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    Coconut

    Uploaded by

    Rushikesh Kshirsagar
    The document provides information on the cultivation of coconuts. It discusses the botanical details of coconuts, including their origin in Southeast Asia. It then covers key points about coconuts such as their fruit and inflorescence type, pollinators, highest producing regions, yield periods and rates. The document also discusses soil requirements, climate needs, fertilizer use, irrigation practices, pests like the rhinoceros beetle and mites, and diseases that affect coconuts. Overall, the document is an overview of coconut cultivation, outlining the botanical characteristics, production practices, and pest and disease management for the crop.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Coconut

    Uploaded by

    Rushikesh Kshirsagar
    52 views15 pages
    The document provides information on the cultivation of coconuts. It discusses the botanical details of coconuts, including their origin in Southeast Asia. It then covers key points about coconuts such as their fruit and inflorescence type, pollinators, highest producing regions, yield periods and rates. The document also discusses soil requirements, climate needs, fertilizer use, irrigation practices, pests like the rhinoceros beetle and mites, and diseases that affect coconuts. Overall, the document is an overview of coconut cultivation, outlining the botanical characteristics, production practices, and pest and disease management for the crop.

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    The document provides information on the cultivation of coconuts. It discusses the botanical details of coconuts, including their origin in Southeast Asia. It then covers key points about coconuts such as their fruit and inflorescence type, pollinators, highest producing regions, yield periods and rates. The document also discusses soil requirements, climate needs, fertilizer use, irrigation practices, pests like the rhinoceros beetle and mites, and diseases that affect coconuts. Overall, the document is an overview of coconut cultivation, outlining the botanical characteristics, production practices, and pest and disease management for the crop.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    52 views15 pages

    Coconut

    Uploaded by

    Rushikesh Kshirsagar
    The document provides information on the cultivation of coconuts. It discusses the botanical details of coconuts, including their origin in Southeast Asia. It then covers key points about coconuts such as their fruit and inflorescence type, pollinators, highest producing regions, yield periods and rates. The document also discusses soil requirements, climate needs, fertilizer use, irrigation practices, pests like the rhinoceros beetle and mites, and diseases that affect coconuts. Overall, the document is an overview of coconut cultivation, outlining the botanical characteristics, production practices, and pest and disease management for the crop.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    CULTIVATION OF COCONUT

    Botanical Name: Cocos nucifera


    Family: Arecaceae / Palmae
    Origin: South East Asia
    Chromosome No : 2n= 32
    KEY POINTS
    • It is also known as kalpavriksha/Tree of heaven.
    • Type of fruit- Drupe
    • Type of inflorescence – Spadix
    • Pollinating agent: wind and insects
    • Highest production- Kerala
    • Highest productivity- Lakshadweep
    • Total no of spadix produce per annum- 12 to 15
    • Period from spadix initiation to ripening of nuts-11 to
    12 months.
    • Spadix- The inflorescence of coconut is enclosed in
    double sheath, the whole structure is known as spadix,
    which is born singly in the axil of each leaf.
    • Coconut oil contain Lauric acid.
    • Coir is obtained from mesocarp.
    • Coir: Natural fiber extracted from the husk of
    coconut.
    Soil:
    • Coconut thrives well in well drained-coastal sand,
    red loam soil.
    • Soil pH 5.0 to 6.5
    • Water logged soils are not suitable.
    • Soil should have a good drainage capacity.
    Climate:
    • Optimum temperature for growth and productivity is
    about 27°C.
    • Very low humidity and hot dry winds are harmful.
    • The coconut palm grows well upto an elevation of
    600 m above MSL.
    Manures & Fertilizer application:
    • Palms having age 5 years and more –
    FYM- 50 kg/plant/yr.
    N - 1 kg
    P - 500 gm
    K - 1 kg

    Irrigation:
    • It require 30 lit. water/day/palm.
    Harvesting:
    • Fruits are harvested within 11 to 12 months
    from fruit set.

    Yield:
    Tall varieties- 60-80 nut/palm/year
    Hybrid varieties- 100-150 nuts/palm/year
    Average yield- 45-50 nuts/palm/year
    PEST OF COCONUT
    1. Rhinoceros beetle: Oryctes rhinoceros
    • The attack of this pest is occure round the year,
    but severe in the onset of monsoon.
    Symptoms:
    • The adult beetle bores into the unopened
    fronds .
    • The attack fronds when fully opened shows
    characteristics of triangular cuts.
    • Central spindle appears cut or topple.
    • Holes at the base of central spindle.
    Control measures:
    • Collect and destroy the various bio stages of
    beetle from the manure pit.
    • Remove and burn all dead coconut trees in the
    garden to maintain good sanitation.
    • Set up the light traps in summer and monsoon
    period to attract the adult beetle.
    • Place phorate 10 G 5gm in two innermost leaf
    axils for two times at six months interval.
    • Setup pheromone trap @ 5 traps/ha to kill beetles.
    2. Eriophyid mite: Aceria guerreronis
    • Mites are usually found in bracts of fertilized female
    flower and do not infest the unfertilized flowers.
    • Mites are very minutes i.e. 200-250 micron in length.
    • Life cycle is completed in 7-10 days.
    Symptoms:
    • Oozing of gummy exudation from the affected surface of
    the nuts.
    • Uneven growth results in stunted and distortion of nuts.
    Control measures:
    • Collect and destroy all the fallen nuts of affected palm.
    • Application of monocrotophos @ 2ml/lit.
    • Root feeding of econeem plus @2ml in 10 lit of water.
    • Application of neem cake @ 5 kg/pal/year
    3. Red palm weevil: Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
    Symptoms:
    • The holes can be seen on stem with chew up fibres.
    • Many time reddish brown liquid can be seen oozing out from
    the hole.
    • It cause damage inside the stem by feeding on soft tissues.
    Control measures:
    • Avoid cutting of green leaves. if needed, they should be cut
    about 120 cm away from the stem in order to prevent inward
    movement of grubs through cut end.
    • Remove and burn all wilting/damage palm in coconut
    garden.
    • Fill the crown with sand and neem seed powder (2:1
    proportion)
    Diseases:
    1.Bud rot
    2. Leaf rot
    3. Stem bleeding
    THANK YOU

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