Cheat Sheet AOS 3

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First Law: An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in

motion will remain in motion at a constant velocity unless acted


upon by an external force.

Second Law: Force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma).

Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite


reaction.

Circular Motion in a Horizontal Plane: Centripetal force is required


to keep an object moving in a circular path. Centripetal force is
directed towards the center of the circle and is proportional to the
square of the velocity.

Circular Motion on Banked Tracks: Banked tracks can help provide


the necessary centripetal force for circular motion. The angle of
banking required depends on the speed of the object and the
radius of the circle.

Circular Motion in a Vertical Plane: The centripetal force required


for circular motion in a vertical plane is provided by gravity. The
speed of the object at the top of the circle is lower than at the
bottom.

Projectiles Launched Horizontally: The horizontal velocity of a


projectile is constant, while the vertical velocity changes due to
gravity. The path of a projectile is a parabolic curve.

Projectiles Launched Obliquely: The motion of a projectile launched


at an angle can be broken into horizontal and vertical components.

The path of the projectile is a combination of the horizontal and


vertical components.

Conservation of Energy and Momentum: Energy and momentum


are conserved in a closed system. Energy can be transferred
between kinetic and potential energy. Momentum is the product of
mass and velocity.

Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity: The laws of physics are the


same for all inertial observers. The speed of light is constant and is
independent of the motion of the observer.

Time Dilation: Time appears to slow down for an object in motion


relative to a stationary observer. This effect is only noticeable at
speeds close to the speed of light.

Length Contraction: The length of an object appears to decrease


when it is in motion relative to a stationary observer. This effect is
only noticeable at speeds close to the speed of light.

Impulse: Impulse is the change in momentum of an object. Impulse


is equal to the force applied multiplied by the time it is applied.

Work Done: Work is the product of force and displacement. Work


done on an object can increase its kinetic energy.

Strain Potential Energy: Strain potential energy is stored energy in


an object that has been deformed. The amount of potential energy
stored is proportional to the amount of deformation.

Kinetic and Potential Energy: Kinetic energy is the energy of


motion. Potential energy is the energy of position.

Einstein's Mass-Energy Relationship: Energy and mass are


equivalent and can be converted into each other.

The amount of energy in a mass is given by E=mc^2, where E is


energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light.

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