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    Swami Vivekananda Institute of Science &: Technology

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    amit Bera
    Flynn's classification categorizes computer architectures based on their ability to process instruction and data streams simultaneously. There are four categories: single-instruction single-data (SISD), single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD), multiple-instruction single-data (MISD), and multiple-instruction multiple-data (MIMD). SISD can only process one instruction and one data stream at a time, while MIMD can process multiple instructions on multiple data streams simultaneously, providing the most parallelism. Flynn's taxonomy provides a framework for understanding different architectures' parallel capabilities and performance characteristics.

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    Swami Vivekananda Institute of Science &: Technology

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    amit Bera
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    Flynn's classification categorizes computer architectures based on their ability to process instruction and data streams simultaneously. There are four categories: single-instruction single-data (SISD), single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD), multiple-instruction single-data (MISD), and multiple-instruction multiple-data (MIMD). SISD can only process one instruction and one data stream at a time, while MIMD can process multiple instructions on multiple data streams simultaneously, providing the most parallelism. Flynn's taxonomy provides a framework for understanding different architectures' parallel capabilities and performance characteristics.

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    Flynn's classification categorizes computer architectures based on their ability to process instruction and data streams simultaneously. There are four categories: single-instruction single-data (SISD), single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD), multiple-instruction single-data (MISD), and multiple-instruction multiple-data (MIMD). SISD can only process one instruction and one data stream at a time, while MIMD can process multiple instructions on multiple data streams simultaneously, providing the most parallelism. Flynn's taxonomy provides a framework for understanding different architectures' parallel capabilities and performance characteristics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views8 pages

    Swami Vivekananda Institute of Science &: Technology

    Uploaded by

    amit Bera
    Flynn's classification categorizes computer architectures based on their ability to process instruction and data streams simultaneously. There are four categories: single-instruction single-data (SISD), single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD), multiple-instruction single-data (MISD), and multiple-instruction multiple-data (MIMD). SISD can only process one instruction and one data stream at a time, while MIMD can process multiple instructions on multiple data streams simultaneously, providing the most parallelism. Flynn's taxonomy provides a framework for understanding different architectures' parallel capabilities and performance characteristics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 8

    Swami Vivekananda Institute of Science &

    Technology
    Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to MAKAUT & WBSCTE | NAAC Accredited |
    ISO 9001:2008 Certified

    Name of the examination: CA-2

    Topic: Report on Flynn's classification


    Subject Name: Computer Architecture
    Subject Code: EC502

    Name: HASANUR KHAN


    University Roll No. :24130322053

    Department: ECE

    Year (Semester):3rd / 5th


    INTRODUCTION:
    Parallel computing is computing where the jobs are broken
    into discrete parts that can be executed concurrently. Each part
    is further broken down into a series of instructions. Instructions
    from each piece execute simultaneously on different CPUs. The
    breaking up of different parts of a task among
    multiple processors will help to reduce the amount of time to
    run a program. Parallel systems deal with the simultaneous
    use of multiple computer resources that can include a single
    computer with multiple processors, a number of computers
    connected by a network to form a parallel processing cluster,
    or a combination of both. Parallel systems are more difficult to
    program than computers with a single processor because the
    architecture of parallel computers varies accordingly and the
    processes of multiple CPUs must be coordinated and
    synchronized. The difficult problem of parallel processing is
    portability.
    An Instruction Stream is a sequence of instructions that are
    read from memory. Data Stream is the operations performed
    on the data in the processor.
    Flynn’s classification is a classification scheme for computer
    architectures proposed by Michael Flynn in 1966. The
    classification is based on the number of instruction streams and
    data streams that can be processed simultaneously by a
    computer architecture.
    FLYNN'S CLASSIFICATION:
    Flynn’s classification is a useful tool for understanding
    different types of computer architectures and their strengths
    and weaknesses. The taxonomy highlights the importance of
    parallelism in modern computing and shows how different
    types of parallelism can be exploited to improve performance.

    systems are classified into four major categories:


    1.Single-instruction, single-data (SISD) systems –

    A SISD computing system is a uniprocessor


    machine that is capable of executing a single instruction,
    operating on a single data stream. In SISD, machine
    instructions are processed in a sequential manner and
    computers adopting this model are popularly called
    sequential computers. Most conventional computers
    have SISD architecture. All the instructions and data to
    be processed have to be stored in primary memory. The
    speed of the processing element in the SISD model is
    limited(dependent) by the rate at which the computer
    can transfer information internally. Dominant
    representative SISD systems are IBM PC, and
    workstations.
    2.Single-instruction, multiple-data (SIMD) systems –

    A SIMD system is a multiprocessor machine


    capable of executing the same instruction on all the
    CPUs but operating on different data streams. Machines
    based on a SIMD model are well suited to scientific
    computing since they involve lots of vector and matrix
    operations. So that the information can be passed to all
    the processing elements (PEs) organized data elements
    of vectors can be divided into multiple sets (N-sets for
    N PE systems) and each PE can process one data
    set. Dominant representative SIMD systems are Cray’s
    vector processing machines.
    3.Multiple-instruction, single-data (MISD) systems –
    A MISD computing system is a multiprocessor
    machine capable of executing different instructions on
    different PEs but all of them operate on the same
    dataset. Example Z = sin(x)+cos(x)+tan(x) The system
    performs different operations on the same data set.
    Machines built using the MISD model are not useful in
    most applications, a few machines are built, but none of
    them are available commercially.
    4.Multiple-instruction, multiple-data (MIMD) systems –

    An MIMD system is a multiprocessor machine


    that is capable of executing multiple instructions on
    multiple data sets. Each PE in the MIMD model has
    separate instruction and data streams; therefore,
    machines built using this model are capable of any
    application. Unlike SIMD and MISD machines, PEs in
    MIMD machines work asynchronously. MIMD machines
    are broadly categorized into shared-memory
    MIMD and distributed-memory MIMD based on the
    way PEs are coupled to the main memory. In the shared
    memory MIMD model (tightly coupled multiprocessor
    systems), all the PEs are connected to a single global
    memory and they all have access to it. The

    communication between PEs in this model takes place


    through the shared memory, modification of the data
    stored in the global memory by one PE is visible to all
    other PEs. The dominant representative shared memory
    MIMD systems are Silicon Graphics machines and
    Sun/IBM’s SMP (Symmetric Multi-Processing).
    In Distributed memory MIMD machines (loosely
    coupled multiprocessor systems) all PEs have a local
    memory. The communication between PEs in this model
    takes place through the interconnection network (the
    inter-process communication channel, or IPC The
    shared-memory MIMD architecture is easier to program
    but is less tolerant to failures and harder to extend with
    respect to the distributed memory MIMD model.

    CONCLUSION:
    Flynn's Taxonomy provides a conceptual framework for
    understanding the parallelism and concurrency
    capabilities of different computer architectures. It is
    particularly valuable for classifying and comparing the
    performance characteristics of various systems in terms
    of their ability to execute instructions and process data
    simultaneously. While the boundaries between these
    categories have blurred with advances in computer
    architecture, Flynn's Taxonomy remains a foundational
    concept in the field and is essential for discussing
    parallelism and concurrency in computing systems.

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