Problem 1.

A precast concrete slab is 1.2m wide and 150 mm thick.

f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 275 MPa. Consider the centroid of reinforcement “As” is 30 mm from the top of the slab

a). Calculate the value of “As” (in mm2) corresponding to 60% of the reinforcement
that will produce a yield strain in the steel at the time the compressive concrete
strain of 0.003 is reached.
b). If “As” consists of 6 – 20mmØ, determine the nominal flexural strength of the section (in kN-m).
c). If the section has a cantilever span of 2.5 m, calculate the total factored uniform on the slab (in kPa).

1200.00mm
30mm
εt d- c
150.00mm As εt / (d- c) = 0.003/c
d εt = (120-c) 0.003/c
c
0.003
f'c = 21.00MPa
fy = 275.00MPa

a) Solution
Compute for 0.6ρbal
ρbal = [ 0.85f'c𝛃1 / fy ][ 600 / ( 600 + fy ) ]
17 mPa ≤ f'c ≤ 28 mPa β1 = 0.85

ρbal = [ 0.85f'c𝛃1 / fy ][ 600 / ( 600 + fy ) ] = 0.03783

0.6 ρbal = 0.0227
d= 150 -30 120.00mm
As = (0.6 ρbal)bd = 0.0227(1200)(120) = 3268.80mm2

b) Solution
Mn = Asfy (d-a/2)
d= 20mm
n0 of bars= 6.00pcs.
As = (6)𝜋d^2/4 = 1884.96mm2
Asfy 1884.96(275)
a= = = 24.20mm
0.85f'cb 0.85(21)(1200)
Mn= Asfy (d-a/2) = (1884.96)(275)(120-24.2/2)/1000000 = 55.93kN.m

c) Solution 2.5m

w
1200.00mm

2.5m

x R
Mu w uniform Load

2.5m

Mu = R(x)
R= 2.5w
x= 1.25m
Mu = 2.5w(1.25)

Mu = øMn = øAsfy (d-a/2)

c = a / β1 = 24.2/0.85 28.47mm
120 - c = 120-28.471 = 91.53mm
εt = (120-c) 0.003/c 0.003(91.529) / 28.471 = 0.009644445 > .005 ductile section
ø= 0.9
Mu = øMn = øAsfy (d-a/2) = 0.9(1884.96)(275)(120-24.2/2) = 50.34kN.m

Mu = R(x) = 2.5w(1.25m)
50.34kN.m =2.5w(1.25m)
w= 16.11kN/m
16.11kN/m
uniform Load = = 13.42kPa
1.2m
 A reinforced concrete beam section is 400 mm wide and 600 mm deep. It is to be reinforced with 12 mmØ stirrups and 28mmØ reinforcing
bars with clear concrete covering of 50 mm. Consider f’c = 38 MPa and fy = 415 MPa. Value of β1 shall be 0.85 for f’c between 17 and 28 MPa.
For f’c > 28 MPa,β1 shall be reduced linearly at a rate of 0.05 for each 7 MPa in excess of 28 MPa.
1.)If the section is to be reinforced for tension only, determine the maximum number of 28 mmØ bars that must be
provided so that the tension steel strain εt will not be less than 0.006.
2.)If the beam is reinforced with 5 - 28mmØ tension steel only, calculate the tension steel strain εt.
3.)If the beam is reinforced with 8 - 28mmØ tension steel (in two layers of 4 bars each with 25 mm clear distance between layers),
calculate the tension steel strain εt.
4.). Determine the strength reduction factor,ø, of the beam section in Question 18

stirrup = 12.00mm E = 200000MPa f’c = 38MPa

cc = 50.00mm εc = 0.003 fy = 415MPa

1.)If the section is to be reinforced for tension only, determine the maximum number of 28 mmØ bars
400.00mm that must be provided so that the tension steel strain εt will not be less than 0.006.
β1 = 0.65 ≤ 0.85 - (f’c – 28MPa)) 0.05/7≤ 0.85 = 0.77857

εt = 0.006

600.00mm d . . 0.85(38)N/mm2(0.779) 0.003

𝜌= [ ] = 415MPa
[ 0.003 + 0.006
] = 0.0202
.

d= 600-50-12-28/2 = 524.00mm

Reinforcement 28mm Φ As = ρbd = 0.0202(400)(524) = 4233.92mm2

As = 615.75mm2
n0 = 4233.92/615.7536 = 6.875997152 Say = 7pcs -
28mm Φ
2.)If the beam is reinforced with 5 - 28mmØ tension steel only, calculate the tension steel strain εt.

400.00mm As = (5)𝜋d^2/4 = 3078.77mm2

0.003
Asfy 3078.768(415)
a= = = 98.89mm
c 0.85f'cb 0.85(38)(400)

600.00mm d c = a / β1 = 98.89/0.77857 127.02mm

d-c
d-c= 524-127.015 = 396.99mm

εt εt= (d-c)0.003/c = 396.985(0.003) / 127.015 = 0.009376491

As= 5pcs - 28mm Φ > .005 ductile section

3.)If the beam is reinforced with 8 - 28mmØ tension steel (in two layers of 4 bars each with 25 mm clear distance between layers),
calculate the tension steel strain εt.

400.00mm
12.00mm 0.85f'c εc = 0.003
C = 0.85f'ca(400)
a c a=𝛃1c a/2
N.A
d
25.00mm 600.00mm d - a/2
d-c
As Asfy
εt

102.50mm 50.00mm beam section equivalent stress strain

As= 8pcs - 28mm Φ block

As = (8)𝜋d^2/4 = 4926.03mm2
Asfy 4926.03(415)
a= = = 158.23mm
0.85f'cb 0.85(38)(400)
c = a / β1 = 158.23/0.77857 203.23mm
d= 600-50-12-28/2 = 524.00mm 0
d-c= 524-203.232 = 320.77mm 203.23mm
εt = (d - c)0.003/c = 320.768(0.003) / 203.232 = 0.004735002
< .005 Transition region 275
4.). Determine the strength reduction factor,ø, of the beam section in Question 18 200000
(𝜀𝑡 − 𝜀𝑡𝑦) εty = fy / E = 415/200000 = 0.002075 0.001375
ø = 0.65 + 0.25
(0.005 − 𝜀𝑡𝑦)
(. . )
ø = 0.65 + 0.25 = 0.8774
( . . )
 A reinforced concrete section is shown below. All dimensions are in millimeter. f'c = 21 MPa and f y = 415 MPa.
1.) Calculate the tension steel strain εt at strength condition.
2.) Calculate the flexural strength of the section (in kN-m).

75mm 75mm
75mm 150mm 75mm
f’c = 21MPa
150mm 75mm fy = 415MPa
75mm E= 200000MPa
εc = 0.003

750mm 675mm
0.85f'c

As= 5pcs - 28mm Φ 150𝑚𝑚

𝐶1
75mm 75𝑚𝑚
75𝑚𝑚 𝐶2
300mm 75𝑚𝑚 𝐶3
450mm 75𝑚𝑚
84.06𝑚𝑚
1.) Calculate the tension steel strain εt at strength condition.
Find the Location of Neutral Axis

450mm
εc = 0.003
11250 150mm C1
22500 a c C2
x C3
𝑁. 𝐴
33750 d2 d1
d d-c d3

εt Asfy

0.85f'cAc = Asfy
As = (5)𝜋d^2/4 = 3078.77mm2
Ac = Asfy / 0.85F'c = 71579.20mm2

33750+450x = 71579.2
x= 84.06mm
a = 150 + x = 150 +84.0649 = 234.06mm

Calculate the strain in the steel εt

β1 = 0.85
c = a / β1 = 234.0649/0.85 = 275.37mm
d-c= 675-275.3705 = 399.63mm
εt= (d - c)0.003/c = 399.6295(0.003) / 275.3705 = 0.004353729
< .005 Transition region
2.) Calculate the flexural strength of the section (in kN-m).
(𝜀𝑡 − 𝜀𝑡𝑦) εty = fy / E = 415/200000 = 0.002075
ø = 0.65 + 0.25
(0.005 − 𝜀𝑡𝑦)
(. . )
ø = 0.65 + 0.25 = 0.8448
( . . )

Mn = Asfy(d-a/2)
C1 = 11250(0.85f'c )= 11250mm2(0.85)21N/mm2= 200812.50N
C2 = 22500(0.85f'c )= 22500mm2(0.85)21N/mm2= 401625.00N
C3 = 37829.205(0.85f'c )= 37829.205mm2(0.85)21N/mm2= 675251.31N
d1 = 675-75/2 = 637.50mm
d2 = 675-75-75/2 = 562.50mm
d3 = 675-75-75-84.0649/2 = 482.97mm
Mn = C1d1 + C2d2 + C3d3 =
Mn = 200812.5(637.5) + 401625(562.5) + 675251.30925(482.96755) = 680056501.71N.mm
Mn = 680056501.712765N.mm /1000000 = 680.06kN.m
øMn = Mu = 0.8448(680.057) = 574.51kN.m