comprare

-
Ionic Bond
Band
y &
contrast
TINGKATAN 4 BAB 5 IKATAN KIMIA - Covalen I
2
(metallic Bond
(He
FORM 4 CHAPTER 5 CHEMICAL BOND -
bad
SOALAN KERTAS 2
Dative
4 (SPM 2021)
Rajah 3 menunjukkan perwakilan piawai bagi atom natrium dan atom klorin.
Diagram 3 shows the standard representation for sodium atom and chlorine atom.

x41fNn/Ma G17

2.8. 1 atom
-> 2.8. 7
↑3 Np Ne
↑P3 non-metel
=

Rajah 3
Diagram 3
"metal
(b) Natrium bertindak balas dengan klorin membentuk sebatian Q.
Sodium reacts with chlorine to form compound Q.

(i) Nyatakan jenis ikatan bagi sebatian Q.

State the-
type of bond in compound Q.

Ionic Bond
...................................................................................................................[1]
↳ occurs
(ii)
tranfer
Nyatakan bagaimana ikatan di 4(b)(i) terbentuk.of electron
relase &
tranferred/
State how is the bondin 4(b)(i) formed.
Electron is lare gain
....................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Nate;
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi pembentukan sebatian Q.
Write the chemical equation for mation of compound Q.

②Na +Cl2 - Nace O

...................................................................................................................[1]
-

10 (a) Rajah 8 menunjukkan susunan radas dan pemerhatian bagi kekonduksian

sebatian A dan sebatian B.
Diagram 8 shows the apparatus set up and observations for the conductivity of
compound A and compound B.
 ↓
electrical
Electrical
conductor
non
conductor

t
a free moving An To win A covalent
ion compend compound
(i) Jadual 5 menunjukkan maklumat bagi kedudukan unsur X, Y dan neutral
Z dalam

Compound AUnsur.
Jadual Berkala
- U
compund
Table 5 shows the information for the positions of elements X, Y and Z in
- no charge.

·
the Periodic Table of Elements.

1.0.2 2.4 2.8-2 2.8.7

*
&
2.4

achier
Stable
octet
electr
&. O metal met
untuk membentuk sebatian A dan sebatian B. Kenal pasti jenis ikatan dalam
sebatian A dan sebatian B. Terangkan pembentukan ikatan dalam sebatian
-

arrangementBased on Diagram 8 and Table 5, choose the elements that can react to
B dan tulis formula sebatian B. [10 markah]
Z
al
Berdasarkan Rajah 8 dan Jadual 5, pilih unsur yang boleh bertindak balas

form compound A and compound B. Identify the types of bond in compound

A and compound B. Explain the formation of bond in compound B and write

compend A the formula of compound B. [10 marks]

-: compund
- ·X

-formationcompound
(b) of
= :
Maklumat berikut adalah mengenai ikatan hydrogen dan ikatan datif.
⑧
:
7
/
x dative bond.
The following information is about hydrogen bond and

conic ① Xa

:I:
Compound
-
x
A
~
& Element y
· 3

Element
Bond ⑧
-
x 24
- Fonic
U -D
onB. Element & & Z conlas'
 C. A (x&4) Ionic
compand
-

1. Electron
-
Arrangement
for
Electron Arrangement
is 2.4 while
atom X

atomy is 2.8. L-

stable octet
2. to achieve
electron arrangement.
X NEED 4
3. Atom -
--

while atomy
electrons
elections
NEEDTODONATE 2

will donate
4. 2 Atom I
ec
ach to
2 electron
atom X
5. XY2
 Datie Bond (Lewis Structure)
-hangh
nebbat

E x]
XX I

0 H
=
H valence

↑* ↑
· X
electron
- electron
outermost
shell.
Datine
Bond
covalent
Bond
I
H- H
X Dupel
1

-
-

H Li He

14 ef #2
-2. 2
 band
thydrogen
3
3
dative
Berdasarkan pernyataan itu,
Based on the statement, bond.
(i) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan ikatan hydrogen dan ikatan datif?

What is meant by hydrogen bond and dative bond?

(ii) Lukis dan label

Draw and label
-
 Ikatan hydrogen antara molekul air, H2O
Hydrogen bond between water molecule, H2O
 Struktur Lewis untuk menunjukkan ikatan datif dalam ion

~
hidroksonium, H3O+
Lewis structure to show dative bond in hydroxonium ion, H3O+

2.4
= Cl
- [4]

Cc:
-I

X
Co
!.. ↳

8 8

·X
:Ch?
-
5 (SPMRSM 2021)

mem
Jadual 5 menunjukkan nombor proton dan nombor nukleon bagi atom V, atom W dan
atom X.
Table 5 shows the proton number and nucleon number of atoms V, W and X.

⑭u m-f 28 -

Fl/N
-
cellulose
Rajah 5
CaMizO
I
Sachmid-
Diagram 5

(a)

~poly
(i) Selulosa boleh membentuk ikatan hidrogen dengan molekul air.
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan ikatan hidrogen? -------Midge -

--
Cellulose can form hydrogen bond with water molecules.
What is meant by hydrogen bond? H-0-H
.....................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Namakan satu unsur di dalam selulosa yang boleh menghasilkan ikatan
hidrogen dengan molekul air.
Name one element in cellulose that can form hydrogen bond with water
molecules.

......................................................................................................................[1]

0
(b) Pakaian berasaskan kain kapas mengambil masa lebih lama untuk kering
berbanding pakaian berasaskan gentian sintetik. Terangkan mengapa?
Cotton clothes take longer time to dry compared to synthetic fibre. Explain why?

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[2]
 (c) Jadual 5 menunjukkan takat didih etanol, C2H5OH dan etana, C2H6.
Table 5 shows the boiling point for ethanol, C2H5OH and ethane, C2H6.

-in
Sebatian Takat didih (ºC)
Compound Boiling point (ºC)

30
Etanol, C2H5OH
78
Ethanol, C2H5OH
Etana, C2H6
H - 89
H Ethane, C2H6
I I

6.
12
I Jadual 5
H- C-C
- *
-

↓
Table 5
H
Etanol, C2H5OH dan etana, C2H6 merupakan sebatian kovalen.
Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan takat didih kedua-dua sebatian tersebut.
Ethanol, C2H5OH and ethane, C2H6 are covalent compounds.
Explain the difference in their boiling point.

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[2]

(d) Pernyataan berikut adalah tentang ammonium klorida, NH4Cl.

The following statements are about ammonium chloride, NH4Cl.

 Ammonium klorida, NH4Cl mengandungi ion ammonium, NH4+ dan ion

klorida, Cl-.
Ammonium chloride, NH4Cl consists of ammonium ion, NH4+ and
chloride ion, Cl-
 Ion ammonium mengandungi ikatan datif
Ammonium ion consists of a dative bond.

Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, lukiskan ikatan datif dalam ion ammonium, NH4+.
[Nombor proton: H = 1; N =7]
Based on the statements above, draw the dative bond in the ammonium ion, NH4+.

- I
[Proton number: H = 1; N =7]

(ii)
X
x x
③
X
-

↑ ↑ I
·

- pative bond
[2]

covalent
Bond
 t water
IC
insomble orgnic
s
6 (SPMRSM 2022)
Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan elektron sebatian yang terbentuk daripada tindak balas
bahan X dan Y.
2C f 8ye
EFoA
Diagram 6 shows an electron arrangement of compound formed from the reaction S

-
between substance X and Y.

L v

charge"
-

Rajah 6
posited
-regul To

(a) (ii)
Diagram 6
betwee
Nyatakan jenis daya tarikan antara zarah-zarah dalam sebatian tersebut. opposit
x
State the type of forces of attraction between particles in the compound. Charge
electrostatic forces
strong......................................................................................................................[1]
attraction
of

·
(b) Puan Juriah meletakkan pepejal putih ke dalam almari untuk menghalau lipas.
BP
MP/-
Sifat fizik pepejal putih itu adalah seperti berikut:

O
Puan Juriah puts a white solid in a cupboard to keep the cockroach away.

physical
The physical properties of the white solid are as follows:

BP/MP Solubility-


⑧ 3 Deee
Tidak boleh mengalirkan arus elektrik dalam semua keadaan.
Cannot conduct electricity in any states. -

⑧
Conductants
 Takat lebur dan takat didih yang rendah

v
-
Low melting point and boiling point.
- compan
dan terangkan ciri-ciri setiap satunya. e
Berdasarkan maklumat tersebut, kenalpasti jenis sebatian pepejal putih itu

dusit netual
dee
Based on the information, identify the type of compound of the white solid

- compend
a
and explain each property. -

doesnt
von
weak
- forces needed
..........................................................................................................................

attraction
Si it mous
waa IS
..........................................................................................................................

hat free
overcome
......................................................................................................................[3]
ion-
of
less
-
to
2 (SBP 2021)
Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan electron bagi gas A.
Diagram 2 shows the electron arrangement of gas A.

o
string
of
erect low
Rajah 2
Diagram 2 Atom ->

(b) Apakah tujuan pembentukan ikatan kimia?

What is the purpose of chemical bond of formation?
octet /depot
to achieve stable
......................................................................................................................[1]
electron augment
(c) Berdasarkan Rajah 2,
Based on Diagram 2,
(i) Nyatakan jenis ikatan kimia dalam gas A.

-bon d
State the type of chemical bond in gas A.
covalen fcoupes
......................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Terangkan bagaimana ikatan kimia itu terbentuk.

Explain how the chemical bond is formed.
N atom share 32 and
..........................................................................................................................
1 elector e to fur
3 he atom
..................................................................................................................... [2]
arratent bond
5 (SBP 2022)
Jadual 5 menunjukkan nombor proton dan nombor nukleon bagi atom V, atom W dan
atom X.
Table 5 shows the proton number and nucleon number of atoms V, W and X.

Atom Nombor proton Nombor nucleon

Proton number Nucleon number
V 6 12
W
X
11 2.8.1
17 2.8.7
O 23
35
Jadual 5
Table 5
 W I hop = 2.8.
S X:2-8.7 Grup 17
wt
↑

X
X-
- (c) Unsur W dan unsur X boleh bertindak balas untuk menghasilkan pepejal putih
yang mempunyai takat lebur yang tinggi.
W: 2.L
Element W and X can react to produce a while solid that has high melting point.

(i) Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.

Write the chemical reaction for the reaction.

2N+X2 + 2WX
.....................................................................................................................[2]

(d) Unsur V dan unsur X bertindak balas menghasilkan sebatian VX4 yang
mempunyai takat lebur yang rendah.
-
Terangkan perbezaan
covalent
takat lebur bagi sebatian VX4 dengan pepejal putih yang
compet
terbentuk dalam 5(c).
Element V and X react to produce compound VX4 which has low melting point.
Explain the difference in the melting point of compound VX4 with the white solid
produced in 5(c).
-
white solid has a higher
..............................................................................................................................[2]

up than vx4
solid
-
white
electrostatic asther
on
attra
So
eater
re
oversower
-

needed to
attraction force.