SANITARY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

1. The PH value of fresh sewage is usually:

a) Equal 5
b) 5 to 7
c) More than 7
d) Less than 7

2. The rate of accumulation of sludge in septic tanks is recommended

as:
a) 25 liters / person / year
b) 28 liters / person / year
c) 35 liters / person / year
d) 30 liters /person/year

3. What is the slope of semimetal tank:

a) 1:20
b) 1:40
c) 1:60
d) 1:80

4. The danger for workers descending into a deep sewer is due to

a) Deficiency of Oxygen
b) Toxic gasses
c) Inflammable gasses
d) All of the above

5. The release time for the domestic septic tank:

a) 1 to 3 years
b) 2 to 3 years
c) 2 to 5 years
d) 2 to 4 years
6. The drop manholes are generally provided in sewers for:
a) Industrial areas
b) Large townships
c) Hilly townships
d) Cities in grasslands

7. De-sludging of Septic Tank is needed when:

a) ½ tank occupied
b) ¼ tank occupied
c) ½ to 2/3 tank occupied
d)None of these

8. Trickling filters are used to remove:

a) Suspended solids
b) Colloidal solids
c) Organic matter
d) Pathogenic bacteria

9. What is the maximum value for PH?

a) 1
b) >1
c) <1
d) Zero

10. What is the last stage of sewage treatment plant

a) Sludge treatment
b) Screen Treatment
c) Trickling Treatment
d) None of these
11.What is the factor affecting hardness of water?
a) Magnesium & Calcium
b) Magnesium only
c) Calcium only
d) None of these

12.Over flow rate 35 m3/w/day and tank 2.5x4x16m. So, what is the
flow rate is
a) 2240 m3/day
b) 800 m3/day
c) 350 m3/day
d) 0.22 m3/day

Over Flow = Flow rate /Area

35 = Flow rate/ (2.5x4)
Flow Rate = 10x35 = 350m3/day

13.A sample of 200ml wastewater is given in a container (weight of

container = 22.00 g) and was inserted in oven, after water evaporated
the weight of sample was given as 24.502 g then sample was inserted
in a burning oven and the weight changed to = 22.606g, volatile soids
content for this sample is equal to:

a) 0.0010 g/ml
b) 0.0085 g/ml
c) 0.0095 g/ml
d) 0.0068 g/ml
Weight of volatile content=24.502-22.606=1.896 g
Volatile solids content= 1.896 g/200 ml =0.0095 g/ml
14.Mercury (density = 13600 kg/m3, σ = 0.49N/mm internal diameter
open-ended capillary tube is inserted in the middle of the beaker into
the mercury. The meniscus in the tube will be below the external
mercury surface by how much distance?

a) 4.2 mm
b) 5.7 mm
c) 6.8 mm
d) 7.3 mm

σ = 0.49 N/mm = 0.49 ×103 N/m

Density= = 13600 kg/m3=13.6 N/m3
g=9.81 m/sec2
Capillary rise H =
.
= = 0.73m
. .

15.Activated sludge is the

a) resultant sludge removable from the aeration unit
b) sludge settled in the humus tank
c) sludge in the secondary tank post-aeration rich in microbial
mass
d) sludge in the secondary tank post aeration, rich in nutrients

16.Deepest utility in infrastructure works:

a) Water Pipes
b) Telecom
c) Electricity
d) Drainage
17.If $ 1000000 deposited, what will be the total amount after 5 years
accumulated on monthly basis with annual rate of return of 9%

a) $1565681
b) $1538623
c) $1546742
d) $1900000
(P) = $1000000
(i) = 0.09/12 = 0.0075 )monthly
(n) = 5*12 = 60 months
F = P(1+i)n = 1000000(1+0.0075)60 = $1565681

18.What is the correct order of processes in a wastewater plant.

a) Screens , grit chamber, primary clarifier, secondary clarifier,

trickling filter, chlorine and metal removal system
b) Screens , grit chamber, primary clarifier, trickling filter,
secondary clarifier, chlorine and metal removal system
c) Screens , grit chamber, primary clarifier, trickling filter, chlorine
and metal removal system, secondary clarifier.
d) Primary clarifier, trickling filter, screens , grit chamber, chlorine
and metal removal system, secondary clarifier
19.The water supply to a house begins with the connection of the
service pipe with the municipal water mains. The connections
comprises:
1. Stopcock
2. Goose neck
3. Ferrule
4. Water meter
The correct statement of these connections is :
a) 1, 2, 3, 4
b) 3, 1, 2, 4
c) 3, 2, 1, 4
d) 1, 2, 4, 3

20.Viewing watershed as a system, which one of the following

assumptions is made in the unit graph theory?
a) Non-linearity
b) Both linearity and time variance
c) Both time invariance and non-linearity
d) Both linearity and time invariance

21.The PH value of fresh sewage is usually

a) More than 7
b) More than 6
c) Less than 7
d) None of these

22.Problems of nutrients
a) Taste & odor in drinking water
b) Can be toxic, especially to farm animals
c) Fouling
d) All of above
23.P sources
a) Fertilizers
b) Detergents
c) (a) and (b)
d) None of these

24.Pollutants are measured by oxygen demand potential or total organic

content
a) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
b) Theoretical Oxygen Demand (TOD)
c) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
d) All of above

25.Coagulation:
a) Process of adding chemicals and rapid mixing
b) Chemical treatment process that destabilizes colloidal particles
c) All of above
d) None of these

26.Sedimentation basin (primary treatment)

a) Waste water is held in a quiet tank for several hours
allowing the particles to settle to the bottom and the greases to
float to the top
b) The solids drawn off the bottom and skimmed off the top
receive further treatment as sludge
c) All of the above

27.Water hardness is principally caused by:

a) Calcium ions
b) Magnesium ions
 c) both a and b
d) none of these

28.Dis-advantages of hardness:
a) Excessive soap consumption during laundering
b) Scale-formation in hot water heaters and pipes
c) both a and b
d) none of these

29.Filtration
a) The final step in removing particles
b) Removal of those particles that are too small to be
effectively removed during sedimentation
c) both a and b
d) none of these

30.Rapid sand filtration:

a) As particles are removed, filter become clogged- head loss
increases, turbidity increases
b) Must back-wash once per day
c) Must design to handle flow with one filter out of service
d) both a, b and c
e) none of these

31.How do treatment plants protect our water?

a) Remove solids
b) Reduce organic matter & pollutants
c) Restores oxygen
d) All of the above
 32.Theoretical oxygen demand (TOD)
O2 required to completely oxidize a chemical substance to CO2
& H2O

33.Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

O2 consumed by a substance test using microorganisms for
oxidation
34.Chemical oxygen demand (COD)
Standard test using chemical oxidants

35.Nutrients
Phosphorous is typically the limiting nutrient in lakes, and
algae growth is linked to phosphorous inputs

36.Flocculation :
Process of gently mixing water and coagulant ,allowing the
formation of large particles of floc.

37.A major flood has resulted in contamination of hundreds of domestic

water wells and the distribution system of a small town. The pH
should be controlled to less than 7 because:

a) It reduces the growth of viruses

b) PH of less than 7 will kill bacteria
c) The chlorine will be in the CI2 form primarily
d) The chlorine will be in the HOCI form primarily

38.Primary clarifier (Primary sedimentation tank) which has a diameter

of 40 ft. and a height of 8 ft. receives 0.7 MGD of wastewater. What
is the retention time the clarifier?
 a) 1.48 hrs
b) 2.57 hrs
c) 3.81 hrs
d) 5.67hrs
Tank volume= π/4×40×40×8=10048 ft3
=7.48 ×10048 =75159.04 Gallons
MGD =.7 MGD =700000 Gallons/day
Retention time = tank volume in gallons ×24 hr/day
Flow in to tank in gallon/day
.
= =2.57 hrs

39.A two-stage anaerobic digester is used to treat a combined primary

and secondary sludge. Compared to aerobic digestion, anaerobic
digestion:

a) Produces more bacterial cells

b) Uses more energy
c) Is more expensive
d) Is more compels to operate

40.The ratio of maximum water demand to average water demand is

called the:

a) Firefighting demand factor

b) Critical Flow Factor
c) Peaking Factor
d) Design Flow Factor
41.A multiple regression analysis for trip generation purposes shows the
following relationship for the number of trips per household:
Trips Generated per household per day = 0.58+1.5P+2.2A
Where :
P = Number of persons per household
A= Number of Autos per household
If a zone under study contains 600 households with an average of 4.1
persons and 2.3 autos for each household, the number of trips
generated per day most nearly:

a) 6,200
b) 7,100
c) 6,700
d) 6,600
P = Number of persons per household=4.1
A= Number of Autos per household=2.3
Trips Generated per household per day =
0.58+1.5P+2.2A=0.58+4.1×1.5+2.2×2.3=11.79 /
house hold
The number of trips generated per
day=11.79×600=7074

42.What would an initial investment of 1 million QR be after 5 years if

the APR=9% accumulated monthly? F= P (1 + i)n
a) 1,565,681 QR
b) 1,538,624 QR
c) 1,711,867 QR
d) 1,450,00 QR
 43.A 16-ft × 40-ft dual media drinking water filter is to be cleaned
using an air wash followed by a water wash. The air wash is at a rate
of 5scfm/ft2. The recommended airflow rate (scfm) for the air wash
is:
a) 3,200
b) 2,700
c) 1,300
d) 980
Area of filter =16 × 40 = 640 ft2
Air wash rate =5 Scfm/ft2
Air flow rate = Area of filter × Air wash rate
= 640×5=3200 SCFM
Standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM) is the molar flow rate of
a gas corrected to "standardized" conditions of temperature and
pressure thus representing a fixed number of moles of gas
regardless of composition and actual flow conditions.
44.Density of Water is:

a) 998.9 kg/l
b) 1 g/cm3
c) 1000 g/m3
d) 1 g/l

45.Hardness in water is defined as:

a) The concentration of calcium and potassium is water

b) The ability of water to cause soap scum
c) The concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) in water
d) The ability of water to resist PH Changes
46.Usually the last stage in a water treatment plant (WTP) would be:
a) Solid removals
b) Biological treatment
c) Sand Filtration
d) Disinfection

47.The Molar Concentration of Water is

a) 18 g/mole
b) 55.6 mole/l
c) 1000 g/l
d) 18 mole/g

48.Ministry of urban planning need to construct an exhibition center ,

the location of this center should be next to:
a) Airport
b) Bus station
c) In a high population area
d) In a remote area