How To Reference

German University in Cairo
Faculty of Applied Sciences & Arts

Theory Department
What Is Referencing?
Referencing is a systematic way of sorting the information you acquired and acknowl-
edging the source of your ideas or knowledge. It also gives other people the chance
of tracing the information in a way that would be useful for them as well.
Theory Department
Why Do We Reference?
Failing to properly reference is an Academic Misconduct and can get you expelled.
(Plagiarism)
1. Shows Respect for other people’s hard work

2. To differentiate between your own words and other people’s work
3. Shows that you have considered relevant work to your own
4. Gives your work credibility , and
5. Shows that you understand and are up to the international standards of
academic writing
Theory Department
How Do We Reference?
. Chicago Manual
Theory Department
Chicago Manual
“Notes & Bibiliography” style
Example
Quote
“The best preparation for tomorrow is

doing your best for today.” 1 In this system you use a small number
to indicate the number of the referenc-
es, then you write the complete source
either as a footnote or an endnote.
Number of the Reference
Theory Department
Chicago Manual
“Notes & Bibiliography” style
“The best preparation for tomorrow is

doing your best for today.” 1
Number of the reference The footnote is usually put at the bottom

of each page.
Footnote
1. H. Jackson, Brown JR, BrainyQoute.com, from htttp://brainyqoute.com/qoutes/, Retrieved April 24, 2016
Theory Department
“I CALL our world Flatland, not because we call it so, but to make its nature
clearer to you, my happy readers, who are privileged to live in Space.
Imagine a vast sheet of paper on which straight Lines, Triangles, Squares, PARAGRAPH 1
Pentagons, Hexagons, and other figures, instead of remaining fixed in their
places, move freely about, on or in the surface, but without the power of rising
above or sinking below it, very much like shadows - only hard and with
luminous edges - and you will then have a pretty correct notion of my country
and countrymen. Alas, a few years ago, I should have said “my universe”: but
now my mind has been opened to higher views of things.” 1
“IN DIAGNOSING mental disorder and following its hospital course,

psychiatrists typically cite aspects of the patient’s behavior that
are “inappropriate in the situation.” Since this special kind of
misconduct is believed to provide one obvious sign of “mental PARAGRAPH 2
sickness,” psychiatrists have given much time to these improprieties,
developing the orientation and observational skills needed
to study them, describing them in detail, seeking to understand
their meaning for the patient” 2
FOOTNOTES
1.Edwin A. Abbott, Flatland a romance of many dimentions, Seely & Co, 1884, 7
2. Erving Goffman, Behavior in Public Spaces, The Free Press, 1963, 3
Theory Department
Paraphrasing
Original Paraphrased
Public spaces provide an important venue for social and political This research attempts to explore the importance of public space
behavior. In this research, we investigate social behavior in public and its effects on social and political behavior. The attempted fo-
spaces in an American College town. Three research sites in and cus would be in the is an american college town, amongst it there
around the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Cham- were from which 3 specific varied locations were picked, to bet-
paign are selected, and two kinds of public behavior - in the public ter understand the relationship between public place and social
and the private sphere - and private behavior are observed in the behavior. The authors found that material public places continue
three locations. We seek to understand the relationship between to be important despite the rise of virtual public spaces of the
public place and social behavior, types and variations of social internet.
behavior, and the importance of material or real public space. We
find social behavior in the public sphere tends to concentrate in
centrally located, symbolically powerful public places and that,
despite increasing popularity of virtual public space, real or mate-
rial public space continues to provide a vibrant environment
for the public for their private as well as public behaviors.
Footnote
Tim F. Liou, Social Behavior in Public Spaces in a College Town, University of Illinois, Illinois, USA, 2012
Theory Department
Please take a look at this website
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html
GOOD LUCK :)

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German University in Cairo

Faculty of Applied Sciences & Arts

1. Shows Respect for other people’s hard work

“The best preparation for tomorrow is

“The best preparation for tomorrow is

Number of the reference The footnote is usually put at the bottom

“IN DIAGNOSING mental disorder and following its hospital course,

Please take a look at this website

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