Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 22 views

    Superconductivity in Bilayer Graphene

    Uploaded by

    Science Brains
    Graphite becomes a superconductor when two graphene sheets are arranged one over the other and slightly misplaced by an angle of 1.10, with a critical temperature below 1.7 K. This is a revolutionary finding as graphene is conventionally an insulator. Superconductivity is a state where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic fields are expelled from certain materials when cooled below a critical temperature. Previously, extremely low temperatures were required but this graphene structure may enable more practical applications of superconductivity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Superconductivity in Bilayer Graphene

    Uploaded by

    Science Brains
    22 views5 pages
    Graphite becomes a superconductor when two graphene sheets are arranged one over the other and slightly misplaced by an angle of 1.10, with a critical temperature below 1.7 K. This is a revolutionary finding as graphene is conventionally an insulator. Superconductivity is a state where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic fields are expelled from certain materials when cooled below a critical temperature. Previously, extremely low temperatures were required but this graphene structure may enable more practical applications of superconductivity.

    Original Title

    SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN BILAYER GRAPHENE

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Graphite becomes a superconductor when two graphene sheets are arranged one over the other and slightly misplaced by an angle of 1.10, with a critical temperature below 1.7 K. This is a revolutionary finding as graphene is conventionally an insulator. Superconductivity is a state where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic fields are expelled from certain materials when cooled below a critical temperature. Previously, extremely low temperatures were required but this graphene structure may enable more practical applications of superconductivity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    22 views5 pages

    Superconductivity in Bilayer Graphene

    Uploaded by

    Science Brains
    Graphite becomes a superconductor when two graphene sheets are arranged one over the other and slightly misplaced by an angle of 1.10, with a critical temperature below 1.7 K. This is a revolutionary finding as graphene is conventionally an insulator. Superconductivity is a state where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic fields are expelled from certain materials when cooled below a critical temperature. Previously, extremely low temperatures were required but this graphene structure may enable more practical applications of superconductivity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    ABSTRACT

    As we know that, the concept of SUPERCONDUCTIVITY has a very


    large potential to shape the future technology in many fields, whether
    it is quantum computing or it is medical science. The major problem
    of using superconductivity was the extremely low temperatures can
    now be solved by a revolutionary substance, GRAPHENE which is
    conventionally an insulator, but when 2 graphene sheets are arranged
    one over the other and slightly misplaced by an angle of 1.10,
    becomes a superconductor at Tc < 1.7 K.
    SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN BILAYER GRAPHENE
    1. Superconductivity: Superconductivity, composed of two different words,
    ‘Super’ meaning Very good or excellent and ‘Conductivity’ meaning Ability
    to conduct. So, literally superconductivity means ‘Excellent ability to
    conduct’. Basically, superconductivity is a set of physical properties
    observed in certain materials where electrical resistance vanishes and electric
    flux fields are expelled from the material and any material that exhibits these
    properties is a superconductor. A superconductor has a characteristic critical
    temperature below which, the resistance drops abruptly to zero.
    1.1. Discovery of Superconductivity: In 1911, Kamerlingh Onnes observed
    that the DC resistance of mercury dropped from 8.4 x 10-2 at 4.3 K to
    below 3 x 10-6 ohms at 3 K, practically losing its DC resistance. This
    phenomenon of complete disappearance of DC resistance below a
    critical temperature Tc is known as superconductivity.
    Cooling below critical temperature is considered to cause a phase
    transition from a state of normal resistivity to a superconducting state.
    1.2. Examples of superconductors in Periodic table: There are many
    metallic elements and alloys that show superconductivity.
    Semiconductors like Si, Ge, Se and Te become superconductors under
    high pressure and at low temperatures.
    Superconductivity may also depend on the crystal structure, for
    example only one allotropic form of Bi is superconducting out of many
    allotropic forms.
    1.2.1. Compound superconductors: The transition temperature of
    compound superconductors is generally higher are divided into 2
    categories-
     Low Tc superconductors, having transition temperatures
    around 20 K or below. For example, V3Si, Nb3Al, Nb3Ge,
    Rb2CsC60, etc.
     High Tc superconductors, having transition temperatures
    around 100 K or above. For example, YBa2Cu3O7,
    Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3O10, etc.
    1.3. Effect of Magnetic fields on Superconductivity: A sufficiently strong
    magnetic field will destroy superconductivity. The threshold or critical
    value of the applied magnetic field for the destruction of
    superconductivity is denoted by Hc(T) and is a function of the
    temperature. At the critical temperature the critical field is zero-
    Hc(Tc) = 0
    The variation of the critical field with temperature for several
    superconducting elements is shown in below figure. The threshold
    curves separate the superconducting state in the lower left of the figure
    from the normal state in the upper right.
    1.4. Meissner Effect: Meissner and Ochsenfeld (1933) found that if a
    superconductor is cooled in a magnetic field to below the transition
    temperature, then at the transition the lines of induction B are pushed
    out, as shown below.
    Examples: In 1966, it was discovered that some cuprate-
    perovskite ceramic materials have a critical temperature above
    90 K (-183℃). Such a high transition temperature is
    theoretically impossible for a conventional superconductor,
    leading the materials to be termed high-temperature
    superconductors. The cheaply available coolant liquid
    nitrogen boils at 77 K, and thus the existence of
    superconductivity at higher temperatures than this facilitates
    many experiments and applications that are less practical at
    lower temperatures.

    You might also like