The Britsh Isles

Great Britain: England + Scotland + Wales

United Kingdom: Great Britain + Northern Ireland

England: Capital: London

Symbol: red rose
Patron: St. George

Scotland: Capital: Edinburgh

Symbol: thistle
Patron: St. Andrew

Wales: Captal: Cardiff

Symbol: leek, daffodil
Patron: St. David
Northern Ireland: Capital: Belfast
Symbol: shamrock
Patron: St.Patrick

Regions of United Kingdom

England

 Home counties (London and counties around London)

 South/ Southern England
 East Anglia (schools : Oxford, Cambridge)
 Midlands (economy, business)
 North Anglia (Hadrian’s Wall)

Scotland

 Highlands (most Scottish things, like kilt, bagpipe and others but most of the people don’t live
there)
 Lowlands

Wales

- North West (Home to Snowdonia National Park, castles and fortified towns of Caernarfon and
Conwy)

- North East (Home to the Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod, Airbus UK and the towns of
Wrexham and Flint)

- Mid Wales (Highlights include Portmeirion, the seaside university town of Aberystwyth and National
Library) 
- South West (The National Botanic Garden of Wales, Pembrokeshire Coast National Park and the city
of Swansea)

- South East (Home to Cardiff, as well as Newport, Merthyr Tydfil, Caerphilly and Principality Stadium)

Northern Ireland
 The United States

Symbols: 1986: red rose (War of Roses)

Flag: 50 stars – 50 states
13 stripes – 13 colonies
1776 – War of Independence
Uncle Sam – real person - US
Statue of Liberty
The seal of the US
The Pledge
 Regions

Northeast:

 Oldest part of the US

 18 indian tribes
 The first bigger settlers came here
 Declaration of Independence (1776)
 Famous universities and schools - Harvard, MIT

South:

 Second oldest part

 Mainly Spanish settlers
 Lots of cotton plantation and tobacco

Midwest:

 Plains
 Transportation center point
 Most of the crops come from this territory

West:

 Harbours
 Big cities : Los Angeles
Las Vegas
San Francisco

 Hollywood
 Warm weather
 Gold rush
 History of the Great Britain

 Ancient times: this territory belonged to the Roman Empire

(ended: 476)
 Celtic tribes (after the Roman Empire)
 Angles
 Saxons: 827 – 1066 kings
 Jutes

1066 – Battle of Hastings

Norman conquest – William

 Normans: 1066 – 1154 (Norman royal family on the throne)

 Plantagenet: 1154 – 1272
 Monarchs of England and Wales: 1272 – 1399

House of Lancaster: 1399 – 1461

House of York: 1461 -1485

A war broke out: War of Roses (1485) – 3rd House won (Tudors)

House of Tudors: 1485 – 1603

Tudors
Henry VII. : 1485 – 1509
Henry VIII. : 1509 – 1547

Had a brother Arthur (died 1502) who had a wife : Catherine of Aragon

Henry married her after Arthur’s death

 Henry and Catherine’ child : - Mary (Bloody Mary)

 Lots of them were miscarriage or still born
 Catherine’s ladyin waiting

1522 Anne Boleyn came – Henry started to flirt with her

 Anne and Henry fell in love – Henry want to divorce

But the Pope refused

 1533 – Anne and Henry got married – a daughter: Elizabeth

 Henry realised Anne is a terrible person
 1536: Catherine was died in Cancer
 3rd wife: Jane Seymour (Anne’ lay in waiting)
 Henry said that Anne is a witch so he execute/ behead – ed her (1536)
 Jane and Henry married in 1536
 1537: his son, Edward was born

Jane died after 1-3 weeks

  Henry needs another wife

4th wife: Anne of Cleve (1540) – first meet: 1539

marriage: 1540 (Henry didn’t want it)

got divorced after a half year – Anne got a castle in the countryside

 5th wife (after 22 days): another ladyin waiting (15 years old)

Catherine Howard (cousin of Anne Boleyn)

Executed in 1547

 6th wife: Catherine Parr (1543) – raised all the children

 Henry died in 1547
 His son, Edward came on the throne

Edward VI.: 1547 - 1553

Need a regent: Edward Seymour

Thomas Seymour
His people to the King’s Council married Catherine Parr

Have a baby (Catherine dies in 1548)

 1549: Thomas was executed because Edward said that he wants to kill the king
 John Dudly

Another Lord who wants the throne

 1552: Edward was accused by John Dudly, so Edward was executed.

MEANWHILE: Edward VI. Died in TBC in 1553

 1553: Lady Jane was married with John Dudly’s son

Cousin of Mary and Elizabeth Guildford Dudly

Queen of England for 9 days

 Mary (1st child of Henry VIII.) came back and killed Lady Jane, John and Guildford Dudly

She became the Queen (1553 – 1558) – Bloody Mary

 She wanted to be England catholic again

Married to Philippe (Spanish prince) – 1554

  1555: Mary was pregnant – it wasn’t true – just a tumor
 She died in 1558

Elizabeth I. (1558 – 1603)

‘’The virgin queen’’ – ‘’ I am married to England’’ (she had a lover,
Robert Dudly)

Virginia named after her

Scotland: Mary Stuart (queen)

Chaos in Scotland because of her husband

She escaped to England

1587: she was executed by Elizabeth I.

1558: Spanish started a war against to England (Spanish Armada)

Philippe was on the throne

1602: Elizabeth didn’t want to sleep because she was afraid of death
1603: she died in her chair
England needs another king/queen

James Stuart (1603 – 1625)

James I. (England) / James VI. (Scotland)
  James had a wife and children, but his love was the Buckingham prince (he was gay)

British Civil War

House of Stuart
House of Hannover

Victoria I.
5th in the line of throne

 1837 – 1901 (on the throne)

 18 years old when she became the queen
 She was not so popular
 She married to her cousin, Albert (1840)

They were in love

Victorian Era – moral is important

 Albert and Victoria had 9 children – 1. Child: Edward 

strong villed child

 Victoria sent Edward to military school

Bertie’s sin – slept with a prostitude

 Albert died in 1862 – Victoria blamed Edward

 From then Victoria always wear black

 Victoria fell in love with John Brown

 Victoria had 42 grandchildren (Grandmother of Europe)

1901: she died

Her son, Edward VII. was on the throne (1901 – 1910)
George V. (Edward’s son) 1910 – 1936
Edward VIII. (George’s son) 1936 – 1936

Loved an American women, Wallish Simson

Gave the crown to his brother, George

George VI. 1936 – 1952

His daughter, Elizabeth II.

Queen Elizabeth II. 1952 –

 Her husband: Philippe – 4 children (Charles,

Ann, Andrew, Edward)

History of the USA

1492 – Columbus discovered America (thought that this is India)

 America was named after Amerigo Vespucci

 First settlers who came to the New World 1526 (Spanish)
 Queen Elizabeth sent people to discover

1585 (English people)  Virginia (British colony)

1607 – Jamestown
1620 – Pilgrims fathers (Mayflower) – in December

No food, no shelter – Indians helped them

(Thanksgiving)

New Amsterdam  New York (1620’s)

(Dutch) – Bought from the Indians
Fishing

War of Independence
New World – same laws – BUT no rights in the government
- taxes

1651: navigation act  anything that grows outside of England has to

be sent to England
1765: stamp act  legal documents, newspaper, playing cards } Taxes

1770:

 king noticed that something wrong and sent soldiers

 Boston massacre (a group of people went home and one of them
thought that s funny to throw to the soldiers  they started shooting)

1773: I. Continental Congress  13 states

Fights began  war

1774:
II. Continental Congress they needed a leader: George Washington
1776: Thomas Paine wrote a book, Common Sense

Says we have to from a new country

1776: 2nd July - Declaration of Independence (signed it)
4th July - they announced it
1778: Treaty of Paris
Foundation of The United States of America (USA)- 19th century

PROBLEM #1: huge territory of French blocking them to move west

PROBLEM #2: Indians
PROBLEM #3: Mexicans (Spanish)

#1: Louisiana Purchase  they sold it for 15 millions dollars

PROBLEM #1: Solved
#2: Chief Little Turtle – most famous leader
1830: Indian Removal Act – roads – Trial of Tears
#3: Mexican wars (1840 - 50)

 They found gold in the West gold rush (1860) California

More and more people came to the New World

Civil War:
North: Cities South: Farms
Factories Plantations (tobacco, corn)
Slaves (from Africa)

The states started to fight that the new states who were joining can or can’t keep slaves  Mission
Compromise
2 main reason:
1. Slaves
2. North – industrial
South – agricultural

Civil War: 1861 – 65

Fights begun on the 12th of April in 1861

1861 – 63: South was winning – But they ran out of supplies
1863: turning point  Battle of Gettysburg – South started to lose
Abraham Lincoln: 1862 – Emancipation Proclimation

President
1865: Lincoln was killed (by John Wilkes Booth)
1865 December:

 13th amendment (Constitution)  slaves are free

Later:

 14th amendment: US citizen ship

 15th: black people got the right to vote

1865: South lost – slaves are free people didn’t want to except it

Veterans  Ku Klux Klan – chasing black, catholic, jewis people

US – 20th century
WWI (1914 – 18) and WWII (1939 – 45)

When the US joined the war 1941 – Japanese attack Pearl Harbour
was decided
(weapons, supplies) US joined the war
Another big power – Sovjetunion

Cold war
Started a competition – space/ weapons

Great Depression – no food, no jobs

Solutions: build bridges, houses

Roosevelt

1962: Cuban Missile Crisis

The Queen

The role of the Queen:

 Head of the State

 Commander-in–Chief of Armed Forces (can declare peace or war)
 Head of the Church of England
(Spiritual leader: The Archbishop of Canterbury)

3 rights of the Queen:

 To encourage
 To warn
  To be consulted

Prime Minister: Head of the Government (Theresa May)

,,Kissing Hands’’  Prime Minister kiss the hand of the Queen

Each week at Wednesday in a private audience the Queen and the Prime Minister  talk about the
news  NO RECORDING

Every day she has to go through every document in the red box big work

53 country’s common wealth

She appoints and dismisses the Prime Minister and ministers
She can drive as fast as she wants, and she doesn’t need a licenses number

The President of the US

The Head of State

The Head of the government
Commander and chief of Armed Forces
Elected for max. 8 years (2x 4 years) – 2 term precedent

1951: 22nd amendment

Difficult voting system

Powers of the President:

  Execution of federal law
If a bill wants to pass by the Congress

The president can: 1. Sign it becomes the law

2. Veto  send back to the Congress

2/3 of the Congress accepts it

It becomes the law
3. Do nothing  after 10 days it becomes the law

 War and foreign affairs – declare war and peace

 Judicial power – to nominate federal care every American abroad and every foreigner in the
US

Ceremonial roles:

 Griffith Stadium – first pics (old star games)

 Since 1878 every Easter – egg rolling
 Thanksgiving – each year a turkey gets federal pardon
 First celebrity

President: Older than 35 years old

Born in the USA
Live there 5 years before
First Lady: She is the hostess of the White House
She is followed by her fashion
Flotus (First Lady of the United States)

Eating Habits of the US

Typically American food

Hamburger, chicken nuggets, hot-dog, mac & cheese, mash potato, doughnut, turkey, bagel, coke,
shake, corndog, pancakes, apple toffee

Typically American breakfast

Ham/ bacon and eggs, pancakes, coffee, smoothie, sausage, cereal, toast, oatmeal, granola, orange
juice

Lunch
Cold lunch - sandwich (PB & J, ham & cheese, tuna) chips

Dinner
Main meal – warm food
Chicken, beef
Italian/ Mexican/ Chinese/ Indian food
Steamed vegetables
Mashed potatoes
Gravy
Lasagne
Pasta (mac and cheese)

Drinks Desserts/ Snacks

Orange juice Brownie
Milk Cheese cake
Smoothie Chocolate chip cookie
Coffee Muffin
Budweiser Cupcake
Wine Apple sauce
Champagne Cracker
Spirit String cheese
Shots Banana split

2/3 of the adult population of the USA is overweight. 1/3 of children too.

Food in Britain

Roman times: vegetables and meat (+grain)

After the Norman came, they introduce the spices to the British
Middle Ages: Poor – vegetables, wheat (very good teeth)
Rich – very bad teeth (denture from poor people’s teeth)
WWI. / WWII. : Lack of food
Britannia  Nowadays overweight is a problem
Order food
Pre-cooked food

Breakfast
Baked beans, ham and eggs, tomato, bacon, sausage,
mushroom, toast, hash brown
Lunch
Soup, salad, sandwich, fish and chips

Dinner
1 type of meat, 2 type of vegetables

Education
Us:

 Pre-school (3-5 years old children)

 Kindergarten (5-7)
 Elementary school (1st – 4th grade)
 Middle school (5th- 8th grade)
 High school 9th-12th grade)
School district – where you live
 Collage/ University: Harvard, MIT, Stanford, Prinston, Yale
pay money – student loan
home schooling – private teacher (2.5 million children)
unschooling
metal detectors in the schools (school shootings)

UK:
You start school at the age of 5 and you have to be in school until the age of 16
but you study till the age of 18.
 nursery school
 childcare  3-5 years old children
 daycare

you must wear uniform

 Primary Education
 Secondary Education
 Post 16 – GCSE – General Certificate of Secondary Education

You can choose from: 6th form, trainer ship, voluntary work

6th form: 2 years -you learn what you want

 University – tertiary education

tuition fee – student loan
famous ones: Cambridge, Oxford

 Private schools – you must pay

Holidays in the US

 1st of January – New Year’s Day

 3rd Monday of January – Martin Luther King’s Day
 2nd of February – Groundhog Day
 12th of February – Lincoln’s Birthday
 14th of February – Valentine’s Day
 3rd Monday in February – President’s Day
 17th of March – St. Patrick’s Day
 Pancakes Tuesday – 40 days before Easter
 Ash Wednesday – first day of the lent
 Good Friday – Crucifixion of Christ
 Easter Sunday – Resurrection of Christ
 1st of April – April Fool’s Day
 1st of May – May Day
 2nd Sunday of May – Mother’s Day
 Last Monday of May – Memorial Day
 50 days after Easter - Whitsunday
 3rd Sunday in June – Father’s Day
 4th of July – Independence Day
 First Monday in September – Labour day
 2nd Monday in October – Columbus Day
 31st of October – Halloween
 1st of November – All Saints’ Day
 1st Tuesday after the 1st Monday in November – Election Day
 11th of November – Veteran’s Day
 4th Thursday in November – Thanksgiving
 Advent – 4 Sunday before Christmas
 24th December – Christmas Eve
 25th of December – Christmas morning

Holidays in the UK

 1st of January – New Year’s Day

 14th of February – Valentine’s Day
 1st of March – St. David’s Day
 Pancakes Tuesday
 17th of March – St. Patrick’s Day
 2nd Sunday of the lent – Mother’s Day
 21st of April – the Queen’s birthday
 23rd of April - St. George’s Day
 Trooping the colour – June
 3rd Sunday in June – Father’s Day
 July – Swan Upping
 31st of October – Halloween
 5th of November – Guy Fawkes day
 11th of November – Remembrance Day
 24, 25, 26th of December - Christmas