ANNEXURE

# Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

Technical Data

10.1 General Device Data

10.1.1 Analog Inputs

Nominal frequency fN 50 Hz or 60 Hz(adjustable)

Current Inputs Nominal current IN 1 A or 5 A

Power consumption per phase and earth path
– at IN = 1 A approx. 0.05 VA
– at IN = 5 A approx. 0.3 VA
– Sensitive earth fault detection at 1 A approx. 0.05 VA
Current overload capability per input
– thermal (rms) 500 A for 1 s
150 A for 10 s
20 A continuous
– dynamic (pulse) 1250 A (half cycle)
Current overload capability for sensitive earth current input
– thermal (rms) 300 A for 1 s
100 A for 10 s
15 A continuous
– dynamic (pulse) 750 A (half cycle)

Voltage Inputs Nominal voltage UN 80 V to 125 V (adjustable)

Power consumption per phase at 100 V ≤ 0.1 VA
Current overload capability per phase
– thermal (rms) 230 V continuous

10.1.2 Power Supply

Direct Voltage Voltage supply via integrated DC/DC converter:

Nominal power supply direct voltage UNDC 24/48 VDC 60/110/125 VDC
Permissible voltage ranges 19 to 58 VDC 48 to 150 VDC

Nominal power supply direct voltage UNDC 110/125/220/250 VDC 220/250 VDC
Permissible voltage ranges 88 to 300 VDC 176 to 300 VDC

Permissible AC Ripple Voltage,

peak to peak ≤ 15 % of the nominal power supply voltage
Power consumption
– quiescent approx. 5 W
– energized with 7SA522*–*A/E/J approx. 12 W
with 7SA522*–*C/G/L/N/Q/S approx. 15 W
with 7SA522*–*D/H/M/P/R/T approx. 18 W
plus approx. 1.5 W per interface module

10-2 7SA522 Manual

C53000-G1176-C155-2
Page 1 of 23
Technical Data P44x/EN TD/J96

MiCOM P441/P442 & P444 (TD) 2-3

Ratings Power supply

AC Measuring Inputs Auxiliary Voltage (Vx)
Nominal frequency: Three ordering options:
∗ 50 and 60 Hz (settable)
Operating range:
(i) Vx: 24 to 48 Vdc,
(ii) Vx: 48 to 110 Vdc, SS
∗ 45 to 65Hz (iii) Vx: 110 to 250 Vdc, and 100 to 240Vac (rms).
AC Current
Nominal current (In):
Operating Range
(i) 19 to 65Vdc
IT
∗ 1 and 5 A dual rated (separate terminals (ii) 37 to 150Vdc
(iii) 87 to 300Vdc, 80 to 265Vac.
are provided for the 1A and 5A windings,
with the neutral input of each winding With a tolerable ac ripple of up to 12% for a dc TD
sharing one terminal) supply, per IEC 60255-11: 1979.
Nominal burden per phase 1 A:
∗ <0.04VA at rated current
Nominal Burden
Quiescent burden: 12 W GS
Impedance per phase 1 A: Additions for energized binary inputs/outputs:
∗ <40mΩ over 0 - 30In Per opto input:
Nominal burden per phase 5 A:
∗ <0.15VA at rated current
∗ 0.09W…(24 to 54V), ST
∗ 0.12W...(110/125V),
Impedance per phase 5 A: ∗ 0.19W...(220/250V).
∗ <8mΩ over 0 - 30In
Thermal withstand:
Per energized output relay: 0.13W
Per energized high break output relay: 0.73W
AP
∗ continuous 4 In
∗ for 10s: 30 In Power-up Time
∗ for 1s; 100 In Time to power up < 11s. PL
Linear to 64 In (non-offset AC current).
Power Supply Interruption
AC Voltage Per IEC 60255-11: 1979
Nominal voltage (Vn): The relay will withstand a 20ms interruption in MR
∗ 100 to 120 V phase-phase the DC auxiliary supply, without de-energizing.
Nominal burden per phase: Per IEC 61000-4-11: 1994
∗ < 0.02 VA at 110/√3 V The relay will withstand a 20ms interruption in
an AC auxiliary supply, without de-energizing.
FD
Thermal withstand:
∗ continuous 2 Vn
∗ for 10s: 2.6 Vn Battery Backup CM
Front panel mounted Type ½ AA, 3.6V
Field Voltage Output
Regulated 48Vdc MT
Current limited at 112mA maximum output
The operating range shall be 40 V to 60 V with
an alarm raised at <35 V TS
Digital (“Opto”) Inputs
Universal opto inputs with programmable
voltage thresholds. May be energized from the SC
48V field voltage, or the external battery
supply.
Rated nominal voltage:
Operating range:
24 to 250Vdc
19 to 265Vdc
SG
Withstand: 300Vdc.
Nominal pick-up and reset thresholds:
∗ Pick-up: approx. 70% of IN
battery nominal set,
∗ Reset: approx. 64% of
battery nominal set. CS
Recognition time:
∗ <2ms with long filter removed,
∗ <10ms with half-cycle ac immunity filter on.
VH

Page 2 of 23
1.2.2 AC Current
Nominal Measuring Range
In 1, 5 A Phase and earth 80 x In
fn 50, 60Hz 47 to 62Hz

Note. 1 A and 5 A nominal inputs are user selectable on each model.

1.2.2.1 Burden
Value - Phase and Earth
Attribute
1A 5A
AC Burden ≤ 0.1 VA ≤ 0.3 VA

1.2.2.2 Thermal Withstand

Current
Overload Period Phase and Earth
1A 5A
Continuous 3.0 x In
10 minutes 3.5 x In
5 minutes 4.0 x In
3 minutes 5.0 x In
2 minutes 6.0 x In
3 seconds 57.7A 202A
2 seconds 70.7A 247A
1 second 100A 350A
1 cycle 700A 2500A

Page 3 of 23
Technical Data
11.1 General Device Data

11.1 General Device Data

11.1.1 Analog Inputs

Current Inputs

All current, voltage, and power data are specified as RMS values.
Rated frequency frated 50 Hz, 60 Hz
Protection-class current trans- Rated current Irated Measuring range
formers
5A 0 A to 500 A
1A 0 A to 100 A
Power consumption per current Approx. 0.1 VA
circuit at rated current
Thermal rating 500 A for 1 s
(protection-class current trans- 150 A for 10 s
formers) 20 A continuously
25 A for 3 min
30 A for 2 min
Dynamic load-carrying capacity 1250 A one half wave

Voltage Input

All current, voltage, and power data are specified as RMS values.
Rated frequency frated 50 Hz, 60 Hz
Input and output modules IO202, IO208, IO211, IO214 IO215
Measuring range 0 V to 200 V 0 V to 7.07 V
Input impedance < 0.1 VA < 0.01 VA
Thermal rating 230 V continuously 20 V continuously

Measuring-Transducer Inputs (via Module ANAI-CA-4EL)

Insulation class SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage) (according to IEC 60255-27)
Connector type 8-pin multiple contact strip
Differential current input channels 4
Measuring range DC -24 mA to +24 mA
Fault < 0.5 % of the measuring range
Input impedance 140 Ω
Conversion principle Delta-sigma (16 bit)
Permissible potential difference DC 20 V
between channels
Galvanic separation from ground/ DC 700 V
housing
Permissible overload DC 100 mA continuously
Measurement repetition 200 ms

Measuring-Transducer Inputs (via Module ARC-CD-3FO)

Connector type AVAGO AFBR-4526Z

Number of transceivers 3
Fiber type Polymer Optical Fiber (POF) 1 mm

580 SIPROTEC 5, Low-Impedance Busbar Protection 7SS85, Manual

Page 4 of 23 C53000-G5040-C019-7, Edition 11.2017
Technical Data
4.1 General Device Data

4.1 General Device Data

4.1.1 Analog Inputs

Current Inputs

Nominal Frequency fNom 50 Hz or 60 Hz (adjustable)

Operating range frequency 25 Hz to 70 Hz
(not dependent on the nominal frequency
Nominal current ΙNom 1 A or 5 A
Ground current, sensitive ΙNs ≤ 1.6· ΙNom linear range 1)
Burden per phase and ground path
- at ΙN = 1 A ≤ 0.05 VA
- at ΙN = 5 A ≤ 0.3 VA
≤ 0.05 VA
- for sensitive ground fault detection at 1 A
≤ 0.3 VA
- for sensitive ground fault detection at 5 A
Load capacity current path
- thermal (rms) 500 A for 1 s
150 A for 10 s
20 A continuous
- dynamic (peak value) 1250 A (half-cycle)
Load capacity input for sensitive ground fault detection ΙNs 1)
- thermal (rms) 300 A for 1 s
100 A for 10 s
15 A continuous
- dynamic (peak value) 750 A (half-cycle)
1) only in models with input for sensitive ground fault detection (see ordering data in the Appendix)

Voltage Inputs

Nominal voltage 34 V – 225 V (adjustable)

for connection of phase-to-ground voltages
34 V – 200 V (adjustable)
for connection of phase-to-phase voltages
Measuring Range 0 V to 200 V
Burden at 100 V approx. 0.005 VA
Overload capacity in the voltage path
– thermal (rms) 230 V continuous

4.1.2 Auxiliary voltage

Direct Voltage

Voltage supply via an integrated converter

Nominal auxiliary DC voltage VAux DC 24 V to 48 V DC 60 V to 250 V
Permissible voltage ranges DC 19 V to 60 V DC 48 V to 300 V
Overvoltage category, IEC 60255-27 III
AC ripple voltage peak to peak, IEC 60255-11 15 % of auxiliary voltage

352 SIPROTEC 4, 7SJ80, Manual

Page 5 of 23 E50417-G1140-C343-A6, Edition 05.2016
 Technical Data
11.1 General Device Data

11.1 General Device Data

11.1.1 Analog Inputs

Voltage Input

All current, voltage, and power data are specified as RMS values.
Rated frequency frated 50 Hz, 60 Hz
Input and output modules IO202, IO208, IO211, IO214 IO215
Measuring range 0 V to 200 V 0 V to 7.07 V
Input impedance < 0.1 VA < 0.01 VA
Thermal rating 230 V continuously 20 V continuously

Measuring-Transducer Inputs (via Module ANAI-CA-4EL)

Insulation class SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage) (according to IEC 60255-27)
Connector type 8-pin multiple contact strip
Differential current input channels 4
Measuring range DC -24 mA to +24 mA
Fault < 0.5 % of the measuring range
Input impedance 140 Ω
Conversion principle Delta-sigma (16 bit)
Permissible potential difference DC 20 V
between channels
Galvanic separation from ground/ DC 700 V
housing
Permissible overload DC 100 mA continuously
Measurement repetition 200 ms

Measuring-Transducer Inputs (via Module ARC-CD-3FO)

Connector type AVAGO AFBR-4526Z

Number of transceivers 3
Fiber type Polymer Optical Fiber (POF) 1 mm
Receiver
Maximum -10 dBm ± 2 dBm
Minimum -40 dBm ± 2 dBm
Spectrum 400 nm to 1100 nm
Attenuation In the case of plastic optical fibers, you can expect a path attenuation of
0.2 dB/m Additional attenuation comes from the plug and sensor head.
Optical budget 1 Minimal 25 dB
Analog sampling rate 16 kHz
ADC type 10-bit successive approximation
Transmitter
Type LED
Wavelength λ = 650 nm
Transmit power Minimum 0 dBm
Maximum 2 dBm
Numerical aperture 0.5 2
Signal rate connection test 1 pulse per second

SIPROTEC 5, High-Voltage Bay Controller, Manual 1095

C53000-G5040-C015-9, Edition 11.2017 Page 6 of 23
Technical Data
11.31 Thermal Overload Protection, 3-Phase – Advanced

11.31 Thermal Overload Protection, 3-Phase – Advanced

Setting Value for the Function Block Filter

h(0) -100.000 to 100.000 Increments of 0.001

h(1) -100.000 to 100.000 Increments of 0.001
h(2) -100.000 to 100.000 Increments of 0.001
h(3) -100.000 to 100.000 Increments of 0.001
h(4) -100.000 to 100.000 Increments of 0.001

Setting Values/Increments for the Protection Stage

Threshold current 1 A @ 50 and 100 Irated 0.030 A to 35.000 A Increments of 0.001 A

warning 5 A @ 50 and 100 Irated 0.15 A to 175.00 A Increments of 0.01 A
1 A @ 1.6 Irated 0.001 A to 1.600 A Increments of 0.001 A
5 A @ 1.6 Irated 0.005 A to 8.000 A Increments of 0.001 A
Threshold thermal warn. 50 % to 100 % Increments of 1 %
Dropout threshold operate 50 % to 99 % Increments of 1 %
Emerg. start T overtravel 0 s to 15 000 s Increments of 10 s
K-factor acc. to IEC 60225-8 0.10 to 4.00 Increments of 0.01
Thermal time constant 10 s to 60 000 s Increments of 1 s
Cooling time constant 10 s to 60 000 s Increments of 1 s
Imax thermal 1 A @ 50 and 100 Irated 0.030 A to 10.000 A Increments of 0.001 A
5 A @ 50 and 100 Irated 0.15 A to 50.00 A Increments of 0.01 A
1 A @ 1.6 Irated 0.001 A to 1.600 A Increments of 0.001 A
5 A @ 1.6 Irated 0.005 A to 8.000 A Increments of 0.001 A
Imin cooling 1 A @ 50 and 100 Irated 0.000 A to 10.000 A Increments of 0.001 A
5 A @ 50 and 100 Irated 0.00 A to 50.00 A Increments of 0.01 A
1 A @ 1.6 Irated 0.000 A to 1.600 A Increments of 0.001 A
5 A @ 1.6 Irated 0.000 A to 8.000 A Increments of 0.001 A
Temperature rise at Irated 40 K to 200 K Increments of 1 K
Default temperature -55°C to 55°C Increments of 1°C
Minimal temperature -55°C to 40°C Increments of 1°C

Dropout Ratios

Tripping threshold (fixed at 100 %) Dropout if value drops below operate indication
dropout threshold
Thermal warning threshold About 0.99 of the setting value
Current warning threshold About 0.95 of the setting value

Frequency Range of the Input Signals

The function captures input signals up to the 50th harmonic.

1172 SIPROTEC 5, High-Voltage Bay Controller, Manual

Page 7 of 23 C53000-G5040-C015-9, Edition 11.2017
Technical Data
4.1 General Device Data

4.1 General Device Data

4.1.1 Analog Inputs

Current Inputs

Nominal Frequency fNom 50 Hz or 60 Hz (adjustable)

Nominal Current ΙNom 1 A or 5 A
Ground Current, Sensitive ΙNs ≤ linear range 1.6 A16
Burden per Phase and Ground Path
- at ΙNom = 1 A Approx. 0.02 VA
- at ΙNom = 5 A Approx. 0.40 VA
- for sensitive ground fault detection at 1.6 A Approx. 0.10 VA
Load capacity current path
100 In for 1 s
- Thermal (rms)
4 In continuous
Current overload capability for high-sensitivity input ΙNs 16
- Thermal (rms) 150 A for 1 s
15 A continuous
- Dynamic (peak value)

Voltage Inputs

Nominal Voltage 100 V to 230 V (adjustable)

Measuring Range 0 V to 170 V
Burden at 100 V Approx. 0.15 VA
AC Voltage Input Overload Capacity
- Thermal (rms) 230 V continuous

4.1.2 Auxiliary Voltage

Direct Voltage

Power supply via integrated converter

Rated auxiliary voltage DC VAux DC110 V / DC220 V
Permissible Voltage Ranges DC 88 V to DC 250 V
AC Ripple Voltage, 15 % of the auxiliary voltage
Peak to Peak, IEC 60255-11

Power Input Quiescent Energized

7SJ661 Approx. 5 W Approx. 9 W
7SJ662 Approx. 5 W Approx. 9 W
7SJ663 Approx. 7 W Approx. 11 W
Bridging time for failure/short- ≥ 50 ms at V ≥ DC 110 V
circuit, IEC 60255-11 (in not ener- ≥ 20 ms at V ≥ DC 24 V
gized operation)

16 only in models with input for sensitive ground fault detection (see ordering data in Appendix)

430 SIPROTEC 4, Multi-Functional Protective Relay with Local Control, Manual

Page 8 of 23 C53000-B1140-C383-7, Edition 09.2018
Elite 440
Technical specifications
Electrical
Connection type Common product for HT3/ HT4/ LT4 application
Voltage range :
Measurement voltage range 57.7 V (100V) - 240 V (415 V) AC 3 phase 4 wire (3 phase 3 wire)
Tolerance -30% to +20% of Vn
Aux power supply range 80 - 300 V AC/DC or 24 - 60 V DC (Variant)
Current range Available 1-2A and 5-10 A in single variant (field configurable)
Main frequency 50/60Hz with ±5%
Accuracy Class 0.2s, 0.5s, 1.0
Burden Aux burden : 3.5 VA; 8VA when all modules connected.
Current ckt burden : 1 A - 0.05VA per phase, 5 A - 0.25 VA per phase.
Voltage ckt burden : 0.15 VA per phase.
Short time over current 20 x Imax for 1 sec., 10 x Imax for 3 sec., 7 x Imax for 10 sec.

Approvals
Standards IS13779, IS14697, IEC62052-11, IEC62053-21, IEC62053-23, IEC62053-22, IEC61010, IEC62053-31

Mechanical
Dimensions (WXHXD) 96 x 96 x 65 mm (w/o module);
96 x 96 x 110 mm (with module)
Cut out size 92 x 92 mm
Weight 0.5 kg (approx)
Enclosure FRPC
Terminals Combicon connector
2
Max conductor size 2.5 mm

Environmental
Ingress protection IP 54 (front fascia); IP20 (at terminals)
Insulation 4 kV RMS 50 Hz, 1 minute
Impulse withstand 6 kV
Temperature -20 °C to +60 °C (operating)
-25 °C to +80 °C (storage)
Humidity 95% non-condensing

Feature
Favourite page On / Off
CT/VT primary Configurable in field through keypad
Communication RS485 Modbus half duplex (Default) and data will be available in floating point format
(IEEE754)
Baud rate From 1200-38400 bps (Default 9600 bps)
Load survey 40 days for 6 parameters @ 30 minutes integration period
Options for 15 or 60-minute integration period.

Modules
Specifications are subject to change without prior notice

2 Digital pulse input and output (single module) Input supports voltage range of 8-40VDC with pulse duration of 5 ms for input 1 and
40 ms for input 2. Output are normally open type, voltage rating of 230 V AC @ 100 mA or
48 V DC @ 100 mA with pulse width of 80 ms or 240 ms
Ethernet 10/100base-T for Modbus over TCP/IP communication
4 analogue outputs Analogue output supports current range of 4-20 mA non-isolated with loop impedance
750 Ω, auxiliary supply 20-40V DC @ 100 mA

Secure Meters Limited

P.O. Box No. 30, E-Class Pratap Nagar Industrial Area, Udaipur, 313003, INDIA
T: 91-294-2492300-04 | F: 91-294-2492310 | E:[email protected] | www.securetogether.com
Page 9 of 23
01-16 Ver 1.0
7 General Specifications
The general specifications for Premier 300 are summarised below:

Specification Description
Dimensions (mm) 191 (L) x 255(W) x 82 (H) mm approx
Weight 1.6 kg approximately
Mounting Type Projection type
Front Cover Fire-retardant polycarbonate (PC-FR)
Base PC-FR material
Mechanical Extended Terminal Block
PC-FR material
Cover
Terminal Block 10% Glass filled PC-FR material
2 seals on ETBC, 1 seal on IEC 1107 port, 1 seal on the left button
Sealing Provision
and 3 seals on the front cover
Display Super Twisted Nematic (STN) LCD with backlit
Meter Type 3 Phase, 4 Wire
Measuring Elements 4CT for LT-CT
Rated Voltage 3*230/240V
Frequency 50 Hz ± 5%
Electrical
Current Rating 5A (Ib), 10A (Imax)
Power Factor Zero Lag <–> Unity <->Zero Lead
Accuracy Class 0.5 s
Metrology lamp Metrological LED
DLMS Indian Companion Standard (IS15959) for category A and C,
Metrological IS
Compliance 14697, CBIP Report 304
Environmental Protection IP51
Voltage Circuit (per
<1W,<6VA
phase)
Burden
Current Circuit (per
<1VA
phase)
Table 3: General Specifications for Premier 300.

Page 10 of 23
Current Transformer Requirements Page 1 of 4

Current Transformer Requirements

The requirements for phase current transformers are usually determined by the overcurrent time protection,
particularly by the high-current element settings. Besides, there is a minimum requirement based on experience.

The recommendations are given according to the standard IEC 60044-1.

The standards IEC 60044-6, BS 3938 and ANSI/IEEE C 57.13 are referred to for converting the requirement into
the knee-point voltage and other transformer classes.

Accuracy limiting factors

Effective and Rated Accuracy Limiting Factor

but at least 20

with
Required minimum effective accuracy limiting
factor
KALF' Minimum operating overcurrent factor

50-2PU Primary pickup value of the high-current element

IpNom Primary nominal transformer current

with
Resulting rated accuracy limiting factor

KALF Rated accuracy limiting factor

RBC Connected burden resistance (device and

cables)

Page 11 of 23

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Current Transformer Requirements Page 2 of 4

RBN Nominal burden resistance

RCt Transformer internal burden resistance

Calculation example according to IEC 60044–1

IsNom = 1 A
KALF' = 20
RBC = 0.6 Ω (device and cables)
RCt = 3 Ω KALF set to 10,
RBN = 5 Ω (5 VA) so that: 5P10, 5 VA

with
IsNom = secondary transformer nominal current

Class conversion

Conversion into other classes

British Standard BS 3938

ANSI/IEEE C 57.13, class C

IsNom = 5 A (typical value)

IEC 60044-6 (transient response), class

TPS K≈ 1
Classes TPX, TPY, TPZ KSSC≈ KALF
Calculated as in See ChapterAccuracy limiting factors where:
KSSC≈ KALF
TP depending on power system and specified closing
sequence

Page 12 of 23

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Current Transformer Requirements Page 3 of 4

with

Vk Knee-point voltage

RCt Internal burden resistance

RBN Nominal burden resistance

IsNom secondary nominal transformer current

KALF Rated accuracy limiting factor

Vs.t.max sec. terminal volt. at 20 IpNom

Val sec. magnetization limit voltage

K Dimensioning factor

KSSC Factor symmetr. Rated fault current

TP Primary time constant

Cable core balance current transformer

General
The requirements to the cable core balance current transformer are determined by the function „sensitive ground
fault detection“.

The recommendations are given according to the standard IEC 60044-1.

Requirements

Page 13 of 23

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Current Transformer Requirements Page 4 of 4

Transformation ratio, typical

It may be necessary to select a different transformation ratio to suit the specific power system and thus 60 / 1
the amount of the maximum ground fault current.

FS =
Accuracy limiting factor
10

2.5
Power
VA

Class accuracy

Minimum required class accuracy depending on neutral grounding and function

operating principle

Starpoint isolated compensated high-resistance grounded

Function directional Class 1 Class 1 Class 1

Function non-directional Class 3 Class 1 Class 3

For extremely small ground fault currents it may become necessary to correct the angle at the device (see
function description of „sensitive ground fault detection“).

Page 14 of 23

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 Siemens 7SJ602 as high impedance relay

Vstab = stability voltage

The fault current may contain a transient d.c. component current, or there could be high
remanence in the CT core either of which can cause saturation of the current transformer core
and thus distortion of the secondary current. Therefore, in order to calculate the required
setting voltage for stability, it is assumed that one of the protection CT’s saturates totally.
Under these conditions current balance is lost and the healthy CTs are driving current
through the parallel impedance of the saturated CT plus lead loop resistance and the
protection relay. By setting the voltage setting of the relay above the maximum voltage
developed across the buswires then stability is assured. The saturated CT impedance is
represented by its secondary winding resistance, and the maximum lead loop resistance
between any CT and the relay must be used in the calculation of Vset .

For the simple case of two current transformers, the voltage developed across the relay is
given by:
I k , max, thr
Vset ≥ (R ct + R L ) (2)
Kn
In most practical systems where more than two current transformers exist, the same equation
is used based on the fact that this represents the most onerous condition. R L must be the
highest loop resistance between any CT and the Relay.

In addition, the setting voltage must be lower than half of the knee point voltage of any CT in
the protection scheme.
V
Vset ≤ knee (3)
2
The criteria outlined above establishes maximum and minimum values for the relay setting
voltage.

2.2.2 Stabilising Resistor

The relay 7SJ602 requires a stabilising resistor to be connected in series for use as high
impedance differential protection relay. This approach increases the relay circuit voltage
setting. The resistor can be sized as follows:
Vset − Vr = I set R stab (4)
where
R stab = stabilising resistance required
Using the maximum and minimum voltages calculated by (2) and (3), a resistance range can
be calculated from which a suitable resistor can be chosen. Typically the next highest
standard value or a variable resistor is used. Using the actual values fitted the actual relay
circuit setting voltage can be calculated.

2.2.3 Relay Setting Current

The primary operating current (fault setting) may be calculated using the practical
approximation:
( )
I p, set = K n ⋅ N ct ⋅ I e, set + I set + I var (5)
where
I p, set = primary fault setting

3 / 12
Page 15 of 23
 Siemens 7SJ602 as high impedance relay

N ct = number of CTs in parallel

I e, set Vset
= I knee = exciting current of each CT at the relay circuit setting
Vknee
voltage (assuming all CTs are identical)
I set = Relay current setting
I var = current in non linear resistor at the relay circuit setting voltage, calculated
with eqn (13)
When relay setting voltage is low and no varistor is required (see section 0), then current in
varistor can be ignored.

Maximum Sensitivity
With I set = I set , min (minimum setting current of the protection device), the maximum
sensitivity (lowest detectable fault current) can be calculated.
( )
I p, set, min = K n ⋅ N ct ⋅ I e, set + I set, min + I var (6)
Very often, it is given as percent value related to the nominal current of the CTs.
I p, set , min
Sens max = 100% ⋅ (7)
I pn

The current I p, set should fall within the recommended fault setting and be significantly
greater than a specified minimum I p, min (where I p, min is an acceptable percentage of the
minimum primary fault current I k , min ). Therefore the relay setting current can be calculated:
I p, set
I set = − ⋅N ct ⋅ I e, set − I var (8)
Kn
With this known setting current, the value of the stabilising resistance is calculated with eqn
(4).
V − Vr Vset
R stab = set = − Rr (9)
I set I set
where
Rr = relay burden of the used input in Ohm

2.3 Voltage Limiting Resistor

The previous calculations enable the relay voltage setting for through fault stability to be
determined, now the case for an internal fault needs to be considered. The maximum primary
fault current will cause high voltage spikes across the relay at instants of zero flux since a
practical CT core enters saturation on each half-cycle for voltages of this magnitude. If this
voltage exceeds 1.5 kV peak then it is necessary to suppress the voltage with a non linear
resistor (varistor) in a shunt connection which will pass the excess current as the voltage
rises. The formula to calculate this voltage is:
V̂k , max = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ Vknee ⋅ (Vk , max, nosat − Vknee ) (10)
where
V̂k , max = peak value of the voltage waveform

4 / 12
Page 16 of 23
 Siemens 7SJ602 as high impedance relay

Vk , max, nosat = value of voltage that would appear if CT did not saturate
I k , max, int
= ⋅ (R r + R stab ) where Rr = relay resistance
Kn
The varistor must be chosen to match the relay circuit setting voltage (i.e. its characteristic
must not change significantly until beyond the relay setting Vset ) and it must be capable of
passing the maximum prospective fault current that can be transformed by the CT.

The type of varistor required is chosen by its thermal rating as defined by the following
formula with the varistor parameters in Table 1:
β
I k , max,int ⎛ I k , max, int ⎞
Pvar = ⋅ α u ⋅ C ⋅ ⎜⎜ 2 ⋅ ⎟
⎟ (11)
Kn ⎝ Kn ⎠
The absorbed thermal energy during short-circuit current flow is
E var = Pvar ⋅ t k (12)
User must determine the required duration of fault t k (0.5 seconds is an accepted value) and
calculate the rating using eqn (12) result and 0.5 s.
There are 2 main types of varistors available from Metrosil which can be chosen appropriate
to these values.
Nominal Max Relay R. Energy
Recommen- Short Time Current [A rms]
Metrosil Characteristic Setting Absorp. For
ded Peak
identification Voltage 200°C Temp
C β α Voltage [V] 1s 2s 3s
[V rms] Rise. [J]
600A/S1/S256 450 0.25 0.87 200 1725 53333 45 30 22
600A/S1/S1088 900 0.25 0.87 350 1725 88000 39 23 17
Table 1: Metrosil varistor types (mostly used)

The varistor current at setting voltage is calculated from its characteristics.

β
⎛ V ⎞
I var = ⎜ 2 ⋅ set ⎟ ⋅ 0.52 ⋅ 1000 in [mA] (13)
⎝ C ⎠

2.4 Thermal Rating of Stabilising Resistor

The resistors incorporate in the scheme must be capable of withstanding the associated
thermal conditions.

2.4.1 Continuous Power Rating

The continuous power rating of a resistor is defined as:
2
Pcont, stab = I set R stab (14)
where
Pcont , stab = resistor continuous power rating
I set = continuous resistor current i.e. the setting current of the relay
R stab = stabilising resistance

2.4.2 Short-Time Power Rating

The rms voltage developed across a resistor for maximum internal fault conditions is defined
as:

5 / 12
Page 17 of 23
 2 Overview

CT dimensioning formulae CT design according to BS 3938/IEC 60044-1 (2000)

K'ssc = Kssc · Rct + Rb (effective) IEC Class P can be approximately transfered into
Rct + R' b
the IEC Class PX (BS Class X) standard definition
I SCC max by following formula:
with K'ssc W Ktd · (required)
I pn
(Rb + Rct ) ⋅ I sn ⋅ K ssc
The effective symmetrical short-circuit current VK =
factor K'ssc can be calculated as shown in the table
13
. 2
Example:
above.
IEC 600/1, 5P10, 15 VA, Rct = 4 Ω
The rated transient dimensioning factor Ktd de- 60044:
pends on the type of relay and the primary DC IEC PX or BS: VK =
(15 + 4) ⋅ 1 ⋅ 10 V = 146 V
time constant. For relays with a required satura- 1.3
tion free time from w 0.4 cycle, the primary (DC) Rct = 4 Ω
time constant TP has only little influence.
For CT design according to ANSI/IEEE C 57.13
please refer to page 2/56

Table 2/1 CT requirements

Relay type Transient dimensioning factor Ktd Min. required sym. short- Min. required kneepoint voltage VK
circuit current factor K’ssc

Overcurrent-time protection – I High set point I High set point

K'ssc ≥ VK ≥ · (Rct + R'b) · Isn
7SJ511, 512, 531 I pn . ⋅ I pn
13
7SJ45, 46, 60 20
7SJ61, 62, 63, 64 at least: 20 at least: · (Rct + R'b) · Isn
13
.

Line differential protection – I scc max (ext. fault) I scc max (ext. fault)
K'ssc ≥ VK ≥ · (Rct + R'b) · Isn
(pilot wire) I pn 13. ⋅ I pn
7SD600
and: and:

3 ( K' ssc ⋅I pn )end1 4 3 (VK / ( Rct + R' b ) ⋅ I pn / I sn )end1 4

≤ ≤ ≤ ≤
4 ( K' ssc ⋅I pn )end2 3 4 (VK / ( Rct + R' b ) ⋅ I pn / I sn )end2 3

Line differential protection Busbar / Gen. / K'ssc ≥ VK ≥

(without distance function) Transformer Line Motor I I scc max (ext. fault)
Ktd · scc max (ext. fault) Ktd · · (Rct + R'b) · Isn
7SD52x, 53x, 610 (50/60 Hz) 1.2 1.2 1.2 I pn 13. ⋅ I pn
Transformer / Generator Busbar / Gen. / and (only for 7SS): and (only for 7SS):
differential protection Transformer Line Motor
100
7UT612 4 4 5 K'ssc ≤ 100 (measuring range) VK ≤ · (Rct + R'b) · Isn (measuring range)
7UT613, 633, 635 3 3 5 13
.
7UM62 4 – 5

Busbar protection for stabilizing factors k ≥ 0.5

7SS5, 7SS600 0.5

Distance protection primary DC time constant TP [ms] K'ssc ≥ VK ≥

7SA522, 7SA6, 7SD5xx*) I scc max (close -in fault) I scc max (close -in fault)
≤ 30 ≤ 50 ≤ 100 ≤ 200 Ktd (a) · Ktd (a) · · (Rct + R'b) · Isn
*) with distance function I pn . ⋅ I pn
13
Ktd (a) 1 2 4 4 and: and:
Ktd (b) 4 5 5 5 I scc max (zone 1- end fault) I scc max (zone 1-end fault)
Ktd (b) · Ktd (b) · · (Rct + R'b) · Isn
I pn 13. ⋅ I pn

Siemens SIP · 2006, revised: Jan. 2007 2/53

Page 18 of 23
 11 Generator Protection / 7UM62

Typical connections IEE1 IEE2 VE

1) 1)
Sensitive earth-fault protection X X
Use of selected analog inputs
Directional stator earth-fault protection X X
Several protection functions take Rotor earth-fault protection (fn, R-measuring) X X
recourse to the same analog inputs,
100 % stator earth-fault protection with 20 Hz voltage X X
thus ruling out certain functions
depending on the application. One Earth-current differential protection X1) X1)
input may only be used by one 1) optional (either IEE1 or IEE2)
protection function. A different Table 11/5: Multiple use of analog inputs
combination can be used by the
unit belonging to Protection
Group 2, for example. TD1 TD2 TD3
Multiple use refers to the sensitive Injection of excitation voltage X
earth-current inputs and the DC voltage time/DC current time protection X
displacement voltage input Injection of a temperature X
(see Table 11/5).
Rotor earth-fault protection (1 to 3 Hz) X X
The same applies to the measuring Processing of analog values via CFC X X X
transducers (Table 11/6).
Table 11/6: Multiple use of measuring transducers
Current transformer requirements
The requirements imposed on the
Symmetrical short-circuit limiting factor
current transformer are deter-
mined by the differential protec- Required actual accuracy limiting factor Resulting rated accuracy limiting factor
tion function. The instantaneous I pssc R' b + RCt
trip stage (IDiff>>) reliably masters K' ssc = K td ⋅ K ssc = ⋅ K' ssc
I pn RBN + RCt
(via the instantaneous algorithm)
any high-current internal short-
circuits.
Current transformer requirements
The external short-circuit deter- Transformer Generator
mines the requirements imposed
on the current transformer as a re- Transient dimensioning factor Ktd ≥4 > (4 to 5)
τN ≤ 100 ms τN > 100 ms
sult of the DC component. The
1 1
non-saturated period of a flowing Symmetrical short-circuit current Ipssc ≈ ⋅ I pn, Tr ≈ ⋅ I pn, G
short-circuit current should be at v sc x"d
least 5 ms. Table 11/7 shows the Example vsc = 0.1 x”d = 0.12
design recommendations. K'ssc > 40 K'ssc > (34 to 42)
IEC 60044-1 and 60044-6 were Note: Rated power ≥ 10 or Note: Secondary
taken into account. The necessary Identical transformers have to be employed 15 VA winding resistance
11 equations are shown for converting Example: Example:
the requirements into the knee- Network transformer IN, G approx. 1000 to 2000 A
point voltages. The customary 10P10: (10 or 15) VA 5P15: 15 VA
practice which presently applies (Isn = 1 or 5 A) (Isn = 1 or 5 A)
should also be used to determine IN, G > 5 000 A
the rated primary current of the 5P20: 30 VA
current transformer rated current. (Isn = 1 or 5 A)
It should be greater than or equal
to the rated current of the pro-
tected object. Knee-point voltage
IEC British Standard ANSI

V = K ssc (Rct + Rb )I sn V=
(Rct + Rb )I sn K V = 20 ⋅ I sn ⋅ (Rct + Rb ) ⋅
K ssc
ssc
13
. 20
I sn = 5 A (typical value)

Ktd Rated transient dimensioning factor Rct Secondary winding resistance

Ipssc Primary symmetrical short-circuit current vsc Short-circuit voltage (impedance voltage)
Ipn Rated primary current (transformer) x”d Subtransient reactance
R'b Connected burden Isn Rated secondary current (transformer)
Rb Rated resistive burden τN Network time constant

Table 11/7: Recommendations for dimensioning

11/52 Siemens SIP · 2008

Page 19 of 23
 Application Notes B&CT/EN AP/B11

Burdens & CT Req. of MiCOM Relays Page 31/46

6.4.3 P443, P445 (MiCOMho)

om
BURDENS
Current circuit

In CT Burden

.c
1A <0.04VA at rated current
VA Burden
5A <0.01VA at rated current
1A <40mΩ over 0 - 30In
Impedance

ls
5A <8mΩ over 0 - 30In

Voltage circuit

ua
VT Input Vn VT Burden

Phase 100 - 120V < 0.02VA rms at 110 V

3

an
Auxiliary supply

Case Size Relay Nominal Burden*

Size 8/40TE
Size 12/60TE
tM P445 12W or 24VA

Size 16/80TE P443 12W or 24VA

ar
* Typical minimum burden with no opto-inputs or output contacts energised. See below for
additional burdens.
Additional burdens on auxiliary supply
lP

Additional Burden Energising Voltage Burden

24 to 54V dc 0.09W
ca

Per energised opto-input 110 to 125V dc 0.12W

220 to 250V dc 0.19W
Per energised output contact - 0.13W
tri

With optional 2nd rear communications - 1.25W

With optional InterMiCOM communications - 1.25W
lec

Opto-inputs

Energising Voltage Peak Current

0 to 300V dc 3.5mA
.E

CURRENT TRANSFORMER REQUIREMENTS

CT specification
For accuracy, class PX or 5P CTs are recommended.
w

Minimum knee-point voltage

Distance protection
ww

The knee-point voltage of the CTs should comply with the minimum requirements of the
formulae shown below.
Zone 1 reach point accuracy

Vk ≥ 0.6 × If Z1 × (1 + X / R) × (Rct + Rl )

Page 20 of 23
 B&CT/EN AP/B11 Application Notes

Page 32/46 Burdens & CT Req. of MiCOM Relays

Zone 1 close-up fault operation

om
Vk ≥ 1.4 × If max × (Rct + Rl )

The higher of the two calculated knee-point voltages is used. It is not necessary to repeat the
calculation for earth faults, as the phase reach (3∅) calculation is the worst case for CT

.c
dimensioning.

6.5 Current differential protection relays

Selection of X/R ratio and fault level

ls
The value of X/R ratio and fault level will vary from one system to another, but selecting the
correct value for the CT requirements is critical. In the case of single end fed (radial) systems
the through fault level and X/R ratio should be calculated assuming the fault occurs at the

ua
location of the remote CT. For systems where the current can feed through the protected
feeder in both directions, such as parallel feeders and ring main circuits, further
consideration is required. In this case the fault level and X/R ratio should be calculated at
both the local and remote CTs. In doing so the X/R ratio and fault level will be evaluated for
both fault directions. The CT requirements, however, should be based upon the fault

an
direction that gives the highest knee-point voltage. Under no circumstances should the X/R
ratio from one fault direction and the fault level from the other be used to calculate the knee-
point. Doing so may result in exaggerated and unrealistic CT requirements.
6.5.1 P521 tM
BURDENS
Current circuit
ar
CT Input In CT Burden
1A < 0.025VA at In
Phase
5A < 0.3VA at In
lP

1A < 0.008VA at 0.1In

Earth
5A < 0.01VA at 0.1In
ca

Auxiliary supply

Case Size Relay Nominal Burden*

tri

Size 6/30TE P521 3W or 6VA

* Typical minimum burden with no opto-inputs or output contacts energised. See below for
additional burdens.
lec

Additional burdens on auxiliary supply

Additional Burden Energising Voltage Burden

Per energised opto-input - 10mA
.E

Per energised output contact - 0.4W or 0.4VA

CURRENT TRANSFORMER REQUIREMENTS

CT specification
w

For accuracy, class PX or 5P CTs are recommended.

ww

Minimum knee-point voltage

Current differential protection
The knee-point voltage of the CTs should comply with the minimum requirements of the
formulae shown below.

Vk ≥ K s × K t × In × (Rct + 2Rl )
Page 21 of 23
Section 3: CT Requirements
The specification of CTs must meet the requirements of all protection functions utilised e.g. overall differential,
REF and backup over current protections.
The relay has 1A and 5A rated terminals for each CT input and any combination of these may be used. 1A rated
CTs can be used on one winding and together with 5A rated CTs on the other.

3.1 CT Requirement for Differential Protection

The quality of CTs will affect the performance of the protection system. The CT knee-point voltage (V k ) is a factor
in assessing protection performance.
If a high level internal short circuit occurs the dc offset in the primary fault current may produce transient CT
saturation. This is more likely to occur if the CT knee-point is low and/or the connected burden is high. Saturated
CTs produce high levels of even harmonics which may increase the operate time of the biased differential
function where harmonic restraint or inhibit is applied.
A highset differential element (87HS) can be used without harmonic restraint this can reduce the overall operating
time of the differential protection.
Restricted Earth Fault protection helps ensure fast tripping as its speed of operation is not affected significantly by
CT saturation.
For high speed operation:

Vk ≥ 4 x I FS x (R CT + R L )

Where:
Vk = CT knee point voltage.
I FS = Max. secondary 3-phase through fault current (as limited by the transformer impedance).
R CT = Secondary winding resistance of each star connected CT.
R L = The CT secondary loop lead resistance.

Where the CTs used have a lower knee point voltage e.g. half that calculated in the expression above the biased
differential elements may have a slightly longer operate time. To ensure stability during through fault conditions
the biased differential settings should be increased by 10%.

Advice on CT Selection.
1A rated CT secondaries are preferred to 5A CTs as the CT VA burden is reduced by a factor of 25.
Line current transformer ratios should be selected to match the main transformer rating and ratio. However the
ICT Multiplier adjustment can be used to compensate for non matched ratios. Choose a CT ratio that produces
at least 0.33 x nominal secondary rating, when based on the transformer is at nameplate rating i.e. within the
range of the ICT Multiplier setting.
Where long secondary lead lengths are required measures can be taken to reduce the burden imposed on the
CTs:
Use high CT ratios to reduce the secondary current. Compensate the low secondary current using the
ICT Multipliers..
Parallel CT secondary cable cores to reduce lead resistance.

Page 22 of 23
Weight, Dimension data &
Current carrying capacity of cables

TABLE-19 “POLYCAB” 1.1 KV FOUR CORE, COPPER CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATED, INNER SHEATHED,
ARMOURED PVC SHEATHED CABLES CONFORMING TO IS : 1554 (PART I) AMENDED UPTO DATE
Nominal Nominal Nominal Armour Minimum Approx. Approx. Max. Dc Current Ratings
Cross Thickness Thickness Galv. Round Galv. Flat Thickness Overall Weight of Conductor Direct In In Ducts In Air
Sectional of Insula- of Inner Steel Wire Steel Strip of Outer Diameter Cable Resistance Ground
Area tion Sheath Nominal Nominal Sheath at 20°C
Dia. Thickness
Sq. mm mm mm mm mm mm mm Kgs./Km Ohm/Km Amps. Amps. Amps.
*1.5 0.8 0.3 1.4 - 1.24 15.0 440 12.100 21 17 17
*2.5 0.9 0.3 1.4 - 1.24 16.5 550 7.410 27 24 24
*4.0 1.0 0.3 1.4 - 1.24 18.0 650 4.610 36 30 30
*6.0 1.0 0.3 1.4 - 1.24 19.5 800 3.080 45 38 39
*10 1.0 0.3 - 0.8 1.40 20.0 910 1.830 60 50 52
16 1.0 0.3 - 0.8 1.40 23.0 1150 1.150 77 64 66
25 1.2 0.3 - 0.8 1.40 24.0 1570 0.727 99 81 90
35 1.2 0.3 - 0.8 1.40 27.0 2035 0.524 120 99 110
50 1.4 0.4 - 0.8 1.56 31.0 2780 0.387 145 125 135
70 1.4 0.4 - 0.8 1.56 35.0 3540 0.268 175 150 165
95 1.6 0.4 - 0.8 1.72 38.0 4760 0.193 210 175 200
120 1.6 0.5 - 0.8 1.88 42.0 5770 0.153 240 195 230
150 1.8 0.5 - 0.8 1.88 46.0 7065 0.124 270 225 265
185 2.0 0.6 - 0.8 2.04 51.0 8580 0.099 300 255 305
240 2.2 0.6 - 0.8 2.36 58.0 11000 0.075 345 295 355
300 2.4 0.7 - 0.8 2.52 66.0 13625 0.060 385 335 400
400 2.6 0.7 - 0.8 2.84 80.0 17750 0.047 425 360 455
* If required, these sizes can be offered with standard conductors also

TABLE-20 “POLYCAB” 1.1 KV FOUR CORE, COPPER CONDUCTOR, PVC INSULATED, INNER SHEATHED,
UNARMOURED PVC SHEATHED CABLES CONFORMING TO IS : 1554 (PART I) AMENDED UPTO DATE

Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal Approx. Approx. Max. Dc Current Ratings

Cross Thickness of Thickness of Thickness of Overall Weight of Conductor Direct In In Ducts In Air
Sectional Insulation Inner Sheath Outer Sheath Diameter Cable Resistance at Ground
Area 20° C
Sq. mm mm mm mm mm Kgs./Km Ohm/Km Amps. Amps. Amps.
*1.5 0.8 0.3 1.8 12.5 190 12.100 21 17 17
*2.5 0.9 0.3 1.8 14.0 245 7.410 27 24 24
*4.0 1.0 0.3 1.8 15.5 320 4.610 36 30 30
*6.0 1.0 0.3 1.8 17.0 410 3.080 45 38 39
*10 1.0 0.3 1.8 19.0 590 1.830 60 50 52
16 1.0 0.3 2.0 21.5 860 1.150 77 64 66
25 1.2 0.3 2.0 24.0 1220 0.727 99 81 90
35 1.2 0.3 2.0 26.5 1670 0.524 120 99 110
50 1.4 0.4 2.2 32.5 2340 0.387 145 125 135
70 1.4 0.4 2.2 33.5 3140 0.268 175 150 165
95 1.6 0.4 2.4 38.5 4210 0.193 210 175 200
120 1.6 0.5 2.4 41.5 5220 0.153 240 195 230
150 1.8 0.5 2.6 46.0 6470 0.124 270 225 265
185 2.0 0.6 2.6 50.5 7980 0.099 300 255 305
240 2.2 0.6 3.0 58.0 10250 0.075 345 295 355
300 2.4 0.7 3.4 64.0 12730 0.060 385 335 400
400 2.6 0.7 3.6 72.0 16800 0.047 425 360 455
* If required, these sizes can be offered with stranded conductors also
Page 23 of 23
15