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    Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 using a microscope. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek later made advancements to microscopy that allowed him to observe single-celled microorganisms. In the 1830s-1840s, Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann proposed that all living things are composed of cells, forming the basis of the cell theory. Rudolf Virchow later contributed to the cell theory by emphasizing that cells only come from pre-existing cells. The 20th century witnessed major discoveries related to DNA and its structure, as well as the development of techniques like cell culture and recombinant DNA technology that revolutionized biology. Stem cell research in the 21st century has deepened our

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    Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 using a microscope. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek later made advancements to microscopy that allowed him to observe single-celled microorganisms. In the 1830s-1840s, Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann proposed that all living things are composed of cells, forming the basis of the cell theory. Rudolf Virchow later contributed to the cell theory by emphasizing that cells only come from pre-existing cells. The 20th century witnessed major discoveries related to DNA and its structure, as well as the development of techniques like cell culture and recombinant DNA technology that revolutionized biology. Stem cell research in the 21st century has deepened our

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    Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 using a microscope. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek later made advancements to microscopy that allowed him to observe single-celled microorganisms. In the 1830s-1840s, Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann proposed that all living things are composed of cells, forming the basis of the cell theory. Rudolf Virchow later contributed to the cell theory by emphasizing that cells only come from pre-existing cells. The 20th century witnessed major discoveries related to DNA and its structure, as well as the development of techniques like cell culture and recombinant DNA technology that revolutionized biology. Stem cell research in the 21st century has deepened our

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    19 views2 pages

    Untitled Document

    Uploaded by

    Shani Bergonio
    Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 using a microscope. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek later made advancements to microscopy that allowed him to observe single-celled microorganisms. In the 1830s-1840s, Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann proposed that all living things are composed of cells, forming the basis of the cell theory. Rudolf Virchow later contributed to the cell theory by emphasizing that cells only come from pre-existing cells. The 20th century witnessed major discoveries related to DNA and its structure, as well as the development of techniques like cell culture and recombinant DNA technology that revolutionized biology. Stem cell research in the 21st century has deepened our

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    of 2

    SHANEI NICOLE BERGONIO

    GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

    DISCOVERY OF CELL TIMELINE

    1665: Robert English scientist Robert Hooke used a compound microscope to examine a thin
    Hooke's slice of cork and described the small, box-like structures he observed as "cells."
    Microscopic This marked the first recorded use of the term "cell."
    Observations
    1674: Antonie
    van Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek made significant advancements in
    Leeuwenhoek's microscopy, allowing him to observe single-celled microorganisms, such as
    Microscopic bacteria and protozoa.
    Discoveries:
    1838-1839:
    Matthias Matthias Schleiden, a German botanist, proposed that all plants are composed of
    Schleiden and cells. Shortly thereafter, Theodor Schwann, a German physiologist, extended this
    Theodor idea to animals, suggesting that all living organisms are made up of cells. This
    Schwann's Cell formed the basis of the cell theory.
    Theory:
    In 1855, Rudolf Virchow, a German physician, pathologist, and biologist, made a
    1855: Rudolf significant contribution to the cell theory with his principle of "omnis cellula e
    Virchow's cellula," which translates to "every cell arises from a cell." Virchow's contribution
    Contribution to to the cell theory emphasised the concept that cells do not spontaneously generate
    the Cell Theory: but instead originate from pre-existing cells.

    In 1865, Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk and scientist, published his


    1865: Gregor groundbreaking work titled "Experiments on Plant Hybridization." In this
    Mendel's Laws publication, Mendel described his experiments with pea plants, in which he
    of Inheritance: carefully tracked the inheritance patterns of specific traits over multiple
    generations. This work laid the foundation for what is now known as Mendel's
    Laws of Inheritance or Mendelian Genetics.

    1882: Robert In 1882, Robert Koch, a German physician and microbiologist, formulated a set of
    Koch's postulates that came to be known as Koch's Postulates. These postulates provided
    Postulates: a systematic approach for identifying the causative agents of infectious diseases
    and played a significant role in the development of the field of microbiology and
    our understanding of infectious diseases.
    1950s: James In the 1950s, specifically in 1953, James D. Watson and Francis H.C. Crick, two
    Watson and scientists from the United States and the United Kingdom, respectively, made one
    Francis Crick's of the most groundbreaking discoveries in the history of biology: they elucidated
    DNA Structure: the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the molecule that carries genetic
    information in living organisms.
    1950s-1960s: In the early 1950s, Leonard Hayflick and Paul Moorhead developed the first
    Development of continuous cell line, known as the WI-38 cell line. This line consisted of human
    Cell Culture embryonic lung cells and was instrumental in vaccine production and various
    Techniques: research applications.
    1960s-1970s: The 1960s and 1970s were a period of significant progress in the discovery of
    Discovery of enzymes and their functions. Enzymes are biological molecules that act as
    Enzymes and catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions within cells. In the early 1960s, scientists
    Protein discovered restriction enzymes, which are enzymes that can cut DNA at specific
    Functions: recognition sites. This discovery was crucial for the development of recombinant
    DNA technology and genetic engineering. Thomas Cech and Sidney Altman
    independently discovered ribozymes, which are RNA molecules with enzymatic
    activity. This discovery challenged the long-standing belief that enzymes were
    exclusively proteins.
    1970s-1980s: The 1970s and 1980s were a transformative period in the field of molecular biology
    Introduction of with the introduction of recombinant DNA technology. This revolutionary
    Recombinant development allowed scientists to manipulate and engineer DNA in ways that were
    DNA previously unimaginable, leading to numerous breakthroughs in genetics,
    Technology: biotechnology, and medicine. Paul Berg, Herbert Boyer, and Stanley Cohen were
    among the pioneering scientists who developed methods to cut DNA using
    restriction enzymes and then ligate (join) different DNA fragments together. This
    allowed for the creation of recombinant DNA molecules, which combined genetic
    material from different sources.
    20th Century: The 20th century witnessed significant discoveries related to cell organelles, which
    Discovery of Cell are specialised structures within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions.
    Organelles: The invention and refinement of electron microscopy in the 1930s and 1940s
    allowed scientists to visualise cellular structures in much greater detail than was
    possible with light microscopes. This led to the discovery of several organelles.
    Late 20th The late 20th century was a remarkable period of advancements in molecular
    Century: biology and genetics, marked by numerous groundbreaking discoveries and
    Molecular developments that have had a profound impact on our understanding of life,
    Biology and genetics, and biotechnology. The development of DNA sequencing technologies,
    Genetic such as Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing, enabled the
    Discoveries: sequencing of entire genomes, including the Human Genome Project, completed in
    2003.
    The 21st century has seen remarkable advances in cell research, driven by
    cutting-edge technologies and interdisciplinary collaboration. These
    21st Century: advancements have deepened our understanding of cellular biology, physiology,
    Advances in Cell and the molecular mechanisms underlying health and disease.The discovery and
    Research: characterization of various types of stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem
    cells (iPSCs), has revolutionised regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
    Researchers are exploring their potential for treating a wide range of diseases and
    injuries.

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