Ri Mikroteknik

MICROTECHNIQUE
IDEA ENGINEERING
“MENGUKUR LINGKAR TUMBUH POHON DISEKITAR”
Arranged By
Teresia Okarina (4193342005)
BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION S1 STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF MATH AND SCIENCE
MEDAN STATE UNIVERSITY
2021
1
FOREWORD
Praise and gratitude we pray to the presence of God Almighty who has
bestowed His gifts and gifts, so that we can complete the engineering of this idea
with the title "Measuring the circumference of growing around trees".
Idea Engineering is one of the requirements that must be met by students

of the Biology Education Study Program, State University of Medan. On this
occasion the author would like to thank Prof. Dr. Herbert Sipahutar, M.S., M.Sc
as a microtechnical lecturer.
As the author, I realize that there are limitations in the preparation of this
assignment report. We also expect suggestions and constructive criticism so that
we can improve this writing in the future. Hopefully this report can be useful for
the author and for all readers.
Medan, 20 November 2021
Writer
2
CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
1.1 Background
Trees are prime candidates that can extract archives paleoclimate, widely
distributed and able to live more than 1400 years (Chambers 1998). Climatic
conditions are stored and recorded permanently in the biomass structure, so trees
can monitor environmental conditions in the tree ring structure. This can be
studied in dendrochronological studies that link the relationship between trees
with climate and ecological conditions local. Trees adapt to survive, but abnormal
climatic patterns and environmental conditions can cause stress to the tree. The
regeneration process and the sudden or gradual changes will affect the growth of
saplings. Failure to understand the interaction of climate change and tree
physiology can lead to the extinction of some tree species.
According to Stahle (1999) dendrochronology by using growth rings to

determine tree age has given a major contribution to the understanding of forest
dynamics and the yield potential of an area in various countries.
Dendrochronological studies are rarely conducted in the tropics because
information on tropical tree population dynamics is of little value to the forest
industry, conservation actors, and land owners. Hayden (2008) adds that the
prerequisite for obtaining information population dynamics must know the
periodicity of tree growth rings so that it can be expressed as a circle of years.
This research is important to do considering the climatic conditions In urban

areas, there are many areas conservation. Research on dendrichronology is still
very minimally done in countries with tropical rain forests such as Asia,
especially in Indonesia. For this reason, this research tries to provides an
opportunity to find tree species that are around us with computerized image
processing, this makes it easier for dendrochronological data analysis to remember
timber is the country's largest foreign exchange earner.
3
1.2 RI Purpose
1. Find and search for possible tree species in
2. the surrounding area which has a year circumference that can be indicated
as an indicator of climate change in the area
1.3 RI Benefit
The results of this study are expected to provide benefits in knowledge of
growth and measurement year circle with computerized method and relationship
with climate change is also expected to used as a reference and reference in the
management and preparation of effective and efficient exploratory strategies
inselection of quality wood for various aspects needs
4
CHAPTER II
THEORITICAL REVIEW
The word dendrochronology comes from the Greek, namely

dendron which means wood or tree, and chronology which is a branch of
science relating to the time and date of an event, so it is defined as a
science that studies the characteristics of tree growth circumference to find
out the chronology or events that occurred in the an area. Trees are one of
the organisms that are affected by climate. The growth circle which is a
component of the tree can record changes climate so that it can be used as
a source of paleoclimatic or called climate proxies that can be used to
reconstruct climate. Climate proxy is a climate indicator that can be
recorded by lake sediments, ice sheets, growth circumference/tree year
circumference, and so on (Le Treut et al., 2007).
Tree circumference analysis is one of the important methods in
determining age and documenting (recording) long-term tree growth
trends. At first dendrochronology was used to determine the age of trees.
Grissino (2003) added that until now the application of dendrochronology
is increasingly being used, for example to analyze events in the past
(climate reconstruction, hydrology, forest fires, insect attacks, archeology,
and so on).
The systematic study of tree rings in western North America was
initiated by an astronomer, Andrew Ellicott Douglass. Douglass'
investigations began in 1901 based on the statement: that tree rings reflect
the availability of nutrients and food at the time of growth. The amount of
food available is highly dependent on the amount of moisture present,
especially in drier climates with limited moisture quantities and tree
defenses against drought. Compared to competing with vegetation. Thus,
the tree circle will reflect the level of rainfall and be used as a rain gauge.
5
Then this dendrochronological method continues in studying the
dynamics of forest ecosystems and different natural processes,
reconstruction of climate and catastrophic phenomena, and evaluation of
forest management. One of them is Olenin who used tree ring analysis to
study the dynamics of forest cycles in the western slopes of the Urals and
eastern Russia in 1976. Several anomalies formed in the tree rings, namely
the unclear boundary between early wood and late wood produced, as well
as the number of growing rings. wedging ring, short tree life, and rare
species which has potential in dendrochronological analysis.
6
CHAPTER IIIIII
METHODS
3.1 Alat Dan Bahan
Tools Material
Alat bor Data dari spesimen
Mikroom Sorong Spesimen (pepohonan)
Komputer Larutan perawrna safrin
Absolut
Xylol
3.2 Work Procedure

The collection of wood samples (cores) for testing tree species capable of
forming growth rings was carried out using a drill technique. The working steps
can be seen as follows.
1. Exploration of Trees in forest area by reference.

2. If you have noted and look for information about related species.
3. Start drilling until it penetrates the tree core (pith) in the trunk with a
height of 130 cm from the ground surface
4. The core sample is then affixed to the specimen wood and pulverized.
5. Potential tree species were then followed up by observing the anatomy of
the wood by providing an incision using a caliper microtome in a
transverse incision. The incisions were stained with 1% Safranin in 30%
alcohol solution,
6. then dehydrated with a series of alcohol solutions until the alcohol is
absolute and ends up in xylol.
7
3.3 Tree analysis technique
Analysis
Before starting, first analyze the existing problems. After that, look for and
study the algorithms that will be used to solve the problem. These algorithms
include: grayscale with luminosity, median filtering, edge detection with prewitt,
edge linking with local processing, and chain code
Design
a) Grayscale with Luminosity, Is the first process that will do. Changed user
input image become gray. One way with algorithm luminosity, with the
formula: GRAYSCALE = (0.3 x RED) + (0.59 x GREEN) + (0.11 x
BLUE).
b) Median Filtering, After the image becomes gray Then the median filtering
was performed. Used for remove noise and soften the image. Median
filtering is done by taking all values of neighbors in 3x3 and find the
middle value.
c) Edge Detection with Prewitt, After going through 2 processes Then the
edge detection process is carried out. With In this process the lines / edges
in the image will be detected and see clearly. Edge Linking with Local
Processing, This is a advanced process of edge detection. So that the edge
pixels are disconnected due to noise or other things can be connected.
Edge Linking is an optimization of the edge process detection to connect
the disconnected pixels. Here using local processing algorithm. With how
to compare a pixel that is being processed with its neighbors, it can be 3x3
or 5x5.
d) Thresholding, This process is carried out after several processes on. With
the aim of separating the line objects year circle with existing background.
e) Counting with Chain Code, This calculation process is the last process
using chain code, so that noise and other small objects are not counted.
And returns the sum of the circles for the year. Chain Code is a method for
pattern detection on edge of an image, by looking at the direction of each
8
pixel. So, beforehand should specify the code for each direction of each
pixel.
Dendrology comes from the word Dendro which means tree and Logos which
means knowledge. So Dendrology is the science of tree flora, especially those that
grow in forests / Taxonomy of woody plants (trees). Woody plants consist of:
a) The presence of vascular tissue (xylem, phloem)

b) Annual plant
c) The content of cellulose and hemicellulose is around 60% – 70%
d) Lignin about 40-30%
Scope of Dendrology
a) Taxonomy
b) Ecology
c) Introduction
d) Most Important Use
e) Tree Type Biodiversity
Indonesia is included in the Malesia flora area consisting of:
25,000 – 30,000 types of flowering plants;
4,000 – 4,500 tree species, and;
267 commercial timber species (covered in 120 trade timber species).
Benefits and Positions of Dendrology
To systematize knowledge about very diverse trees Provide guidelines for tree
recognition. Experiencing various kinds of phenotypic and genotypic variations.
Dendrology as a basic science for applied forestry sciences: Silviculture, Forest
Ecology, Harvesting, etc. Of course, dendrology will bring economic benefits to
the community, especially the forestry sector

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MICROTECHNIQUE

“MENGUKUR LINGKAR TUMBUH POHON DISEKITAR”

Teresia Okarina (4193342005)

BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION S1 STUDY PROGRAM

Idea Engineering is one of the requirements that must be met by students

Medan, 20 November 2021

According to Stahle (1999) dendrochronology by using growth rings to

This research is important to do considering the climatic conditions In urban

The word dendrochronology comes from the Greek, namely

3.1 Alat Dan Bahan

Alat bor Data dari spesimen

Mikroom Sorong Spesimen (pepohonan)

Komputer Larutan perawrna safrin

3.2 Work Procedure

1. Exploration of Trees in forest area by reference.

a) The presence of vascular tissue (xylem, phloem)

Indonesia is included in the Malesia flora area consisting of:

25,000 – 30,000 types of flowering plants;

4,000 – 4,500 tree species, and;

267 commercial timber species (covered in 120 trade timber species).

Benefits and Positions of Dendrology

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