Geography
Geography
Geography
Student Responses
Contents
Introduction 1
Short Open Response Questions 2
Calculate questions 8
Open response ‘explain’ questions 11
Open response ‘suggest’ questions 22
8 mark extended open response questions using ‘assess’,
‘evaluate’ and ‘examine’ 30
Fieldwork questions 57
GCSE Geography (9-1) Examiner Marked Student Responses
Introduction
This guide has been put together using student responses to our sample
assessment materials in GCSE (9-1) Geography A and B. For consistency
and comparability, we use the same question types, command words and
levels based mark schemes throughout our GCSE Geography (9-1) A and
B exam papers. The answers and examiner commentaries in this guide
can be used to show the standards across both specifications because the
assessments are comparable.
Questions will ramp in demand so that question parts that require higher-
order thinking skills and are worth the highest marks are used at the end
of each question.
Our command words are defined in our specifications and will remain the
same for the lifetime of the specification, see page references:
Questions will only ever use a single command word and command words
are used consistently across our question types and mark tariffs. Please
see page 19 of our GCSE (9-1), AS and A level Geography assessments
guide, which shows how our command words are linked to mark tariffs.
The command word ‘examine’ will only be used in specification A for the 8
mark extended open response questions and ‘assess’ and ‘evaluate’ will be
used in both specifications for the 8 mark extended open response
questions.
Mark schemes
The candidate has actually been awarded two marks for the
sentence included in the ‘Evidence 1’ section, “….the building has
overgrown vegetation (1) and smashed windows (1)”.
Whilst it is expected that the candidate would write one valid point
in each of the evidence sections, this ‘two-in-one’ approach is
acceptable.
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 2 marks.
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 1 mark.
The candidate gets a mark for the first evidence box – overgrown
vegetation (1) (but the crossed out text is not marked).
In the second evidence section, the candidate does provide a
legitimate consequence of deindustrialisation, but as this is not
clearly evident on the resource, does not gain credit.
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 3 marks.
The command word is ‘give’ which means that one mark is awarded for
each change – and no further development is required.
The candidate is awarded their first mark for, “use land-use maps” (1), but
no further credit for the description about how these could be used. The
second mark is awarded for the reference to Google Earth (an example of
GIS) (1) and the third mark for, “… could also use graphs of employment
and unemployment” (1).
The candidate has given ‘use satellite images’ (1), but no further
mark is awarded for the development of this idea because the
command is ‘give’.
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 3 marks.
This candidate has used bullet-points in their answer; this is fine for
this type of response, but could possibly limit the SPaG marks
available on the later, extended writing questions.
Mark scheme
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 2 marks.
The candidate is awarded the first mark for the correct addition of the
total GDP (1), although there is no requirement to write out all of the
data like this candidate has done.
The second mark is awarded for arriving at the correct answer, and
being able to write this to one decimal place (1).
The candidate has correctly calculated the total GDP (1); however,
despite dividing this by the correct number, is not awarded a
second mark because they have failed to write the answer to one
decimal place.
Mark scheme
Mark scheme
Mark scheme
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 2 marks. The candidate has identified a
farming activity - cutting trees down (1) and has then explained why
this affects the landscape - decline of plant species (1).
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 1 mark. The candidate has identified a
farming activity which affects the landscape - dig up land to plant
crops (1) but has not developed this point by offering any
explanation as to why this affects the landscape. The idea about
‘eating the grass’ is not worthy of credit.
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 1 mark.
Mark scheme
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 2 marks.
The candidate has made a point about the location of the rip rap (1)
and has explained why this protects the coastline by absorbing wave
energy (1). Although there is additional information about protecting
the coastline the maximum marks have already been awarded.
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 1 mark.
The candidate has identified that rip rap is placed in front of the
town/ sea wall (1 mark) but has not developed this point to explain
why it protects the coastline.
Examiner´s comments
This answer is not worth any marks. The candidate has confused rip
rap with groynes and there is not any credit worthy material in the
answer.
Mark scheme
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 3 marks.
The candidate makes the initial point that there is more rainfall in
the west (1) followed by two linked points; the first about the wind
picking up moisture over the sea (1) and further development
linking the rising air/ condensation to higher rainfall (1).
The candidate has identified two relevant points about the impact of
the prevailing wind on the UK’s weather (rainfall and temperature).
However, only 1 mark is available for the basic impact so double
credit cannot be given here. A second mark is given for the
development point about temperature. This would need to be further
developed to gain maximum marks.
Examiner´s comments
This response is not creditworthy and has been awarded 0 marks.
While both points are lifted from the resource, the candidate has not
made any links to the prevailing wind direction and not tried to
explain why it is cold at this location.
Mark scheme
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 4 marks.
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 2 marks.
Mark scheme
Mark scheme
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 2 marks.
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 4 marks.
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 2 marks.
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 1 mark.
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 2 marks.
Mark scheme
Indicative content
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 5 marks
Indicative content
Mark scheme
This candidate has opted to write their evaluation at the end of their
answer – which is fine, but equally acceptable is the on-going
evaluation shown in exemplar 1.
Overall, it was judged that this response lacked the balanced argument
required for top of band, and therefore was awarded 7 marks.
Indicative content
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded worth 8 marks. This response reaches the
top of Level 3 because the candidate has focused on the command
word ‘examine’ and has both described and explained the physical
processes which work together to form a spit. A range of
information has been used from the resource including:
- direction of the prevailing wind
- direction of sediment movement
- change in direction of the coastline
- fast flowing river (from north to south)
As with the 8 mark response above, this candidate has not used all
the evidence from the resource and it is important again to note that
the key is how the information is used rather than just listing
evidence from the resource.
46 © Pearson Education Ltd 2015.
GCSE Geography (9-1) Examiner Marked Student Responses
This candidate has also made links between physical processes and
has, overall, written a balanced, well-developed account.
However, this response does not get to the top of Level 3 because
some of the links between the evidence from the resource and the
physical processes at work are not as clearly stated as in the 8 mark
response above. For instance, while this candidate does identify the
role of swash and backwash in moving sediments along the beach and
then goes onto to write about the prevailing wind (end of the first
paragraph) the link between these two elements is not made.
It is important to note that as the command word is ‘examine’,
ongoing judgements or a final conclusion are not required.
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 4 marks. Although the candidate has
explained the role of longshore drift in the formation of a spit – and
has made links to prevailing wind direction – the answer could have
been completed without the aid of the diagram. In this case, all the
marks have been awarded for the AO3 component and no marks
have been awarded for AO4. Both aspects of the mark scheme (AO3
and A04) need to be addressed at least in part to be gain entry into
Level 2.
Indicative content
Examiner´s comments
This response has been awarded 7 marks in total.
5 marks have been awarded for the AO2 and AO3 parts. The
candidate has written a reasonably balanced approach which
addresses both ecosystems. The answer does demonstrate
understanding of some of the key concepts and connections
between cause and effect. There have been attempts to make
judgements, particularly at the end of the second paragraph.
Examiner´s comments
This response has been awarded 3 marks in total. 2 marks have
been awarded for the AO2 and AO3 parts.
1 mark has been awarded for SPGST. The spelling and punctuation
is usually accurate although there are some mistakes. The grammar
is of a reasonable standard and errors do not affect the overall
meaning. The candidate has used some specialist terms.
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 8 marks.
Fieldwork questions
My first conclusion for my investigation was the velocity of the River Ure
increased from four equally spaced sites from source (site 1) to mouth
(site 4).
The first data collection technique I conducted was to measure the
velocity of the river. One of the problems when calculating the velocity is
we used different sized floats at each of the sample sites; this is
something that may have affected our results because a larger/heavier
would have led to a slower velocity reading and therefore would may have
skewed the results to show an increase in velocity downstream if lighter
floats had been used at sites 3 and 4. This means that if lighter floats had
been used at sites 3 and 4, the conclusion could have been that velocity
decreases with distance downstream instead. On reflection, it would we
could have reached a more reliable conclusion had we used identical floats
(e.g. biodegradable dog biscuits) at each site – and repeated the method
at each site 5 times so that we could arrive at a median result which
would eliminate external influences such as a gust of wind.
My second conclusion for my investigation was the width of the River Ure
increased from site 1 to 4.The data collection technique used to measure
the width and depth was a measuring tape. One of the problems with this
technique was ensuring that the tape measure was tight to each side of
the river bank to ensure we got an accurate measurement. At sites 1 and
2 the river was flowing faster and there was more wind, which shifted the
middle of the tape down the river so we measured a curve. This could
have affected the reliability of my conclusion because at the sites further
downstream, we measured the width straight across the river channel,
which would have provided accurate width measurement; however,
further upstream at sites 1 and 2, the width readings may have been
inaccurately larger due to flaws in the measuring technique. Therefore,
the conclusion that width increases downstream from sites 1 to 4 may be
unreliable as the results have been influence by external factors such as
velocity and wind speed.
Overall, it was judged that the response did have the depth of the
candidate’s own evidence to support the judgements required for top of
band, and was therefore awarded full marks.
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 2 marks.
Example 2 – Question 2c
Mark scheme
Mark scheme
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 3 marks.
The candidate has identified a clear reason for why the students
chose to use a stratified sampling approach (1) with clear
development of that reason, so that visible changes in beach
angle are measured through using the phrases ‘this enabled
them’ and ‘therefore’ (1) and acknowledges a weakness of an
alternative sampling technique (1).
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 1 mark.
Examiner´s comments
This response is awarded 4 marks.
This response gets into Level 2 as both the methods and findings
have been considered and some links made, but these ideas need to
be developed more fully to move the answer to the top of Level 2.