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Computer Graphics and Visualisation

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Computer Graphics and Visualisation

Lecture 22: Wrap up

Dr Adrian Bors and Dr William Smith
 Computer Graphics and Visualisation

Today’s Topics

 Summary of course
 Hints about the open exam
 Hints about the closed exam
 Categories of questions

Lecture 22
 Computer Graphics and Visualisation

Reading List

Core text
E. Angel, Interactive Computer Graphics: A Top-down Approach with
OpenGL, Addison-Wesley, 5th ed. 2009.
Recommended graphics references
J. Foley, A. Van Dam, S. Feiner, J. Hughes, and R. Phillips, Introduction to
Computer Graphics, Addison-Wesley, 1994.
J. Foley, A. Van Dam, S. Feiner, and J. Hughes, Computer Graphics:
Principles and Practice, Addison-Wesley, 2nd Edition, 1990.
A. Watt, 3D Computer Graphics, Addison Wesley, 3rd edition, 2000.
D. Hearn and M. Baker, Computer Graphics, Prentice Hall, 2nd Edition,
1997.
W. Schroeder, K. Martin, and B. Lorensen, The Visualization Toolkit,
Prentice Hall, 2nd Edition, 1998.

Lecture 22
 Computer Graphics and Visualisation

Reading List

Recommended books on OpenGL

F. S. Hill, JR,. Computer Graphics using OpenGL, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall,
2001.
M. Woo, J. Neider, T. Davis, D. Shreiner, OpenGL Programming Guide:
The official guide to learning OpenGL, Version 1.2, 3rd ed., Addison-
Wesley, 1999.
R. S. Wright, OpenGL SuperBible, Waite Group Press, 2000.

Lecture 22
 Computer Graphics and Visualisation

Module Structure
1 Introduction Chap. 1
2 Graphics programming Chap. 2
3-4 Mathematics for graphics Chap. 4
5-6 Viewing transformations Chap. 5
7 Modelling Chap. 9
9 Colour Foley Chap. 11
10 Curves Chap. 12
12-14 Illumination and shading Chap. 6 and 13
15 Visible surfaces Chap. 5.6 and 7.11
16 Clipping Chap. 7.3-7.7
17 Physical-based modelling Chap. 11
18 Scan conversion Chap. 7.8-7.10
19-20 Textures Chap. 8.7-8.12
21 Solid-based modelling Chap. 10.12
Lecture 22
 Computer Graphics and Visualisation

Practicals

1 Introduction to OpenGL
2 2D graphics – plots, text
3 Menus and 3D graphics
4 Modelling and viewing
5 Shading and animation
6 Build an animated model
7 Physics-based modelling
8 Textures
9 Fractal landscape

Lecture 22
 Computer Graphics and Visualisation

Open Assessment

Summer term, Wednesday week 3 to Wednesday week 6

 Questions about the assessment will be answered via the webpage until
Friday of week 3
 Look at last years assessment, questions and cohort feedback (available
on webpage)
 Core functionality will get some but not all marks
 The better the solution to each part, the more marks available
 A few marks available for exceptional visual effect

Lecture 22
 Computer Graphics and Visualisation

Open Assessment

You must submit:

 An executable (Windows or Linux) – PLEASE ensure your executable
runs on the departmental PCs, make sure you include supporting files
such as textures, DLLs etc – put it all in a zip file
 Source code – If it’s not commented I won’t be able to understand any
of it, sensible variable/function names are helpful too
 Written report – 6 page limit and only worth 10% of mark, but the report
is critical because it allows you to explain how you’ve tackled each section
– be sure to explain the key concepts behind what you’ve done
Source code from the practicals may be reused (you must state that
you’ve done this) but obviously less marks are available than for a
completely novel solution
If you use other peoples source code (e.g. from the web) indicate this
clearly – you will not get any marks for these parts
Lecture 22
 Computer Graphics and Visualisation

Open Assessment

May include:
 Modelling
 Blending
 Colour
 Lighting/Materials/Shading
 Textures
 Surfaces
 Animation
 Physics based modelling (particles/springs/fractals)
 User control using menu and/or keyboard functions

Lecture 22
 Computer Graphics and Visualisation

Closed Assessment

The Exam
Wednesday 17th of June (Week 8), Central Hall
Module No. 0620145
 You are not required to remember C code, clearly written pseudocode
will do
 You are not required to remember OpenGL functions
 You will be asked to answer 2 questions out of 4
 Each question has several points which may refer to different lectures
Previous exam papers and model solutions available at:
http://www-course.cs.york.ac.uk/cgv/exam/

Lecture 22
 Computer Graphics and Visualisation

Categories of Questions

Descriptive (describe a principle, an algorithm etc)

1. Consider the Cohen-Sutherland algorithm for clipping line segments in
2D spaces:
 Describe the main steps of the Cohen-Sutherland algorithm
 In what cases does the Cohen-Sutherland algorithm work best?
2. Consider the modelling of specular reflection:
 What physical properties are simulated by specular reflection?
 How is specular reflection simulated in graphics?
3. Explain the modelling of diffuse reflection.
4. What is the function of the viewing pipeline component blocks. Use
diagrams if necessary.
5. What is the aim of a polygon simplification algorithm?
Lecture 22
 Computer Graphics and Visualisation

Categories of Questions

Descriptive (describe a principle, an algorithm etc)

6. Describe the main steps of a visualization systems. Use diagrams if
necessary.
7. Describe the marching squares algorithm for generating contour plots
from volumes.
8. The local illumination equation is given by:

I = ka Ia + fatt (kd (N ¢ L)Id + ks (N ¢ H)´ Is )

Describe the meaning of each physical variable and the various terms
appearing in this equation

Lecture 22
 Computer Graphics and Visualisation

Categories of Questions

Worked Problems
1. Consider a planar surface with perfect reflective properties and having
a normal vector: Ã p !
1 1 2
N= ; ;
2 2 2

Find the direction of the reflected light ray when the incident light ray
has direction: Ãp !
6 3 1
L= ; ;
4 4 4

2. Consider a surface with perfect reflective properties having a local

surface normal N, which is illuminated by an incident ray with direction
L. Derive the expression for the vector R, representing the direction of
reflected light. The vectors L, N and R are each of unit length.
(See Angel 6.4.2 for worked example)

Lecture 22
 Computer Graphics and Visualisation

Categories of Questions

Worked Problems
3. Produce the simple model of a robot showing the relationships between
nodes and subnodes. Use diagrams if necessary.

Lecture 22
 Computer Graphics and Visualisation

Categories of Questions

Enumerative
1. Describe two different types of constraint which can be imposed on
particle systems in order to assign them real world physical properties.
2. List and briefly describe six methods for representing 3D volumes.
3. List and briefly describe six types of coherences which can be used to
accelerate graphics.

Lecture 22
 Computer Graphics and Visualisation

Categories of Questions

Comparative Questions
1. Compare and contrast clipping and scissoring
2. Describe and contrast two approaches to texture mapping onto the
surface of a model made of polygons.
3. Describe and compare the Gouraud and Phong shading methods.
4. Compare and contrast two intermediate object mapping algorithms:
intermediate mapping on a cylinder and intermediate mapping on a
sphere.
5. Compare and contrast digital differential analyser algorithm (DDA) and
Bresenham’s algorithm.

Lecture 22
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