Articles
Articles
Articles
Articles
This research had two studies. In study 1, there were 26 males and 54 females and were recruited
on phone to participate in the study. They were asked to interact with one another and were given
4 minutes for it. They were given attributional questionnaire which included different behaviors
like friendliness, dominance, nervousness and talkativeness, and were contacted again after 3
weeks. In second session, they were asked to recall the conversation they had with other subjects
and were given the questionnaire similar to the previous one but with different memory
perspectives. It was predicted that the subjects who remembered their acquainted conversation
from the observer’s perspective had more dispositional attributions compared to initial
attributions. Those who recalled information from field’s perspective had no change in their
ratings. In study 2, we checked whether memory perspective causes the attributional shift. 108
volunteers were recruited. The procedure was similar to the study 1. For the second session, the
subjects were randomly assigned for observer or field condition. The results showed that the
subject’s memory perspective has a systematic effect on their past attributions. From the
observer’s perspective they make dispositional attributions. And from the field perspective, their
behavior was led dispositional. This article showed a clear research about the person how they
Article 2
This research has 5 studies which is continued and tells us the different perspectives about past
and present selves. Study 1 was done on the people who had taken psychotherapy in the past. All
the participants were undergraduates and 27% of them responded that they had taken therapies
for depression, anxiety, sexual confusion or eating disorders. They were asked to recall their first
therapy sessions and some of them were asked to tell their experience as a first person and third
person. Those who recalled it as a third person were able to tell their experience in detail than the
others. The study 2 was also similar to it the participants were asked to recall their socially
awkward moments and how it was then and now. And to write it in first- and third-person form.
The researchers wanted to know that how far they have overcome their awkwardness. The
participants showed that how much difference they made and that the third person perspective
showed assessments of greater personal changes than the first person. Unlike these two studies,
study 3 the participants were asked to recall an instance of past behavior such as overeating.
Those who avoided overeating focused on the differences between the past and the present which
included reasons for desires to distances themselves from the past. Those who were not
concerned were less effected by the influences. In study 4 a prediction was made participants
judgments about their past that how much they have changed and reveal the connection between
the memory perspectives and the similarities and differences between their past and present
selves. The results show that the third person perspective minimize the differences between the
past self and the present self and focus on the positive similarities. In study 5, participants were
asked to tell an action they are proud of. They were made to visualize that event and see how
much they have changed. When a person gains the sense of distance from a negative past to
positive past actions, it promotes that the third person perspective can promote the perception