan dap
at mencapai ketinggian 4 meter (13 kaki) dan berat
badan 7.000 kg (15.000 lb). Gajah semua memiliki beberapa fitur unik, yang paling terkenal adal
ah batang panjang atau belalai, digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan, terutama pernapasan, meng
angkat air dan memegang benda. Gigi
seri mereka tumbuh menjadi Gading, yang dapat berfungsi sebagai senjata dan sebagai alat untuk
memindahkan barang-barang dan menggali.
Telinga besar Gajah mengepakkan membantu untuk mengendalikan suhu tubuh mereka. Kaki tia
ng-seperti mereka bisa membawa mereka berat
badan yang besar. Gajah Afrika memiliki telinga yang lebih
besar dan cekung punggung sementara Gajah Asia memiliki telinga yang lebih
kecil dan cembung atau tingkat punggung.Gajah herbivora dan dapat ditemukan di habitat yang b
erbeda termasuk Savana, hutan, gurun dan rawa-rawa. Mereka lebih memilih untuk tinggal di
dekat air. Mereka dianggap keystone spesies karena dampaknya terhadap lingkungan mereka. He
wan lain cenderung untuk menjaga jarak mereka dari gajah, sementara pemangsa seperti harimau
, singa, Hyena, dan anjing liar biasanya target hanya gajah muda (atau “anak
lembu”). Betina (“sapi”) cenderung untuk hidup dalam kelompok, yang dapat terdiri dari satu per
empuan dengan betis nya atau beberapa terkait perempuan dengan keturunan. Kelompok-
kelompok yang dipimpin oleh seorang individu yang dikenal sebagai karakter, sering sapi tertua.
Gajah memiliki fisi-fusi masyarakat di mana beberapa kelompok keluarga datang bersama-sama
untuk bersosialisasi. Jantan “” meninggalkan kelompok keluarga mereka ketika mereka mencapa
i pubertas, dan dapat hidup sendirian atau dengan laki-laki lain. Sapi
jantan dewasa kebanyakan berinteraksi dengan kelompok keluarga ketika mencari pasangan dan
memasuki sebuah tataran peningkatan testosteron dan agresi yang dikenal sebagai musth, yang m
embantu mereka memperoleh dominasi dan keberhasilan reproduksi.Betis adalah pusat perhatian
dalam kelompok keluarga mereka dan bergantung pada ibu mereka selama tiga tahun. Gajah dap
at hidup sampai 70 tahun di alam
liar. Mereka berkomunikasi dengan sentuhan, penglihatan, bau dan suara; Gajah menggunakan I
nfrasonik,
[1] dan seismik komunikasi lebih jauh jarak. Gajah intelijen telah dibandingkan dengan primata
dan Paus. Mereka tampaknya memiliki kesadaran
diri dan menunjukkan empati untuk individu yang sekarat atau mati jenis mereka.Gajah Afrika y
ang terdaftar sebagai rentan oleh Persatuan internasional untuk pelestarian of Nature (IUCN), sed
angkan Gajah Asia digolongkan sebagai terancam
punah. Salah satu ancaman terbesar terhadap populasi gajah adalah perdagangan Gading, seperti
binatang rebus Gading Gading mereka. Ancaman lain terhadap gajah liar termasuk habitat dan k
onflik dengan penduduk setempat. Gajah digunakan sebagai hewan bekerja di Asia. Di masa
lalu mereka digunakan dalam perang; hari ini, mereka sering
kali kontroversial yang dipamerkan di kebun
binatang, atau dieksploitasi untuk hiburan di sirkus. Gajah sangat dikenali dan telah ditampilkan
dalam seni, cerita, agama, sastra dan budaya populer.
 ANALYSIS

Generic Structure :

1. General Classification

Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea. Two species
are traditionally recognised, the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and the Asian elephant
(Elephas maximus), although some evidence suggests that African bush elephants and African
forest elephants are separate species (L. Africana and L. Cyclotis respectively). Elephants are
scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Elephantidae is the
only surviving family of the order Proboscidea; other, now extinct, members of the order include
deinotheres, gomphotheres, mammoths, and mastodons. Male African elephants are the largest
extant terrestrial animals and can reach a height of 4 m (13 ft) and weigh 7,000 kg (15,000 lb).
All elephants have several distinctive features, the most notable of which is a long trunk or
proboscis, used for many purposes, particularly breathing, lifting water and grasping objects.

2. Description

Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea. Two species
are traditionally recognised, the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and the Asian elephant
(Elephas maximus), although some evidence suggests that African bush elephants and African
forest elephants are separate species (L. Africana and L. Cyclotis respectively). Elephants are
scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Elephantidae is the
only surviving family of the order Proboscidea; other, now extinct, members of the order include
deinotheres, gomphotheres, mammoths, and mastodons. Male African elephants are the largest
extant terrestrial animals and can reach a height of 4 m (13 ft) and weigh 7,000 kg (15,000 lb).
All elephants have several distinctive features, the most notable of which is a long trunk or
proboscis, used for many purposes, particularly breathing, lifting water and grasping objects.
Their incisors grow into tusks, which can serve as weapons and as tools for moving objects and
digging. Elephants’ large ear flaps help to control their body temperature. Their pillar-like legs
can carry their great weight. African elephants have larger ears and concave backs while Asian
elephants have smaller ears and convex or level backs. Elephants are herbivorous and can be
found in different habitats including savannahs, forests, deserts and marshes. They prefer to stay
near water. They are considered to be keystone species due to their impact on their
environments.
3. Language Feature

 Linking Verb

1. Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea. Two
species are traditionally recognised, the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and the
Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), although some evidence suggests that African bush
elephants and African forest elephants are separate species (L. Africana and L. Cyclotis
respectively). Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and
Southeast Asia. Elephantidae is the only surviving family of the order Proboscidea; other,
now extinct, members of the order include deinotheres, gomphotheres, mammoths, and
mastodons.
2. The most notable of which is a long trunk or proboscis, used for many purposes,
particularly breathing, lifting water and grasping objects
3. In the past they were used in war; today, they are often controversially put on display in
zoos, or exploited for entertainment in circuses. Elephants are highly recognisable and
have been featured in art, folklore, religion, literature and popular culture.

 Past Tense

1. In the past they were used in war; today, they are often controversially put on display in
zoos, or exploited for entertainment in circuses.

 Present Tense

1. Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.
2. Elephants can live up to 70 years in the wild.

 Passive Voice

1. They are considered to be keystone species due to their impact on their environments.
2. Adult bulls mostly interact with family groups when looking for a mate and enter a state
of increased testosterone and aggression known as musth, which helps them gain
dominance and reproductive success.
 Function Of Recount Text

The function of this Recount text is to provide information to readers about elephants, in detail
and clearly.

Main Idea

Paragraph 1

Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea. Two species
are traditionally recognised, the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and the Asian elephant
(Elephas maximus), although some evidence suggests that African bush elephants and African
forest elephants are separate species (L. Africana and L.

Paragraph 2

Elephants are herbivorous and can be found in different habitats including savannahs, forests,
deserts and marshes. They prefer to stay near water. They are considered to be keystone species
due to their impact on their environments.

Paragraph 3

Elephants can live up to 70 years in the wild. They communicate by touch, sight, smell and
sound; elephants use infrasound,[1] and seismic communication over long distances.

Paragraph 4

Elephants are used as working animals in Asia. In the past they were used in war; today, they are
often controversially put on display in zoos, or exploited for entertainment in circuses. Elephants
are highly recognisable and have been featured in art, folklore, religion, literature and popular
culture.