Chiong - Activity #5

Exercise No.
5
Poisoning from Household Products
I. Objectives:
At the end of the exercise, the students should be able to:
1. Identify the potential toxic content of household chemicals.
2. Describe the physico-chemical properties of the toxic ingredient
3. Discuss the mechanism of toxicity of the identified toxic ingredient
4. State the appropriate management, treatment and prevention of the manifested
clinical signs and symptoms of the product
Activity
1. Illustrate (5) different household chemical
.
SAMPLE PICTURE 1 INFORMATION

a. active ingredient: Sodium hypochlorite
b. trade name: Clorox bleach
c. manufacturer’s name: Procter &

Gamble
d. uses: Disinfectant
e. toxic effects: Causes significant eye

irritation and irritates the mouth and throat
f. Management/antidote: Treatment
focuses on removing the chlorine from the
body as quickly as possible, which may
involve the use of medication or activated
charcoal.
a. active ingredient: Insecticide
b. trade name: Baygon
c. manufacturer’s name: SC Johnson
d. uses: To kill mosquitoes
e. toxic effects: Long-term exposure to

mosquito coil smoke increases the risk of
more serious health
f. Management/antidote: No specific
antidote

a. active ingredient: A complex mixture of
paraffins(55.2%), naphthenes (40.9%),
and aromatic hydrocarbons (3.9%).
b. trade name: Tiger
c. manufacturer’s name: Tiger Brands Ltd
d. uses: Cooking, lighting, and heating
e. toxic effects: Induction of inflammation,

loss of effectiveness of pulmonary
surfactants, hypoxia, production of highly
reactive oxidative metabolites, extraction
of endogenous epidermal and membrane
lipids, necrosis, hormonal and enzymatic
levels changes, and immunosuppression.
f. Management/antidote: Mainstay of
treatment for kerosene poisoning is
supportive care.

a. active ingredient: Nitrocellulose
b. trade name: OMG nail polish
c. manufacturer’s name: Ming mei

cosmetics
d. uses: Nail polish
e. toxic effects: Harmful effects include

damage to the eyes and skin. For
long-term effects can be damage to the
nervous and respiratory systems.
f. Management/antidote: For
management, Give water and small
snacks to help reduce taste and upset
stomach for in mouth or eaten. In skin,
wash with soap and water. In eyes, flush
eyes with room temperature water for at
least 15 minutes.
a. active ingredient: Boric acid
b. trade name: Boric acid
c. manufacturer’s name: Quiborax
d. uses: Algaecides for swimming pool,

bacteriostats for use in applying to
absorbent materials, insecticides for mop,
spot and crack and crevice treatment in
home, residential, industrial, institutional,
etc.
e. toxic effects: People who have eaten

boric acid have had nausea, vomiting,
stomach aches, and diarrhea.
f. Management/antidote: No specific
antidote
Questions:
1. Differentiate the signs and symptoms associated with toxic alcohol exposures:
ethylene glycol, isopropanol, and methanol
Ethylene glycol
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Convulsions
- Stupor(decreased level of alertness)
Isopropanol
- Stomach pain
- Confusion
- Dizziness
- Slowed breathing
Methanol
- Drowsiness
- A reduced level of consciousness(CNS depression)
- Confusion
- Headache
- Ataxia
2. What are the active chemicals found in the following cosmetics?
a. Cold wave lotion - Ammonium thioglycolate ammonium thioglycolate

b. Face powder - Talc
c. Temporary and permanent hair dyes - Hydrogen peroxide
d. Cuticle remover - Vitamin E
e. Hair spray - Polymers (i.g Polyquaternium 4 or Polyquaternium 22), plasticizers,
luster agents, fragrances, and propellants.
3. List down at least 5 examples of representatives activated charcoal products for

treatment of poisoning and provide description for each of the product (e.g., trade name,
and available strength or formula)
-
Charcocaps
Charcocaps is used to treat certain types of chemical poisonings. Charcocaps has also
been used in alternative medicine as an aid in treating gas and indigestion.
EZChar
EZChar is a processed form of common charcoal that contains pores that can trap other
chemicals and prevent them from being absorbed by the body. This is used to treat
certain types of chemical poisonings. EZChar has also been used in alternative
medicine as an aid in treating gas and indigestion.
Actidose-Aqua
Actidose-Aqua is a processed form of common charcoal that contains pores that can
trap other chemicals and prevent them from being absorbed by the body.This is used to
treat certain types of chemical poisonings and it has also been used in alternative
medicine as an aid in treating gas and indigestion.
Liqui-Char
is a substance that is often used to treat dogs and cats that have toxicity or are
suspected of having toxicity. It is used to get rid of any accidental "drugs" or "toxins" that
were taken.
Optimum Charcoal
Optimum Charcoal is a processed form of common charcoal that contains pores that
can trap other chemicals and prevent them from being absorbed by the body. It is also
used to treat certain types of chemical poisonings. Optimum Charcoal has also been
used in alternative medicine as an aid in treating gas and indigestion.
4. List down at least 5 examples of hazardous substances found in your kitchen/laundry

area, toilet/bathroom/basement storage
- Flammable
- Pesticides
- Disinfectants
- Paint
- Automotive products
5. Household insecticides are mainly carbamates and pyrethrum compounds.
Organophosphates are usually involved in significant poisonings, while carbamates
produce similar but less severe effects. Differentiate the clinical manifestation of
muscarinic and nicotinic effects as a result of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.
- In muscarinic, several parasympathetic nervous system activities are mediated

by muscarinic receptors. They bind acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. This leads
to exocrine secretion. Muscarinics also regulate heart rate, central nervous
system activity, pupil miosis, and other bodily functions. In nicotine, nicotine acts
by attaching to acetylcholine receptors in the nervous system. Acetylcholine is a
signaling molecule that the body uses for a many function, including allowing
neurons to interact with muscles. Nicotine functions as a toxin by activating
receptors and paralyzing muscles by overexciting muscle fibers. Nicotine binds to
cholinergic receptors in the human brain. Nicotine is a recreational substance
because it provides a variety of positive effects on mood and attentiveness. Yet,
activating those acetylcholine receptors in the brain causes dopamine release.
Addiction is connected with high dopamine levels.

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Exercise No.

SAMPLE PICTURE 1 INFORMATION

b. trade name: Clorox bleach

c. manufacturer’s name: Procter &

e. toxic effects: Causes significant eye

b. trade name: Baygon

c. manufacturer’s name: SC Johnson

d. uses: To kill mosquitoes

e. toxic effects: Long-term exposure to

SAMPLE PICTURE 3 INFORMATION

b. trade name: Tiger

c. manufacturer’s name: Tiger Brands Ltd

d. uses: Cooking, lighting, and heating

e. toxic effects: Induction of inflammation,

SAMPLE PICTURE 4 INFORMATION

b. trade name: OMG nail polish

c. manufacturer’s name: Ming mei

d. uses: Nail polish

e. toxic effects: Harmful effects include

b. trade name: Boric acid

c. manufacturer’s name: Quiborax

d. uses: Algaecides for swimming pool,

e. toxic effects: People who have eaten

2. What are the active chemicals found in the following cosmetics?

a. Cold wave lotion - Ammonium thioglycolate ammonium thioglycolate

3. List down at least 5 examples of representatives activated charcoal products for

4. List down at least 5 examples of hazardous substances found in your kitchen/laundry

- In muscarinic, several parasympathetic nervous system activities are mediated

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