CONVERSION:

Length: 1 mm = 0.04 inch

Pressure: 1 at = 14.7 psi
1 at =
1 MPa = 145 psi
1 bar = 14.5 psi
Temperature: T(F) = T(C) x 1.8 + 32

DESIGN PRESSURE:
Structure:
Region: Denotation: Acronym: Meaning:
IS Internal shell
Inner shell H Internal head
B Internal bottom
Outer shell ES External shell
atmosphere

Note: saturated pressure is absolute pressure:

Case study: liquid - gas

Condition: Object: Type: Design pressure:
H Internal
No ES IS, B Internal
H Internal
Internal Choose
IS, B
External larger t
ES Internal
 H Internal
Internal Choose
IS, B
External larger t
ES External

Cases study: gas – gas

Condition: Object: Type: Design pressure:

IS, H, B Internal

IS, H, B External

IS, H, B Internal
ES Internal
H Internal
IS, B External
ES External
H Internal
IS, B Internal
ES External
H External
IS, B External
ES Internal

IS, H, B, ES External
 STRESS:

JOINT EFFICIENCY:
 STANDARD THICKNESS (mm):

MINIMUM THICKNESS (mm):

Minimum thickness of cylindrical shell:
400 1000 2000 4000
2 3 4 5
Minimum thickness of shell shell:
2000 4000 8000 12000
6 8 10 12
 INTERNAL PRESSURE OF SHELL:
Step 1: Checking
Step 2: calculate thickness:
Thickness
Circumferential stress Longitudinal stress

Cylindrical shell

Spherical shell N/A

Step 3:

Compare

Step 4: Check MAWP:

MAWP
Circumferential stress Longitudinal stress

Cylindrical shell

Spherical shell

Choose

INTERNAL PRESSURE OF HEAD – BOTTOM:

Thickness of bottom – top head

Ellipsoidal

Conical

Hemispherical
 Torispherical

Planar √

Toriconical
(choose larger)

Check Maximum Allowable Working Pressure:

MAWP:

Ellipsoidal

Conical

Hemispherical

Torispherical

Planar

Toriconical
(choose larger)
 EXTERNAL PRESSURE OF CYLINDRICAL SHELL:
Step 1: calculate L

Step 2: calculate :
Assume (calculated from internal thickness procedure)
Step 3: determine A: (p.283)

Step 4: determine B: (p.291)

Step 5: calculate :

Step 6: checking:
If : increase t
If : choose t
EXTERNAL PRESSURE OF SPHERICAL SHELL:
Step 1: calculate L

Step 2: calculate :
Assume (calculated from internal thickness procedure)
Step 3: determine A: (p.283)
Step 4: determine B: (p. 291)
Step 5: calculate :

If B cannot be determined (E determine at p. 277):

Step 6: checking:
If : increase t
If : choose t

EXTERNAL PRESSURE OF TORISPHERICAL HEAD, ELLIPSOIDAL HEAD:

Step 1: calculate :

And then

Step 2: determine A:

Step 3: determine B:
Step 4: calculate :

Step 5: checking:
If : increase t
If : choose t

EXTERNAL PRESSURE OF CONICAL HEAD:

Step 1: calculate :

( )

Step 2: calculate :

Step 3: Checking
Calculate and and compare with 4:

If : lookup A from (p.283)

If < 4: determine A:

( )
( )

Step 4: determine B: (p.291)

Step 5: calculate :
Compare with 10:

If : determine p:

( )

If < 10: determine p:

([ ] [ ])
( ) ( ) ( )

Step 6: checking:
If : increase t
If : choose t