Electrical Power Systems

Transmission Line Simulator

PSL30
Investigates short, medium and long transmission line performance in single-phase and three-
phase systems.

K ey F e at u res Learning Outcomes

• Fault application switch and earth fault resistors Single- phase line:
allow studies of earth fault currents and the • Short-line investigation
operation of relays of varying sensitivity
• Medium or long-line investigation (nominal ‘Tee’
• Enables ‘Pi’ or ‘Tee’ methods of loss profiling and ‘Pi’ methods)
• Single and three-phase lines for separate tests • Effect of power and reactive power flow on
• Built-in industrial-standard digital protection relay voltage drop and transmission angle
gives wide range of functions – module includes • Medium/long-line investigation of a natural load
extra socket for additional relay to give more of a line
experiments
• Voltage regulation at constant load and power
• Includes supplies, circuit protection, internal load factor
banks, instruments and controls
T hree- phase lines:
Key Specifications • Per-unit values
• Single-phase and three-phase lines • Unbalanced loads and the neutral connection
• Six-section three-phase line • Fault simulation and line protection studies
• Resistive, inductive and capacitive loads
• Parallel feeders and multi-section lines
• Overcurrent protection relay

TecQuipment Ltd, Bonsall Street, long eaton, Nottingham NG10 2AN, UK

tecqu ipment. c o m +4 4 115 972 2611 [email protected]

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Transmission Line Simulator
PSL30

Description A fault application switch and earth fault resistors allow

studies of earth fault currents and the operation of relays
The Transmission Line Simulator investigates single-phase
of varying sensitivity.
and three-phase transmission lines.
For protection tests, current transformers (CTs) in the test
The configurable simulated transmission lines allow
circuits connect to the protection relay fitted to the control
realistic studies of short, medium and long-distance
panel.
transmission lines under variable load and power factor
conditions, as well as with inserted faults. The user connects and sets the protection relay to detect
line and earth currents. The relay also monitors and
The console is divided into two control panels, each with
measures fault events and disturbances for fault analysis.
detailed mimic diagrams. The upper panel has a single-
The user sets the relay from its local control panel or by a
phase transmission line equivalent circuit, and the lower
cable link to a suitable computer (computer not included)
panel a three-phase transmission line. The lines may be
and software (included). When a circuit fault happens, the
loaded by the resistive, capacitive and inductive loads
relay opens circuit-breakers in the test circuits. The circuit-
included. The effects can be monitored by instruments at
breakers also include hand-operated switches, and lamps.
the send and receive ends of the transmission lines.
The lamps show whether the circuit-breakers are open or
The single-phase transmission line includes a set of closed.
inductive impedances connected in series. Tapping points
Supplied with the equipment is a set of shrouded leads
allow the user to:
for the user to connect the test circuits together. The unit
• change the length of the simulated line; includes an emergency switch, a mains supply isolator
and protection fuses.
• set up ‘Pi’ or ‘Tee’ methods of loss profiling using
different values of capacitance; and Supplied with a comprehensive user guide which includes
equipment descriptions, theory and experiments. Also,
• monitor the voltage, current and power at any point
the open and flexible structure of the equipment makes it
along the line.
ideal for student projects and for lecturers to create their
The three-phase transmission line is in six sections own experiments.
represented in ‘per-unit’ values. Facilities include:
• Operating under variable balanced or unbalanced RLC
Standard Features
(resistive, inductive and capacitive) loads • Supplied with comprehensive user guide

• Selectable neutral • Five-year warranty

• Provision to vary the length parameters • Manufactured in accordance with the latest European
Union directives
• ISO9001 certified manufacturer

S i ng le-P has e l i n e

Protection relay

L oa d s
Thre e -Phas e l in e

TecQuipment Ltd, Bonsall Street, long eaton, Nottingham NG10 2AN, UK

tecqu ipment. c o m +4 4 115 972 2611 [email protected]

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Transmission Line Simulator
PSL30

TP 11 TP 12 TP 13 TP 14 TP 15 TP 16
a b a b a b a b a b a b

L1

OPEN CLOSED

0 1

a TP 17 a TP 18 a TP 19
b c b c b c

CB2

c d

S i ngl e-p has e L i n e (s c hem at i c)

1870 mm

1850 mm

TecQuipment Ltd, Bonsall Street, long eaton, Nottingham NG10 2AN, UK

tecqu ipment. c o m +4 4 115 972 2611 [email protected]

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Transmission Line Simulator
PSL30

R e co m m e n de d A nci l l a ri es
• PSLHB and at least one cable (PSLSC or PSLMC or
PSLLC)
• Power Factor Load Bank (PSA40)

Ad d i t i on a l re lays
• Overcurrent and Earth Fault Relay (PSA10)
• Feeder Management Relay (PSA25)
Ov erc u r r en t a n d Ea rt h Fau lt R el ay (P SA1 0)
• Distance Protection Relay (PSA30)

F eed er M a n agem en t R el ay (P SA 2 5 )

Power Factor Load Bank (PSA40)

Distance Protection Relay (PSA30)

TecQuipment Ltd, Bonsall Street, long eaton, Nottingham NG10 2AN, UK

tecqu ipment. c o m +4 4 115 972 2611 [email protected]

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Transmission Line Simulator
PSL30

Typical Work Assignments

Single-phase line vo ltage regulation at constant power factor
This test measures the voltages at the send and receive ends of the line, and the power at the receiving end compared with
the rated power of the line. The curves represent the voltage regulation with five different power factor settings from 0.4
lagging to 0.8 leading.

1.2

0.8 lead
Voltage Ratio

Unity

0.4 lag

0
0 Power Ratio 1.2

Directional overcurrent protection

This test uses the protection relay with an optional relay to show directional overcurrent protection in transmission lines.

Line C Line D

(0.15pu) (0.15pu)
CB1 Load
(0.25pu)
CB3 CTs Line A Line B CTs CB4

(0.15pu) (0.15pu)

Fault

P127 Relay External Relay

PS253 or 254

TecQuipment Ltd, Bonsall Street, long eaton, Nottingham NG10 2AN, UK

tecqu ipment. c o m +4 4 115 972 2611 [email protected]

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Transmission Line Simulator
PSL30

Detailed Specifications Essential Services

TecQuipment is committed to a programme of continuous Electrical supply:
improvement; hence we reserve the right to alter the Three-phase 5 kVA, 50 Hz or 60 Hz (specify on order)
design and product specification without prior notice.
50 Hz needs 380 - 440 VAC
Nett dimens io ns and w e i gh t:
60 Hz needs 200 - 240 VAC
1850 mm long x 1870 mm high x 960 mm front to back and
750 kg Flo o r space needed:
Approximate packed volume and weight: Approximately 3 m x 2 m of solid, level floor
5 m3 and 950 kg
O per ating C o nd itio ns
Line s imu l at io n: O perat ing enviro nment:
Inductors, with three-phase line represented in per-unit Laboratory environment
values
Storage temperature range:
Thr ee- phas e l ines :
–25°C to +55°C (when packed for transport)
Five sections, each at 0.15 p.u. value: 75 km of 132 kV line on
a 100 MVA base O perat ing t emperat u re ra nge:
One section at 0.25 p.u. value: 125 km of 132 kV line on a +5°C to +40°C
100 MVA base O perat ing relat ive hu midit y ra nge:
Thr ee- phas e l oad ban ks : 80% at temperatures < 31°C decreasing linearly to 50% at
Resistive, inductive and capacitive 40°C

Other controls and instrumentation: Sound Levels

• Phase angle meter for single-phase and three-phase Less than 70 dB(A)
• Fault switch
• Single-phase and three-phase selectable capacitor
banks for p and T networks
• Switchable neutral from transformer secondary
Protection relay:
Overcurrent relay

TecQuipment Ltd, Bonsall Street, long eaton, Nottingham NG10 2AN, UK

tecqu ipment. c o m +4 4 115 972 2611 [email protected]

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