Exam 1

1. The atom is the smallest unit of life that can live and reproduce on its own or as part of a
multicellular organism? FALSE

2. Tissues are organized aggregations of cells and substances interacting in a specialized

activity.

3. Energy can be stored in different forms like light, chemical, kinetic, and thermal.

4. Heart lies within the mediastinum.

5. Metabolism is the sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions within cells. TRUE

6. Saturated fats are solid at room temperature because of kinks in their fatty acid tail.
FALSE

7. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-enclosed organelles, the largest is usually the

nucleus.

8. Occur when there is attraction between cations and anions? None of the above

9. Amphipathic molecules contain regions that are hydrophobic and hydrophilic. TRUE

10. Proteins can be enzymes.

11. Carbohydrates are single monomers or many simple sugars.

12. Acromial refers to the point of the shoulder.

13. Popliteal refers to the back of the knee.

14. Manus refers to the back of the hand.

15. Cervical refers to the neck.

16. Cut splitting the body into equal left and right halves is a sagittal cut.

17. The most distal portion of the lower limb is called the foot.

18. Humans are quadrupedal in nature. FALSE

19. Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms. FALSE

20. Cellulose is the main structural component of plant cell walls.

21. Glycogen is a short term energy storing molecule in animals.

22. Starch is a short term energy storage molecule in plant cells.

23. Hydrogen bonds occur because of slight positive charges on hydrogen atoms and slight

negative charges on other atoms. TRUE

24. Water is most dense at 4* centigrade. TRUE

25. The primary structure of a protein is determined by interactions between R groups.

FALSE

26. The secondary structure of a protein is formed by the amino acid sequence dictated by

DNA. FALSE

27. Anaphase is the separation of sister chromatids to opposite sides of cells.

28. Metaphase is the alignment of sister Chromatids to the equator of the cell.

29. Nucleotides are composed of all of the following except. NO EXCEPTION

30. Mitochondria are the sites of fermentation reactions that produce ATP. FALSE

31. Epithelial tissue lines the surfaces of the body.

32. All epithelium is nonvascularized and is strictly serviced through diffusion of molecules

from underlying connective tissue. TRUE

33. Although bone is solid and hard, it is actually a very dynamic tissue. TRUE

34. Elastin fibers in connective tissue allow it to stretch and rebound to its original shape.

35. Dense regular connective tissue in ligaments are arranged parallel to one another to

provide strength in a particular direction.

36. Which tissue is mostly composed of cells? NONE OF THE ABOVE

37. Blood is responsible for moving oxygen to tissues and moving carbon dioxide to lungs.

38. Hyaline cartilage is found on the ends of bones that articulate with each other.

39. Intervertebral discs are made up of elastic cartilage. FALSE

40. Specialization and differentiation of cells decreases the overall function of those cells.

FALSE

41. Which tissue is considered a structural tissue? BONE

 42. Skeletal muscle works with what to move, support, and protect the body? BONE

43. Chondroitin sulfates in cartilage bind with ground substance proteins to form

proteoglycans.

44. Reticular are branched elastic fibers that give strength to soft organs like the spleen.

45. Schwann cells produce the myelin sheath that insulates the axons of neurons.

46. Transitional epithelium is found in the urinary bladder and uterus.

47. The lamina of the basement membrane is secreted by epithelial cells. NONE OF THE

ABOVE

48. Endocrine glands produce, store, and secrete hormones into the bloodstream. TRUE

49. What tissue is not a supportive connective tissue? CARTILAGE

50. What tissue moves food and their products/waste through the digestive tract? SMOOTH
MUSCLE

Exam 2
1. The deltoid muscle attaches to the deltoid tuberosity of the ulna
a. True
b. False
2. The femur is classified as a long bone
a. True
b. false
3. All of the following bones make up the orbit of the eye except
a. Maxilla
b. Lacrimal
c. Zygomatic
d. No exception
4. The medial and lateral malleoli form large bone projection of the “ankle”
a. True
b. False
5. Bone tissue creates new blood
a. True
b. False
6. The phalanges of the fingers are considered long bones
a. True
b. False
7. The dermis is made up of _____ tissue
a. Connective
b. Skeletal muscle tissue
c. Adipose
d. None are correct
8. Langerhans cells are found in the stratum corneum
a. True
b. False
9. The ___ is an opening with ragged edges. No vessels or nevers pass through it
a. Optic canal
b. Carotid canal
c. Foramen spinosum
d. Foramen lacerum
10. The anatomic term for bone is ___ tissue
a. Epithelial
b. Osseus
c. Adipose
d. Chondrocyte
11. The ____ layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin
a. Stratum basale
b. Stratum corneum
c. Stratum spinosum
d. Stratum lucidum
12. The intercostal cartilages are made up of ___ cartilage
a. Elastic
b. Hyaline
c. Fibrocartilage
d. Bone
13. The strong nature of bone is due to the high fiber count of the tissue
a. True
b. False
14. ___ do not generate from osseous tissue
a. Osteoblasts
b. Osteoclasts
c. Osteogenic cells
d. Osteocytes
15. The reticular layer of the dermis is made of loose,areolar connective tissue
a. True
b. False
16. Too much melanin can interfere in the production of
a. Vitamin c
b. Vitamin B6
c. Vitamin B12
d. Vitamin D
17. The coxal bone is composed of 2 fused bones
a. False
18. ___ in the skin respond to the vibrations
a. Dermal papillae
b. Meissner corpuscle
c. Eccrine glands
d. None are correct
19. The main function/functions of the skeletal systems are ___
a. Support
b. Protection
c. Movement
d. All are correct
20. Bones are strong and resilient because of the potassium carbonate in the ECM
a. True
b. False
21. Hyaline cartilage makes up the epiglottis
a. True
b. False
22. The ____ is the site of hematopoiesis
a. Yellow marrow
b. Red marrow
c. Endosteum
d. Periosteum
23. A fissure is an elongated basin
a. True
b. False
24. _____ are responsible for raising blood calcium levels
a. Osteoblasts
b. Osteoclasts
c. Osteocytes
d. Osteogenic cells
25. The ____ is where the major artery to the brain enters the skull
a. Carotid canal
b. Foramen lacerum
c. Foramen rotundum
d. Foramen ovale
26. Most of the hard palate is made up
a. Mandible
b. Maxilae
c. Palatine bones
d. None are connect
27. ___ are a lattice like network or matrix spikes found in spongy bone
a. Lacunae
b. Trabeculae
 c. Caniculi
d. Osteons
28. As we age elastin fibers in connective tissue decreases in quantity
a. True
b. False
29. Adipose tissue produces new blood
a. True
b. False
30. ___ are mature bone cells that maintain mineral concentration in the ECM
a. Osteoblasts
b. Osteoclasts
c. Osteocytes
d. Osteogenic cells
31. The ___ is a storage site for fat
a. Yellow marrow
b. Red marrow
c. Endosteum
d. Periosteum
32. The ___ bone does not articulate with any other bone in the body
a. Hyoid
b. Sphenoid
c. Clavicle
d. Sternum
33. The epidermis is made up of stratified squamous epithelium
a. True
b. False
34. Eccrine sweat glands produce thick milky sweat and are associated with densely hairy
areas of the body
a. True
b. False
35. The ___ prevents hypertension of the forearm
a. Olecranon fossa
b. Radial fossa
c. Capitulum
d. Acetabulum
36. The ___ is a load bearing bone of the leg
a. Femur
b. Tibia
c. Fibula
d. Radium
37. The basal lamina and the reticular lamina from the ___ of epithelium
a. Extracellular matrix
b. Basement membrane
c. Plasma membrane
 d. None are correct
38. The osteocytes communicate with other osteocytes through lacunae
a. True
b. False
39. The pituitary gland sits in the hypophyseal fossa of the ___ bone
a. Ethmoid bone
b. Frontal
c. Sphenoid
d. Occipital
40. A head is a prominent rounded surface
a. True
b. False
41. The head of the femur articulates with the __ of the coxal bone
a. Glenoid cavity
b. Capitutum
c. Acetabulum
d. Coronoid fossa
42. There are 12 cervical vertebrae
a. True
b. False
43. A hair follicle is an epidermal penetration of the dermis
a. True
b. False
44. ___ are responsible for bone resorption
a. Osteoblasts
b. Osteoclasts
c. Osteocytes
d. Osteogenic cells
45. False Ribs do not articulate with costal cartilage
a. True
b. False
46. The ___ of the shoulder girdle is the only bone to articulate with the axial skeleton
a. Sphenoid
b. Humorous
c. Scapula
d. Clavicle
47. The __ of the epidermis contains actively dividing cells
a. Stratum basale
b. Stratum granulosum
c. Stratum corneum
d. Stratum lucidum
48. Keratin gives hair and skin its color
a. True
b. False
 49. ___ are responsible for forming new bone and are found in growling portions of bone
a. Osteoblast
b. Osteoclasts
c. Osteocytes
d. Osteogenic cells
50. All epithelium is non-vascularized
a. True
b. false
Exam 3

1. Skeletal muscular contractions are voluntarily controlled by the endocrine system.

FALSE
2. Most of the ATP required for muscular contractions is produced through aerobic
respiration.
TRUE
3. The sport of boxing is an example of humans using muscles to throw bones at other
humans.
TRUE
4. The diaphragm is the main muscle involved in inhalation and exhalation.
TRUE
5. The _______ is the antagonist to the biceps brachii.
TRICEPS BRACHII
6. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter involved in muscular contractions.
TRUE
7. _________ muscle is responsible for maintaining blood pressure and moving
substances through the body (digestive tract).
SMOOTH
8. The thumb has the ability to move away from the palm in two ways because the
articulation is _________.
SADDLE JOINT
9. Muscle fibers are skeletal muscle cells.
TRUE
10. If I point my finger at you, I use my extensor indicis.
FALSE
11. The deltoid muscle inserts into the deltoid tuberosity of the _______.
HUMERUS
12. The orbicularis oris is an example of a(n) __________.
CIRCULAR
13. The fibularis longus is, in general, pennate muscle.
FALSE
14. The ________ stabilizes the clavicle during movement by depressing it.
SUBCLAVIUS
15. The ________ brings elbows together and up as in an uppercut (a kind of punch).
PECTORALIS MAJOR
16. The ________ moves the arm from the side of the body to the front of the body.
SERRATUS ANTERIOR
17. A ________ is a specialized fibrous joint that anchors the root of a tooth in to its bony
socket.
GOMPHOSIS
18. Actin filaments move towards the outer Z discs.
FALSE
19. Positive sodium ions open voltage gated channels in muscle fibers.
TRUE
20. The biceps femoris is superficial to the __________.
VASTUS LATERALIS
21. ________ muscle aids in the venous return of blood to the heart.
SKELETAL MUSCLE
22. The psoas major and the illiacus converge to become the illiopsoas.
FALSE
23. In muscle cells, T tubules allow the action potential to reach the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
TRUE
24. Sodium ions are responsible for removing shielding proteins on actin heads.
FALSE
25. The elbow flexes on one plain with a ______.
HINGE JOINT
26. Creatine phosphate, in muscles, can store energy in its phosphate bonds.
TRUE
27. The largest muscle of the gluteal group is the _________.
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
28. The ________ is the functional unit of a muscle fiber.
SARCOMERE
29. The quadriceps are located in the posterior compartment.
FALSE
30. The biceps femoris extends the knee.
FALSE
31. The ________ originates at the sternum and clavicle and inserts
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
32. A _______ is a fibrous joint in which two parallel bones are united to each other by
fibrous connective
SYNDESMOSIS
33. Movement of limbs away from the midline of the body is adduction.
FALSE
34. _________ fibers have fast contractions and primarily use anaerobic glycolysis.
FG
35. The intercostal muscles assist in extension of the vertebral column.
FALSE
36. _________ ions move shielding proteins away from actin filaments.
CALCIUM
37. ________ muscle is responsible for moving blood away from the heart
SMOOTH
38. ________ Palms facing downward indicat a pronated position.
TRUE
39. The ________ assists in flexion of the vertebral column when sitting up.
RECTUS ABDOMINIS
40. Fibers contract relatively slowly and use aerobic respiration to produce ATP.
SO