Lecture 2 - Web Technologies

DIT 0405:
WEB
DEVELOPMENT I
CLIENT SIDE VS SERVER
SIDE TECHNOLOGIES
SCRIPT - A script is a set of instructions. For Web pages they
are instructions either to the Web browser (client-side
scripting) or to the server (server-side scripting).
CLIENT-SIDE SCRIPTING - The client is the system on which

the Web browser is running. JavaScript is the main client-
side scripting language for the Web. Client-side scripts are
interpreted by the browser.
The process with client-side scripting is:
• the user requests a Web page from the server
• the server finds the page and sends it to the user
• the page is displayed on the browser with any scripts
running during or after display
So client-side scripting is used to make Web pages
change after they arrive at the browser.
It is useful for making pages a bit more interesting and

user-friendly. It can also provide useful gadgets such
as calculators, clocks etc. but on the whole is used for
appearance and interaction.
Client-side scripts rely on the user's computer. If that

computer is slow they may run slowly. They may not
run at all if the browser does not understand the
scripting language. As they have to run on the user's
system the code which makes up the script is there in
the HTML for the user to look at (and copy or change).
Examples of Client-Side
Scripting Languages
• JavaScript
• ActionScript
• Dart
• VBScript
• Typescript
SERVER-SIDE SCRIPTING - The server is where the Web page
and other content lives. The server sends pages to the
user/client on request.
The process is:
• the user requests a Web page from the server
• the script in the page is interpreted by the server
creating or changing the page content to suit the user
and the occasion and/or passing data around
• the page in its final form is sent to the user and then
cannot be changed using server-side scripting
The use of HTML forms or clever links allow data to be sent
to the server and processed. The results may come back as
a second Web page.
Server-side scripting tends to be used for allowing users to
have individual accounts and providing data from
databases. It allows a level of privacy, personalization and
provision of information that is very powerful. E-commerce,
MMORPGs and social networking sites all rely heavily on
server-side scripting.
PHP and ASP.net are the two main technologies for
server-side scripting.
The script is interpreted by the server meaning that it

will always work the same way.
Server-side scripts are never seen by the user (so they

can't copy your code).
They run on the server and generate results which are

sent to the user.
Running all these scripts puts a lot of load onto a

server but none on the user's system.
THE COMBINATION
A site such as Google, Amazon or Facebook will use
both types of scripting:
• server-side handles logging in, personal information
and preferences and provides the specific data
which the user wants (and allows new data to be
stored)
• client-side makes the page interactive, displaying
or sorting data in different ways if the user asks for
that by clicking on elements with event triggers
AJAX
AJAX – Asynchronous JavaScript + XML
AJAX doesn't really exist except as a label for client-side and

server-side being used together on Linux servers.
It allows JavaScript to send and receive data from Apache Web
servers by interacting with server-side script pages.
A classic example of this is the auto-complete feature on
Google. If you start to type anything into the search box the
page suggests possible choices of searches to save you typing
the whole thing. The process is actually:
• typing a letter triggers a JavaScript function
• the JavaScript function asks the browser for a new page from
the Google server (the request for the page requested from
the server will include the letter typed)
• the server-side script on the requested page sees the letter
which has been typed and creates a page of text which
includes some possible matches
• the new page is sent back to the browser which passes it to
the JavaScript function
• the JavaScript function extracts the data from the page and
displays it below the search box
That whole process repeats every time you type or
delete a letter. Data is flowing to and fro and being
displayed. If you click on any of the displayed
matches then JavaScript will send a more traditional
page request to the server through the browser.
When this page is sent to the browser it is displayed as

a new Web page with the results of the Google
search.
AJAX allows Web pages to act like normal

applications on your own PC. The pages can change
appearance, fetch and send new data and interact
with other users and pages.
CLIENT-SERVER
ARCHITECTURE OF A
WEB APP
WEB DEVELOPMENT
USAGE
Website and web applications are used in almost any
industry today:
• Transport
• Banking
• Education
• Health
• Insurance
• E-Commerce
WEB DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS
Web application
development is the
process and
practice of
developing web
applications

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DIT 0405:

CLIENT-SIDE SCRIPTING - The client is the system on which

It is useful for making pages a bit more interesting and

Client-side scripts rely on the user's computer. If that

The script is interpreted by the server meaning that it

Server-side scripts are never seen by the user (so they

They run on the server and generate results which are

Running all these scripts puts a lot of load onto a

AJAX doesn't really exist except as a label for client-side and

When this page is sent to the browser it is displayed as

AJAX allows Web pages to act like normal

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