Res 100

Malayan Colleges of Laguna
School of Architecture
ARC162
PLANNING 2: FUNDAMENTALS OF URBAN DESIGN
AND COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE
RE: 100
Submitted by:
Danilo A. Sadaya Jr.

A71
Dated Submitted:
Submitted to:
Ar. Don G. De Vera, Uap
Table of contents
Contents
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1
Key aspect of Urbanist..........................................................................................................................1
1. Urban planning..........................................................................................................................2
2. Architecture and design............................................................................................................2
3. Transportation..........................................................................................................................3
4. Public spaces.............................................................................................................................3
5. Mixed-Use Development..........................................................................................................4
6. Sustainability.............................................................................................................................4
7. Density and Urban Form...........................................................................................................5
8. Social Equity-.............................................................................................................................5
9. Cultural Identity-.......................................................................................................................5
Sir Patrick Geddes.................................................................................................................................6
Contribution to Urban Design................................................................................................................7
Notable work....................................................................................................................................9
Charles Edourd Jeanneret...................................................................................................................10
Contribution to Urban Design..............................................................................................................11
Notable work..................................................................................................................................15
Homer Hoyt.........................................................................................................................................17
Notable work..................................................................................................................................21
Frank Lloyd Wright..............................................................................................................................22
Notable work..................................................................................................................................28
Daniel Burnham..................................................................................................................................34
Notable work..................................................................................................................................39
Felino Palafox Jr..................................................................................................................................43
Notable work..................................................................................................................................48
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................51
Introduction
Welcome to the fascinating field of urbanism, where the complex fabric of

urban life combines with the science of planning, the art of design, and the common
goals of communities. An urbanist is fundamentally a navigator of urban complexity,
someone committed to unraveling the urban mystery and conceiving of harmonious,
useful, and sustainable cityscapes.
Urbanists are more than just observers; they are responsible for shaping how cities
develop. These driven people have a rare combination of imagination, critical
thinking, and a deep comprehension of the nuances that constitute urban life. They
study the intersections of architecture, sociology, economics, and environmental
science, demonstrating a breadth of knowledge that transcends the bounds of any
one subject.
The city itself serves as an urbanist's canvas; it is a place where humanity, culture,
creativity, and history all coexist. They respect the layers of stories embedded inside
each street, building, and park as they research the past to gain knowledge for the
future. They work to realize the potential of metropolitan areas by establishing
settings that promote inclusivity, connectedness, and wellbeing for the various
people who live there.
In this investigation into "What is an Urbanist," we set out on a quest to comprehend

the crucial part that these forward-thinking individuals play in forming the cities of the
future. We dive into their goals, obstacles, and the revolutionary initiatives that bear
their names. Join us as we explore the fundamentals of urbanism and the significant
influence urbanists have on the dynamic urban story. In this research I will know
some Architect/ Urbanist that has a big contribute to Urban Architecture.
Key aspect of Urbanist

Urbanists participate in the process of urban planning, which entails developing
detailed plans growth of a city or town. This might include the zoning of land uses,
transit systems, parks and green areas, and other crucial components that enhance
the overall functionality and visual appeal of a city.
1 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna

1. Urban planning
Urban planning is the process of arranging and developing the physical
structure of cities and other urban areas. To design cohesive and effective
urban landscapes, planners consider variables like zoning, land use,
infrastructure development, and public spaces.
2. Architecture and design

The look and feel of a city are greatly influenced by the architectural design
and style of the structures in urban areas. Buildings with a good design can
improve the overall aesthetics and usability of urban areas.

3. Transportation
Cities must have efficient transportation systems to run smoothly. Urbanism
aims to build interconnected, effective networks of roadways, public
transportation, pedestrian walkways, and cycling infrastructure.
4. Public spaces
Public spaces like parks, plazas, and squares are valued by urbanism
because they offer places for gathering, recreation, and cultural activities. A
sense of community can be fostered and people' quality of life can be
enhanced through well-designed public areas.

5. Mixed-Use Development
This idea encourages the coexistence of residential, commercial, and
recreational areas in the same neighborhood. This strategy lessens the need
for lengthy travel and promotes walking.
6. Sustainability

Sustainable urbanism is concerned with building cities that are resource- and
environmentally-wise. This entails supporting sustainable building methods,
clean energy sources, waste minimization, and effective land usage.
7. Density and Urban Form

Urbanism considers the appropriate density of population and buildings to
ensure efficient land use, accessibility to services, and a balance between
urban expansion and preservation of open spaces.

8. Social Equity-
One of the most important aspects of urbanization is dealing with social
inequities. It entails building inclusive cities that give all citizens, regardless of
their socioeconomic status, equal access to resources, services, and
opportunities.
9. Cultural Identity-
Urbanism respects and advances the cultural identity and history of a city. A
city's distinctive identity can be preserved through preserving historic sites
and incorporating cultural elements into urban architecture.
Sir Patrick Geddes

Patrick Geddes is also known as “Father of Modern Town Planning”. Scottish
biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist, and innovative town designer Sir Patrick
Geddes was also. He is renowned for his creative thinking in the sociological and urban
planning disciplines.
He created the word "conurbation" and
introduced the idea of "region" to
architecture and planning. Geddes created
a novel method of regional and urban
planning that considers how people live
and interact with the natural surroundings
of the places and regions they call home.
Geddes used the landscapes of Edinburgh
and its surroundings to depict the part. The
first master city plan for Tel Aviv was the
Geddes Plan.

Geddes was hired by University College London to teach practical physiology, and in 1879
he went to Mexico to gather biological samples. He temporarily lost his sight while there,
which permanently impaired his vision. He developed his "thinking machines" at this time, a
means of visually displaying and combining facts and concepts to facilitate thought.
Geddes lived most of his life away from traditional academic settings. He seems to have
trouble putting his thoughts into writing. He did, however, have a talent for inspiring others
and putting his ideas into action.
Contribution to Urban Design

 Regional Planning and Contextual Analysis- Sir Geddes underlined the value
of comprehending the greater regional context of a city and its surrounds in
his lecture on regional planning and contextual analysis. He promoted a
comprehensive strategy that considered the interactions between urban,
suburban, and rural areas in addition to the city itself. This strategy, referred
to as regional planning, sought to produce a development pattern that was

more balanced and sustainable.
 City as an Organism- Sir Geddes' concept of a city as a living creature,

utilizing the analogy of biology to explain its growth and evolution, is well
known. He thought that cities, like living things, should change and adapt as
situations and requirements change. The interconnection of numerous urban
components and the dynamic nature of urban systems were both supported
by this point of view.
 Survey and Analysis- Sir Geddes stressed the value of performing exhaustive
surveys and assessments of a city's physical, social, economic, and cultural
characteristics. He thought that before making any design or development
decisions, planners should gather information to better comprehend the
current conditions. The basis for urban planning based on scientific facts was
laid by this data-driven methodology.

 Conservation and Conservative Surgery- Sir Geddes coined the phrase
"conservative surgery" to characterize his strategy for reviving metropolitan
areas. He was an advocate of preservation and utilizing existing structures
and infrastructure rather than arguing for complete demolition and
reconstruction. He believed that keeping historical and cultural features would
be beneficial for preserving continuity and a sense of place.
 Place-Centered Design- Sir Geddes emphasized the significance of creating

environments that catered to the requirements and tastes of their users. He
promoted the development of environments that were adaptive, practical, and
supportive of human wellbeing. His concepts helped establish the user-
centered design principles that are still useful in contemporary urban planning.
 Civic Participation and Engagement- Sir Geddes supported involving regional

communities in the planning process. He viewed citizens as active
contributors with significant insights and ideas that may help to determine the
future of their towns. This participatory method was innovative for its day and
is now a mainstay of contemporary urban planning techniques.
 Bioregionalism- Geddes supported bioregionalism, which advocates

considering the distinctive environmental qualities of a region when making
planning and design decisions. He promoted preserving the natural
environment and adjusting urban growth to the regional ecological context.
 Education and Advocacy- Beyond his direct planning work, Geddes was an
influential educator and writer. He founded the Outlook Tower in Edinburgh,
which served as a center for education and public engagement on urban and
social issues. His books and lectures helped disseminate his ideas and
inspired generations of planners and designers.

Notable work
Tel Aviv Master Plan
The Geddes Plan, commonly referred to as
the "Tel Aviv Master Plan" or "Geddes Plan for
Tel Aviv-Yafo," had a significant impact on
how Israel's seaside metropolis of Tel Aviv
developed. Sir Patrick Geddes, a renowned
Scottish urban designer, created this strategy
in the early 1920s.
By the 1920s, Tel Aviv, founded in 1909, had

grown rapidly, creating a need for an all-
encompassing urban strategy to address
housing, infrastructure, and transportation
challenges.
Sir Patrick Geddes was hired to draft a master

plan, and he brought his imaginative perspective to the job. His 1925 proposal, which
sought to create a peaceful cohabitation between urban and natural components,
was firmly based on the tenets of the garden city movement.
Tel Aviv's development was significantly influenced by the Geddes Plan. Although
not all components were fully implemented, the plan's essential ideas had an impact
on the city's growth and helped give it a reputation as a forward-thinking and creative
metropolitan hub.
It's significant to notice that Tel Aviv's urban environment has developed throughout
time. Following planning initiatives have expanded on Geddes' ideas while adjusting
for shifting conditions and requirements, guaranteeing the city's continued
development and vibrancy.
Charles Edourd Jeanneret

The legendary Swiss-
French architect,
designer, and urban
planner Charles-
Édouard Jeanneret-
Gris, better known by
his stage name Le
Corbusier, makes his
mark on the history of
contemporary
architecture and
design. He was born
on October 6, 1887,
and lived until August
27, 1965, leaving a
lasting impact.
Le Corbusier is regarded as a leader of the Modernist movement and a

trailblazer whose ideas helped to establish the philosophy of architecture in
the 20th century. The "Five Points of Architecture," a ground-breaking
conceptual framework that promoted concepts like open spatial
arrangements, pilotis (elevated supporting columns), free-standing facades,
ribbon windows that bathed interiors in natural light, and innovative rooftop
gardens, were introduced by the avant-garde architect renowned for his
avant-garde concepts and utilitarian approach. He used modern materials like
reinforced concrete, steel, and glass with bold experimentation, throwing off
the constraints of traditional architectural standards and altering constructed
surroundings with creative innovation.
The renowned Villa Savoye in Paris, one of his most notable works, best
represents his principles with its clean lines and seamless blending of living
areas with the surrounding countryside. Ingenious vertical hamlet the Unité
d'Habitation in Marseille reimagined community life by upending the traditional
housing concept. His journey into urban planning resulted in the Chandigarh
Capitol Complex in India, which now stands as a monumental manifestation of
modernist principles.
Le Corbusier's influence stretched beyond the confines of specific buildings;

his forward-thinking urban planning included the creation of whole cities. The
enormous project Chandigarh, which he worked on with his cousin Pierre
Jeanneret, is a live example of his ideas about ordered urban life, with its
practical spaces, logical road designs, and integration of vegetation into the
built environment.
Le Corbusier's approaches were subject to criticism despite his illustrious

legacy. Despite the good intentions behind his designs to improve living
circumstances via modernisation, several detractors said that his unwavering
concentration on practicality occasionally sacrificed artistic elegance and
human comfort. But there is no denying his lasting impact on the vocabulary
of architecture, as his ground-breaking concepts continue to influence modern
discourse and practice and serve as a reminder that the spirit of invention
sometimes lies at the nexus of daring and controversy.

 Radiant City Concept- Le Corbusier's "Radiant City" concept placed an
emphasis on the division of roles within a city, with separate zones for
habitation, employment, and leisure. In order to optimize sunlight, greenery,
and open space, he suggested building towering residential towers in park-
like settings. Although this idea didn't come to be exactly as he had hoped, it
had an impact on later conceptions of zoning and functional separation in
urban planning.

 Zoning and Functionalism- Le Corbusier favored functional zoning, in which
various parts of a city would be set aside for various purposes (residential,
commercial, industrial, etc.). Although this strategy was intended to lessen
traffic and increase efficiency, it has also come under fire for encouraging
urban development and a dependence on cars.
 Dom-Ino House System- Le Corbusier invented the "Dom-Ino" construction

method, which is based on reinforced concrete slabs and columns. He
thought that by utilizing this technology, it would be possible to address the
housing deficit and provide mass-produced, reasonably priced dwellings.
Despite not being widely used, the Dom-Ino system had an impact on the
creation of contemporary construction methods.

 The Five Points of Architecture- Le Corbusier defined his architectural
principles in the "Five Points of Architecture," which included horizontal
windows, elevated supports called pilotis, a free plan (interior walls not
supporting the structure), a free facade (exterior walls not bearing weight),
and a flat roof terrace. The aesthetic and practical qualities of modern
architecture were influenced by these ideas.

 Ville Radieuse (Radiant City) Plan- Le Corbusier's "Ville Radieuse" (Radiant
City) Plan was one of his most well-known urban design proposals. It pictured
a metropolis with broad boulevards, open areas, and effective transit
infrastructure. Although this plan was never fully carried out, it had an impact
on arguments about transportation, infrastructure, and the value of open
spaces in urban design.
 Chandigarh, India- India's capital city of Chandigarh was designed by Le

Corbusier, and it serves as the administrative center for the Punjab and
Haryana states. His vision for Chandigarh included modernist architecture,
green spaces, and efficient zoning. Many of the city's structures and the way
the city is laid out are the result of his influence.
 Unité d'Habitation- Le Corbusier's "Unité d'Habitation" was a housing complex

that aimed to provide high-quality living spaces within a vertical structure. It
emphasized communal facilities, natural light, and efficient use of space. This

design concept influenced the development of later residential buildings and
the idea of compact urban living.
Notable work
Villa Savoye
The Villa Savoye stands as a remarkable embodiment of modern architecture,
conceived by the visionary architect Le Corbusier in collaboration with Pierre
Jeanneret. Constructed in 1931 in the tranquil suburb of Poissy near Paris, this
architectural masterpiece serves as a quintessential representation of Le Corbusier's
Five Points of Architecture. The villa was commissioned as a weekend retreat for the
Savoye family and became a canvas for innovative design concepts. Elevated by
pilotis that create an open ground level, a free façade that liberates the exterior from

structural constraints, ribbon windows that flood the interior with light, a functional
rooftop garden, and an open floor plan that facilitates fluid movement, the villa
encapsulates Le Corbusier's philosophy of form meeting function. With its geometric
precision, minimalistic elegance, and seamless integration of indoor and outdoor
spaces, the Villa Savoye continues to symbolize the pioneering spirit of modernist
architectural ideals.
Norte-Dame du haut
Le Corbusier, a renowned architect, created Notre-Dame du Haut, a

noteworthy chapel in Ronchamp, France. It stands as a deviation from conventional
ecclesiastical architecture and was completed in 1954. A spiritually evocative
environment is produced by the chapel's interplay of light and shadow, which makes
its curved roof appear to float above stone walls. Le Corbusier's skill of spatial
architecture is highlighted inside, where strategically positioned windows and textural
contrasts further accentuate the play of light. Because of its unorthodox yet stirring
design, Notre-Dame du Haut has become a destination for both architectural

aficionados and sages, demonstrating the transcendent ability of architecture to uplift
and inspire.
Homer Hoyt
Homer Hoyt (1895–1984) stood out as a prominent American economist and urban
planner renowned for his groundbreaking work in real estate and urban
development. His enduring legacy lies in his deep insights into urban growth patterns
and the cyclical rhythms of real estate markets. One of his most remarkable
achievements was the creation of the sector model, often referred to as the "Hoyt
Model," which offered a fresh perspective on the distribution of urban land uses.
Armed with degrees in economics

and real estate, Hoyt's academic

and practical background uniquely positioned him to unravel the complexities of
urban areas and real estate markets. His extensive involvement in academia,
research, and government advisory roles allowed him to influence urban planning
policies and reshape real estate practices.
During the 1930s, Hoyt formulated the Hoyt Model, a response to the limitations of
sociologist Ernest Burgess's concentric zone model. Unlike Burgess's depiction of
cities as a series of concentric rings, Hoyt introduced a more refined concept. He
envisioned cities as being divided into sectors that radiated outward from the city
center. These sectors exhibited distinct land uses, shaped by factors like
transportation corridors. This model adeptly captured the reality of cities, where
development often followed transportation routes, resulting in identifiable corridors
with similar land-use characteristics.
Hoyt's research also delved into real estate cycles, which he recognized as having a
profound impact on urban development. He identified a recurring pattern of growth,
stagnation, and decline in real estate markets, later known as the "Hoyt Sectoral
Model of Real Estate Cycles."
Throughout his career, Homer Hoyt penned several influential works, including "One
Hundred Years of Land Values in Chicago" (1933) and "The Structure and Growth of
Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities" (1939). His research and concepts
continue to resonate in urban planning and real estate development, fundamentally
shaping our understanding of how cities evolve and how real estate markets ebb and
flow over time.

 Sector Theory- Homer Hoyt's most notable contribution is the development of
the sector theory, as outlined in his 1939 book "Structure and Growth of
Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities." This theory proposed that
cities grow outward in a series of sectors radiating from the city center, with
each sector characterized by specific land uses and socio-economic activities.
This concept revolutionized how urban planners and designers understood
the spatial organization of cities and the predictability of their growth patterns.
 Predictable Growth Patterns- Hoyt's sector theory provided a framework for

understanding how cities expand and develop over time. By identifying
predictable patterns of land use and economic activities in different sectors,
urban designers gained insights into how urban areas evolve. This knowledge
helped them make informed decisions about zoning, infrastructure
development, and the placement of different types of amenities.
 Transportation Influence- Hoyt's theory emphasized the influence of
transportation routes on the growth of cities. This insight highlighted the
importance of transportation networks in shaping the expansion of urban
areas and the development of different sectors. Urban designers started
considering transportation planning as an integral part of overall urban design.
 Zoning and Land Use Planning- The sector theory had a profound impact on
zoning and land use planning. Urban designers and planners could use the
theory to strategically allocate different types of land uses within specific
sectors, promoting efficient land utilization and avoiding conflicting land uses.

 Housing Market Dynamics- Hoyt's work also contributed to understanding
housing market dynamics. His theory explained how housing demand and
affordability can vary across sectors due to different socio-economic factors.
This understanding helped urban designers and policymakers address
housing needs more effectively.
 Influence on Subsequent Urban Theories- Hoyt's sector theory laid the

foundation for various subsequent urban theories and models, influencing the
work of other economists, geographers, and urban planners. His ideas
inspired discussions about concentric zones, urban sprawl, and the interplay
between transportation and urban development.

Notable work
One
Hundred Years of Land Values in Chicago

"One Hundred Years of Land Values in Chicago" (1933) This work is considered one
of Homer Hoyt's most significant contributions to the understanding of urban
development and land values. In this book, Hoyt analyzed the historical patterns of
land value changes in Chicago over a century, shedding light on the factors
influencing urban growth and real estate market fluctuations.
The Structure and Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in

American Cities
Hoyt developed his sector model theory and looked at the growth patterns of
residential neighborhoods in several American cities in his book "The Structure and
Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities" (1939). He stressed how
the spatial distribution of various dwelling types and socioeconomic levels is shaped
by transit routes.

Frank Lloyd
Wright
The American architect, interior

designer, and educator Frank Lloyd
Wright (1867–1959) is regarded as
a towering figure in the history of
contemporary architecture because
of his deep influence and
pioneering spirit. His design
approach, which is distinguished by
its focus on organic building,
seamless blending with nature, and
unwavering dedication to practicality, has irrevocably changed the landscape of
architectural innovation.
Wright was born into a Welsh-American family in Richland Center, Wisconsin, which
is where his ancestry can be traced. He showed an early passion for the natural
world and an unquenchable curiosity. In 1885, his academic path brought him to the
University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he first majored in civil engineering. But
when he started working as a draftsman for an architectural company in Chicago, his
trajectory changed, and he began his transforming architectural journey.
Wright's early work was influenced by the prevailing architectural tendencies of the
day, namely the Beaux-Arts and Arts and Crafts movements. However, as he
developed his craft, he started to forge a distinctive architectural identity and came
up with the term "organic architecture." This philosophy promoted a peaceful
coexistence between human habitats and the natural environment, and it frequently
took the form of the use of organic materials, flowing lines, and open spaces.

A pivotal contribution emerged from Wright's creative wellspring in the form of the
"Prairie School" style. Exemplified by the Robie House in Chicago (completed in
1910), this style embraced horizontal lines, roofs with broad overhanging eaves, and
open interior spaces. It sought to meld seamlessly with the flat landscapes of the
American Midwest, mirroring the sprawling grandeur of the prairies themselves.
Wright's architectural tapestry also featured the iconic "Usonian" houses, conceived
as affordable havens for the middle class. The term "Usonian" encapsulated his
vision of a distinctly American architectural language, characterized by flat roofs,
open floor plans, and a celebration of simplicity and functionality.
When Wright built the mysterious Fallingwater mansion in Pennsylvania in 1939, his
career reached its apex. With its cantilevered balconies gently poised above a
flowing waterfall, this masterpiece is frequently recognized as a living example of the
architect's organic design philosophy.
Behind the genius of his architectural legacy, however, was a life characterized by
controversies, complicated relationships, and financial upheaval. The controversy
surrounding his decision to leave his wife and children in 1914 to live with Mamah
Borthwick Cheney, the client's wife, resonated across society and ended in the
burning down of his Oak Park studio by a disgruntled worker.
Wright persisted in moving forward and seeking innovation with tenacity throughout
the later stages of his remarkable career. He never wavered in his goal, as
evidenced by the 1959 completion of the Guggenheim Museum in New York City. Its
spiral shape, which violated accepted museum conventions, perfectly encapsulated
his propensity for challenging accepted architectural standards.
In addition to his physical creations, Frank Lloyd Wright leaves behind concepts that
continue to influence future generations of architects and designers. His commitment

to practical design, appreciation for nature, and philosophy of organic architecture
are still felt today and continue to inspire. Wright not only altered locations but also
fundamentally altered our perception of them, permanently fusing the natural and
manmade worlds.

Frank Lloyd Wright made important contributions to the subject of urban
planning, having a long-lasting influence on how towns and cities are designed and
set up. His views and ideas went against conventional urban planning and placed a
focus on how to integrate architecture with the surrounding landscape. His major
contributions to urban planning include the following:
 Broadacre City Concept- Introduced in the 1930s, Wright's "Broadacre City"

concept envisioned a wide, decentralized metropolitan environment where
each family would have an acre of land to construct on. This idea is
considered one of Wright's most forward-thinking contributions to urban
planning. This idea sought to promote a more peaceful coexistence between
people, their houses, and environment by breaking away from the crowded
metropolitan areas of his time. It promoted the concepts of uniqueness,
independence, and peaceful living with the earth.

 Organic Urbanism- Wright's organic architectural theory extended to urban
design as well. He thought that cities should expand in sync with their
environment, with buildings and infrastructure easily blending in. Natural
materials, wide spaces, and flowing lines were frequently included into his
designs to create a feeling of connection between the constructed
environment and the natural world.
 Automobile-Centric Planning- Wright was a pioneer in incorporating

automobiles into urban planning. He saw the automobile's transformational
potential in transforming urban landscapes and imagined cities with broad
streets, integrated parking buildings, and efficient transit networks. While his
emphasis on automobile-centric architecture has its detractors today, his
ideas have influenced conversations about urban mobility and accessibility.

 Civic Center Designs- Wright's designs for civic centers, such as the Marin
County Civic Center in California, demonstrated his approach to constructing
useful and aesthetically beautiful public spaces. His designs frequently
stressed the necessity of communal meeting areas for social interaction,
cultural events, and civic activities.
 The "Living City"- Wright's approach to urban design extended beyond

physical infrastructure. He was a firm believer in developing lively and

dynamic communities that encouraged human connection and innovation. His
"Living City" idea sought to build conditions that fostered human development,
creative expression, and intellectual development.
 Integration of Nature- Wright's conviction in the blending of architecture and

nature extended to urban environments as well. He was an outspoken
supporter of the preservation of natural landscapes within cities, as well as the
inclusion of parks, gardens, and green spaces. He thought that city
inhabitants needed to have access to nature in order to be happy.

Notable work
Fallingwater (1939)
Fallingwater is a private mansion in Pennsylvania constructed above a waterfall and
is perhaps Wright's most renowned masterpiece. Its cantilevered form and
interaction with the surrounding natural environment make it an outstanding
illustration of his organic architectural concept.
The Robie House (1910)

Located in Chicago is an example of Wright's Prairie School design. This
revolutionary residence design is distinguished by its horizontal lines, overhanging

eaves, and open interior areas.
Taliesin (1911)
Taliesin, originally Wright's house and architectural workshop in Spring Green,
Wisconsin, became an embodiment of his beliefs. Due to fires and architectural
alterations, it has undergone various restorations and additions throughout the years.

Taliesin West (1937)
Following financial troubles and a broken marriage, Wright created Taliesin West as
his holiday home, studio, and architectural school in Scottsdale, Arizona. It
exemplifies his ability to integrate buildings with the arid landscape.
The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (1959)

Guggenheim Museum is a contemporary architectural icon located in New York City.
Its circular shape defies standard museum layouts, allowing visitors to engage with
art in a new and dynamic way.

Johnson Wax Headquarters (1936)
This building in Racine, Wisconsin, was designed for the SC Johnson business and
contains the novel use of curved columns and a dentiform (tree-like) framework to
support the roof.
Unity Temple (1908)

The Unity Temple in Oak Park, Illinois, is a great example of Wright's Prairie School
design used to a house of worship. It is an architectural landmark due to its unique
use of concrete and geometric shapes.

The Hollyhock House (1921)
Designed for oil heiress Aline Barnsdall in Los Angeles, California, exemplifies
Wright's Mayan Revival style, which is distinguished by elaborate geometric patterns
and stylized motifs.
Wingspread (1937)
This Racine, Wisconsin, mansion was designed for Herbert F. Johnson Jr. The
wingspread design of the structure echoes its name and demonstrates Wright's
expertise in blending architectural form with its natural context.

Marin County Civic Center (1962, finished posthumously)
This civic center in San Rafael, California, showcases Wright's unique style and was
one of his final major commissions.
Daniel Burnham
Daniel Burnham (1846-1912) was a well-known American architect and urban
planner who helped shape the urban landscapes of numerous major towns in the

late nineteenth and early twentieth century. He is most renowned for his unique
architectural designs and forward-thinking urban planning ideas.
Burnham was born in Henderson, New York, on September 4, 1846. He was

interested in building and design from an early age, and after finishing his formal
education, he worked as a draftsman in Chicago. In 1872, he formed a collaboration
with John Wellborn Root to start the architectural company Burnham and Root. Their
business was recognized for creating creative and structurally sophisticated
skyscrapers, which helped to shape the Chicago School of Architecture.
Burnham's work in the planning and design of the 1893 World's Columbian
Exposition in Chicago, also known as the Chicago World's Fair, was one of his most
noteworthy accomplishments. This event featured enormous neoclassical
architecture, which piqued Burnham's interest in urban planning. Burnham was
appointed principal architect of the 1901 McMillan Plan in Washington, D.C., which
intended to beautify the city and enhance its urban arrangement.
The Plan of Chicago, generally known as the Burnham Plan, is Burnham's most
renowned masterpiece. This comprehensive urban plan, published in 1909 in
partnership with Edward H. Bennett, attempted to meet the city's fast expansion and
urban issues. Green areas, efficient transit networks, and orderly development were
all highlighted in the plan. It suggested the development of an integrated park and
boulevard system, as well as a waterfront park along Lake Michigan. While not all
components of the plan were achieved, it had a long-term impact on the city's urban
growth and impacted urban planning approaches across the world.
Aside from his architectural and planning accomplishments, Burnham was also
involved in several projects in other cities. In places like as Cleveland, San
Francisco, and Manila, he was involved in the design of structures and urban
designs. His work frequently combined traditional architectural features with novel
structural approaches.

Daniel Burnham's legacy reaches well beyond his architectural accomplishments. He
was an outspoken supporter of the City Beautiful movement, which highlighted the
significance of aesthetics and urban design in producing better living situations. His
ideas continue to have an impact on urban planners and architects today.
Burnham's work was defined by his commitment to building attractive, useful, and
sustainable urban environments. On June 1, 1912, he died, but his influence on
architecture and urban planning lives on, with his theories providing as a foundation
for current city planning concepts.

Through his visionary concepts, creative methodologies, and prominent
projects, Daniel Burnham made important contributions to urban architecture. His
work influenced how cities are planned and constructed, and his ideas continue to
influence urban planning techniques all around the world. Here are some of his most
important contributions:
 City Beautiful Movement- Burnham was a key player in the City Beautiful
movement, which attempted to enhance the quality of life in cities by
beautifying them. He felt that well-designed, aesthetically beautiful urban
places may improve a city's moral and social fabric. The movement promoted
broad boulevards, enormous structures, and well-planned landscapes.

 Plan of Chicago (Burnham Plan)- The Plan of Chicago, issued in 1909, was
one of Burnham's most significant accomplishments. This comprehensive
urban plan, created in conjunction with Edward H. Bennett, established a
vision for the city's future growth. It suggested an integrated network of parks,
large boulevards, and efficient transit networks. The Burnham Plan also
advocated for the preservation of the lakefront for public use, which had a
long-lasting influence on Chicago's growth and is now a design feature of the
city.
 Innovative Architectural
Wellborn Root, were ahead of their time. He
was instrumental in the formation of the
Chicago School of Architecture, which
pioneered the use of steel-frame construction
and huge windows, so leading to the
development of the contemporary
skyscraper. The 1895 completion of the

Reliance Building in Chicago is an example of his work that exemplifies these
new design concepts.
 World's Columbian Exposition- Burnham's career as principal architect of

Chicago's World's Columbian Exposition in 1893 demonstrated his ability to
design vast and harmonious urban settings. With neoclassical buildings,
lagoons, and planted gardens, the fairgrounds were beautifully designed. The
White City, as it was dubbed, served as a model for future urban planning
projects.
 McMillan Plan for Washington, D.C.- Burnham was influential in establishing

the McMillan Plan for Washington, D.C., which intended to enhance the layout
and aesthetics of the nation's capital. The proposal called for vast boulevards,
massive communal areas, and a restored National Mall. While not every
aspect of the plan was implemented, it did set the tone for the city's future

development.
Notable work
Flatiron Building, New York City
While not designed solely by Burnham, he played a role in the design of the iconic
Flatiron Building, completed in 1902. This triangular-shaped skyscraper in Manhattan
is known for its innovative use of steel-frame construction and its distinctive
architectural form.

The Reliance Building in Chicago
The Reliance Building in Chicago, completed
in 1895, is regarded one of the earliest
examples of a modern skyscraper. Burnham
and his team created a light and attractive
design by utilizing novel techniques such as
huge plate-glass windows and a steel-frame
framework.
Union Station, Washington, D.C

Burnham was engaged in the design of Union Station, Washington, D.C.'s primary
rail terminus, which was finished in 1907. His dedication to create outstanding
municipal structures is reflected in the station's Beaux-Arts architecture and
enormous interior areas.

Filipino Club and Manila Hotel, Manila, Philippines:
Burnham's foreign work includes the design of notable structures in Manila, including
the Filipino Club and Manila Hotel. His architectural style, which merged classical
features with modern design, can be seen in the Filipino Club and the Manila Hotel.

World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago World's Fair), Chicago
Although it was not a permanent construction, Burnham had a significant impact on
the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition. He directed the construction of the
fairgrounds, including the "White City" with its neoclassical buildings and beautifully
designed landscapes, as the principal architect.

Plan of Chicago (Burnham Plan):
The Burnham Plan of 1909 for the city of Chicago is one of his most significant
accomplishments, even though it is not a physical construction. This comprehensive
urban plan called for interconnected parks, better transit, and the preservation of the
lakefront. Its ideals have affected the development of the city for over a century.
McMillan Plan for Washington, D.C.

Similarly, Burnham's involvement on the McMillan Plan for Washington, D.C. in 1901
helped define the future construction of the nation's capital. The proposal attempted
to improve the city's appearance by revamping its monumental center, maintaining
green spaces, and creating a more harmonious urban structure.

Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago
Though the Field Museum was built after Burnham's death, he was initially engaged
in its design, which exhibits his Beaux-Arts architectural style. In Chicago, the
museum is a prominent cultural institution.
Felino Palafox Jr.
Felino "Jun" Palafox Jr., an architect and urban planner, with 48 years of
expertise in architecture and 46 years in planning. He attended Christ the King
Seminary, the University of Santo Tomas, and the University of the Philippines for
his education. He studied Advanced Management Development Program for Real
Estate and seven other unique courses at Harvard University for continuing
education. The Polytechnic University of the Philippines awarded him the degree
Doctor of Fine Arts (Honoris Causa) in May 2017. Architect Palafox was named a
Doctor Fellow of the Royal Institution of Singapore, the Royal Institute of Architects
of Singapore, the Royal Institute of Development Consultants of Singapore, and the
Royal Institute of Town and Regional Planners of Singapore in April 2018.

He is also a member of several international and national organizations, including
the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, of which he is a fellow; the Urban
Land Institute; the American
Planning Association; The
American Institute of Architects; the
US Green Building Council; the
Harvard Alumni Association; the
United Architects of the Philippines;
and Fellow Rotary International. He
was also the first architect-urban
planner and past President of the
Management Association of the
Philippines, as well as the past
Chairman and President of the
National Real Estate Association,
the FIABCI International Real
Estate Federation, and the
Philippine Institute of Environmental Planners. He is a Governor of the Canadian
Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines and the Chairman of the American
Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines' Environment and Urban Development
Committee. Trustee of Philippine Business for the Environment, as well as Swiss
Input.
Forbes Asia Magazine named him one of Asia's 48 Heroes of Philanthropy. In

November 2017, he was named one of the three Top Outstanding Filipinos in the
discipline of Architecture by the JCI Senate. In the 37th National work Awards, his
work was named Best Book on Professions for The Philippines Towards Resilient
Cities and Communities in November 2018.
The Professional Regulatory Commission named him the 2019 Outstanding

Professional of the Year in Environmental Planning.

Architect Palafox created, directed, and supervised Palafox Associates and Palafox
Architecture in completing over 1,722 projects in 40 countries, planning 44 billion
square meters of land, and designing and architecting 16 million square meters of
building floor space. Palafox Associates and Palafox Architecture have received over
200 prizes and recognitions since its inception. Palafox was the first Filipino
architectural firm to be included in the Top 500 Architectural Firms in the World of the
London-based World Architecture Magazine in 1999, and the only Southeast Asian
architectural firm to be included in the top 100 largest practices and the Top 8
Leisure Projects in the world in 2012.

Felino Palafox Jr. has made significant contributions to urban design through his
innovative and holistic approach to architectural and urban planning projects. Some
of his notable contributions include:
 Sustainable Design- Palafox is a strong advocate for sustainable design

practices. He promotes environmentally friendly approaches in his projects,
such as incorporating green spaces, energy-efficient designs, and using
renewable materials to reduce the carbon footprint of developments.

 Master Planning- Palafox has been involved in the master planning of various
cities and regions. His master plans often prioritize creating walkable, mixed-
use communities that encourage social interaction and reduce the need for
extensive car use. These plans also emphasize the preservation of natural
resources and the integration of green infrastructure.
 Disaster-Resilient Design- Given the Philippines' susceptibility to natural

disasters, Palafox's designs often incorporate disaster-resilient features. He
aims to create buildings and communities that can withstand earthquakes,
typhoons, and other hazards while providing safe havens for residents.
 Mixed-Use Developments- Palafox is known for promoting mixed-use
developments that combine residential, commercial, and recreational spaces
within the same area. This approach reduces the need for long commutes and
fosters vibrant communities where people can live, work, and play without
extensive travel.

 Transportation Planning- Palafox emphasizes the importance of well-designed
transportation systems. He advocates for integrated public transportation
networks that are accessible, efficient, and reduce congestion and pollution.
 Preservation of Cultural Heritage- Palafox values the preservation of cultural
heritage within urban environments. He incorporates historical and cultural
elements into his designs, helping to maintain a sense of identity and
continuity within rapidly changing cities.
 Community Engagement- Palafox believes in the importance of involving local
communities in the planning and design process. He seeks to understand the
needs and aspirations of residents, ensuring that the final designs reflect their
input.
 Global Impact- Palafox's influence extends beyond the Philippines, as he has
been involved in projects in various countries. His work has contributed to
discussions on sustainable urbanization and responsible development on a
global scale.

Notable work
Bonifacio Global City Master Plan (BGC), Philippines
Palafox Associates played a crucial part in the master design of Bonifacio Global
City, a bustling business zone in Metro Manila. The plan's goal was to build a
contemporary, sustainable urban environment that included a mix of residential,
commercial, and recreational areas.

Clark Green City Master Plan, Philippines
Palafox Associates contributed to the master design for Clark Green City, a
planned city envisioned as a paradigm for sustainable development. Green
areas, energy-efficient infrastructure, and smart technology are all part of the
concept.
Alabang Town Center, Philippines:

Palafox Associates was involved in the design and planning of Alabang Town
Center, a mixed-use complex combining retail, eating, entertainment, and office
spaces. The open-air layout and pedestrian-friendly architecture of the center are
well-known.

Ayala Center Cebu, Philippines
Palafox Associates worked on the redevelopment of Ayala Center Cebu, a major
shopping and entertainment complex. The firm's design aimed to enhance the
urban experience, incorporate green elements, and improve connectivity.
Pearl-Qatar Master Plan, Qatar

Palafox Associates participated in the master planning of Pearl-Qatar, an artificial
island in Doha, Qatar. The plan focused on creating a high-end, mixed-use
development that integrates residential, commercial, and leisure spaces.
Naypyidaw Master Plan, Myanmar

Palafox Associates provided insights for the development of the capital city
Naypyidaw in Myanmar. The plan included recommendations for infrastructure,
transportation, and urban design.
Conclusion

In conclusion, urban architecture is a powerful reflection of the growth of
societies and their goals. It is a complex dance of functionality, aesthetics, and the
socio-cultural setting in which it originates. Architects' inventive visions have
transformed cities throughout history, reacting to pressing demands while leaving
lasting fingerprints on skylines and cityscapes.
In modern urban architecture, the merger of technology, sustainability, and human-

centered design has given rise to a new age of possibilities. Today's architects are
not only designing buildings that are environmentally friendly, but they are also
developing inclusive and adaptive communities that serve varied populations. As
cities continue to grow in population, the challenge is to strike a fine balance
between preserving legacy and embracing innovation.
The importance of urban design in stimulating social contact, increasing quality of

life, and supporting sustainability cannot be understated. The interaction of open
public spaces, mixed-use projects, and accessible infrastructure has the potential to
transform urban life into a more integrated and fulfilling experience. This undertaking,
however, necessitates a collaborative approach including architects, urban planners,
lawmakers, and the public.
As we look ahead, urban architecture will continue to be a dynamic canvas for

experimentation, a tribute to human creativity, and a reflection of society ideals.
Cities of the future will be living testaments to the synergy between utilitarian design,
cultural legacy, and the ambitions of a globalized society, balancing growth and
preservation. Architecture is the thread that ties together the tale of our ever-
changing urban environments in the fabric of urban life.

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29-2019.pdf

https://www.musicalexpert.org/what-is-urban-architecture.htm
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Malayan Colleges of Laguna

Danilo A. Sadaya Jr.

Welcome to the fascinating field of urbanism, where the complex fabric of

In this investigation into "What is an Urbanist," we set out on a quest to comprehend

Key aspect of Urbanist

1 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna

2. Architecture and design

2 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna

3 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna

4 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna

7. Density and Urban Form

5 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna

Sir Patrick Geddes

He created the word "conurbation" and

introduced the idea of "region" to

architecture and planning. Geddes created

a novel method of regional and urban

planning that considers how people live

and interact with the natural surroundings

of the places and regions they call home.

Geddes used the landscapes of Edinburgh

and its surroundings to depict the part. The

first master city plan for Tel Aviv was the

6 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna

and putting his ideas into action.

Contribution to Urban Design

7 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna

 City as an Organism- Sir Geddes' concept of a city as a living creature,

8 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna

 Place-Centered Design- Sir Geddes emphasized the significance of creating

 Civic Participation and Engagement- Sir Geddes supported involving regional

 Bioregionalism- Geddes supported bioregionalism, which advocates

9 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna

By the 1920s, Tel Aviv, founded in 1909, had

Sir Patrick Geddes was hired to draft a master

Charles Edourd Jeanneret

10 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna

Le Corbusier is regarded as a leader of the Modernist movement and a

Le Corbusier's influence stretched beyond the confines of specific buildings;

Le Corbusier's approaches were subject to criticism despite his illustrious

Contribution to Urban Design

12 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna

 Dom-Ino House System- Le Corbusier invented the "Dom-Ino" construction

13 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna

14 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna

 Chandigarh, India- India's capital city of Chandigarh was designed by Le

 Unité d'Habitation- Le Corbusier's "Unité d'Habitation" was a housing complex

15 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna

16 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna

Le Corbusier, a renowned architect, created Notre-Dame du Haut, a

17 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna

Armed with degrees in economics

18 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna

Contribution to Urban Design

 Predictable Growth Patterns- Hoyt's sector theory provided a framework for

20 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna

 Influence on Subsequent Urban Theories- Hoyt's sector theory laid the

21 | Mapua Malayan Colleges Laguna