Concept Paper

ICT Project Name: REDUCING THE SMOKE COMNG FROM THE VEHICLE
USING THE FUEL ADDITIVES
Group #: B5
Section: 12-STEM B
Introduction:
The world is currently experiencing a severe energy resource crisis as a result of
several decades of industrialization fueled by the use of conventional fuels.
Energy is essential for sustaining a nation's expanding economic development.
Due to a lack of energy resources, Taiwan imports almost all of its energy needs
(Cheng et al., 2011). Due to the undeniable fact that both the current and future
generations will require sustainable energy, these conditions arise globally.
Reducing fuel consumption is necessary to solve this issue, and finding a
different source for fuel additives is crucial.
Purpose:
The goal of this project is to investigate and evaluate the viability of using orange
peels as a source for an alternative fuel additive to reduce the pollution brought on
by fossil fuels. In this study, we concentrated on Citrus sinensis, or more
commonly known as orange, peels as a source for alternative fuel additives.
Additionally, this study was done to make the most of the "trash" as it is perceived
by the public, turn it into biogas, and create a product that will help the public as
well as the students while lowering solid waste.
 The goal of this project is to investigate and evaluate the viability of using
orange peels as a source for an alternative fuel additive to reduce the
pollution brought on by fossil fuels. In this study, we concentrated on Citrus
sinensis, or more commonly known as orange, peels as a source for
alternative fuel additives. Additionally, this study was done to make the most
of the "trash" as it is perceived by the public, turn it into biogas, and create a
product that will help the public as well as the students while lowering solid
waste.
 Second, to demonstrate to readers and researchers that orange peels can be
used to start a fire using flammable oils and other carbon compounds while
reducing the pollution brought on by conventional fuels. By achieving this
goal, many people will gain knowledge about the efficiency and
sustainability of using orange peel wastes to create biogas, which is very
desirable.
 Next, to educate the audience about the fact that there are numerous ways to
protect the environment. By achieving this goal, people will keep coming up
with new ways to protect the environment.
 Finally, the main goal of this study is to develop a more effective and
efficient method for making fuel additives from orange peels. This will
educate readers and potential researchers about the value of using alternative
energy sources to potentially address issues related to the depletion of (non-
renewable) energy sources.
Description:
Questions form the basis of this work and are necessary for it to succeed. In order
to reduce pollution from fossil fuels and to better understand the advantages of
this gas source and its impact on the environment, this project aims to investigate
the potential of Citrus sinensis (orange) peels as an alternative fuel additive
source.
Specifically, the study attempts to answer the following questions.
 What kind of procedure will be used to convert Citrus sinensis (orange) peel
into a fuel additive?
 What potentiality does Citrus sinensis (orange) peels have to be an effective
fuel additive to conventional fuel gas?
 How does the use of fuel additives made from Citrus sinensis (orange) peels
help in making E20 fuel/gas more efficient and eco-friendly?
The issues and queries raised in the aforementioned statement will be addressed by
this study, which will also help readers and researchers better understand oranges,
or Citrus sinensis, and the significance of using them as additives to make biofuel
more effective and efficient.
Support:
For the most part, people relied on flint stone fragments that were pounded
together to start a fire that they could use to cook their food. This act persists
despite the early gas stoves powered by wood, charcoal, fossil fuels, and natural
gas tending to change it. Finding alternatives, such as biofuels, may be the answer
to changing the world's reliance from nonrenewable to renewable resources, as
fossil fuel reserves are currently running out. Strom (2019) claims that biofuel is
a renewable energy source because it is made from plant waste and anything else
derived from a living organism. Utilizing organic waste, particularly citrus fruit
seeds and peels, is the first step in the production of biofuel. Biofuel is typically
nontoxic, and if a nation has plenty of land to grow fuel crops, it may be able to
reduce dependence and increase local sustainability. According to Singh (2015),
first generation biofuels are those that are made from edible energy crops like
sugar cane, corn, wheat, and citrus fruits. It is crucial to remember that while the
source from which the fuel is derived changes, the components of the biofuel
themselves do not. One of the most popular first-generation biofuel feedstocks is
citrus fruit. The majority of the world's citrus production, which is used to make
alternative fuel additives, comes from Iran. In the nation that formerly produced
biofuel, 2.59 million hectares of these horticultural products were under
cultivation as of 2014 (Taghizadeh-Alisaraei et al., 2017). Citrus fruits are an
excellent source of raw materials for biofuels because they contain both sugar and
starch. By using this feedstock, less fossil fuel would be used, which would have
a positive environmental impact.
(Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles .)
Contact Information:
Argie Maraña
[email protected]
09566522929
Jaybee Ansaldo
[email protected]
09519574075
Christian James Borjal
[email protected]
09453081339
Niel Aaron Macabatao

[email protected]
09451067506
Jomairy Pamlian
[email protected]
09318704023
Kennedy Manayan
[email protected]
09192823167
Conclusion:
We came to the conclusion that the use of fuel additives made from Citrus
sinensis (orange) peels can assist in resolving issues related to the depletion of
non-renewable energy sources by lowering fuel consumption. By improving
engine performance, these fuel additives may enable greater utilization of energy
sources made from fossil fuels. The E20 fuel, which uses 20% fuel additive and
80% gas instead of 100% gas, results in lower fuel consumption, lower fuel costs,
and less reliance on conventional fuel, which is made from fossil fuels that may
take millions of years to replenish. We also came to the conclusion that fuel
additives based on orange peel can benefit the environment. First, using orange
peels to make the product offers a way to turn the citrus peel waste that the food
processing industries discard into an energy source. Utilizing these can help
reduce the amount of solid waste because the orange peel comprises the largest
volume of citrus waste, accounting for 20% of it. The orange-peel based fuel
additive not only reduces waste, but also turns citrus waste into a useful product
that can help maximize the use of traditional energy sources derived from fossil
fuels and lower the amount of carbon emissions that are bad for the environment.

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ICT Project Name: REDUCING THE SMOKE COMNG FROM THE VEHICLE

USING THE FUEL ADDITIVES

Specifically, the study attempts to answer the following questions.

(Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles .)

Niel Aaron Macabatao

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