Computer Practice N4 Study Guide. (CTC)

COMPUTER PRACTICE N4 CENTRAL TECHNICAL COLLEGE©
NATIONAL N DIPLOMA IN HUMAN RESOURCE

MANAGEMENT
COMPUTER PRACTICE N4
STUDY GUIDE
2021
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Table of Contents
1 About CENTRAL TECHNICAL COLLEGE...........................................................................................6
2 Our Teaching and Learning Methodology......................................................................................6
2.1 Icons......................................................................................................................................8
3 Introduction to the Module.........................................................................................................12
3.1 Module Information............................................................................................................12
3.2 Module Purpose.............................................................................................................12
3.3 Outcomes..........................................................................................................................12
3.4 Assessment.......................................................................................................................13
3.5 Planning Your Studies / Resources Required for this Module: ......................13
4 Prescribed Reading.......................................................................................................................14
4.1 Prescribed Book.............................................................................................................14
4.2 Recommended Articles.................................................................................................14
4.3 Recommended Multimedia.........................................................................................14
5 Module Pacing..............................................................................................................................15
5.1 Week 1: Introduction to ICT concepts, digital world, and digital
citizenship....................................................................................................................................18
5.1.1 Introduction to the concepts of ICT's, the digital world and digital
citizenship................................................................................................................................18
5.1.2 Different types of ICT systems.....................................................................................20
5.1.3 Computer usage and applications as part of society....................................................20
5.1.4 PERSONAL COMPUTERS AND HOW THEY ARE USED...................................................22
5.1.5 Categories of hardware................................................................................................26
5.1.6 Computer Performance...............................................................................................30
5.1.7 Starting up and shutting down operating system........................................................32
5.1.8 Types of operation system...........................................................................................33
5.1.9 Shutting down or restarting a computer......................................................................33
5.2 Week 2: MICROSOFT WORD & MICROSCOFT EXCEL ..............................46
5.2.1 Purpose of word processing applications .......................................................46
5.2.2 Use basic features to create, edit and format a document..........................................47
5.2.3 Applying basic formatting to a document....................................................................48
5.2.4 Document formatting..................................................................................................51
5.2.5 Spreadsheet application – MS Excel............................................................................58
5.2.6 Basic spreadsheet formatting......................................................................................62
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5.2.7 Calculations using simple formula................................................................................66

5.3 Week 3: Presentation application – MS PowerPoint...........................................................72
5.3.1 Purpose of using presentation software......................................................................72
5.3.2 Benefits of presentation software...............................................................................72
5.3.3 The user interface........................................................................................................73
5.3.4 Apply a design theme...................................................................................................74
5.3.5 Previewing and printing your slide show.....................................................................77
5.4 Week 4: Networking and communication skills...................................................................79
5.4.1 Networking and communication skills.........................................................................79
5.4.2 Network hardware and its uses...................................................................................80
5.4.3 5G Technology.............................................................................................................81
5.4.4 Creating a small office network or home office network.............................................81
5.5 Week 5: Data, Information management, computational thinking.....................................82
5.5.1 Information management, computational thinking, collaboration, and blogging.......83
5.5.2 Applying computational thinking to a problem............................................................83
5.5.3 Online collaboration tools and services:......................................................................84
5.5.4 Different types of collaboration tools and their purpose.............................................84
5.5.5 Creating a Microsoft OneDrive Account.......................................................................85
5.5.6 The difference between websites and blogs................................................................86
5.5.7 Creating blogs..............................................................................................................86
5.5.8 Creating a post.............................................................................................................87
5.6 Week 6: The internet and the World Wide Web.................................................................87
5.6.1 Internet and Communication skills:.............................................................................88
5.6.2 Purpose of the internet................................................................................................88
5.6.3 IP Addresses.................................................................................................................88
5.6.4 The World Wide Web:.........................................................................................88
5.6.5 Information tools on the Web.....................................................................................89
5.6.6 Obtaining information and using the WWW................................................................90
5.6.7 Search engine...............................................................................................................91
5.6.8 Social Media.................................................................................................................91
5.7 Week 7: Digital Citizenship..................................................................................................93
5.7.1 Legal and social implications of ICT..............................................................................93
5.7.2 Software piracy............................................................................................................93
5.7.3 ICT and ethics...............................................................................................................94
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5.7.4 Cybercrimes:................................................................................................................94
5.8 Week 8: Digital Citizenship..................................................................................................95
5.9 ICT and health:.....................................................................................................................95
5.9.1 Positive and negative impact of ICT ON A USER’S health.............................................95
5.9.2 Ergonomic issues.........................................................................................................96
5.9.3 Positive impact of ICT...................................................................................................96
5.9.4 How can an individual user make a difference?...........................................................97
5.9.5 How can the organisation make a difference?.............................................................97
6 References....................................................................................................................................97
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1 About CENTRAL TECHNICAL COLLEGE

In 2010, Central Technical College opened its doors in the Further Education and
Training sphere in South Africa, in response to the call for educated and well-
trained professionals in the fields of Engineering, Management and Humanities.
With the intention of paving an easier path to tertiary education for students
without National Senior Certificates, poor grades and passes that did not allow
them to study at university, we became champions of academic change and
developed a unique range of courses so that these students could also study
further and realise their career goals.
Our courses hold a strong accreditation from the QCTO and are geared towards
the technical thinker, the student with strong leadership attributes and those who
enjoy working with people. Studying at Central Technical College empowers you
with a qualification to access university, ignite a successful career and maintain
consistent employment!
Central Technical College (Pty) Ltd is provisionally registered with the

Department of Higher Education and Training as a private college under the
Continuing Education and Training Act, No. 16 of 2006. Registration Certificate
No: 2014/FE07/001. Central Technical College (Pty) Ltd is also provisionally
accredited by Umalusi, the Quality Council for General and Further Education
and Training. Registration Number: FET 00880PA (Durban), 16FET0200040PA
(Cape Town), 16FET0200032PA (Pretoria). Central Technical College (Pty) Ltd is
further accredited with the Quality Council for Trades and Occupations (QCTO).
Accreditation Number: 13/0007 (Durban), 13/0026 (Braamfontein), 13/0025 (Cape
Town), and 13/0027 (Pretoria).
2 Our Teaching and Learning Methodology

ICESA strives to promote a learning-centred and knowledge-based teaching and learning
environment. Teaching and learning activities primarily take place within academic programmes and
guide students to attain specific outcomes.
• A learning-centred approach is one in which not only lecturers and students, but all
sections and activities of the institution work together in establishing a learning
community that promotes a deepening of insight and a broadening of perspective with
regard to learning and the application thereof.
• An outcomes-oriented approach implies that the following categories of outcomes are
embodied in the academic programmes:
• Culminating outcomes that are generic with specific reference to the critical cross-field
outcomes including problem identification and problem-solving, co-operation, self-
organisation and self-management, research skills, communication skills,
entrepreneurship and the application of science and technology.
• Empowering outcomes that are specific, i.e. the context specific competencies students
must master within specific learning areas and at specific levels before they exit or move
to a next level.
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• Discrete outcomes of community service learning to cultivate discipline-appropriate

competencies.
CTC actively strives to promote a research culture within which a critical-analytical approach and
competencies can be developed in students at undergraduate level. ICESA accepts that students’
learning is influenced by a number of factors, including their previous educational experience, their
cultural background, their perceptions of particular learning tasks and assessments, as well as
discipline contexts.
Students learn better when they are actively engaged in their learning rather than when they are
passive recipients of transmitted information and/or knowledge. A learning-oriented culture that
acknowledges individual student learning styles and diversity and focuses on active learning and
student engagement, with the objective of achieving deep learning outcomes and preparing
students for lifelong learning, is seen as the ideal. These principles are supported through the use of
an engaged learning approach that involves interactive, reflective, cooperative, experiential, creative
or constructive learning, as well as conceptual learning via online-based tools.
Effective teaching-learning approaches are supported by:
• Well-designed and active learning tasks or opportunities to encourage a deep rather

than a surface approach to learning.
• Content integration that entails the construction, contextualization and application of
knowledge, principles and theories rather than the memorisation and reproduction of
information.
• Learning that involves students building knowledge by constructing meaning for
themselves.
• The ability to apply what has been learnt in one context to another context or problem.
• Knowledge acquisition at a higher level that requires self-insight, self-regulation and self-
evaluation during the learning process.
• Collaborative learning in which students work together to reach a shared goal and
contribute to one another’s learning at a distance.
• Community service learning that leads to collaborative and mutual acquisition of
competencies in order to ensure cross cultural interaction and societal development.
• Provision of resources such as information technology and digital library facilities of a
high quality to support an engaged teaching-learning approach.
• A commitment to give effect teaching-learning in innovative ways and the fostering of
digital literacy.
• Establishing a culture of learning as an overarching and cohesive factor within
institutional diversity.
• Teaching and learning that reflect the reality of diversity.
• Taking multi culturality into account in a responsible manner that seeks to foster an
appreciation of diversity, build mutual respect and promote cross-cultural learning
experiences that encourage students to display insight into and appreciation of
differences.
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2.1 Icons
The icons below act as markers, that will help you make your way through the study guide.
Additional Information
All supplementary and recommended learning resources
Announcements
Important announcements made via myClass
Assessments
Continuous and Summative Assessments
Audio Material
Audio recordings and podcasts
Calculator
Activities that require calculation and equation base solutions
Case Study
Working examples of concepts and practices
Chat
A live chat with your Online Academic Tutor
Discussion Forum
Topic to be explored in the weekly discussion forum
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Glossary
Learning activity centered on building a module glossary
Group Assignment
Assignments to be completed with peers
Help
Instructions on how to receive academic support and guidance
Individual Assignment
Assignments to be completed individually
Lesson Material
Learning content in myClass as per the units below
Module Information
Important information regarding your module like outcomes, credits,

assessment, and textbooks
Module Welcome
A welcome to the module in myClass to introduce you to the module and

important module information
Outcomes
Learning outcomes you will meet at the end of a section or module
Survey
A poll, feedback form or survey to complete
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Practice
Indicates an activity for you to practice what you’ve learnt
Lesson/Virtual Class
Virtual Class links available via myClass
Quote
A thought, quote or important statement from a thought leader in the

specialist field
Reading
Prescribed reading material and module textbooks
Revision
Questions and activities that will support your module revision
Self-Assessment Quiz
Weekly quizzes to complete to self-measure if you have a complete

understanding of the lesson material
Shout Out | Example
Examples and highlights to contextualise the learning material, critical

concepts and processes
Lesson Material
Indicates sections of learning material in myClass
Thinking Point
A question, problem or example posed to you for deeper thinking,

interrogation, and reflection
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Time
The allocated time required per week, unit and module related to the
module credit structure as per your factsheet
Video
Additional videos, video tutorials, desktop capture/screen recording and

other audiovisual supplementary material
Vocabulary
Important words and their definitions that aid the development of your
specialist vocabulary
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3 Introduction to the Module

Welcome to Computer Practice N4
It is a fact that you will be able to perform your tasks better if you have good computer skills. The
computer is one of the most important business tools today and will form a large part of your day-
to-day function. Poor computer skills show up quickly in an office environment and will affect the
way people view your performance. The truth is that it does not just affect the way people view your
performance, but also affects your actual performance negatively.
3.1 Module Information

Qualification title National N Diploma in Human Resource Management
Module Title Computer Practice N4
NQF Level 5
3.2 Module Purpose

A basic Computer Practice subject will take you back to the origin of computers in business and
highlight the importance of computer technology and how it is applied in business today. It will also
introduce you to computer hardware and peripherals so you can become conversant with it and use
it functionally. The aim is also to develop your use of the system programmes, word processing
programmes and spreadsheets up to an intermediate level. Apart from the programmes that are
most used in business, a new programme is sure to find its way in business on a regular basis. So, a
good Computer Practice subject will also teach you how to use the manuals of system programmes
and application programmes to enable you to develop independent mastery of any new programme
which might be used in practice.
3.3 Outcomes
At the end of this module you should be able to:
 At the end of this module, you should be able to:

 Understand computer concepts and application skills.
 Understand word processing.
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 Understand spreadsheet application.

 Understand and use presentation application.
 Understand networking and communication skills.
 Understand data, information, and computational thinking.
 Be able to understand and use internet and communication skills.
 Understand digital citizenship.
3.4 Assessment
You will be required to complete both formative and summative assessment activities.
Formative assessment:
These are compulsory internal assessments which are compulsory and contribute towards your
Term Mark.
1. NATIONAL ASSIGNMENT
2. NATIONAL TEST
3. NATIONAL DP EXAMINATION
Summative assessment:
These are external assessments from the DHET. Students must be registered with the DHET in order
to write these assessments.
ENTRANCE TO SUMMATIVE EXAMINTION REQUIREMENTS:
80% ATTENDANCE RATE AND MINIMUM TERM MARK OF 40%
Mark allocation
The marks are derived as follows for this module:
Assignment 20%
National Test 30%
National DP Examination 50%
TOTAL 100%
3.5 Planning Your Studies / Resources Required for this Module:
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What equipment will I need?  Access to a personal computer and internet.

 Access to academic journals
 Access to textbooks
4 Prescribed Reading
4.1 Prescribed Book
Sasti. S, Sasti. D. (2021). Computer Practice.NorthCliff: Troupant Publishers.
4.2 Recommended Articles

Please refer to the additional resources that are mentioned throughout the various weeks.
4.3 Recommended Multimedia

Please refer to the video resources that are mentioned throughout the various weeks.
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5 Module Pacing
NAME OF TOPIC FOR THE WEEK AS PER THIS GUIDE AND REFLECTIVE OF LMS
Weeks WEEKLY TOPICS FOR THE SEMESTER
2021
1
ICT systems and Basic Principles
2 Word Processing and spreadsheet applications
3 Presentation software
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Hardware components that constitute a software
5 Data information management, computational thinking Continued
6 Internet and communication systems
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Digital Citizenship
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Digital Citizenship
Exam
Week
Prescribed Learning Activities and Engagements:
Video Content At least ONE video resource to be in each subsection of content.

This is be embedded within the content at the appropriate time as
per the learning design.
Podcast At least ONE podcast to be in each unit.
The podcast must be seen as supplementary to the learning content
and if a podcast is not available on the specific topics at hand, an
adjunct concept/topic can be used that will broaden the general
area knowledge of the subject matter for the student.
Podcasts should not be selected that are only available on
streaming websites that require a subscription.
Thinking Point At least ONE thinking point should be used within each subsection
of content as a way to pause the movement through content and to
provide the chance for the student to think and concretize their
learning or what they have just read. A thinking point may be a
hypothetical, a personal reflection or a question regarding the
content within a different context (application). A thinking point
must be thorough and engaging enough to draw pause and focus
from the student.
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Case Studies A case study should be within each unit and can be used in any
relevant subsection of content. The case study should be robust
enough for the student to understand how to apply something or to
see how a function/tool/theory or practice may work in a real world
environment. A case study should be seen as a way for the student
to be reflected in the learning experience and as such, it is advised
that case studies are selected from local/afrocentric contexts and
illustrate our commitment to intersectionality within our teaching
and learning approach and philosophy.
Discussion Forum Each unit of study/each week will require at least ONE discussion
forum topics. This can either be embedded within a certain section
of content or it can be at the end of the unit content depending on
the requirements of the module as per the subject matter. The
discussion forum topic/question should robust and dense enough
for the student to be engaged and a reference must be made to the
fact that the Discussion Forum topic is live and available within the
module page on myClass.
Example/Practice These are to be used within each section that deals with applied
learning – the application of a process, technique, equation or
function. The example is to be used when an example of a problem
and a solution is provided and the practice is to be used when a
problem is provided for the student to solve.
Vocabulary Vocabulary is to be used within each subsection of content where
an important word, term or definition is provided that students are
to take note of.
Glossary The glossary is an LMS activity function and can be inserted into a
guide where the development of a glossary is required and
necessary for the module. This is to be used mainly within NQF 5
modules as it speaks to the specific level descriptors of that module.
Additional Resource Each subsection of content must have at least THREE additional
resources. These can be supplementary articles and journals,
mixed/multimedia content such as a respected blog, social media
account, news site, music video or audio recording. The additional
resource must be provided by the study guide author if it is an
“attachment” that will require loading into the LMS.
Prescribed Reading Each subsection must refer to a page, section or chapter in the
prescribed reading for the module. The prescribed reading should
indicate to the student where to locate the texts from which the
subsection has been summarised or written. This may be placed at
the start of the subsection, or at the appropriate point where a
student must leave the study guide/lms and read through a text
section in the prescribed reading.
Quote Each subsection of content should have at least ONE quote that is
from a thought leader in the field, or contextualises a section of
learning for the student. The quote must not be inserted as a
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graphic but as plan text with the appropriate graphic alongside it.
Self-Assessment Quiz Each unit/week will have a self-assessment quiz for the student.
Within the study guide, the author can refer to the self-assessment
as per the below but must stress that the self-assessment will be
live in the module myClass page for completion.
Referencing
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5.1 Week 1: Introduction to ICT concepts, digital world, and

digital citizenship
This week will introduce the concept of ICT, digital world, and digital
Purpose
citizenship
Introduction to the concepts of ICI's, the digital citizenship

 Explain the term ICT.
 Differentiate between different types of ICT systems.
 Understand personal computers and how they are used.
 Understand hardware, software, memory, and storage.
 Discuss the concept and purpose of file organisation.
 Discuss the concept of naming files and folders as well as naming
conventions.
Learning  Describe different types of files:
Outcomes  Discuss concepts such as: Drive, path, filename, and file extension.
 Discuss and explain the concepts of: File properties in relation to size.
 Interpret the representation of a list files in the windows explorer.
 Differentiate between the terms: copy, rename, delete, restore,
move, vies and sort files and files and folders.
 Perform basic file organisation operations.
 Select individual files and folders or collection of files and folders,

Sort files according to specific criteria, create a folder
Time It will take you 6 hours to make your way through this study week.
Prescribed Sasti. S, Sasti. D. (2021). Computer Practice. Northcliff: Troupant Publishers.

Reading
The prescribed textbook covers this learning material on pages 1 – 8.
5.1.1 Introduction to the concepts of ICT's, the digital world and

digital citizenship
A digital world
A digital world is the availability of computer technology that can be used
by people to communicate over the Internet in daily life.
Computers are almost everywhere; we live in a digital world. This means

that our lives tend to revolve around digital devices and the Internet.
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Computers are now found in everyday devices such as cell phones,

televisions, watches, cameras, cars, air conditioners. washing machines,
microwaves, media players and the list goes on.
We use computers to do our shopping, banking, watch movies, play games,

get directions for travelling, listen to music, order our food, perform our
tasks at work and even communicate with our friends.
A digital citizen
This defines any person that uses digital devices and connects to the
internet for purposes of work, study, or even personal use.
Can you imagine life without your cell phone, which we use to access the
internet and social media such as Facebook, YouTube, etc. You may not
even be able to survive without social media which keeps us connected to
each other and entertained.
A digital citizen means understanding the risk with using computers. When
you use computer technologies to access the Internet and social media. you
leave behind a digital footprint of your activities.
Criminals can now use this information for their gain You need to take the
appropriate security measures to protect your information. There is
acceptable and unacceptable behaviour when it comes to being in the
digital world.
There are things that you can do, like download music from trusted sources,
and things that you cannot do, like spreading fake news on the Internet.
Technology is always changing and with each change there is opportunity

that is provided to benefit society. The fourth Industrial revolution, which
has also been referred to as 4IR or Industry 4.0 is the buzz word that
everyone is talking about such as governments, industries, educational,
healthy sector and the military. So, what is all the fuss about and why is
4IR expected to have a major impact on all sectors of life.
What is ICT?
Information and communication technology (ICT) are the combination of

electronic computing devices and network connections like the Internet.
Information and Communication Technology refers to using computing

technologies (such as computers, tablets, and cell phones) to share
information (such as messages, videos, and documents) with the use of
communication technologies such as cell phone towers, satellites, and the
internet).
This means that we are now looking at the connectivity be between devices
and between people. It includes the hardware, software, data, connections,
and procedures required to connect to the digital world. ICT enables
governments, organisations and even people can be connected via the
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Internet. The Internet can be accessed by the public and there are
instances when information that we communicate must be the private or
restricted to the members of an organisation will make use of network to
communicate.
5.1.2 Different types of ICT systems

ICT is the combination of technologies that people use daily to connect to the digital
world. There are many reasons for people to connect digitally, therefore, there are
different types of ICT systems. Here are some of the different types of ICT systems as
shown below:
Information Systems
These are computer systems ana soft re mat are used to store all types of information
required for an organisation. The information can be about products. services,
employees, suppliers, finance, sales. stocks. etc.
• Government departments like Home Affairs can use information

systems to track the number of citizens in the country.
• Colleges use them to keep track of student records.
Control Systems
These are ICT systems that are used in manufacturing or production companies. They
can be used to control the manufacturing process without physical human involvement.
• Car manufacturing plants make use of these systems to control the

assembly of vehicles.
• Production plants can use these systems to electronically control
packaging of products.
Communication Systems
These are systems where the main aim is communication, the delivery of data from one
point to another point, without loss of data Examples are:
• Cell Phone towers.

• Radio wave towers.
• Satellite towers. Telephone cables networks.
5.1.3 Computer usage and applications as part of society

Computers and other digital devices are a major part of people’s lives. They are
extremely important for governments, business, and other entities. They serve different
purposes for different people. Listed below are some of the uses of computers and
software applications as part of society.
Personal uses
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People as individuals use computers and applications for some of the following
reasons:
 Completing tasks using Word processing, spreadsheet, or other applications.

 Playing games using gaming applications.
 Using social media applications like WhatsApp, Facebook, etc., to connect to
each other.
 Using the Internet to:
- Watch videos using applications like YouTube.

- Use search engines like Google. Firefox, etc., to search for all
sorts of information.
- Complete online purchases.
Organizational uses
There are many uses of computers and applications for organisations:
• Organisations can store and process information about everything

relating to the business.
• Organisations can make decisions based on the information generated
by software applications.
• They can make use of e-commerce applications to sell goods or
services online.
• They can communicate with their different branches across different
parts of a country or even different parts of the world.
• Employees can work from home by connecting to office networks
using the Internet.
Portable and mobile devices Computers are electronic devices which perform certain
tasks or actions. A computer takes in input in the form of keystrokes, mouse
movements, trackpads, touchscreen inputs, etc. The computer then processes this input
and generates an output on a computer screen, cell phone screen, or even hardcopy
outputs like printouts. We will go into more detail about how computers work, in the
next Unit. For now, we will look at some of the portable or mobile computing devices
that are widely used today. A portable or mobile device is something that can be
moved around easily, like laptops, cell phones. etc. We will look at some of these
devices below.
Smartphones
Most of us own cell phones: and many of those cell phones are smartphones These
smartphones are like minicomputers. They allow us to use similar applications that we
would use on a PC, like word processing, spreadsheets, email. and web browsers. They
allow us to connect to the Internet and interact via different social media applications.
Laptops
A laptop is a portable version of a computer. It functions just as a normal PC (personal

computer). It has a screen for output and a key for input. Some laptops have
touchscreen so they can accept input by touching the screen as you do with your
smartphones. Laptops run on a battery or a power supply, or both.
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Tablets
Tablets are mobile computers that are blaster than smartphones but smaller than
laptops. They have touchscreens and run of a battery or power supply. They do not
usually come with keypads like laptops. They work in a similar way to smartphones.
Digital readers
Digital readers are electronic devices that are specifically meant for reading E-books
(electronic books). They are also called E-Readers (Electronic Readers). Most E-
Readers have touchscreens, and they allow you to move through pages just as you
would with a real book. They also allow for Internet connections so that you can
download e-books.
Wearable devices Wearable devices are electronic digital devices that can be worn,
usually by people. These can be devices like smartwatches, smart clothes, smart shoes,
smart glasses, or activity trackers. They have many benefits and can connect to other
mobiles devices like smartphones. Activity trackers are usually used to keep track of
fitness levels and monitor heart rates. Smartwatches can do the same things as activity
trackers, but some can also allow connection to some social media applications as well
as allow for making phone calls.
Gaming devices These are devices that are meant for playing video games or electronic
games. These gaming consoles can be connected to a television so that the game can be
viewed on a screen. These games can be multi-player or single-player games. They
even allow for Internet connections which means that games can be played with people
that are in different locations over the internet.
5.1.4 PERSONAL COMPUTERS AND HOW THEY ARE USED

In this Unit, we will look at what a personal computer (PC) is. It is also referred to a as
desktop computer because it must be placed on a desk to use it. We will explore the
different hardware and software that make up PCs, as well as determine how to use
them. We will also discuss which are the best computers to use and why. People use
computers for many reasons. A person that uses a computer is called a 'Computer
User', or just 'user' for short.
Hardware, software, memory, and storage
A computer is made up of two important parts, hardware, and software.
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hardware: the physical devices Mot you can see and touch. software: electronic
programs that tell the hardware what to do.
Hardware is all the physical components that you can see, feel and touch. The hardware
is broken up into input, processing storage and output devices.
Input devices
Devices used to Input from the user, like a keyboard, for mouse, scanner, touchscreen,
stylus, etc.
Output devices
Devices that are used to produce output the user, like a monitor, speakers, printer.
Processing and memory devices
These are small devices that are found inside the computer tower. The CPU (central
processing unit) is the brain of the computer and does the processing of tasks.
Computer memory stores data waiting to be processed by the CPU.
Storage devices
Devices used to store data in various formats. These can be internal storage like hard
disk drives, or removable devices like. flash memory sticks.
Software is the programming instructions that tell the computer what to do. A
computer is a machine, and as such it needs to be told what to do, otherwise it would
not be able to work. For this reason, software is extremely important, and it is what
changes a computer from just an electronic hardware that cannot do anything. into an
extremely powerful tool that is capable of so many things.
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Types and forms of computers
There are various types of computers that are meant for different purposes,
as shown in the table below.
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A computer is a powerful processing device. To understand how computers

work, we need to understand the Information Processing Cycle. The cycle
consists of the following important parts:
Input
In this step the computer receives data from the input source such as the
user or a program. This is the methods used to enter data into the
computer. The input data is sent to be processed by the CPU. The user
can input data using devices like a keyboard, mouse, microphone,
scanners, touchscreen joystick controller, etc. Data input can also come
from the networking devices such as Wi-Fi, Cell phone networks and the
internet.
25
Processing All tasks in a computer is processed by the Central Processing

Unit or CPU. The CPU is like the human brain and is responsible controlling
the hardware devices computer. The CPU interprets the users input and
then perform actions to produce the required output for the user. The CPU
is a small chip that is found inside the computer attached to the computer
board, also known as the motherboard.
Output
Once the input has been processed, it is then converted into a format to be
displayed to the user. The output is sent to an output device like the
monitor, speakers, printer, digital projector. etc. It can also be sent to a
storage device for example when you save a document on a flash memory
stick.
Storage
These are the devices used to store the input from the user or the
processed information from the CPU. When the CPU is processing input, it
stores computer instructions or data in its temporary memory. RAM
(Random Access Memory). When it needs to store data permanently, it
does so on the hard disk drive or removable storage devices. The CPU also
accesses the programming instructions (software) from the hard disk drive.
Communication
The hardware devices are connected to the computer via connecting cables.
Devices can be connected to the computer internally or externally. Data is
sent from the device to the computer via these cables. Each type of cable
can transmit data at different speeds. The CPU receives information from
the device and processes it. The communicates information to output
devices of the storage device.
5.1.5 Categories of hardware

Definition of peripherals
These are any external devices that provide input, storage and output functions for the
computer which can be connected via cables or wirelessly such as keyboards, printers,
external hard drive etc.
We will look at the specific hardware that is used with the different types of computers
which can be found inside or outside a computer. Devices that are found inside the
computer are known as internal components. Devices that are found outside the
computer are known as peripherals and are usually connected externally to the
computer either with cables or wirelessly. Computing hardware is broken into five
main categories:
2. Input devices
26
3. Output devices
4. Communication devices
5. Processing devices
6. Storage devices
Input devices
Keyboard - The user types on the keys to issue instructions to the computer. This is the
most common input device.
Mouse - Is used to move the cursor on the screen and navigate around in a software
application.
Touchpad - Is a small, flat, rectangular pointing device that works like a mouse. It is
sensitive to pressure and motion and is found on laptops and some tablets.
Touchscreens - They provide touch input and are used by smartphones, laptops. All in
One Computers, Interactive televisions, tablets, laptops, wearable devices, digital
cameras, and navigation systems.
Digital pen or stylus – A digital pen is an input device that capture and converts a
user’s handwriting or drawing into a digital format
Output devices
Display screens This is the most common output device that displays text, images,
graphics, and video information. Almost all digital device uses a screen to display in
pies are monitor, laptop screens, Television, cell phone screen, camera screen, printers,
microwaves, smart watches, drone remote screens, etc.
Different technologies are used to create screens such as:
• Liquid crystal display (LCD)

• Light-emitting diode (LED)
• Organic LED (OLED)
Speakers
An output device that is used to produce sound waves such as music.
Inkjet printers
A type of nonimpact printer that forms characters and graphics by spraying tiny drops
of liquid ink onto a piece of paper. Prints high quality photos.
Laser printers
Uses laser technology to print high quality images and text on paper in colour or black
and Nliute. They can print at very high speeds and can be used for high volume
printing.
Photo copiers
27
Photocopiers can print documents from a computer or print copies of documents that
are scanned first.
Photocopiers use laser technology to print high quality images and text on paper in
colour or black and white. They are commonly used by businesses.
3-D printers
3-D printers use a process called additive manufacturing to print solid objects from a
digital design. 3-D printers work by laying dorm thin layers of material in the form of
liquid or powdered plastic, metal, or cement, and then fusing the layers together, such
as clothing, prosthetics, eyewear, implants, toys, parts, prototypes.
Processors
A computing device typically contains two types of processors
• Central processing unit (CPU) • • Graphical processing unit

(GPU).
How the CPU works The CPU has a major impact on the performance of your device
because it manages most of a computer’s operations. The instructions from programs is
first saved into memory and then sent to the CP U for processing the a few instructions
at a time.
The CPU has two parts which works together to process the tasks for the computer:
• Control unit (CU) - It interprets each instruction issued to the CPU by

a program or an application and then initiates the appropriate action to be carry
out.
• Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) —Is the second part of the CPU which
performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations. Performs the
calculations.
Note
On larger powerful computers, such as servers; contain multiple CPU chips. Tasks are
shared between the many CPU chips. This enables the server to perform a high
workload.
Multicore Processors
A processor core is a flat extremely thin piece of silicone containing circuitry necessary
to execute instructions. A multi-core processor is a single chip with two or more
separate processor cores layered one on top of the other. The operating system views
each processor core as a separate processor.
Graphical Processing Unit (GPI.)
28
GPU is a specialised processor designed to handle graphics operations. It does the

calculations to render both 2D and 3D images or videos on the screen. A dedicated
GPU will have its own RAM while an integrated GPU will share the RAM with the
CPU.
Mobile Processors
The Mobile CPU has been specifically designated to be much smaller and use less
power than the CPUs for desktops and laptops. This has allowed smartphones to be
thinner and have longer battery life. The CPU has the biggest impact on the speed of a
device and modern smartphones have 5g or Artificial Intelligence (All technology
embedded in the CPU to improve
Communication devices
A communication device is used to send information over wired or wireless

technology. They are also known as networking devices because they enable devices to
connect over a network. Such as using a cell phone send a picture to your friend's cell
phones.
Computer memory
The computer's memory is primary storage and there are two important types of
memory:
• Random access memory (RAM)

• Read only memory (ROM)
The size of the memory is measured by the amount of data can st . Please refer to the
table on data measurement to terms.
Purpose of Storage devices
The main purpose of storage hardware is to store data. There are, however. different
reasons for choosing between the different storage devices.
Processing - A computers CPU is responsible for processing the tasks and the RAM is
used to store the instructions waiting to be processed by the CPU. The information is
stored permanently on the computer's internal storage (HDD or SDD) such as our
documents, pictures, videos, etc. When we want to watch a video, the files are read
from the HDD or SDD and loaded into the RAM to be processed by the CPU.
The internal storage device (I-DD or SDD) speed will determine how fast the files can
be loaded into RAM. Which in turn affects the speed of the computer. The faster the
internal storage, the faster the computer.
Portability - This refers to the ability to move a device around easily. Internal storage
devices are not meant to be removed from the computer, so they are not portable
devices. External storage devices are all portable and can be easily moved around
Many of us carry our flash memory sticks with us to College, and this is one of the best
portable storage devices around.
29
Backup - This refers to storing our data from our computers on another removable
device. We back up data in case of damage to our internal storage. Most organisations
back up their data daily at an off-site facility. This is done to protect the organisation
flow loss of data due to things like theft or fire. Magnetic storage is one of the best
devices for backing up an organisations data.
Storage vs Memory
We have learnt about storage (secondary storage) and memory (primary storage) below
we list some of the differences between the two.
Characteristics of a hard disk drive
A hard disk driver is a type of magnetic disk that is made that is made up of movable
parts. It consists of many circular disks which rotate. It also has an access arm that
reads/writes the data to the disk. These disks inside the speed of 5400 to 15000
revolutions per minute (rpm). The faster the speed, the better the drive.
Some typical characteristics of HDDs are:
 It provides large storage capacity.

 It is reliable data storage.
 It can be noisy because it has movable parts.
 It consumes a lot of power.
 Its performance depends on the speed of the rotation of the disks and how fast
it can reach the required place where the data is stored.
Advantages of solid-state drives
Solid state drives (SSD) are used for internal storage and do not have any movable
parts.
Some advantages of using SSDs are:
 They are faster than HDDs. between 25 to 100 times faster.

 They consume less power making them more energy efficient.
 They do not have movable parts, so they are more durable than HDDs, and
they are not noisy.
 They are more slim line and compact as compared to HDDs.
 Data cannot be lost from magnetic interference unlike HDDs. Never keep a
magnet close to an HDD.
 There are many advantages to using SSDs over HDDs. SSDs represent the
latest in technology and are used a lot in laptops.
5.1.6 Computer Performance

We all want computers that can help us perform our tasks easily and fast. But what
makes a computer fast?
30
Computing power depends on a combination of how fast the CPU can work and how
much data it can store in its primary memory (RAM). It I also influenced by how fast
can data be moved from the storage device to the computer’s memory.
System software and application software
As we stated earlier, software is also called programs. A program is a list of

instructions that a computer follows to perform a task. There are two important
categories of software. System software and Application software.
System Software
System Software is software that is intended for the computer. It controls and
maintains the operations of a computer and its devices. System Software is made up of
two categories, the Operating System, and Software Tools.
Operating systems:
This is the most important software that controls all the operations on a computer or
mobile device. Operating systems (OS) provide a GUI (Graphical User Interface) for
interaction between the user and the computer.
There are different types of Operating Systems created by different manufacturers.

Some examples are:
• Microsoft Windows, Linux and Apple Mac OS for PCs and laptops.
• Android and Apple iOS for mobile devices.
Application Software
Application software is software that is intended for the user. People have many
different uses for computers, so they can use different types of application software.
Software for different categories of computer
There are different types of software available to go with the different types of
computing devices
 Servers – Servers are meant to handle many processes from many different
devices that are usually based in different locations.
 PCs and Laptops – make use of the same software for both operating system
and applications
 Android devices – are mobile devices like Tablets. Software used in these
devices are usually the same
 Apple devices – are unique because they only work with operating system
Categories of software and apps

Copyright – is an exclusive right given to an author/programmer for their work
Categories of software
• Freeware e.g., Adobe, Skype, Gmail

• Shareware – e.g., WinZip, Adobe Acrobat Reader
31
• Proprietary – e.g., MS Office

• Open- source – e.g., Linux, Mozilla Firefox
5.1.7 Starting up and shutting down operating system
Operating system is a computer program that allows users to operate a computing

device hardware and software application software
Functions of an operating system
• Starting and shutting down a computer
• Provide Graphical user interface which enables the user to interact
with the computer to perform tasks
• Manage the computer’s hardware resources such as keyboard, mouse,
monitor etc
• Establishing an internet connection
• Provide file management and memory management
• Provide a platform for multiple application to run and update
automatically
Providing Graphical User Interface (GUI)

The operating system (OS) is the main software of the computer and the user interacts
with OS via the GUI. GUI uses windows, icons, images and pointing devices to issue
commands.
Desktop
It is the large space on the screen that resembles an office desk
Icons
Icons are small pictures that represent shortcuts to a file, folder, or software application
Recycle bin
It is found on the desktop and stores your recently deleted files
Task bar
Usually found at the area of the screen as a longer bar
Start button
To launch a program, click on the start button which is found on the bottom left-hand
side of the screen.
32
5.1.8 Types of operation system

As computer became modernised, there was a shift to produce operating systems that
could be used on different devices.
Users and user profile

Operating systems allow multiple people to use the same computing device by
implementing features such as users and user profiles.
Starting up, logging off and placing a computer in sleep mode
Starting up
• Signing in – when the computer is already switched on, the user the
user is prompted to enter a valid username and password at the login screen.
• Start – up – When the computer is switched off, then we switch it on
which starts the computer.
Logging off
It is the process of closing all the open applications and exiting user account session
Sleep mode
It is a power save mode that stops all open applications but does not close them which
allows the user to continue working after a short break.
5.1.9 Shutting down or restarting a computer
33
Shutting down a computer

Benefits of shutting down a computer
• It the correct way of switching off the computer.
• The operating system closes all programs and release the resources in
a safe manner
• Prevents data loss
• Extend lifespan of the computer
Restarting or rebooting a computer

Reasons for restarting a computer include
 After installing a new software update
 When a computer freezes or becomes unresponsive
There are two types of restarting a computer that is cold start and warm start
Refer to Activity 1.4 on page 38 of the prescribed textbook. Attempt this so

that we can have a discussion in your next lesson about it!
Before we progress to the following learning unit learning unit, make sure
you can understand and talk through the following concepts: Starting up and
shutting down an operating system
 Discuss the typical functions of the OS
 Discuss the concept of users and user profiles
 Describe the concept of logging off or placing a computer in sleep mode
 Describe the concept of restarting a computer using an appropriate routine
 Shut down or restart a computer
 Differentiate between different types of operating systems and their use
between different fonts of computing devices
 Describe how an operating system interacts with the hardware and other
applications.
REVISION QUESTIONS
1. In your oval words, explain what a computer is. (2)
2. Briefly explain the stages of the Information Processing cycle. (10)
3. From the different types of computers (Servers, Workstations, PCs, Laptops, Smartphones,
Embedded devices), indicate which is best suited to the scenarios below, and provide a
reason for your answer: (8)
a. You want to be able to complete assignments or other
electronic tasks at home.
b. A salesperson who often travels for work.
34
c. You want to track your fitness levels as you train at the gym.
4. A video editor for a large movie company needs a computer
5. Log in to your computer. Ask your lecturer for username and password
6. Change the date and time settings on your computer to 1 January 2021
7. Put your computer on sleep mode
8. Wake your computer up
Files and File organisation
Files
We use and share data on our computers or mobile devices daily.
File organisation
File organisation refers to the structure of a file and the way it is stored onto a storage
device
The Windows file system uses hierarchical structure to organise the files and folders
File explorer
Types of files
A file is created using a specific program and the type of program determines what
type of file it is as seen in the table below
35
Application file – This type of file is executable file that enables application to t=run
Data file – This type of file is the document that was created and saved by the user
when using software application
System file – This type of file contains detailed instructions for the CPU but they are
part of the operating system
36
Rules for naming files

The following are naming convention guidelines you should follow to name your files:
• The following special characters are not allowed in file names /?<>\:*”
• Spaces are allowed in files and folder’s names
• Give your files meaningful names
• Keep the names as short as possible
• The complete file path to the file must not exceed 260 characters
Drives, paths, file names and file extensions
37
Properties of files
Steps below explain how to access the properties window for a file
38
Windows Libraries
Modern day operating systems utilize libraries which is a centralized place for related
files
• Windows uses 6 default libraries
39
• Libraries contain files, folders stored on the computer

• You can add collection of files to existing libraries such as including
your music files in the music library
• You can also create a new library to your collections
• Libraries are designed to enable fast and full text searches across
multiple storage locations
Creating folders
Folders can be created from various applications and as well as File explorer
Opening files and folders

A storage device connected to the computer is listed as a drive by the operating system
Renaming files and folders
Copying files and folders
40
Files or folders may be copied or moved from one drive location to another or from one
folder to another. There are some important points to understand when using a copy
function:
• A copy is made of the original and the duplicate is saved at the
destination location
• When windows are copying the files from the original location to
destination location, it will check to see if there are files with the same name
already
Moving files
Moving a file or folder means that the file or folder is removed from the original
location and saved in the destination location.
Deleting files and folders
When you no longer need file/folder, you can delete it from the storage device
• Be very careful and make sure you are deleting the correct file/folder
• Always check the contents of the folder before you choose to delete it
to ensure that you do not need the folder.
• Always use the standard delete function when deleting files from the
computer hard drive.
• If you perform a permanent delete from a secondary storage device
such as memory stick, the file will be permanently deleted
Restoring files and folders

Should you decide you need files/ folder that you deleted previously, you can restore
them from the recycle bin
Changing the view of files and folders
Changing the view of files and folders
41
There are different ways to view display information. The view ta provides us with a
range of options to change the views as well as decide what kind of information we
want too view
Sorting Files and folders

The contents of the folder can be sorted according to specific criteria to present the
information that makes most sense to the user. To sort, command is found on the view
tab ribbon. See figure below
42
Windows 1 Commands
System Information
Display basic information of the computer, which can be accessed as follows
Taking screenshot
43
Taking a screenshot involves taking a picture of your computer screen. This is a

similar feature to taking a screen shot of your cell phone screen. You need to do this
whenever you are responding to a practical task question. The screenshot is your
evidence you have completed the task and needed to mark your work. After taking the
screenshot, you will paste it on Microsoft word.
File Printing from Explorer
you can understand and talk through the following concepts:
• Explain ICT
• Differentiate between different types of ICT.
44
• Discuss examples of computer usage and application as part of the

society.
• Discuss the concept and purpose of file organisation
• Discuss the concept of naming files and folders as well as naming
conventions
• Describe different types of files:
• Discuss concepts such as: Drive, path, filename, and file extension
• Discuss and explain the concepts of: File properties in relation to size
• Interpret the representation of a list files in the windows explorer
• Differentiate between the terms: copy, rename, delete, restore, move,
vies and sort files and files and folders.
• Perform basic file organisation operations.
• Select individual files and folders or collection of files and folders,
Sort files according to specific criteria, create a folder or a file, Move a folder
or a file, folder, or a file. Rename a folder or a file. Restore a folder or a file.
• Describe how an operating system interacts with the hardware and
other applications.
REVISION QUESTIONS
1. Describe the process of taking a screen shot

2. Create a folder and label its Computer Practice N4 on your desktop
then print screen
3. Inside the folder, create three subfolders and label them lecture 1,
lecture 2 and lecture 3 then print screen. Move lecture 2 and 3 folders to
lecture 1, then print screen.
4. Define and explain the importance of ICT in the workplace.
5. List three types of organisations that make use of ICT.
Before we progress to the following learning unit learning unit, make

sure you can understand and talk through the following concepts: Self-
Assessment
SELF ASSESSMENT SHOULD BE PROVIDED TO PDU FOR EACH UNIT

USING THE
SELF ASSESSMENT QUIZ TEMPLATE
Let us see what you have learned so far by taking this short self-assessment.
The Self-Assessment for this unit is embedded within your

NAME
COMPUTER PRACTICE N4 in myClass. Head on to the
quiz to see how
45
you have fared with this section of content!
Be sure to complete the self-assessment quiz before you move on to the next
section!
5.2 Week 2: MICROSOFT WORD & MICROSCOFT EXCEL

This week focuses on explaining how to use MS Word and the manipulation
Purpose
of text.
By the end of this week, you will be able to:
 Explain the purpose of word processing.

 List and describe different uses of word processing to represent
Learning information users.
 Spreadsheet application – MS Excel
Outcomes
 Spreadsheet concepts and applications
 Use basic features to create, edit and format a spreadsheet.
 Use formulae to perform basic calculations in a spreadsheet.
 Use basic features to create, edit and format a spreadsheet.
 Use formulae to perform basic calculations in a spreadsheet.
Prescribed Sasti. S, Sasti. D. (2021). Computer Practice.NorthCliff: Troupant Publishers.

Reading
The prescribed textbook covers this learning material on pages 9 – 29.
5.2.1 Purpose of word processing applications

• Word processing application enables you to create, edit, format, save,
share collaborate and print documents which certain information to be share
with other people.
• Most word processing programs allow us to insert pictures and other
objects to improve presentation and readability of the document.
Uses of word processing applications.
• Letters
• Memos
• Invoices etc.
The benefits of using a word processor
• Easy to use • Copying, pasting, and deleting text
within a document
• Formatting text • Creating and editing tables
46
• Provide templates to create professional • Automatically identify and correct

looking documents spellings
• Changing font and background colour • Inserting images
List of word processing applications
• Microsoft word
• Word perfect
• Pages for Mac
• Google Docs
List of office applications
• Office 365
• Microsoft office
• Office on the Web
Characteristics of a good word document
• The document should be well laid out.

• Headings should be readily recognized.
• Headers or footers should be used on each page, especially indicating
the page numbers.
• It should be free of grammatic and spelling errors.
• The use of tables, images, and artwork to represent information in an
exciting way.
5.2.2 Use basic features to create, edit and format a document

Function of keys
Key Function
Function Keys They range from F1-F12 and are used to perform a shortcut function
to a command. E.g., F1 key opens the help functions and F2 saves the
document
Esc Enables you to stop a function such as the selection of a block of text
Backspace and delete keys Removes text, characters, and inserted objects from the documents
Enter Press the ENTER key only when you want to end a paragraph or to
end a blank line
Tab space Leaves a tab space from the current cursor position or insertion point
Caps lock Turns the capital letter mode on and off

Shift Enables you to type the secondary character on that key
Alt and Ctrl Keys Enable you to use keyboard short cuts.
Space bar Used to leave a space between text
47
Use editing functions and shortcuts.
• Selecting text
• Copying and moving text
• Deleting text
• Using find and replace.
5.2.3 Applying basic formatting to a document

Text formatting
• Apply formatting to text as you type it of after you have

typed it.
• You must select the existing text before you can apply
formatting to it.
• You can turn most formatting features on and off by clicking
the appropriate button on the ribbon or the mini tool bar.
• When a feature is active, it appears in a different color from
the other button.
• After you have selected text, a mini tool bar will appear
above the selection.
48
Paragraph formatting
Aligning text
Paragraph indentation
49
Tab stops
Borders
Shading
50
5.2.4 Document formatting

Page margins
Page orientation
Page breaks and section breaks
51
Using proof reading features
Inserting page breaks
Line numbers
Revision questions
1. In this activity, you will create a blog

1.1 Create a New Blank Word Document
1.2 Save this document as CPN4_Your Name in the Documents folder
52
1.3 Close the word document

1.4 Open the word document again
1.5 Type the following text
This is Your Name Blog
Your Name Blog
Welcome to my Blog
It is a fact that you will be able to perform your tasks better if you have good computer skills. The
computer is one of the most important business tools today and will form a
large part of your day -to-day function. Poor computer skills show up quickly in an office
environment and will affect the way people view your performance. The truth is that it just affect the
does not way people view your performance, but also affects your actual
performance negatively.
Use inserts functions to create and edit document
Headers and footers
53
Inserting a table
Inserting pictures from file
Insert smart art
Insert Textbox
54
Insert symbols
Print documents.
55
Revision questions
1. Type the following document as it is

2. Use Times New Roman 12
3. Line spacing 1,5
4. Heading should in Capital letters and bold
Typing can be fun
Personally, I strongly encourage you to develop keyboard skills. The aim is to touch
type (type while reading and not looking on the keyboard) and to type at least 12 words
per minute. There are numerous typing exercises freely available on the internet. If you
can type well, you can work faster and more efficiently. There are numerous free
programmes available, such as Key Hero (www.keyhero.com<) where you can create
an account and track your progress. The subject Computer Practice N4, N5 and N6 are
included our range of National Qualifications in the courses National Diploma in
Human Resources Management, Business Management, Marketing Management and
Financial Management. You can study these courses via distance learning at IBTC.
This means you can work and study at the same time. You also have the benefit of
starting any time (no waiting for classes to begin) and you can progress at your own
time (you can go faster or slower, depending on how quickly you want to qualify).
With our unique Hand Holding methodology, we walk with you all the way to the
exam, where you are sure to pass first time.
56
5.2.5 Spreadsheet application – MS Excel
Spreadsheet processing concepts and applications
Purpose and example of spreadsheet processing applications
Spreadsheet Software are programs that are used to organize and analyze data
List of spreadsheet processing applications
Uses of spreadsheet processing applications
• Personal budget
• Shopping list
• Creating invoices and billing
• Business financial Budgets
• Managing payroll
Benefits of using spreadsheet application.
• Formula can be used for all types of numeric calculations.

• Predesigned professional templates can be used to easily create
professional planning documents.
• Built-in functions can be used to perform calculations correctly.
• Data is easily organized and edited.
• Data can be sorted and filtered.
• Information can be presented graphically using charts and graphs.
• The software is easy to use and user friendly.
Disadvantages
• The data is not always error free

• Some software are not secure so confidential data can be sometimes
accessed by unauthorized users.
• Creating a formula can sometimes be challenging
Characteristics of a good spreadsheet
• Text should be readable so make use of appropriate fonts and font

sizes
• Chats should be readable
• Headings should be clearly recognized so bold fonts should be used
57
• Correct spelling and gramma

• Should include headers and footers
• Minimize blank rows and columns
• Data should be concise Using features of Ms Excel
Opening the application
Using the interface
Excel components
58
Creating a new spreadsheet
Enter data in a spreadsheet
59
Revision questions
1. List 4 examples of Free spreadsheet software

2. Identify 4 personal reason s for you as a student to make use of
spreadsheet
3. List 2 disadvantages of using spreadsheet software
4. Describe 5 uses of spreadsheet software
• How to type and save a document
• Speed typing skills
• How to use a keyboard
• Page margins
• Headers and footers
• Page orientation
• Columns
• Purpose of spreadsheet
• How to use excel interface
• Creating a new spreadsheet
60
Self-Assessment
USING THE
The Self-Assessment for this unit is embedded within your

NAME
COMPUTER PRACTICE N4 in myClass. Head on to the
quiz to see how
you have fared with this section of content!
Be sure to complete the self-assessment quiz before you move on to the next
section!
5.2.6 Basic spreadsheet formatting
Saving spreadsheet
61
Closing spreadsheet
Exiting the application
Headers and footers
62
Printing and print preview
Manipulating cells, rows, and columns
63
Merging cells
Wrap text
Hiding/unhiding
64
5.2.7 Calculations using simple formula

MS enables you to work with numbers and perform calculations on these numbers in a
cell.
Creating a formula
You have to start a formula with the ‘=’ symbol followed by the mathematical
operation for your formula.
• Click on the cell to display the result of the calculation.
65
• Click in the formula bar

• Type your formula, and press the Enter key
• MS Excel will calculate and display the result
Order of precedence in MS Excel formulae
Excel uses order precedence to calculate formula when it contains many mathematical
operations:
• Evaluate items in parenthesis or brackets first

• Then exponents
• Then multiplication and division, and
• then addition and subtraction
Using auto-fill tool to repeat the formulae and increment data entries
Autofill can be used to increment data entries or to repeat a formula
Ms Excel built in functions

Follow the steps below to Access functions:
66
• Click on the Home Tab

• In the Editing group
• Click on the drop down button for Sum command button
• The dialogue box will appear with the list of functions
Copy and paste
67
Cell referencing
Every cell in a worksheet has a cell address which indicates the column label and row
number
There are two types of referencing in MS Excel
• Relative cell referencing

• Absolute cell referencing
68
Sorting data
Understand, interpret, and manage error indicators
Revision questions
1. Create the following spreadsheet

2. Use Times New Roman 12
3. Add November leads and December leads. Follow the given example
4. Save the spreadsheet
69
• Editing contents of a cell
• Opening an existing spreadsheet
• Closing a spreadsheet
• Manipulating cells, rows and columns
• Calculations using simple formula
Self-Assessment
USING THE
5.3 Week 3: Presentation application – MS PowerPoint

Purpose This week will introduce the concept of presentation

Learning
Outcomes  Spreadsheet application – MS Excel
 Purpose of using presentation software
 Basic features to create, edit and format a presentation
Prescribed Sasti. S, Sasti. D. (2021). Computer Practice. Northcliff: Troupant

Reading Publishers.
70
5.3.1 Purpose of using presentation software

Presentation software is a category of application software used to display information
in the form of a slide show. List of presentation applications
• Microsoft PowerPoint
• Google slides
• iWork keynote for Mac
• LibreOffice Impress
Uses of presentation software
• Sales Presentation
• Conference speaking
• HR training
• Education
5.3.2 Benefits of presentation software

• The software is easy to learn and use
• Certain software packages Like MS PowerPoint and google slides can
be used as collaboration tools
• There are various objects and items that can be included in a
slideshow, like text, images, animation, audio, and video files.
• It can be used to assist in various types of presentations
• Presentation can become more engaging and interactive for the
audience
• Handouts and Notes can also be created at the same time as the
slideshow, which can be handed out to the audience before presentation.
Characteristics of a good presentation
• Text should be readable, so make use of appropriate fonts and font

sizes. Font size should be between 16 and 48
• Use the same style or theme for all slides
• Avoid too much of text on a slide. Slides should be clear and concise
• Avoid overuse of animations as they can make a presentation look
unprofessional.
• Correct spelling and grammar
• Limit the number of slides used in a presentation
Creating a slide presentation using different layouts and themes
71
5.3.3 The user interface
Closing Presentation
72
5.3.4 Apply a design theme
Deleting a slide
Re arranging slides
73
Use basic features to format the slides
Insert a clip art or picture into the presentation
Spell check presentation
74
Headers and footers
5.3.5 Previewing and printing your slide show
75
Viewing a slideshow
Revision questions
1. Create a presentation with the information below
2. Use Times New Roman 29 3. Headings

should be in bold.
4. Insert pictures.
5. Marks will be awarded for creativity.
What is the best PowerPoint presentation software? heading
The best presentation software subheading
Google Slides for collaborating on presentations.

Visme for built-in assets to create presentations.
Ludus for creative presentations.
Flow-Vella for exhibits and displays.
Slide-bean for AI-powered presentations.
76
Keynote for beautiful templates.
• Inserting pictures into the presentation
• Modify slideshow content
• Design a presentation for a specific content matter
• Select and apply animation and transition effects
• Insert headers and footers
Self-Assessment
USING THE
5.4 Week 4: Networking and communication skills.

Purpose This week will introduce the concept of networking and communication skills
By the end of this week, you will be able to understand:
 Hardware components that constitute a network.

 Hardware components that constitute a network
Learning  Describe the basic components and hardware required for network
Outcomes communications.
 Differentiate between the use, purpose, and operation of different
types of networking hardware.
 Describe how a small of network or home office network could be
installed and with an internet connection.
77

Reading Publishers.
5.4.1 Networking and communication skills

NETWORK is a collection of computing devices such as computers, smartphones,
printers, routers and hard drives that are connected together to enable the sharing of
resources and data, over communication media such as mobile networks or telephone
cables,
A computer network is a collection of two or more computer systems and other

computer networking hardware devices that are linked together via communication
media with the purpose to communicate electronically and share resources such as
printers between different users.
There are two types of network architecture or design: Client/ server network and
peerto-peer network.
• Client-server network is a server which is usually a very powerful

computer is used to manage the networks data files and resource sharing.
• P2P network has no specialised servers. Instead, each computer
alternates between taking the role of client and server. P2P networks are easy
to se up, but hard to maintain because each device needs to be constantly
operational.
Computer networks can also be further classified into four networks.
• Personal Area Network (PAN)

• Metropolitan area network (MAN)
• Local area network (LAN)
• Wide area network (WAN)
Basic components and hardware required for network communication.
• Server
• Network client device
• Network interface card
• Network hardware devices
• Communication media
• Network software
5.4.2 Network hardware and its uses

Use, purpose and operation of different types of networking hardware.
78
We will look at the following networking hardware components in detail:
• Route
Purpose – to filter and forward data packets from one network segment to another.
Use – Switch, firewall and modem.
Operation – routers use network addressing table to determine the best path for
forwarding the data packets.
• Switch Hub
Purpose – Switch ang hub have similar roles, in that they are both used as a common
point to connect devices together to form a network.
• Modem
• Wireless access point
Communication media
For electronic devices like computers, cell phones etc to communicate with each other,
they must be connected to each other. This connection cab be wired or wireless.
Wired networks A wired network is a network where different devices are connected to
each other via physical cables. The main types of cables are twisted pair or fibre optic
cables.
A wireless network is a network where different devices are connected to each other
without physical cables. This network uses infrared signals or radio frequency waves
to transmit data between devices.
5.4.3 5G Technology
5G is designed to do a variety of things that will transform our lives such as faster
download speeds, improved signal performance, more bandwidth capacity to connect
to billions of devices, enable new services such as Internet of things and artificial
intelligence.
Advantages and disadvantages of wired and wireless networks
Wired Networks Wireless networks
Devices are connected via physical cables Devices are connected wirelessly through signals like
infrared and radio waves
The network is more reliable because there are Network can be less reliable as you cannot control the
physical connections devices like satellites or cellular towers
The speed of data transfer is very high The speed of data transfer is lower than the wired
79
networks but has improve significantly with the

advances in technology
Data transfer is very secure, but firewalls are Data transfer can be less secure unless you have
usually required when connecting to the internet firewall installed
There is usually no interference with data There might be data interference in data transfer if
transfer signals are blocked
Cost to set up a network depends on the type of The cost to connect to a wireless network is relatively
cables used cheap
5.4.4 Creating a small office network or home office network

Procedure for setting up a home area network.
1. Determine the requirements.

2. Plan the design of the network.
3. Install and configure the network infrastructure.
4. Connect the device to the network.
5. Implement and test the network.
Revision questions
1. List 5 common speeds of cellular networks

2. What are ports used for on a switch.
3. How many LAN ports do broadband routers generally have?
4. List two advantages and two disadvantages of wireless networks.
• Networking hardware
• Network hardware and their uses
• Communication media
• Creating a small office network or home office network
Self-Assessment
USING THE
Let us see what you have learned so far by taking this short self-assessment
80
5.5 Week 5: Data, Information management, computational

thinking.
This week will introduce the concept of information management and
Purpose
computational thinking
 Hardware components that constitute.

 Using computational thinking skills to develop a computerbased
Learning
solution.
Outcomes  Finding, accessing, and processing data and information and
presenting a solution
 Online collaboration tools and services
 Blogging principles
Sasti. S, Sasti. D. (2021). Computer Practice. Northcliff: Troupant

Prescribed
Publishers.
Reading
5.5.1 Information management, computational thinking,

collaboration, and blogging
Computational Thinking
It is a very important problem-solving skill that is needed in the 21st century.
Computational thinking is the prerequisite skill for understanding the technologies of the future.
The ability to effectively use computers to solve problems is part of computational thinking. There
are 4 main components/ steps.
• Decomposition
• Pattern recognition
• Abstraction
• Algorithms
• Evaluate
5.5.2 Applying computational thinking to a problem

Complex problems can be described as
• Problems that are difficult to solve

• They are usually new problems or not common to you.
• Problems that have high risk element to it.
Finding, accessing, and processing data and information and presenting a solution
• Data analysis is a big of the 4th Industrial revolution also known 4IR.
81
• Data analysis and big data has transformed the way we live our lives.
• When you use the internet to compare products and prices on websites
such as Price check, you are using data analysis.
• Data analysis can be presented with the data information knowledge
wisdom hierarchy model.
• The DIKW hierarchy is a popular model used to stimulate real world
data analysis.
Analyse a given problem.

We will apply the following steps to solving the problem:
1. Define the question.

2. Identify sources of the information.
3. Develop instruments to gather information and resources.
4. Analyse the gathered information.
5. Present the information in a meaningful way.
6.
5.5.3 Online collaboration tools and services:

Introduction to online collaboration
Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services and resources over the Internet.
This is usually done for a fee but simple options available for free.
The purpose of online collaboration tools
Online collaboration tools allow:
• Two or more people to work together to accomplish a task or goal

using webbased technologies.
• People to work as teams sharing information and making suggestions
towards achieving the goals set out.
• Teams to work off the same documents, e.g. one team member can
create a word document and share with the team.
Benefits of online collaboration.
• Saves time.
• Better project management. • Better communication
• Saves cost.
• Meetings organised easily.
5.5.4 Different types of collaboration tools and their purpose

Communication is just one of the many collaboration tools in use today. Table below
lists some of the popular collaboration tools and their purpose.
82
Calendar Sharing Calendars Document synchronising

are shared across the team making it This tool allows the latest version of a document to be
easier to identify when people are free available at all times. With many people working on the
so that meetings can be scheduled. same document, it can keep track of the changes as well
as which is the latest version of the document.
File sharing Instant Messaging
These tools allow different kinds of This communication service allows the sending and
files to be shared easily, instead of receiving of text, voice, video messages in real time.
sending them as emails.
These tools allow for meetings to take White boards
place via video calls, with
many people across different locations This is an electronic version of a white board where
people can take turns to communicate or text or
drawing on the white board when working as a team.
Permission levels when collaborating

There are different kinds of members on a team. Some are managers, some are
workers, and some are supervisors. In the same way, when collaborating, the teams
have different permission levels. Some common permission levels are:
• Owner – this is usually the manager on the project with the highest
level of access and can add team members or viewers.
• Team member / collaborator – These are people that work on the
project. They add or edit content and leave comments.
• Viewer – these are people that only have the right to view the content,
they cannot make changes. Some collaborations software allows viewers to
make comments as well.
Create an online collaboration account.
Creating a google account.
Sharing files using google
One you open a google account, you can make use of google drive.
5.5.5 Creating a Microsoft OneDrive Account

The process of setting up the account is like that of google.
83
Blogging
An online journal for posting thoughts and ideas on an individual subject and allowing
others to comment on the post.
Purpose and use of blogs.
• Connect with a target audience.

• Attract consumers to your business.
• It improves the SEO (Search Engine Optimisation)
• Give your views on the topic.
• Boost traffic on your website
• Earn money.
Various components of a blog
• Header
• Main content area
• Side content area
• Footer
5.5.6 The difference between websites and blogs

Website Blog
Websites are usually static, which mean that the Blogs are updated regularly as bloggers add new
information posted does not change often information
Visitors do not get to leave comments, instead Visitors can leave comments as well as read
they can fill out online forms that are send to the the3 comments that others have posted on the
website owners blog
Websites do not display creation dates that Blog posts usually reflect the date of the post,
update author and content title
Websites are usually for displaying information Bloggers sometimes have sponsors, so they can
about an organisation offer prizes or gifts for their visitors.
Categories of blogs
• Persona
• News
• Company related.
• Microblogs
• Educational
Examples of different blogging tools and services

To create a blog, you need to:
• Create a domain name of the blog.

• Choose a blogging platform.
• Choose a hosting service.
84
Advantages and disadvantages of using blogs.

Advantages Disadvantages
Very quick and easy to set up a blog Blogs can be time consuming to write new
content or reply comments
You can write on any topic that interest you Personal blogs can be biased as they represent
the views of one person
You can add new posts easily No one might read your posts
People can leave comments on your post People may leave inappropriate comments
You can get influence as your blog becomes Poorly written content can give you bad
more popular and help or inspire others. reputation
5.5.7 Creating blogs

• Choose a blogging platform.
• Create, setup or use a profile.
• Design and start a blog.
• Add posts or pages to a blog.
5.5.8 Creating a post

• Title
• Body
• Date published.
• Location
• Comments
Revision questions
1. Explain the importance of data gathering techniques.

2. List 2 types of software’s you can use to analyse your data.
3. Which software would you use to present the solutions?
4. List 2 reasons for you as a student to use collaboration tools.
5. Share a document with a friend using google drive.
• Apply computational thinking skills towards the development of a
computer-based solution.
• Find and access Data and information, process data and information,
present solution.
• Online collaboration tools and services
• Blogging principles
Self-Assessment
85

USING THE
5.6 Week 6: The internet and the World Wide Web

Purpose This week will introduce the concept of formatting and editing a document.
Learning  The internet and the World Wide Web

Outcomes  Introduction to the internet
 Overview of the WWW
 Obtaining information and using the WWW
Sasti. S, Sasti. D. (2021). Computer Practice. Northcliff: Troupant

Prescribed
Publishers.
Reading
5.6.1 Internet and Communication skills:

• Introduction to the internet
• Overview of the WWW
• Obtaining information and using the WWW
5.6.2 Purpose of the internet

A global system of interlinked computers and networks. The Internet connects billions
of computers and computer networks together and is the backbone on which data is
transferred across the world.
Internet enabling technologies.
An ISP (Internet Service Provider) is a company that allows you access to the internet,
either free or for a fee.
5.6.3 IP Addresses
This is a unique ID that can identify the device from other devices on a network.
86
Components required to connect to the internet.
• Computing device
• Network components
• Data contract with an ISP
Online services
Online tasks refer to tasks that are completed with the aid of the internet.
• Banking
• Shopping
• Reservations and bookings
5.6.4 The World Wide Web:
The WWW or web for short, is a virtual network that consists of websites and
webpages connected across the world.
The difference between the WWW and the Internet
• Internet is a global network that allows people to connect to others as

well as digital devices. Internet is a backbone for many services.
• WWW is an interface that runs on the internet itself.
Web address
Features and components of a typical web address.
• Internet protocol
• Host name
• Domain name
• File path
• Webpage
5.6.5 Information tools on the Web

We use web to communicate and it provides entertainment. It uses many useful tools
that assist us with finding information, improving our knowledge, and solving certain
problems.
Tools assisting when using the Web.
• Web browser
• Search engine
• Online tools
• Network tools
Different types of websites
87
• Portal
• news
• Informational
• Business etc
• Weblog etc
Advantages and disadvantages of the web
Advantages Disadvantages
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5.6.6 Obtaining information and using the WWW

Browsing the web
• A web browser is application software installed on your PC or phone.

• It allows you to view webpages on the internet.
• The web browse accesses the webpages from a web server.
• For you to view webpages, you must be connected to the internet.
Examples of web browsers
• Microsoft edge
• Google chrome
• Mozilla Firefox
• Opera Mini
• Safari
Describe how a website is accessed and information obtained.
5.6.7 Search engine

It is a website service that allows internet users to search for content on the WWW.
How a search engine works
• It allows you to type out a search string.

• Then the search engine works by sending web crawlers, also called
spiders to hundreds of billions of webpages.
• The spiders follow the links to websites and store the content in the
search engine index.
• The results are then displayed in the search engine results page, based
on the search string.
Difference between browsing and searching.
90
Browsing Searching
This is done by typing the address of a particular This is done using a search engine.
website that you wish to visit
Browsing is usually casually looking through Searching is done with a specific goal in mind
websites
You physically type out web addresses and visit The search engine produces results of
different websites websites/webpages that you can visit to get your
information.
5.6.8 Social Media

Social media is a means of communication between people, using internet or the web.
For example
• Facebook
• Twitter
• Skype
• WhatsApp
• YouTube
Revision questions
1. What techniques can you use to improve your search results?

2. Differentiate between the internet and Web.
3. List 3 uses of internet.
4. List and briefly discuss 3types of websites.
5. What is the difference between webpage and website?
Before we progress to the following learning unit learning unit, make sure you
can understand and talk through the following concepts:
• Introduction to the Internet

• Overview of the WWW
• Obtaining and using the WWW
Self-Assessment
USING THE
91
5.7 Week 7: Digital Citizenship

Purpose This week will introduce the concept of digital citizenship
 Legal and social implications of ICT.

 Legal issues relating to the use of ICT.
Learning
Outcomes

Reading Publishers.
5.7.1 Legal and social implications of ICT

Intellectual property, software piracy and licensing
Intellectual property – the ownership over some content that is proven by the law.
Categories of intellectual property
• Copyright
• Patent
92
• Trademark
• Trade secrets
5.7.2 Software piracy

Piracy is a term used to define an illegal activity like unauthorised person copying of
another person’s work.
Software piracy falls under this category and is explained as:
• The illegal copying of Proprietary software or software that has a copyright. •

The unauthorised downloading of copyright software
• Illegally distributing or selling copyright software.
Licensing
Intellectual property is protected by laws, but there are certain times when these
properties can be shared. This is referred to as IP Licensing.
• Ip licensing allows people or organisation to charge a fee for the use of their
work.
• An IP license agreement/contract must be drawn up to legalise the process.
5.7.3 ICT and ethics

This is a code of ethics that you are supposed to follow when using digital content.
You have a moral responsibility to recognise that certain work belongs to other
individuals or organisations and you cannot pass it off as your own. This is also
referred to as plagiarism.
Information accuracy
Information accuracy is ensuring that the content is factually correct.
How to verify information on the internet
• Does the website a security certificate?

• Is the website you are visiting reliable and trustworthy?
• For research assignments, are you making use of academic site like google
scholar?
• Check who is reporting the information and verify that they are reliable
sources.
• Always check other sources to verify that the news is true and not fake news.

5.7.4 Cybercrimes:
Computers, the Internet, and technology make it easier for criminals to commit
computer related crimes or cybercrimes.
These could be:
• Hardware related.
93
• Software related.
• Identity theft • Information theft.
• Bandwidth theft
• Theft of time and services
5.8 Week 8: Digital Citizenship

Purpose This week will introduce the concept of digital citizenship
Learning  Legal and social implications of ICT.

Outcomes  ICT’s and healthy related issues
 Ergonomic issues
 Responsible use of computers.

Reading Publishers.
5.9 ICT and health:

Almost every area of healthcare uses ICT.
These include:
• Doctors and hospitals store patient records on a computer.

• Computers are used to monitor patients in hospital.
• Medical staff around the world can collaborate using ICT.
• Treatment and check-ups can be done online.
94
• New advances in the medical field allows the use technology to create artificial
organs to be transplanted into humans.
5.9.1 Positive and negative impact of ICT ON A USER’S health

Positive Negative impact
ICT can connect people in rural areas to doctors Prolonged use of computers can lead to strain on
online where they can be assessed and the hands neck and back.
diagnosed
People can make use of medical websites to get People become less physical socially beings
more information about their existing health because of ICT leading to people becoming
problems and get second opinion anti-social.
Healthcare professional can communicate with The use of headphones can lead to hearing loss
experts around the world in some people
ICT helps with the development of new The eyesight can be affected
treatment methods as well as medication
ICT tools make it easier to detect illness or People can suffer from technology
health problems addiction
Using ICT is a way of distress and escaping the The wireless signals around us could be harmful
hustle and bustle of the real world. to our health especially if its near individuals
Precautionary measures to limit the potential negative impact of ICT.
• Take frequency breaks if you work with computers more often.

• Ensure that you are comfortable when you use your device.
• Read the instructions that go with the headphones.
• Consider using computer glasses if you are encountering eyesight problems.
• Make use of hands-free kit when making calls.
• Switch off Wi-Fi when not in use.
5.9.2 Ergonomic issues

It is the study of people’s physical comfort, safety, and efficiency in their workplace.
Importance of ergonomic considerations relating to the use of ICT.
• Correct seating posture • Height adjustable posture

• Avoid eye strain.
Responsible use of computers
5.9.3 Positive impact of ICT

• It helps to create new technologies and materials that do not harm the
environment.
95
• We can monitor and study the environment easily and understand our
impact.
• It allows for collaboration between scientists from around the world in
a virtual lab that allow them to create better and smarter solutions.
• There is less demand for paper due to the paperless communication,
thereby reducing the number of trees cut down.
Negative impact of ICT
• Pollution is increased by manufacturing these products.

• E-waste is created when these goods are no longer usable.
• Individuals leaving computers switched on when they are not in use
leading to the wastage of electricity.
• People making unnecessary print outs instead of using soft copies.
5.9.4 How can an individual user make a difference?

• Switch off the computer when not in use.
• If you must print, do so in ana economic way.
• Dispose of electronic equipment responsibly by recycling.
• Purchase new or second-hand equipment that has been responsibly
manufactured.
5.9.5 How can the organisation make a difference?

• Old computers should be donated or recycled instead of thrown out.
• Computers and aircons should be switched off when not in use.
• Organisations should make use of devices that rare highly efficient but
also low on power usage.
Revision questions
1. List 3 example of Anti-Virus

2. Explain who/what a hacker is.
3. List 3 ways in which you can use to prevent theft of computers from your computer lab at
your college.
4. Use the internet to explain Carpal Tunnel Syndrome’.
5. Identify 3 ergonomic ICT tools.
6. Explain the term e-waste.
• Legal issues relating to the ICT.
• ICT and healthy related issues
• Ergonomic issues
• Responsible use of computers
96
Self-Assessment
USING THE
6 References
Brevis, T & Vrba, M. 2014. Contemporary Management Principles. 9th edition, Cape Town: Juta
Cronje, G. de J. Du Toit, G.S. & Motlatla, M. 2009. Introduction to Business Management. 6th
edition, Cape Town: Oxford University Press.
Dick, P & Ellis, S. 2006. Introduction to Organisational Behaviour, 3rd edition, London: McGraw
Hill.
Dollinger, M.J. 1995. Entrepreneurship: Strategies & Resources. 3rd edition, Illinois: Irwin &
Austen Press.
Drucker, PF. 1954. The Practice of Management. 1st edition, New York: Harper & Row.
Du Toit, GS, Erasmus, BJ, & Strydom, JW. 2013. Introduction to Business Management. 9th edition,
Cape Town: Oxford Publishers.
Erasmus, B. Strydom, J. & Kloppers SR. 2016. Introduction to Business Management. 10th edition,
Cape Town: Oxford University Press
Havenga, PH. Hurter, e. Schulze, h. kelbrick, r. Manamela T. Manamela, E. & Stoop, P. 2009.
General Principles of Commercial Law. 7th edition, Cape Town: Juta Publishers.
Kapoor, JR. & Hughes, RJ. 2012. Business Management. 5th edition; Boston: Houghton Mifflin
Company.
Louw, L. & Venter, P. 2013. Strategic Management: Developing Sustainability in Southern Africa.
3rd edition, Cape Town: Oxford Publishers.
Nieman, G. & Bennet, A. 2011. Business Management. 2nd edition, Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers.
Peters, T. & Waterman, R. 1982. In search of excellence. New York: Harper and Row.
Porter, E. M. 1998. Competitive Advantage. New York: Harvard Business School.
97

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COMPUTER PRACTICE N4 CENTRAL TECHNICAL COLLEGE©

NATIONAL N DIPLOMA IN HUMAN RESOURCE

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5.2.7 Calculations using simple formula................................................................................66

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Working examples of concepts and practices

A live chat with your Online Academic Tutor

Topic to be explored in the weekly discussion forum

Learning activity centered on building a module glossary

Assignments to be completed with peers

Instructions on how to receive academic support and guidance

Assignments to be completed individually

Learning content in myClass as per the units below

Important information regarding your module like outcomes, credits,

A welcome to the module in myClass to introduce you to the module and

Learning outcomes you will meet at the end of a section or module

A poll, feedback form or survey to complete

Indicates an activity for you to practice what you’ve learnt

Virtual Class links available via myClass

A thought, quote or important statement from a thought leader in the

Prescribed reading material and module textbooks

Questions and activities that will support your module revision

Weekly quizzes to complete to self-measure if you have a complete

Shout Out | Example

Examples and highlights to contextualise the learning material, critical

Indicates sections of learning material in myClass

A question, problem or example posed to you for deeper thinking,

Additional videos, video tutorials, desktop capture/screen recording and

3 Introduction to the Module

3.1 Module Information

Module Title Computer Practice N4

3.2 Module Purpose

 At the end of this module, you should be able to:

 Understand spreadsheet application.

ENTRANCE TO SUMMATIVE EXAMINTION REQUIREMENTS:

80% ATTENDANCE RATE AND MINIMUM TERM MARK OF 40%

The marks are derived as follows for this module:

National Test 30%

National DP Examination 50%

3.5 Planning Your Studies / Resources Required for this Module:

What equipment will I need?  Access to a personal computer and internet.

4.2 Recommended Articles

4.3 Recommended Multimedia

Weeks WEEKLY TOPICS FOR THE SEMESTER

5 Data information management, computational thinking Continued

6 Internet and communication systems

Prescribed Learning Activities and Engagements:

Video Content At least ONE video resource to be in each subsection of content.

5.1 Week 1: Introduction to ICT concepts, digital world, and

Introduction to the concepts of ICI's, the digital citizenship