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    Art of Problem Solving

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    eleslus
    problemas del teorema del binomio

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    Art of Problem Solving

    Uploaded by

    eleslus
    24 views3 pages
    problemas del teorema del binomio

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    problemas del teorema del binomio

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    24 views3 pages

    Art of Problem Solving

    Uploaded by

    eleslus
    problemas del teorema del binomio

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    2/6/2021 Art of Problem Solving

    Binomial Theorem
    The Binomial Theorem states that for real or complex , , and non-negative integer ,

    where is a binomial coefficient. In other words, the coefficients when is expanded and like

    terms are collected are the same as the entries in the th row of Pascal's Triangle.

    For example, , with coefficients , ,

    , etc.

    Contents
    1 Proof
    1.1 Proof via Induction
    2 Generalizations
    2.1 Proof
    3 Usage
    4 See also

    Proof
    There are a number of different ways to prove the Binomial Theorem, for example by a straightforward application of mathematical
    induction. The Binomial Theorem also has a nice combinatorial proof:

    We can write . Repeatedly using the distributive property, we see

    that for a term , we must choose of the terms to contribute an to the term, and then each of the other
    terms of the product must contribute a . Thus, the coefficient of is the number of ways to choose objects from a set of

    size , or . Extending this to all possible values of from to , we see that ,

    as claimed.

    Similarly, the coefficients of will be the entries of the row of Pascal's Triangle. This is explained further in the Counting
    and Probability textbook [AoPS].

    Proof via Induction

    Given the constants are all natural numbers, it's clear to see that . Assuming that

    https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/Binomial_Theorem 1/3
    2/6/2021 Art of Problem Solving

    Therefore, if the theorem holds under , it must be valid.


    (Note that for )

    Generalizations
    The Binomial Theorem was generalized by Isaac Newton, who used an infinite series to allow for complex exponents: For any real or
    complex , , and ,

    Proof

    Consider the function for constants . It is easy to see that

    . Then, we have .

    So, the Taylor series for centered at is

    Usage
    Many factorizations involve complicated polynomials with binomial coefficients. For example, if a contest problem involved the
    polynomial , one could factor it as such:
    . It is a good idea to be familiar with binomial expansions, including knowing
    the first few binomial coefficients.

    https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/Binomial_Theorem 2/3
    2/6/2021 Art of Problem Solving

    See also
    Combinatorics
    Multinomial Theorem

    Retrieved from "https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=Binomial_Theorem&oldid=127620"

    Copyright © 2021 Art of Problem Solving

    https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/Binomial_Theorem 3/3

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