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HOME GST GST-TERMS WHAT IS SGST, …

What is SGST, CGST, IGST and UTGST?

By Annapoorna

Updated on: Oct 10th, 2022 | 10 min read

CONTENTS [ Show ]

Under the GST law, the central government will collect CGST, SGST or IGST
depending upon whether the transaction is intrastate or interstate. 

Introduction to CGST, SGST and IGST

Unlike earlier when there were multiple taxes such as Central Excise, Service Tax,
State VAT, etc., the GST introduces just one tax with three components- CGST,
SGST and IGST.

When the supply of goods or services happens within a state called intra-state
transactions, then both the CGST and SGST
Request will be collected. Whereas if the
a Demo
supply of goods or services happens between the states called inter-state
transactions, then only IGST will be collected.

The use of correct GSTIN becomes important to identify the applicability of taxes.
Hence, validate with the help of the GST search tool before using the GST number in
the sales invoice.

It is to be noted that the GST is a destination-based tax, which is received by a

State in which the goods are consumed but not by a state in which such goods are
manufactured.

IGST full form and when IGST is applicable

The full form of IGST is Integrated Goods and Services Tax. Under GST, IGST is a tax
levied on all interstate supplies of goods and/or services or across two or more
states/Union Territories. Further, IGST levy and collection will be governed by the
IGST Act, 2017, as amended from time to time.

IGST will be applicable on any supply of goods and/or services in both cases of
import into India and export from India.

Note: Under IGST,

 Exports would be zero-rated.

Tax will be shared between the Central and State governments.

Example for IGST with calculation

Consider that a businessman M/s Rajesh Ltd from Chandigarh in India had sold
goods to Anand Ltd from Dadra & Nagar Haveli & Daman & Diu in India worth Rs.
1,00,000. The GST rate is 18% referring particularly to the 18% IGST. In such a case,
the dealer has to charge Rs. 18,000 as IGST. This IGST will go to the Centre, later
split between the Centre and
Dadra & Nagar Haveli & Daman & Diu (if this is ultimate consuming state).
CGST full form and when CGST is applicable

Many seek an answer for ‘what is the full form of CGST’. The full form of CGST is
Central Goods and Services Tax. Under GST, CGST is a tax levied on intrastate
supplies of both goods and services by the Central Government and collected by
it for its coffers. Accordingly, the levy and collection of CGST are governed by the
provisions of the CGST Act, 2017 as amended from time to time.

Together with CGST, an equal value of SGST will also be levied on the same
intrastate supply but will be governed by the particular state government.
In other words, if a seller sells a product to a buyer within the same state, say
Telangana, then CGST and SGST will apply.

This implies that both the Central and state governments will agree on combining
their levies with an appropriate proportion for revenue sharing between them.

It is clearly mentioned in Section 8 of the CGST Act that the taxes be levied on all
intrastate supplies of goods and/or services but the rate of tax shall not be
exceeding 14%, each.

Note: Any tax liability obtained under CGST can be set off against CGST or IGST
input tax credit only and not any SGST.

SGST Full form and when SGST is applicable

SGST means State Goods and Services Tax. Under GST, an equivalent amount of
SGST is a tax levied on intrastate supplies of both goods and services by the
particular state government where the product sold is consumed.

Therefore, levy and collection of SGST are governed by the respective state’s SGST
Act, 2017 as amended from time to time, for instance, Telangana GST Act. After the
introduction of the SGST, all the state taxes such as the value-added tax,
entertainment tax, luxury tax, entry tax, etc. were merged under SGST.
As explained above, CGST will also be levied on the same intrastate supply but will
be governed by the Central Government.

Note: Any tax liability obtained under SGST can be set off against SGST or IGST
input tax credit only and not CGST.

Example for CGST and SGST with calculation

Let’s suppose M/s Rajesh Ltd is a dealer in Chattisgarh who sold goods to Vijay Ltd
in Chattisgarh worth Rs. 10,000. The GST rate is 18% comprising of a CGST rate of 9%
and an SGST rate of 9%.

In such a case, the dealer collects a total of Rs. 1,800 and deposits over the GST
portal, out of which Rs. 900 will be apportioned to the Central Government and Rs.
900 will go to the
Chattisgarh Government.
UTGST full form and when UTGST is applicable

UTGST stands for the Union Territory Goods and Services Tax. Similar to how SGST
is levied by the state governments on the intra-state supply of goods and services,
UTGST is levied by the handful of Union Territory governments.

It refers to the tax levied on the intra-Union Territory supply of goods and services.
It is governed by the UTGST Act, 2017 as amended from time to time and is levied
together with CGST.

UTGST is similar to SGST and is levied in Union Territories which do not have their
own legislature. UTGST is applicable to the supplies that take place in the Union
Territories of Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Andaman and Nicobar Islands,
Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu, and Lakshadweep. Please
note that the Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry will fall under SGST law as
they have their own legislature.

Note:The order of ITC utilisation of UTGST is similar to SGST. ITC of UTGST should
first be set off against UTGST. Any balance remaining may be used to set off any
IGST liability.

Why there is split into SGST, CGST, and IGST?

India is a federal country where both the Centre and states have been assigned
the powers to levy and collect taxes by our Constitution. Both governments have
distinct responsibilities to perform for which they need to raise tax revenue, in the
form of GST.

The Centre and states are simultaneously levying GST. The three-type tax structure
is implemented to help taxpayers take the credit against each other, thus ensuring
“One Nation, One Tax”.

What determines if CGST, SGST or IGST is applicable?

To determine whether Central Goods & Services Tax (CGST), State Goods &
Services Tax (SGST) or Integrated Goods & Services Tax (IGST) applies in a taxable
transaction, find if the transaction is intrastate or an interstate supply.

Intrastate supply of goods or services is when the location of the supplier and
the place of supply i.e., the location of the buyer are in the same state. In
Intrastate transactions, a seller has to collect both CGST and SGST from the
buyer. The CGST gets deposited with the Central Government and SGST gets
deposited with the State Government.

Interstate supply of goods or services is when the location of the supplier and
the place of supply are in different states. Also, in cases of export or import of
goods or services or when the supply of goods or services is made to or by an
 SEZ unit, the transaction is assumed to be interstate. In an interstate
transaction, a seller has to collect IGST from the buyer.

How are input tax credits adjusted? Offset liability in GST

The CGST Rules define the logic of adjusting CGST, SGST and IGST input tax credit
with the tax liabilities of CGST, SGST and IGST. One must follow the rules since
accurate ITC utilisation is crucial to avoid fines later on.

Let us consider that goods worth Rs. 10,000 are sold by manufacturer A from
Maharashtra to Dealer B in Maharashtra.

Dealer B resells them to Trader C in Rajasthan for Rs. 17,500.

Trader C finally sells to end-user D in Rajasthan for Rs. 30,000.

Suppose the applicable tax rates for the goods sold are CGST= 9%, SGST=9%, and
IGST=9+9=18%

Since A is selling this to B in Maharashtra itself, it is an intra-state sale and so,

CGST@9% and SGST@9% will apply.

Dealer B (Maharashtra) is selling to Trader C (Rajasthan). Hence, this is an

interstate sale, with  IGST@18%.

Trader C (Rajasthan) is selling to end user D also in Rajasthan. Once again it is an

intra-state sale and hence, CGST@9% and SGST@9% will apply.
How is SGST, CGST and IGST collected?

*** Any IGST credit will first be applied to set off in this order:
 First set off against IGST liability.

Then either set off with CGST or SGST liability, at your preference.

GST is a consumption-based tax the state where the goods were

consumed(Rajasthan) will receive GST. By that logic, Maharashtra (where goods
were sold) should not get any taxes. State Rajasthan and Central Government
should have got (30,000*9%) = 2,700 each.

Thus, Maharashtra (exporting state) will have to transfer credit of SGST of Rs. 900
(used in payment of IGST) to the Centre.

In turn, Central Government will transfer to the state Rajasthan (importing state)
Rs. 450 IGST.

The above example shows the need for 3 taxes: SGST, CGST, and IGST. All 3
together will serve the two purposes of GST :

One Nation, One Tax – so all taxes on all purchases are available as credits.

Dual tax system – both the Centre and states have their revenue.
GST is a completely new tax with new concepts like the place of supply and new
tax structures. This creates confusion among taxpayers who may end up paying
the wrong type of GST.

FAQs on CGST, SGST and IGST

What is the full form of GST?

The full form of GST is Goods and Services Tax. It is a form of an indirect tax levy on
the supply or sale of certain goods/products and services

What are types of GST?

The types of GST include CGST, SGST, UTGST and IGST. There is sometimes a cess
also levied.

What are the taxes levied on an intra-state supply?

CGST and respective SGST are the taxes levied on an intra-state supply. If the
transaction happens within a Union Territory, then UTGST is levied with CGST.

What is the maximum rate at which IGST can be levied at?

The maximum rate at which IGST can be levied is 28% on certain sin and luxury
goods that can be checked on our HSN code & GST Rate finder

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 Annapoorna
Assistant Manager - Content

I preach the words, “Learning never exhausts the mind.” An aspiring CA and a passionate
content writer having 4+ years of hands-on experience in deciphering jargon in Indian
GST, Income Tax, off late also into the much larger Indian finance ecosystem, I love
curating content in various forms to the interest of tax professionals, and enterprises,
both big and small. While not writing, you can catch me singing Shāstriya Sangeetha
and tuning my violin ;). Read more

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