Tiles

TILES
Tiles:
A tile is a special type of brick which is often larger than an ordinary brick.
Tiles are mostly used for roofing and paving purposes.
Standard size of tiles:
Tiles are manufactured in different sizes in Pakistan. The most popular sizes
are:
(1)12’’ x 6’’ x 1 1’’
4
(2) 12’’ x 6’’ x 2’’
(3) 9’’ x 4 1’’ x 2’’
2
CLASSIFICATION
OF
TILES:
Tiles are classified into groups on the basis of construction
material.
(1) Material basis
(i) Common tiles
(ii) Encaustic tiles
Depending upon their Use
(1) Roofing Tiles
(a) Plain Tiles
(b) Pot Tiles
(c) Allahabad Tiles
(d) Mangalore Tiles
(e) Concrete Roofing Tiles
(2) Flooring/Paving Tiles

(3) Drain Tiles
(1) CLASSIFICATION
OF
TILES
BASED UPON
MATERIAL USED
(i) Common tiles:
Common tiles may be used for roofing. Flooring and walling
also. Common tiles are pan tiles, pot tiles and flat tiles.
(ii) Encaustic Tiles:
These tiles are prepared by mixing colors with the clay before
burning. These are used for decorative purposes.
(2) CLASSIFICATION
OF
TILES
BASED UPON
THEIR USE
(i) Roofing tiles:
These may be flat like slates or may be made
to different shapes. Some of the common
varieties are discussed below.
(a) Plain tiles:
The size of these tiles is 25 cm x 15 cm to 28 cm x
18 cm and thickness varies from 10 mm to 17 mm.
(b) Pan tiles:
These tiles are curved in section. These are 33 cm
to 38 cm long and 23 cm to 28 cm wide
(c) Pot tiles:
These are semi circular in section and taper
along the length. The diameter at larger end is
about 23 cm and at the smaller end it is about
20 cm.
(d) Allahabad tiles:
These consist of two sets of tiles. The lower
ones are flat tiles with upturned sides. End
widths reduce from 27 cm to 23 cm and the
length is about 38 cm. The over tile is half
round in section and tapers from 16.5 cm to 12
cm in diameter. Half round tiles are moulded
on a potters’ wheel as a round tapering
cylindrical tile. Two longitudinal cuts are
given to the cylinder while still not dry. With
this it is easy to break it into two semicircular
tiles after burning.
(e) Mangalore tiles:
These are flat pattern tiles with suitable key
projection. About 16 tiles are required to
cover one square meter of roof.
(f) Concrete roofing tiles:
Tiles of any shape, size or colour could be made
with cement concrete. These are more strong,
durable and weather resistant.
(2) Flooring or Paving tiles:
These are usually thicker than roofing tiles and vary from 15 mm to
30 mm in thickness. Their shapes are square, hexagonal or any of
other geometrical pattern and may be coloured, if desired.
Depending upon properties of clay flooring tiles are classified as:
class 1, class 2, class 3 tiles. Maximum water absorption
percentages in case of these tiles are 10, 19 and 24 respectively.
(3) Drain tiles:
These are curved tiles made in various shapes and
sizes to suit the work in which they are to be used.
Tiles to be used in the construction of sewage
carrying drains should be glazed.
MANUFACTURING
OF
TILES
MANUFACTURING OF TILES:
Six main operations are involved in the
manufacturing of tiles:
1. Selection of suitable clay
2. Preparation of clay
3. Moulding
4. Drying and Shaping
5. Burning
6. Cooling
(1) Selection of suitable clay:
For manufacturing of tiles, we require superior
type of clay. The clay should be completely free
from grit, pebbles and other organic matter.
(2) Preparation of clay:
This is done by mixing water with clay in a tank
and storing it in damp condition. The solution is
then allowed to stand quietly in the tank resulting
in the setting and leaving of coarse particles.
Water containing fine clay in solution is rained off
to other tanks where it is allowed to dry leaving
fine clay ready for moulding.
(3) Moulding:
Moulding operation is done on the ground specially prepared
for that purpose. All the instruments which are used in the
moulding should be present.
The moulder sprinkles ashes over the clay and start to mould
according to the required size of tiles on the smooth and
leveled surface, when the number of 10 to 15 tiles are
prepared they are taken for drying and shaping.
(4) Drying and Shaping:
Two days after moulding, the tiles are given
proper shape and then they are placed on their
edges and dried for about two days. One thing
should be kept in mind that we take care to
crack and wrap and they should be dried
slowly.
(5) Burning:
Tiles are burnt in a kiln which is in circular shape. Tiles are
kept on their edges and door ways are closed with bricks.
The maximum temperature of tiles should be 2200degreeF
for about three hours. This process is repeated for second
time.
The kiln is isolated after it has cooled down. The kiln
should be protected against bad weather specially on the
wind side by temporary roofing.
(6) Cooling:
After burning, cooling is done for 3 to 5 days.
(OR)
3 to 5 days are required for cooling of tiles.
THE
PLEASANT
END

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