Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 62 views

    AQA Biology GCSE Combined B12 Summary Answers

    Uploaded by

    Mahebul Mazid
    1. Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes, such as sperm and egg cells, with half the normal number of chromosomes. This allows offspring to have a full number of chromosomes when gametes fuse during sexual reproduction. 2. Phenotypes are observable characteristics, such as pea color. Genotypes are an organism's genetic makeup, such as the alleles for pea color (G or g). Dominant alleles (G) will produce their phenotype even if only one allele is present, while recessive phenotypes (g) require two recessive alleles. 3. Carriers of recessive conditions, like cystic fibrosis, have one normal and one faulty allele and do not show symptoms but

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    AQA Biology GCSE Combined B12 Summary Answers

    Uploaded by

    Mahebul Mazid
    62 views4 pages
    1. Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes, such as sperm and egg cells, with half the normal number of chromosomes. This allows offspring to have a full number of chromosomes when gametes fuse during sexual reproduction. 2. Phenotypes are observable characteristics, such as pea color. Genotypes are an organism's genetic makeup, such as the alleles for pea color (G or g). Dominant alleles (G) will produce their phenotype even if only one allele is present, while recessive phenotypes (g) require two recessive alleles. 3. Carriers of recessive conditions, like cystic fibrosis, have one normal and one faulty allele and do not show symptoms but

    Original Title

    AQA_Biology_GCSE_Combined_B12_Summary_Answers

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1. Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes, such as sperm and egg cells, with half the normal number of chromosomes. This allows offspring to have a full number of chromosomes when gametes fuse during sexual reproduction. 2. Phenotypes are observable characteristics, such as pea color. Genotypes are an organism's genetic makeup, such as the alleles for pea color (G or g). Dominant alleles (G) will produce their phenotype even if only one allele is present, while recessive phenotypes (g) require two recessive alleles. 3. Carriers of recessive conditions, like cystic fibrosis, have one normal and one faulty allele and do not show symptoms but

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    62 views4 pages

    AQA Biology GCSE Combined B12 Summary Answers

    Uploaded by

    Mahebul Mazid
    1. Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes, such as sperm and egg cells, with half the normal number of chromosomes. This allows offspring to have a full number of chromosomes when gametes fuse during sexual reproduction. 2. Phenotypes are observable characteristics, such as pea color. Genotypes are an organism's genetic makeup, such as the alleles for pea color (G or g). Dominant alleles (G) will produce their phenotype even if only one allele is present, while recessive phenotypes (g) require two recessive alleles. 3. Carriers of recessive conditions, like cystic fibrosis, have one normal and one faulty allele and do not show symptoms but

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Student Book answers B12 Summary questions

    Question Answer Marks Guidance


    number
    1a special form of cell division in which chromosome number is halved, 1
    takes place in reproductive organs (ovaries and testes) 1
    1b it produces gametes in which chromosome number is reduced by half 1
    so that when gametes fuse in sexual reproduction 1
    offspring have normal full number of chromosomes 1
    1c diagrams equivalent to figure 1, B12.2, with clear labelling: 3 2 marks for diagram.
    the chromosomes are copied, the cell divides twice to form four 1 mark for labels.
    gametes each with single set of chromosomes
    2a sex cell 1
    2b gamete contains half the number of chromosomes of normal body cell 1
    3a if a pea plant contains one G colour allele all the peas it produces will 1
    be green
    a pea plant will only produce yellow peas 1
    if it has inherited two of the g alleles (gg) 1
    for the recessive colour yellow 1
    3b G g 2 1 mark for 2 correct squares.
    G GG Gg
    g Gg gg
    3c green is dominant to yellow 1
    any plant with a dominant G allele will have green peas 1
    ¾ or 75 % probability of getting green pea plants from the cross 1
    (GG or Gg) 1
    3d recessive yellow allele g 1
    homozygous means both alleles the same 1
    ¼ or 25% chance of getting gg 1

    © Oxford University Press 2016 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements


    This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 1
    Student Book answers B12 Summary questions

    Question Answer Marks Guidance


    number
    4a dominant phenotype:
    characteristic seen even if allele coding for it present only on one 1
    chromosome in a pair
    recessive phenotype:
    characteristic only present if coded for on both chromosomes in a pair 1
    4b any two from: 2
     dimples
     dangly earlobes
     straight or curved thumbs
     black/brown coat colour in mice
     red/green colour blindness
     cystic fibrosis
     polydactyly
    4c cystic fibrosis is recessive phenotype 1
    faulty allele must be present on both chromosomes in a pair for child to 1
    have the disease
    so one faulty allele must be inherited from each parent 1
    4d an individual can be a carrier (with one allele for recessive condition) 1
    but not be aware of it because they also have an allele for the 1
    dominant, healthy phenotype
    and so have no symptoms of disease 1

    © Oxford University Press 2016 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements


    This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 2
    Student Book answers B12 Summary questions

    Question Answer Marks Guidance


    number
    4e both parents hererozygotes Ff 1
    Gametes F f 2
    F FF Ff
    f Ff ff

    offspring genotypes: 1 FF, 2 Ff, 1 ff 1


    offspring phenotypes: 3 normal, 1 cystic fibrosis 1
    4f Huntington’s disease phenotype is dominant (H) 1
    an affected individual can only pass on dominant allele to offspring 1
    if affected individual is homozygous (HH), all offspring will be affected 1
    if affected individual is heterozygous (Hh), 1 in 2 offspring will be 1
    affected
    because symptoms do not emerge until middle age, affected individual 1
    could have offspring before becoming aware of disease
    5a Sami’s alleles are ss 1
    we know this because she has curved thumbs, which is recessive 1
    phenotype; she must have inherited two alleles for recessive
    characteristic

    © Oxford University Press 2016 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements


    This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 3
    Student Book answers B12 Summary questions

    Question Answer Marks Guidance


    number
    5bi Josh’s alleles are Ss 1
    the baby has inherited an allele for the recessive characteristic from 1
    each parent, so Josh must have a recessive allele; we know he also
    has a dominant allele as he has straight thumbs
    5 b ii Gametes S s 3 1 mark for 2 correct squares.
    s Ss ss
    s Ss ss
    6a mutation/particular conditions in which it was grown 3 Credit any other sensible answer.
    6bi both parent plants must have had recessive white allele 1
    (one homozygous, one heterozygous): 1
    Gametes p p 3 1 mark for 2 correct squares.
    P P pp
    p pp pp
    6 b ii actual results (295:102) 1
    very close 1
    to expected ratio of 3:1 white flowers:purple flowers (1 PP, 3 pp) 1
    6ci cross purple flowers 1
    with white flowers (pp) 1
    6 c ii if purple flowers homozygous PP, all offspring will be purple (Pp) 1
    if purple flowers heterozygous Pp, half offspring will be purple (Pp) 1
    and half white (pp) 1

    © Oxford University Press 2016 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements


    This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 4

    You might also like