DCCN

EXPERIMENT-5
Familiarization of Network IP & Subnetting & Supernetting
Aim: Study of Network IP and Sub Netting & Super Netting.
 Classification of IP address
I P Address in Networking:
In networking,
 IP Address is short for Internet Protocol Address.
 It is a unique address assigned to each computing device in an IP

network.
 ISP assigns IP Address to all the devices present on its network.
 Computing devices use IP Address to identify and communicate with

other devices in the IP network.
T ypes Of IP Address:
1. S tatic IP Address:
Static IP Address is an IP Address that once assigned to a network element always
remains the same.
They are configured manually.
 Some ISPs do not provide static IP addresses.
 Static IP Addresses are more costly than dynamic IP Addresses.
2. D ynamic IP Address:
 Dynamic IP Address is a temporarily assigned IP Address to a network
element.
 It can be assigned to a different device if it is not in use.
 DHCP or PPPoE assigns dynamic IP addresses.
I P Address Format:
 IP Address is a 32 bit binary address written as 4 numbers separated by
dots.
 The 4 numbers are called as octets where each octet has 8 bits.
 The octets are divided into 2 components- Net ID and Host ID.
1. Network ID represents the IP Address of the network and is used to

identify the network.
2. Host ID represents the IP Address of the host and is used to identify the
host within the network.
I P Address Example:
Example of an IP Address is-
00000001.10100000.00001010.11110000
(Binary Representation) OR
1.160.10.240
(Decimal Representation)
C LASS A:
In class A IP Address,
The first 8 bits are used for the Network ID.
The remaining 24 bits are used for the Host ID.
T otal Number Of IP Addresses-
Total number of IP Addresses available in class A
= Numbers possible due to remaining available 31 bits
= 231
Total Number Of Networks-
Total number of networks available in class A
= Numbers possible due to remaining available 7 bits in the Net ID – 2
= 27 – 2
= 126
(The reason of subtracting 2 is explained later.)
Total Number Of Hosts-
Total number of hosts that can be configured in class A
= Numbers possible due to available 24 bits in the Host ID – 2
= 224 – 2
(The reason of subtracting 2 is explained later.) R
ange Of 1st Octet-
We have-
Minimum value of 1st octet = 00000000 = 0
Maximum value of 1st octet = 01111111 = 127
From here,
Range of 1st octet = [0, 127]
But 2 networks are reserved and unused.
So, Range of 1st octet = [1, 126]
U se-
Class A is used by organizations requiring very large size networks like NASA,
Pentagon etc.
C LASS B:
In class B IP Address,
 The first 16 bits are used for the Network ID.
 The remaining 16 bits are used for the Host ID.

Total number of IP Addresses available in class B
= 230
Total Number Of Networks-
Total number of networks available in class B
= Numbers possible due to remaining available 14 bits in the Net ID
= 214
Total Number Of Hosts-

Total number of hosts that can be configured in class B
= 216 – 2
Range Of 1st Octet-
We have-
Use-
Class B is used by organizations requiring medium size networks like IRCTC,
banks etc.
CLASS C:
In class C IP Address,
 The first 24 bits are used for the Network ID.
 The remaining 8 bits are used for the Host ID.

Total number of IP Addresses available in class C
= 229
T otal Number Of Networks-
Total number of networks available in class C
= Numbers possible due to remaining available 21 bits in the Net ID
= 221
T otal Number Of Hosts-
Total number of hosts that can be configured in class C
= 28 – 2
Range Of 1st Octet-
We have-

Use-
Class C is used by organizations requiring small to medium size networks. For example-
engineering colleges, small universities, small offices etc.
C LASS D:
Class D is not divided into Network ID and Host ID.

Total number of IP Addresses available in class D
= 228
Range Of 1st Octet-
We have-

Use-
 Class D is reserved for multicasting.
 In multicasting, there is no need to extract host address from the IP
Address.This is because data is not destined for a particular host.
C LASS E:
Class E is not divided into Network ID and Host ID.

Total number of IP Addresses available in class E
= 228
Range Of 1st Octet-
We have-

Use-
Class E is reserved for future or experimental purposes.
C lassless Addressing-
Classless Addressing is an improved IP Addressing system. It
makes the allocation of IP Addresses more efficient.
It replaces the older classful addressing system based on classes. It is
also known as Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR).
CIDR Block-
When a user asks for specific number of IP Addresses,
CIDR dynamically assigns a block of IP Addresses based on certain rules.
This block contains the required number of IP Addresses as demanded by the user.
This block of IP Addresses is called as a CIDR block.
Rules For Creating CIDR Block-
A CIDR block is created based on the following 3 rules-
Rule-01:
All the IP Addresses in the CIDR block must be contiguous.
Rule-02:
The size of the block must be presentable as power of 2.
Size of the block is the total number of IP Addresses contained in the block
Size of any CIDR block will always be in the form 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and so on.
Rule-03:
First IP Address of the block must be divisible by the size of the block.
CIDR Notation-
CIDR IP Addresses look like-
a.b.c.d / n
They end with a slash followed by a number called as IP network prefix.

IP network prefix tells the number of bits used for the identification of network.
Remaining bits are used for the identification of hosts in the network.
Name: Anmol Sharma
SAPID: 500094810
Batch: B4 Non-Hons

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EXPERIMENT-5

Familiarization of Network IP & Subnetting & Supernetting

Aim: Study of Network IP and Sub Netting & Super Netting.

 IP Address is short for Internet Protocol Address.

 It is a unique address assigned to each computing device in an IP

 ISP assigns IP Address to all the devices present on its network.

 Computing devices use IP Address to identify and communicate with

1. Network ID represents the IP Address of the network and is used to

 The first 16 bits are used for the Network ID.

 The remaining 16 bits are used for the Host ID.

T otal Number Of IP Addresses-

Total Number Of Hosts-

 The first 24 bits are used for the Network ID.

 The remaining 8 bits are used for the Host ID.

Minimum value of 1st octet = 11000000 = 192

T otal Number Of IP Addresses-

Minimum value of 1st octet = 11100000 = 224

T otal Number Of IP Addresses-

Minimum value of 1st octet = 11110000 = 240

They end with a slash followed by a number called as IP network prefix.

Name: Anmol Sharma

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