UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE, What is Technology?

Combination of two Greek word “techne” means art, craftmanship,

TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY skill. “logos” means reason, study, “to speak of”, discuss

Technology is the application of scientific knowledge

CONCEPT OF SCIENCE
- There is no individual that can exactly identify when and where SCIENCE: knowledge about or study of the natural world based on
science began facts learned through experiments and observation. TECHNOLOGY:
- The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language Science or Knowledge put into practical use to solve problems or
(2004) defines science as: invent useful tools.
"The observation, identification, description, experimental
investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena." SCIENCE VS TECHNOLOGY
- Science is also construed as a form of social language - Basic Enterprise - Applied Enterprise
- Science as an Idea - Understand natural - Involves design of
= It comprises ideas, beliefs, theories, and all systematic phenomenon and to product and systems that
reasons arrange these ideas into affect the quality of life
- Science as a Personal and Social Activity ordered knowledge
= It includes activities of human beings to acquire better
understanding of the world. how is science used in technology?
- Science as Course or Field of Study - Science is the pursuit of knowledge about the natural world
= It includes activities of human beings to acquire better through systematic observation and experiments. Through
understanding of the world. science, we develop new technologies.
- Science as an Intellectual Activity - Scientists use technology in all their experiments
= It includes activities of human beings to acquire better
understanding of the world. What is the relationship of science and technology?
- Technology applies the scientific knowledge for practical use
What is SCIENCE? - Scientists use technology in all their experiments
- Greek word: “Scientia” – knowledge
Systematic way of organizing knowledge WHAT IS SOCIETY
Systematic is a step-by-step procedure - Society is group of people with common territory, interaction,
Scientific method = procedure to follow and culture.
Steps in scientific method
1. Observation What is SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, and SOCIETY?
2. Question - Science, Technology and Society (STS) is an interdisciplinary field
3. Hypothesis that studies the conditions under which the production, distribution
4. Experiment and utilization of scientific knowledge and technological systems
5. Analysis occur; the consequences of these activities upon different groups of
6. Conclusion people.
7. Share your answer
Science influences society through its knowledge and world view.
 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION & INTELLECTUAL INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION
REVOLUTION
THAT DEFINED SOCIETY

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
- asserted to have commenced in early 16th century up to the
18th century in Europe.
- triggered by the Invention of the printing machines. done
by scholars in different places.
- Scholars in Europe pursued different questions and issues Greek speculation about “nature” Known as “Pre-Socratic” or
that are interesting and relevant to all people. “non-theological” or “first philosophy”
- The histories of science, technology, medicine, mathematics, Three characteristics of this philosophy
and other disciplines confirm that all civilizations of the ancient 1. The world is a natural whole
world had their own unique and sophisticated traditions, 2. There is a natural ‘order’
beliefs, and practices related to these disciplines. 3. Humans can ‘discover’ those laws.
- Scientific revolution is an era of enlightenment and
intellectualization that nurtured the developments
- Scientific revolution is a golden age for the people
committed to principles of science.

- Scientists are ordinary people doing extraordinary things for

humankind.
- Despite all the predicaments and challenges they experienced,
they never stopped experimenting, theorizing, and discovering
new knowledge and ideas.

THREE NOTABLE SCIENTISTS

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS

- One of the Renaissance men in science

- Copernicus resembled the Greek ancient philosophers or
thinkers by doing nothing extensive such as observing
heavenly bodies or inviting people to validate his ideas.
- Upon finishing his doctorate degree, he was appointed as
canon at Frombork Cathedral in Poland.
- In 1500s, Copernicus' idea and model of the universe was
fundamentally completed.
- Later, he disseminated a summary of his works to his few SIGMUND FREUD
close friends in a manuscript called Commmentariolus (Little
Commentary). - Freud is famous in the field of psychology.
- The publication of his book De revolutionibus orbium - Rosenfels (1980) described him as:
coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) in "A towering literary figure and a very talented who did his share to
1543 is often cited as the start of the scientific revolution. raise the consciousness of the civilized world in psychological
- he presented a model of the universe in which everything matters."
moved around a particular center at consistent rate - Freud also made a substantial contribution to the scientific
- Copernicus was a man of courage. world through the development of an important method to
gather dependable data to study human behavior popularly
CHARLES DARWIN known as psychoanalysis.
- Freud was not a conventional thinker.
- prominent for his theory of evolution
- changed our concept of the world's creation and its
evolution. Johnson (2012) described Darwin as:
"A genius who came from a line of
intellectually gifted and wealthy family."
- He would devote time observing the surroundings while
collecting specimen and reading books in his father's
library.
- he was observed to be unexceptional compared to other
students.
- life soon transformed when one of his professors endorsed
him to join a five-year expedition through the HMS Beagle
on the Islands of Galapagos.
- In 1589, Darwin published his book The Origin of Species
- His book presented pieces of evidence on how species
evolved over time.
- His book, The Descent of Man, was impressive yet very - According to Weiner (2016), his method of psychoanalysis
controversial. was verified to be successful in understanding neurological
- He made major contributions on evolutionary biology and conditions that were not known to medicine during his time.
philosophy of science. - Freud was born in a much later period than the scientific
revolution, but his Impact on knowledge could be found in
many aspects of the human scene, involving art, literature,
philosophy, politics, and psychotherapy.
- Whether he is more of a psychologist or a scientist is for
people to decide.
- The fact remains that Freudian ideas and theories are still
considered today as a brilliant motivation to study human mind
and behavior in a more scientifically, accepted way.
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE
ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS
- Terms to describe history and culture prior to the early people.
- Achievements in art, mathematics, literature, and architecture
from those still influence the modern world