Sure, here are some questions and answers based on the information you provided:

1. Q: What is the Bombay blood group? A: The Bombay blood group, also
known as phenotype Oh, is a rare blood group discovered in 1952 by
Bhende, Bhatia, and Deshpande. These individuals lack the H gene and
therefore cannot convert the basic precursor substance into H substance,
resulting in failure to form A or B antigen.
2. Q: How is the Bombay blood group detected? A: When a blood sample
from an individual with the Bombay blood group is tested for routine ABO
grouping, they will be labeled as blood group O. However, their serum
contains anti-A, anti-B, and anti-H antibodies. These individuals should
only be transfused with Bombay blood group.
3. Q: What is ABO grouping? A: ABO grouping is a technique used to detect
antigens on red blood cells (forward or cell typing) and antibodies in serum
or plasma (reverse or serum typing). It is performed by making a 2% saline
suspension of red cells and adding anti-A, anti-B, and anti-AB sera.
4. Q: What are the different methods of ABO grouping? A: The different
methods of ABO grouping include slide or tile technique, tube technique,
microplate method, microtyping system, and automated or semi-automated
method.
5. Q: How is the slide or tile technique performed? A: In the slide or tile
technique, a slide or white tile is marked with anti-A, anti-B, and anti-AB.
One drop each of anti-A, anti-B, and anti-AB sera is added to the marked
slide. One drop of washed 2% red cell suspension is added to each
antiserum. The mixture is mixed separately with clean applicator sticks and
spread over an area of 2 cm. The slide is rocked gently and agglutination is
observed within 5 minutes.
6. Q: How is the blood group interpreted using the slide or tile technique?
A: Blood group A, B, AB or O is interpreted depending on the agglutination
in the antisera.
7. Q: What are positive and negative controls in ABO grouping? A:
Positive control is run by performing the techniques using cells of known
groups A, B, AB and O to test the potency of antisera. Negative control is
run by adding saline instead of antisera to test for autoagglutination or
pseudoagglutination.
8. Q: What are subgroups A1 and A2? A: Group A has two subgroups
namely A1 and A2 which can be differentiated by using anti-A1 lectin.
9. Q: How can presence of H substance be detected? A: Presence of H
substance can be detected by using anti-H.
10. Q: What is Rh blood group system? A: Rh blood group system is the
second system of clinical significance in transfusion medicine. It consists of
antigens labeled as D, d, C, c, E and e. The D antigen is highly
immunogenic while Cc and Ee antigens are weak antigens.
 11. Q: What are Rh positive and Rh negative individuals? A: Individuals
who have D antigen on their red cell surface are Rh positive while those
who lack D antigens are called Rh negative.
12. Q: Are there naturally occurring antibodies against Rh antigens? A:
No, there are no naturally occurring antibodies against Rh antigens in Rh
negative individuals.
13. Q: How do Rh antibodies develop? A: Rh antibodies develop after
exposure to Rh antigens following transfusion (Rh positive blood given to
Rh negative patients). They can be detected by antiglobulin test (Coombs
test).
14. Q: What are the clinical significance of Rh incompatibility? A: Rh
incompatibility between donor and recipient results in hemolytic transfusion
reactions while Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus results in
hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).
15. Q: What are the different methods of Rh (D) typing techniques? A: The
different methods available for Rh (D) typing techniques include slide or tile
technique, tube technique, microplate method, microtyping system and
automated or semi-automated method.

Sure, here are some multiple choice questions based on the information you
provided:

1. Q: When was the Bombay blood group discovered? A: a) 1950 b) 1952

c) 1954 d) 1956 Answer: b) 1952
2. Q: Who discovered the Bombay blood group? A: a) Bhende, Bhatia and
Deshpande b) Bhende, Bhatia and Gupta c) Bhende, Gupta and Deshpande
d) Gupta, Bhatia and Deshpande Answer: a) Bhende, Bhatia and
Deshpande
3. Q: What is the basic precursor substance that individuals with the
Bombay blood group cannot convert? A: a) A substance b) B substance c)
H substance d) O substance Answer: c) H substance
4. Q: What antigens do individuals with the Bombay blood group fail to
form? A: a) A antigen b) B antigen c) A and B antigens d) H antigen
Answer: c) A and B antigens
5. Q: What blood group are individuals with the Bombay blood group
labeled as when tested for routine ABO grouping? A: a) A b) B c) AB d)
O Answer: d) O
6. Q: What antibodies does the serum of individuals with the Bombay
blood group contain? A: a) anti-A and anti-B antibodies b) anti-A, anti-B
 and anti-H antibodies c) anti-A and anti-H antibodies d) anti-B and anti-H
antibodies Answer: b) anti-A, anti-B and anti-H antibodies
7. Q: What type of blood should individuals with the Bombay blood group
be transfused with? A: a) A blood group b) B blood group c) AB blood
group d) Bombay blood group Answer: d) Bombay blood group
8. Q: What are the two types of ABO grouping? A: a) forward (cell) typing
and reverse (serum/plasma) typing b) forward (cell/plasma) typing and
reverse (serum/plasma) typing c) forward (cell/serum/plasma) typing and
reverse (serum/plasma/cell) d) forward (cell/serum/plasma/cell) **Answer:
a)

Sure, here is the information you provided in a table format:

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Topic Information

In 1952, Bhende, Bhatia and Deshpande discovered a new blood

group known as Bombay blood group (phenotype Oh). These
individuals lack the H gene and therefore, the basic precursor
Bombay substance cannot be converted into H substance. This in turn results
Blood in failure to form A or B antigen. When their blood sample is tested
Group for routine ABO grouping, they will be labeled as blood group O.
However, their serum contains anti-A, anti-B and anti-H antibodies.
These individuals therefore, should be transfused with only Bombay
blood group.

ABO grouping is of two types namely (i) forward (cell) typing in

which antigens on RBCs are detected and (ii) reverse (serum) typing
in which antibodies in the serum/plasma is detected. ABO grouping
ABO
is performed by making a 2% saline suspension of red cells and
Grouping
adding anti-A, anti-B and anti-AB sera. The different methods
Technique
available are as follows: Slide or tile technique, tube technique,
microplate method, microtyping system and automated or
semiautomated method.
Topic Information

Take a slide/white tile and mark it anti-A, anti-B and anti-AB. Put
one drop each of anti-A, anti-B and anti-AB sera on the marked
slide. Add one drop of washed 2% red cell suspension to each
antiserum. Mix each one separately with clean applicator sticks and
spread the mixture over an area of 2 cm. Rock the slide gently and
Slide or Tile look for “agglutination” within 5 minutes. Blood group A, B, AB or
Technique O is interpreted depending on the agglutination in the antisera. Each
blood group test should preferably have controls, both positive and
negative. Positive control is run by performing the above techniques
by using cells of known groups A, B, AB and O. Negative control is
run by adding saline instead of antisera. If agglutination develops, it
indicates autoagglutination or pseudoagglutination.

Group A has two subgroups namely A1 and A2 which can be

Note differentiated by using anti-A1 lectin. Presence of H substance can
be detected by anti-H.

Rh blood group system is the second system of clinical significance

in transfusion medicine. This is a complete system of antigens
which are labeled as D, d, C, c, E and e. The D antigen is highly
immunogenic while Cc and Ee antigens are weak antigens and
therefore, risk of sensitization to these antigens is less than the risk
of sensitization to D. Individuals who have D antigen on their red
cell surface are Rh positive while those who lack D antigens are
called Rh negative. In contrast to ABO system, there are no
Rh Blood
naturally occurring antibodies against Rh antigens in Rh negative
Group
individuals. Rh antibodies develop after exposure to Rh antigens
System
following transfusion (Rh positive blood given to Rh negative
patients). They can be detected by antiglobulin test (Coombs test).
Rh incompatibility between donor and recipient results in hemolytic
transfusion reactions while Rh incompatibility between mother and
fetus results in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). The
different methods available for Rh (D) typing techniques include
slide or tile technique, tube technique, microplate method,
microtyping system and automated or semi-automated method.
Sure, here are some true or false statements based on the information you
provided:

1. The Bombay blood group was discovered in 1952 by Bhende, Bhatia

and Deshpande. True
2. Individuals with the Bombay blood group lack the A gene. False, they
lack the H gene.
3. Individuals with the Bombay blood group can convert the basic
precursor substance into H substance. False, they cannot convert the
basic precursor substance into H substance.
4. When tested for routine ABO grouping, individuals with the Bombay
blood group will be labeled as blood group AB. False, they will be labeled
as blood group O.
5. The serum of individuals with the Bombay blood group contains anti-A,
anti-B and anti-H antibodies. True
6. Individuals with the Bombay blood group should be transfused with
only AB blood group. False, they should be transfused with only Bombay
blood group.
7. ABO grouping is performed by making a 2% saline suspension of red
cells and adding anti-A, anti-B and anti-AB sera. True
8. In the slide or tile technique, a slide or white tile is marked with anti-A,
anti-B and anti-AB and one drop each of anti-A, anti-B and anti-AB
sera is added to the marked slide. True
9. In the slide or tile technique, one drop of washed 2% red cell suspension
is added to each antiserum and mixed separately with clean applicator
sticks before being spread over an area of 2 cm. True
10. Blood group A, B, AB or O is interpreted depending on the
agglutination in the antisera in the slide or tile technique. True
11. Positive control in ABO grouping is run by performing the techniques
by using cells of known groups A, B, AB and O while negative control is
run by adding saline instead of antisera. True
12. Group A has two subgroups namely A1 and A2 which can be
differentiated by using anti-A1 lectin while presence of H substance can
be detected by anti-H. True
13. Rh blood group system is the first system of clinical significance in
transfusion medicine and consists of antigens labeled as D, d, C, c, E
and e. False, it is the second system of clinical significance in transfusion
medicine.
14. Individuals who have D antigen on their red cell surface are Rh positive
while those who lack D antigens are called Rh negative. True
15. There are naturally occurring antibodies against Rh antigens in Rh
negative individuals while Rh antibodies develop after exposure to Rh
antigens following transfusion (Rh positive blood given to Rh negative
patients). False, there are no naturally occurring antibodies against Rh
antigens in Rh negative individuals.
Sure, here are some fill in the blanks statements based on the information you
provided:

1. The Bombay blood group was discovered in ______ by Bhende, Bhatia and
Deshpande. Answer: 1952
2. Individuals with the Bombay blood group lack the ______ gene. Answer: H
3. When tested for routine ABO grouping, individuals with the Bombay blood
group will be labeled as blood group ______. Answer: O
4. The serum of individuals with the Bombay blood group contains anti-A,
anti-B and ______ antibodies. Answer: anti-H
5. Individuals with the Bombay blood group should be transfused with only
______ blood group. Answer: Bombay
6. ABO grouping is performed by making a 2% saline suspension of red cells
and adding anti-A, anti-B and ______ sera. Answer: anti-AB
7. In the slide or tile technique, a slide or white tile is marked with anti-A, anti-
B and ______. Answer: anti-AB
8. Blood group A, B, AB or O is interpreted depending on the agglutination in
the antisera in the ______ technique. Answer: slide or tile
9. Positive control in ABO grouping is run by performing the techniques by
using cells of known groups A, B, AB and O while negative control is run
by adding saline instead of ______. Answer: antisera
10. Group A has two subgroups namely A1 and A2 which can be differentiated
by using ______ lectin while presence of H substance can be detected by
anti-H. Answer: anti-A1
11. Rh blood group system is the second system of clinical significance in
transfusion medicine and consists of antigens labeled as D, d, C, c, E and
______. Answer: e
12. Individuals who have D antigen on their red cell surface are Rh positive
while those who lack D antigens are called Rh ______. Answer: negative
13. There are no naturally occurring antibodies against Rh antigens in Rh
negative individuals while Rh antibodies develop after exposure to Rh
antigens following transfusion (Rh positive blood given to Rh negative
patients) and can be detected by antiglobulin test (______ test). Answer:
Coombs
14. Rh incompatibility between donor and recipient results in hemolytic
transfusion reactions while Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus
results in hemolytic disease of the newborn (______). Answer: HDN
15. The different methods available for Rh (D) typing techniques include slide
or tile technique, tube technique, microplate method, microtyping system
and automated or semi-automated method.