Abbreviations and Symbols

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH (HPSF), MUAR

Terbitan 2022
This is not to be regarded as a complete list although every attempt has been made to make it comprehensive.
There are often variations between hospitals in the use of abbreviations.
A
A-P. / A.P Antero-Posterior or Abdominal-Peritoneal
a.c. (ante cibum) Before Meals
A.H. Every Other Hour (From Latin Alternis Horis)
A/B Acid-Base Ratio
A/biotic Antibiotic
A/C Assist / Control
A/E Air Entry
A/G Albumin-Globulin (ratio)
A/G Abdominal Girth
A-PD Antero-Posterior Diameter
A-R Pulse Apical-Radial Pulse
A/S Apgar Score
A/W Abrasion Wound
a/w Associated with
A&E Accident & Emergency
A&O Alert and Oriented
A&P Anterior and Posterior
A&P Auscultation and Percussion
A&W Alive and Well
A1c Glycated Haemoglobin
A2 Aortic Second Sound
A-Fib Atrial Fibrillation (irregular heartbeat)
Aa Of Each
AA Alcoholic Anonymous
AA Amino Acid
AAA Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
AACG Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma
AAL Anterior Axillary Line
AAOx3 Awake, Alert and Orientated to Person, Place, and Time
AAPMC Antibiotic-Associated Pseudomembranous Colitis
AARD Atlantoaxial Rotatory Displacement
AAT Activity as Tolerated
AB Asthmatic Bronchitis
Ab Antibody
Ab Antibiotics
AB neg or AB -ve Blood Group AB Negative
AB Pos or AB +ve Blood Group AB Positive
ABC Advance Breast Cancer
ABC Airway -Breathing-Circulation
ABC Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
ABC Aspiration Biopsy Cytology
ABCD Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability
ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 1

ABCD Asymmetry, Borders, Colour, Diameter
ABD Acute Behavioral Disturbance
ABD Abdomen, Abdominal, Abduction
Abdo Abdomen
ABE Acute Bacterial Endocarditis
ABG Arterial Blood Gas
ABG Alveolar Bone Grafting
ABI Acquired Brain Injury
ABL Anthropological Base Line
ABMT Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation
Abn Abnormal
ABO ABO Blood group
ABO Absent Bed Occupant
Abort Abortion
ABP Arterial Blood Pressure
ABPA Allergic Broncho-Pulmonary Aspergillosis
ABPI Ankle Branchial Pressure Index
ABPM Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
ABSI Ankle Brachial Systolic Index
Abx Antibiotic
Ac Acute
AC MODE Assist Control Mode
AC&BC Air Conduction and Bone Conduction, As in Weber Test
AcB Aortocoronary Bypass
ACBT Active Cycle Breathing Technique
ACC Ambulatory Care Unit / Ambulatory Care Centre
Accom Accommodation
ACCU Acute Coronary Care Unit
ACDF Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
ACG Acute Closure Glaucoma
ACH After Coming Head
Acid P’tase Acid Phosphatase
ACL Anterior Cruciate Ligament
ACLS Advanced Cardiac Life Support
ACP Acid Phosphatase
Acq Acquired
ACS Acute Coronary Syndrome
ACTH Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
AD Alzheimer’s Disease
AD Right Ear (Auris Dextra)
Ad Lib As Desired (From Latin Ad Libitum)
Ad Lib As Much As Needed
ADA Adenosine Deaminase
ADC Antibody-Drug Conjugates
ADC Aids Dementia Complex
ADCC Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity
ADD Attention Deficit Disorder
Add Adduction
ADED Advanced Diabetic Eye Disease
ADEM Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
Adenoca Adenocarcinoma
ADH Anti-diuretic Hormone
ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
ADHR Autosomal-Dominant Hypophosphatemia Rickets
ADL Activities of Daily Living

Adm Admission
And Adnexae (For Example, Adnexae of the Uterus)
ADP Adenosine Diphosphate
ADPKD Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
ADR Adverse Drug Reaction / Acute Dystonic Reaction
AE Above Elbow
AEBA Acute Exacerbation of Bronchial Asthma
AECOAD Acute Exacerbation Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease
AECOPD Acute Exacerbation Chronic of Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
AED Antiepileptic Drug
AED Automated External Defibrillator
AEG Air Encephalography
AEM Ambulatory Electrocardiogram Monitoring
AEPOP Above Elbow Plaster of Paris
aet (aetas) Aged
AF Acid Fast/ Aorto-Femoral
AF Atrial Fibrillation / Anterior Fontanelle
AFB Acid Fast Bacillus, Tuberculosis
AFE Amniotic Fluid Embolism
AFI Amniotic Fluid Index
AFNT Anterior Fontanel Not Tensed
AFO Ankle Foot Orthosis
AFP Alpha-Fetoprotein
Ag Antigen
AG Abdominal Girth
AGA Appropriate for Gestational Age (size)
AGC Atypical Glandular Cells
AGE Acute Gastro-Enteritis
AGN Acute Glomerulo-Nephritis
AH Auditory Hallucination
AHD Auto-Immune Haemolytic Disease
AHF Antihemophilic Factor
AHG Antihemophilic Globulin
AHH Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase
AHI Apnea / Hypopnea index
AHR Airway Hyper-Reactivity
AI Aortic Insufficiency
AICD Automated Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator
AID Acute Infectious Disease, Artificial Insemination Donor
AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
AIH Artificial Insemination by Husband
AIHA Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
AIHD Acquired Immune Hemolytic Disease
AIHD Artificial Insemination by Pooled Husband and Donor Semen
AIMS Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale
AIN Acute Interstitial Nephritis
AION Arterial Insufficiency Optic Neuropathy
AIS Adenocarcinoma in Situ
AJ Ankle Jerk
AK Above Knee
AKA Above Knee Amputation
AKI Acute Kidney Injury
ALA Aminolaevulinic Acid
Alb Albumin
Alc Alcohol

ALG Antilymphocyte Globulin
ALI Acute Lung Injury
Alk P’tase Alkaline Phosphatase
ALL Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
ALP Alkaline Phosphatase
ALPS Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome
ALS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s Disease)
ALS Advanced Life Support
Alt. dieb (alternis diebus)Every Other Day
Alt. hor (alternis horis) Every Other Hour
Alt. noct. (alternis noctis) Every Other Night
ALT Alanine Aminotransferase
ALTB Acute Laryngo-Trachea Bronchitis
ALTE Acute Life-Threatening Event
AMA Against Medical Advice
AMC Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
AMI Acute Myocardial Infarction
AML Acute Myeloid Leukemia / Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Amp Amputation
Amph Amphetamine
Amt. Amount
AN Ante-Natal
ANA Antinuclear Antibody
ANC Ante-Natal Clinic / Care
ANCA Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody
ANDI Aberrations of Normal Development and Involution (of Breast)
ANF Antinuclear Factor
Angio Angiography
ANP Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
ANS Autonomic Nervous System
Ant Anterior
Ante Before
ANTR Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex
ANUG Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
AOB Alcohol on Breath
AODM Adult-Onset Diabetes Mellitus (Now Called Diabetes Mellitus Type 2)
AOM Acute Otitis Media
AOR At Own Risk Discharge
APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II
APC Atrial Premature Contraction
APD Automated Peritoneal Dialysis
APGAR Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration - Used to Assess Newborns
APH Ante-Partum Haemorrhage
APLS Antiphospholipid Syndrome
APM Anterio Poliomyelitis
APML Acute Promyelocytic Myeloid Leukaemia
APO Acute Pulmonary Oedema
Appt. Appointment
APR Abdominal Perineal Resection
APT Alum Precipitated Toxoid
APTT Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time
APW Alkaline Peptone Water
aq. (aqua) Water
aq. Dist. Distilled Water
AR Aortic Regurgitation

AR Anterior Resection
AR Allergic Rhinitis
ARA Anorectal Anomaly
ARC Anomalous Retinal Correspondence
ARDS Acute/Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
ARF Acute Renal Failure
ARF Acute Rheumatic Fever
Arg Arginine
ARM Artificial Rupture of Membranes
AROM Active Range of Motion
ARVC Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
ARVD Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
As Arteriosclerotic
AS Aortic Stenosis
AS Apgar Score
AS (Auris Sinstra) Left Ear
ASA Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)
ASAP As Soon as Possible
ASC Ambulatory Surgery Center
ASCAD Arteriosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease
ASCUS Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance
ASCVD Arteriosclerotic Vascular Disease (Arteriosclerosis)
ASD Atrial Septal Defect
ASD Autism Spectrum Disorder
ASGUS Atypical Squamous Glandular Cells of Undetermined Significance
ASHD Arteriosclerotic Heart Disease
ASIS Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
ASM Anti-Smooth Muscle
ASO(T) Antistretolysin/ Antitretokinase O (Titre)
ASOM Acute Suppurative Otitis Media
ASP Aspirate / Aspiration
Ass Assessment
Assoc’d Associated with
Asst. Assistant
AST Aspartate Transaminase
Asx Asymptomatic
ATG Antithymic Globulin
ATN Acute Tubular Necrosis
ATNR Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex
ATRA All-Trans Retinoic Acid
ATS Anti-Tetanus Serum
ATS Amphetamine-Type Stimulants
ATT Anti Tetanus Toxoid
AU Both Ears (Aures Unitas)
AUC Area Under the Curve (Pharmacology)
AUR Acute Urinary Retention
AUS Anterior Upper Segment
AV Arteriovenous / Atrioventricular
AVB Atrioventricular Block
AVF Acute Ventricular Failure
AVM Arteriovenous Malformation
AVN Acute Vascular Necrosis
AVR Aortic Valve Replacement
AVRT AtrioVentricular Reentry Tachycardia
AVS Aortic Valve Stenosis

AVSD Atrioventricular Septal Defect
Ax Axillary
AXR Abdominal X-Ray
AZ Aschheim-Zondek (Test)
Azt Azidothymidine
B
B Bilateral
B-ALL B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
B-E Below the Elbow Amputation
B/L Bilateral
B/O Baby of
B/S Bishop Score
BA Bronchial asthma
Ba. E Barium Enema
Ba. M. Barium Meal
Bab Babinski (Reflex or Sign)
BAC Blood Alcohol Content/ Concentration
BAC Bronchoalveolar Carcinoma
BAD Bipolar Affective Disorder
BAI Basilar Artery Insufficiency
BAL Blood Alcohol Level
BAL Bronchoalveolar Lavage
BAO Basic Acid Output
BAP Bilateral Antral Puncture
BAT Brown Adipose Tissue
BAWO Bilateral Antral Washout
BB Bed Bureau
BBA Born Before Arrival
BBB Bundle Branch Block
BBB L Left Bundle Branch Block
BBB R Right Bundle Branch Block
BBF Branchiobasilic Fistula
BBS Buried Bumper Syndrome
BBV Blood-Borne Virus
BC Birth Control
BC Basal Cistern
BC Blood Culture
BC Buccal Cellulitis
BCC Basal Cell Carcinoma
BCD Basal Cell Dysplasia
BCF Bilateral ClubFoot
BCF Brachiocephalic Fistula
BCF Bulbocavernosus Reflex
BCG Bacillus Calmette Guerin
BCHA Bone Conduction Hearing Aid
BCL Bandage Contact Lens
BCLP Bilateral Cleft Lip Palate
BCLS Basic Cardiac Life Support
BCP Birth Control Pill
BCR Bulbocavernosus Reflex
BCV Brachiocephalic Vein

BCX Blood Culture
bd. Or bid (bis in die) Twice Daily
BD Bipolar Disorder
BD / BID Bis in Die, Twice Daily
BDD Body Dysmorphic Disorder
BDI Beck Depression Inventory
BDNF Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
BDR Background Diabetic Retinopathy
BE Barium Enema
BE Below Elbow
BEA Below Elbow Amputation
BEL Breech, Extended Legs
BESS Biportal Endoscopic Spinal Surgery
Bet Betamethasone
Bet N Betamethasone Neomycin
betw between
BF Breast Feeding
BFL Breech, Flexed Legas
BFMP Blood Film for Malaria Parasite
BFNS Benign Familial Neonatal Seizures
BFOD Breastfeeding on Demand
BFP Bundle Forming Pilus
BGAT Blood Glucose Awareness Training (To help patients with
Diabetic Hypoglycemia)
BGL Blood Glucose Level
BH Blot Hemorrhage
BHCG Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
BHIT Bilateral Hypertrophic Inferior Turbinates
BI Bone Injury
bib (bibe) Drink
BIBA Brought in By Ambulance
BIBAP Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure
BID Brought in Dead
BIH Benign Intracranial Hypertension
Bilat. Bilateral
Bilat Eq Bilaterally Equal
BINA Bilateral Intranasal Antrostomy
BIND Score Bilirubin Induced Neurological Dysfunction Score
BINP Bilateral Intranasal Polypectomy
BiPAP Bilevel Airway Positive Airway Pressure
BITH Bilateral Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy
BiVAD Bilateral Ventricular Assist Device (Left and Right)
BJM Bone, Joint, Muscles
BJP Bence Jones Protein
BK Below Knee
BKA Below Knee Amputation
Bld Blood
Bld Ix Blood Investigation
Bld stained Blood Stained
B-LPD B-cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders
BLS Basic Life Support
BM Blood Monitoring
BM Bone Marrow or Bowel Movement
BM Bowel Movement
BMA British Medical Association

BMA Bone Marrow Aspiration
BMC Bone Mineral Content
BMD Bipolar Mood Disorder
BMD Bone Mineral Density
BMI Body Mass Index
BMJ British Medical Journal
BMR Basal Metabolic Rate
BMT Bone Marrow Transplant
BNF British National Formulary
BNI Bladder Neck Insertion
BNO Bowel Not Open
BNP Brain Natriuretic Peptide
BO Bowel Opened
BO Bowel Output
BOA Behavioral Audiometry
BOA Born Out of Asepsis
BOH Bad Obstetric History
BOI Born On Island
BOLD Blood Oxygen Level Dependent
BOM Bilateral Otitis Media
BOO Bladder Outlet Obstruction
BOOP Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia
BOR Bowels Opened Regularly
BOV Board of Visitors
BP Blood Pressure
BP Brachial Plexus
BP British Pharmacopoeia
BpAD Bipolar Affective Disorder
BPAP Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure
BPC British Pharmaceutical Codex
BPD Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
BPD Biparietal Diameter
BPD Borderline Personality Disorder
BPH Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
BPH Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
BPI Blood Pressure Index
BPI Brachial Plexus Injury
BPM Beat / Breath Per Minute
BPPU Benign Paroxysmal Postural
BPPV Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
BPRS Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale
BPSD Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia
BPU Bleeding Peptic Ulcer
BPTB Bone-Patellar – Tendon - Bone
BPV Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo
Bq Becquerel
BR Bedrest
Br. Breech
BRA Bilateral Renal Agenesis
BRAO Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion
BRB Bright Red Blood
BRBPR Bright Red Blood Per Rectum
BRM Biological Response Modifier
BRONJ Bisphosphonate Related Osteonecrosis of Jaw
BrS Bragada Syndrome

BRVO Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
BS Bowel/ Breath Sounds
BSA Body Surface Area
BSC Bedside Commode
BSC Best Supportive Care
BSE Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
BSE Breast Self-Examination
BSER Brain Stem Evoked response
BSL Blood Sugar Level
BSO Bilateral Salpingo Oophorectomy
BSP Blood Sugar Profile
BSR Blood Sedimentation Rate
BSS Brown Sequard Syndrome
BSSO Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy
BSV Binocular Single Vision
BT Blalock Taussig (Shunt)
BT Bleeding Time
BTB Bone Tendon Bone
BTD Bilateral Tubal Diathermy
BTE Behind the Ear (heading aids)
B Thal Beta Thalassemia
BTL Bilateral Tubal Litigation
BTP Breakthrough Pain
BU Blood Urea
BUCr Blood Urea and Creatinine
BUN Blood Urea Nitrogen
BUSE Blood Urea Serum Electrolyte
BV Bacterial Vaginosis
BVF Biventricular Failure
BVP Biventricular Pacing
BW Birth Weight
BW Body Weight
BWS Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
BX Biopsy
BZDS Benzodiazepines
C
ĉ With
c Close
C Centigrade, Celsius
C Cephalic
C Child
C/F Chills, Fever
C/S Caesarean Section
C-spine Cervical Spine
c/o Complaint of
c/over Carry Over
C/Tube Chest tube
C/W Consistent/ Continue with
C&S Culture and Sensitivity
C# Cervical Fracture
C1 Atlas - First Cervical Vertebra of the Spine

C1, C2, C3 etc First Cervical Vertebra, Second Etc.
C2 Axis - Second Cervical Vertebra of the Spine
C.diphtheriae Corynebacterium Diphtheriae
C.neoformans Cryptococcus Neoformans
C.perfringens Clostridium Sporogeneses
Ca Calcium
CA Carcinoma / Cancer
CA Cardiac Arrest
CA Chronological Age
CA Contrast Angiography
Ca2+ Calcification
CAA Congenital Aural Atresia
CAB Circulation-Airway-Breathing
CABG Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
CABP Coronary Artery Bypass Procedure
CACG Chronic Angle Closure Glaucoma
CACI Collagen membrane Cover Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
CACP Camptodactyly Arthropathy Coxa Vara Pericarditis Syndrome
CAD Chronic Actinic Dermatitis
CAD Coronary Artery Disease
CADASIL Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and
Leukoencephalopathy
CAG Coronary Artery Angiography
CAH Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
CAH Chronic Active Hepatitis
CAIS Congenital Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
CALGB Cancer and Leukemia Group B
CAM Complementary and Alternative Medicine
CAMP Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
CAN Cord Around Neck
CAP Community Acquired Pneumonia
Cap SB Capillary Serum Bilirubin
CAPD Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis / Continuous Abdominal Peritoneal
Dialysis
Caps Capsule
Carb Carbohydrate
CARS Childhood Autism Rating Scale
CAT Computerized Axial Tomography
CAT Combined Approach Tympanoplasty
Cath Catheter
CAUTI Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
CAVC Complete Atrioventricular Canal
CBC Complete Blood Count
CBCT Cone Beam Computed Tomography
CBC and Diff. Complete Blood Count and Differential
CBD Common Bile Duct
CBD Continuous Bladder Drainage
CBF Cerebral Blood Flow
CBG Capillary Blood Glucose
CBP Chronic Back Pain
CBS Capillary Blood Sugar
CBS Chronic Brain Syndrome
CBS Clot Burden Score
CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
cc Cubic Centimeter

CC Cerebral Concussion
CC Chief Complaint
CC Clomiphene Citrate
CC Critical Care
CCA Congenital Contractual Arachnodactyly
CCAM Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation
CCAML Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of The Lung
CCD Congenital Chloride Diarrhea
CCE Clubbing, Cyanosis, And Edema (General Signs of Cardiovascular Disease)
CCF Congestive Cardiac Failure
CCK Cholecystokinin
CCK-PZ Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin
CCL Cardiac Cycle Length
Ccl Creatine Clearance (Test)
CCPD Continuous Cycle Peritoneal Dialysis
CCR Cardio Cerebral Resuscitation
CCR Continuous Complete Remission
CCRT Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy
CCS Central Cord Syndrome
CCU Coronary / Cardiac Care Unit
CCU Clean Catch Urine
CD Chemical Dependency
CD Crohn's Disease
CDA Congenital Deficiency Anaemia
CDC Comprehensive Dental Care
CDC Child Development Centre
CDCR Conjunctivocystorhinostomy, Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy
CDH Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
CDH Congenital Dislocated Hip
CDI Children’s Depression Inventory
CDI Clostridium Difficile Infection
CdLS Cornelia de Lange Syndrome
CDP Cytosine Diphosphate
CD-ROM Compact Disc Read Only Memory
CD-RW Compact Disc Read Written (Recordable)
CE Cardiac Enzymes
CE Cystoscopy Examination
CE FAST Contrast Enhanced Fourier Acquired Steady State Technique
CEA Carcinoembryonic Antigen
CEA Carotid Endarterectomy
CEA Cost Effectiveness Analysis
CEJ Cementoenamel Junction
Ceph Cephalic
Ceph. Floc Cephalin Flocculation Test
CES Cauda Equina Syndrome
CEST Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer
CF Cerebral Fluid
CF Clear Fluid
CF Counting Fingers
CF Cup Feeding
CF Cystic Fibrosis
CFA Common Femoral Artery
CFIDS Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome
CFL calcaneofibular Ligament
CFS Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

CFT Complement Fixation Testing
CFTR Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator
CGL Chronic Granulomatous Disease
CGMP Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate
CGN Chronic Glomerulonephritis
CGY Centi-gray (Unit of radiation)
CH Cerebral Hemorrhage
CH Chronic Hepatitis
CH Cluster Headache
CH Congenital Hypothyroidism
CHAD Chronic High Aggression Disruption
CHB Complete/ Congenital Heart Block
CHD Coronary/ Congenital Heart Disease
CHD Common hepatic duct
CHD Congenital Hip Dysplasia
Che Cholinesterase
CHEM-20 A Group of Blood Tests (Albumin, Alkaline Phosphatase, Alanine Transaminase,
Aspartate Aminotransferase, Serum Chloride, Carbon Dioxide, Creatinine, Direct
Bilirubin, Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Phosphorus -
Serum, Potassium Test, Serum Sodium, Total Bilirubin)
CHEM-7 A Group of Blood Tests, commonly called A Basic Metabolic Panel (Blood Urea
Nitro Chloride, Serum Potassium, Serum Sodium)
CHF Congestive Heart Failure
CHL Conductive Hearing Loss
CHO Carbohydrate
Chol Cholesterol
CHS Cannulated Hip Screw
Cht Chemotherapy
CHT Congenital Hypothyroidism
CHX Chlorhexidine
CI Cardiac index
CI Continuous Infusion
CI Cytoplasmic Incompatibility
CIBD Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease
CIC Clean Intermittent Catheterization
CIC Completely in the Canal (hearing aid)
CICU Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
CIDP Cervical Intervertebral Disk Prolapse
CIDP Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
CIGN Cervical Intraepithelial Glandular Neoplasia
CIMT Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
CIN Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
CINV Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting
CIPC Critical Illness Polyneuropathy
Circ Circumcision
Circa About
CIS Carcinoma in Situ
CIS Clinically Isolated Syndrome
CISC Clean Intermittent Self-Catheterization
CITP Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
CJD Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
CK Creatine Kinase
CK-MB Creatine Kinase-MB
CKD Chronic Kidney Disease
Cl Chloride

CL Cervical Length
CL Clear Liquor
CL Contact Lens
CLABSI Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection
CLD Chronic Liver Disease
CLF Chronic Liver Failure
CLL Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
CLP Cleft Lip with Cleft Palate
CM Cephalomedullary
CM Cisterna Magna
CM Coming Morning
Cm. Centimeter
CMC Carpometacarpal
CMCJ Carpometacarpal Joint
CMD Chronic Myeloid Disorder
CMD Congenital Muscular Dystrophy
CMD Coronary Microvascular Disease
CMD Common Mental Disorder
CME Continuing Medical Education
CME, CMO Cystoid Macular Edema/ Oedema
CMF Craniomaxillofacial
CMF Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate and Fluorouracil
CML Chronic Myeloid / Myelogenous Leukemia
CMML Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia
CMP Comprehensive Metabolic Panel
CMP Cytidine Monophosphate
CMPA Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy
CMR Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
CMR Closed Manual Reduction
CMS Chronic Mountain Sickness
CMT Cervical Motion Tenderness
CMV Cytomegalovirus
CMV Continuous Mandatory Ventilation
CN Cranial Nerves
CNR Contrast to Noise Ratio
CNS Central Nervous System
CO Carbon Monoxide
CO Cardiac Output
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
COA Coarctation of Aorta
COAD Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease
COC Combined Oral Contraceptives
COCP Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill
Co-Cr Cobalt-Chromium
COD Cause of Death
COG Centre of Gravity
COH Circumference of Head
COI Conflict Of Interest
COJ Cardio-Oesophageal Junction
COLD Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
COM Chronic Otitis Media
comm Communication
Comp Compound
Conc Concentration
Conj. Conjunctive

cont. Continue
Cont. Rx Continue Treatment
conv. Convergence
COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
CORA Centre Of Rotation of Angulation
COROS Coronary Angiogram
COS Change of Stent
COTDS Computer Operations Theatre Data System
Covid-19 Coronavirus Disease 2019
COX Cyclooxygenase
COX-1 Cyclooxygenase 1
CP Cerebral Palsy
CP Chest Pain
CPA Cerebellopontine Angle
CPAM Congenital Pulmonary Adenomatoid Malformation
CPAP Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
CPAS Cerebellopontine Angle Syndrome
CPB Cardiopulmonary Bypass
CPC Clinical Pathological Conference
CPD Cephalopelvic Disproportion
CPD Chronic Platelet Disorders
CPE Clostridium Perfringens Enterotoxin
CPFE Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis with Emphysema
CPG Clinical Practice Guidelines
CPK Creatinine Phosphokinase
CPM Continuous Passive Motion
CPM Cyclophosphamide
CPN Common Peroneal Nerve
CPP Cerebral Perfusion Pressure
CPPB Continuous Positive Pressure Breathing
CPPV Continuous Positive Pressure Ventilation
CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
CPRS Conner’s Parent Rating Scale
CPT Collarless Polished Tapered
CPU Community Psychiatry Unit
CPZ Chlorpromazine
CR Case Report
CR Cerebral Resuscitation
CR Composite Restoration
CR Complete Remission
CR Computed Radiography
CR Continuing Review
CR Cruciate Retaining
Cr Creatine
CRA Clinical Research Associate
CRBSI Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection
CRAO Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
CRC Colorectal Cancer
CRCL Creatinine Clearance
CRE Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Crem Cream, Cremation
Creps Crepitations

CREST Calcinosis, Raynaud Phenomenon, Esophagus Dysmotility, Sclerodactyly,
Telangiectasia
CRF Case Report Form
CRF Chronic Renal Failure
CRF Close Reduction & Fixation
CRGA Convert Regional General Anaesthesia
CRH Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
CRHD Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease
CRI Chronic Renal Insufficiency
CRIB Complete Rest in Bed
CRIB Clinical Risk Index for Babies
CRIF Closed Reduction Internal Fixation
CRL Crown - Rump Length
CRN Cerebral Radiation Necrosis
CROW Charcot Restraint Orthotic Walker
CRP C-Reactive Protein
CRPS Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
CRS Child Response Sheet
CRT Capillary Refill time
CRT Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (Artificial Pacemaker)
CRRT Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
CRVO Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Cryo/Cryoppt Cryoprecipitate
CS Caesarean Section
CsA Ciclosporin A
CSD Cardiac Support Device
CSE Conventional Spin-Echo
CSF Colony-Stimulating Factor
CSF Cerebrospinal Fluid
CSM/ CCSM Cervical Spondylomyelopathy
CSME/ CSMO Clinically Significant Macular Edema/ Oedema
CSOM Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
CSP Caesarean Scar Pregnancy
CSR/ CSCR Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
CSS Churg-Strauss Syndrome
CSSD Central Sterile Supply Department
CST Continue Same Treatment
CST Convulsive Shock Therapy
CSU Catheter Specimen of Urine
C-Spine Cervical Spine
CT Chemotherapy
CT Chromium Tagged
CT Computerized Tomography
CTA Clear to Auscultation
CTA Computed Tomography Angiogram
CTC Common Toxicity Criteria
CTCL Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
CTD Carpal Tunnel Decompression
CTDI Computed Tomography Dose Index
CTEV Congenital Talipes Equinovarus
CTG Cardiotocography
CTO Cervicothoracic Orthosis
CTO Chronic Total Occlusion
CTp Cytidine Triphosphate
CTP Computed Tomography Perfusion

CTR Carpal Tunnel Release
CTS Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
CTS Computed Tomography Scan
CTS Cardiothoracic Surgery
CTSI Computed Tomography Severity Index
CTU Cancer Treatment Unit
CTU CT Urethrogram
CTV CT Venography
Ctx Contractions/ Cervical Traction
CV Cardiovascular
CVA Cerebrovascular Accident or Costovertebral Angle
CVA Cardiovascular Accident
CVAT Costovertebral Angle Tenderness
CVC Central Venous Catheter
CVC Chronic Venous Congestion
CVD Cardiovascular Disease
CVI Cerebrovascular Incident
CVID Common Variable Immunodeficiency
CVL Central Venous Line
CVO Central Venous Obstruction
CVP Central Venous Pressure
CVS Cardiovascular System
CVT Congenital Vertical Talus
CVVH Continuous Ven Venous Hemofiltration
CVVHD Continuous Ven Venous Hemodialysis
CVVHDF Continuous Ven Venous Hemodiafiltration
CW Current Weight
CWP Coal’s Worker Pneumoconiosis
CWS Cotton Wool Spot
Cx. Cervix
cx Microbiological Culture
CXR Chest X-ray
cyl Cylinder
D
DS Diagnosis
D Day(s)
D Distal
D Diopter
D-dimer Fibrin Degradation Product
D/C Distal Circulation
D/C Discharge
D/C Discontinue
D/D Diabetic Diet
D/E Distal End
D/S Dextrose Saline
D/T Distal to
D/T Due to
D/T Drainage Tube
D/w Discuss with
D&C Dilatation and Curettage
D&E Dilatation and Evacuation

D&F Disc and Fundus
D&I Dilatation and Insufflation
D&V Diarrhea and Vomiting
D1, D2, D3 First Dorsal Vertebra, Second Etc.
D5% Dextrose 5%
D5W 5% Dextrose in Water
DA Dopamine
DAA Direct Anterior Approach
DAEC Diffusely Adherent Escherichia Coli
DAI Diffuse Axonal Injury
DALK Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
DALY Disability-Adjusted Life Year
DAP Dose Area Product
DAPD Daytime Abdominal Peritoneal Dialysis
DAR Detachable Arm Rest
DAT Direct Antiglobulin
DAT Diet as Tolerated
DAVF Dural Arteriovenous Fistula
DAVM Dural Arteriovenous Malformation
db, dB Decibel
DBE Dilated Both Eye
dBHL Decibels Hearing Level
DBM Demineralized Bone Matrix
dBnHL Decibel Above Normal Adult Hearing Level
DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure
DBS Deep Brain Stimulation
DBT Dialectical Behavioral Therapy
DC Diagonal Conjugate
DC Diopter Cylinder
DC Diet Control
DC Direct current
DC, D/C Discharge or Discontinue
DCBE Double Contrast Barium Enema
DCDA Dichorionic Diamniotic
DCE Dynamic Contrast Enhancement
DCH Diffuse Cerebral Hypoxia
DCIS Ductal Carcinoma in Situ
DCM Dilated Cardiomyopathy
DCO Damage Control Orthopedics
DCP Distal Carpal Phalangeal
DCP Dynamic Compression Plate
Dcr Dacrocryorhinocystectomy
Dcr Dacryocystorhinostomy
DCS Dynamic Compression Screw
Dd Deep Absorbed Dose
DD, DDx Differential Diagnosis
DD&C Diagnostic Dilatation and Curettage
DD&C Diagnostic Dilatation & Screw
DDA Dangerous Drug Act
DDD Degenerative Disc Disease
DDD Daily Defined Doses
DDH Dysplasia Dislocation of Hip
DDK Dysdiadochokinesia
DDR Direct Digital Radiography
DDR Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs

DDS Doctor of Dental Surgery
DDx Differential Diagnosis
DEB Drug-eluting Balloon
DED Diabetic Eye Disease
DEF Decayed, Extracted, or Filled
Defib Defibrillation
DES Diethylstilbestrol
DES Drug Eluting Stent
Dexa Dexamethasone
DEXA, DXA Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
DE prep Driven Equilibrium Magnetisation Preparation
DF Direct feeding
DF Distal Femur
DF Dengue Fever
Df Dorsiflexion
DF Decayed and Filled
DFA Direct Fluorescence Antibody
DFI Disease Free Interval
DFN Distal Femoral Nails
Dfo Deferoxamine
DFO Distal Femoral Osteotomy
DFPP Double Filtration Plasmapheresis
DFR Distal Femur Replacement
DFU Diabetic Foot Ulcer
DH Developmental History
DH Dot Haemorrhage
DHE Dihydroergotamine
DHEA-S Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate
DHF Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
DHF Decompensated Heart Failure
DHS Dynamic Hip Screw
DI Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
DI Diabetes Insipidus
DIB Death In Bed
DIC Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy/Coagulation
DID Death In Department
DIF Direct Immunofluorescence
Diff Differential White Blood Count
dil. Dilute
DIL dangerously Ill List
DIL Death In Line
DILI Drug-Induced Liver Injury
DIPJ Distal Interphalangeal Joint
DiPerTe Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (Combined Vaccination)
Dis Dislocation
disc. Discontinue
DISH Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
DISI Distal Intercalated Segmental Instability
DiTe Diphtheria-Tetanus (Combined Vaccination)
DIU Death In Utero (Stillbirth)
DIVC Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
DJD Degenerative Joint Disease (Osteoarthritis)
DKA Diabetic Ketoacidosis
DKC Dyskeratosis Congenita
dL Deciliter

DLBCL Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
DLE Disseminated Lupus Erythematosus
DLE Dilate Left Eye
DLP Dose Length Product
DLP Dyslipoproteinaemia
DLS Date Last Seen
DLS Direct Laryngoscopy
DLT Dose Limiting Toxicity
DM Diabetes Mellitus
DM TYPE 1 Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
DM TYPE 2 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
DMARD Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug
DMD Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
DMO Diabetic Macular Oedema
DMPA Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
DN Diabetic Nephropathy
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA Do Not Attend
DNAR Do Not Attempt Resuscitation
DNI Do Not Intubate
DNR Do Not Resuscitate
DNS Deflected Nasal Septum
dNTP Deoxynucleotide
DO Distraction Osteogenesis
DO Disorder
DOA Date of Admission
DOA Dead on Arrival
DOB Date of Birth
DOD Date of Discharge
DOE Dyspnea on Exertion
DORV Double Outlet Right Ventricle
DOSS Docusate Sodium, Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate
DOT Directly Observed Therapy
DP Dorsalis Pedis
DPA Dorsalis Pedis Artery
DPGN Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis
Dph Diphenylhydantoin
DPL Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage
DPT Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DPT Vaccine)
DQ Deep and Quiet (Anterior Chamber)
DQT De Quervain Tenosynovitis
dr. Dram
Dr Doctor
DR Digital Radiography
DRE Digital Rectal Examination
DRESS Drug Rush with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptom
DRG Diagnosis -Related Group
DRNM Dual Rhythm No Murmur
DRR Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs
DRT Death Right There
DRUJ Distal Radioulnar Joint
DS Detail Scan
DS Disease
DS Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
DS Disseminated Sclerosis

DS Diopter Sphere
DSA Dental Surgery Assistant
DSA Digital Subtraction Angiography
DSAEK Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
DSD Dry Sterile Dressing
DSD Degenerative Spine Disease
dsDNA Double stranded DNA
DSE Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography
DSEK Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty
Dsg Dressing
DSH Deliberate Self Harm
DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
dsRNA Double-Stranded RNA
DSS Dengue Shock Syndrome
DST Dexamethasone Suppression Test
DT Delirium Tremens
DT Diphtheria-Tetanus (Combined Vaccination)
DTA Descending Thoracic Aorta
DTA Deep Transverse Arrest
DTAP Diphtheria-Tetanus-Acellular Pertussis (Combined Vaccination)
DTI Diffusion Tensor Imaging
DTP Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (Combined Vaccination)
DTR Deep Tendon Reflexes
DTs Delirium Tremens
DU Duodenal Ulcer
DUB Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
DV Ductus Venosus
DVD Dissociated Vertical Deviation
DVP Deepest Vertical Pool
DVR Double Valve Replacement
DVT Deep Vein Thrombosis
DW Dextrose in Water
DWI Diffusion-Weighted Imaging
Dx, dx Diagnosis
Dx Digital X-Ray
DXR Deep X-Ray
DXRT Deep X-Ray Therapy
dz Disease
E
E Ecstasy
E Electrolytes
E Enterococcus
E Epinephrine
E Esophoria
E short Short Repetition Technique Based on ECHO
E Coli Escherichia Coli
eg Example Given
E/A Elective Admission
E.T Expressive Therapy
E.T Essential Thrombocytosis
E(T) Intermittent Esotropia

E/O Extra-Oral
EAC External Acoustic Meatus
EAC External Auditory Canal
EACA Epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid
EAEC Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli
EAF Enteric Adherence Factor
EAM External Auditory Meatus
EAS External Anal Sphincter
EAUS Endoanal Ultrasound
EBL Estimated Blood Loss
EBM Expressed Breast Milk
EBM Evidence-Based Medicine
EBMT European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
EBRT external beam Radiation Therapy
EBS Emergency Bed Service
EBT Electron Beam Tomography
EBUS Endobronchial Ultrasound
EBV Epstein Barr Virus
EBW Estimated Birth Weight
EC Enteric Coating
EC Eye Contact
ECA Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid
ECA External carotid Artery
ECASA Enteric Coated Acetylsalicylic Acid
ECC Emergency Cardiac Care
ECCE Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction
ECF Extracellular Fluid
ECG/ EKG Electro-Cardiogram
ECHO Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan Virus (Echocardiography)
ECI Febri’s E Causa Ignota (Normally Written as Febri’s E.C.I.)
ECIRS Endoscopic Combined Intrarenal Surgery
ECLS Extracorporeal Life Support
ECM Extracellular Matrix
ECMO Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
EcochG Electrocochleography
ECP Emergency Care Practitioner/ Provider
ECP Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation
ECP External Cardiac Pressure
ECT Electro-Convulsive Therapy
ECV External Cephalic Version
ED Emergency Department
ED Erectile Dysfunction
ED Ectodermal Dysplasia
ED Epithelial Defect
EDC Estimated Date of Confinement
EDC Extensor Digitorum Communis
EDCR Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy
EDD Expected Date of Delivery
EDD Estimated Date of Discharge
EDE Effective Dose Equivalent
EDF End Diastolic Flow (Describing the Flow of Blood Through the Umbilical Artery)
EDH Extradural Hemorrhage
EDH Epidural Hematoma
EDL Extensor Digitorum Longus
EDM Esophageal Doppler Monitor

EDM Early Diastolic Murmur
EDRF Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor
EDTA Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid
EDV End-Diastolic Volume
EE Expressed Emotion
EEE Eastern Equine Encephalitis
EEG Electro-Encephalogram
EENT Ear, Eye, Nose, Throat
EERD Extraesophageal Reflux Disease
EES Erythromycin Ethyl Succinate
Eex Electrodiagnosis
EF Ejection Fraction; Extended Field
EF Extension Fixator
EFA Exploratory Factor Analysis
EFM Electronic Fetal Monitoring, Aka External Fetal Monitoring (Cardiotocograph)
EFS Event-Free Survival
EFW Estimated Fetal Weight
EGA Estimated Gestational Age
EGBUS External Genitalia, Bartholin's Glands, Urethra & Skene's Glands
EGC Early Gastric Cancer
EGD Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
EGF Epidermal Growth Factor
EGFR Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate
EGPA Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
EH Endometrial Hyperplasia
EHEC Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
EHN Early Home Nursing
EIA Enzyme Immunoassay
EIEC Enter Invasive Escherichia Coli
EIMS Epithelioid Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Sarcoma
EJ Elbow Jerk (Triceps Reflex)
EJV External Jugular Vein
EKC Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis
EKG Electrocardiogram
EL Elective
EL Endo Laser
ELBW Extremely Low Birth Weight
ELISA Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
ELLSCS Elective Lower Segment Caesarian Section
ELMS Endoscopic Laryngo Microsurgery
ELT Endoscopic Laser Therapy
elx Elixir
EM Electron Microscope
EM Erythema Multiforme
EMB Endometrial Biopsy
EMB Ethambutol
EMBx Endomyocardial Biopsy
EMC Encephalomyocarditis
EMC Extra Skeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma
EMD Early Morning Discovery
EMD Electromechanical Dissociation
EMF Endomyocardial Fibrosis
EMG Electromyography
EMI Elderly with Mental Illness
EMLSCS Emergency Lower Segment Caesarian Section

EMS Electro Muscle Stimulation
EMU Early Morning Urine
Emul Emulsion
EMUO Early Morning Urine Osmolality
EMV Eyes, Motor, Verbal Response (Glasgow Coma Scale)
ENA Extractable Nuclear Antigen
Endo Endocrine
ENG Electronystagmography
ENMG Electroneuromyography
ENMT Ear, Nose, Mouth and Throat
ENT Ear, Nose and Throat
EOD Every Other Day
EOG Electrooculogram
EOM Extraocular Muscles
EOM Extraocular Movements
EOMI Extraocular Movements Intact
EOS Eosinophil
EP Ectopic Pregnancy
Ep Epilepsy
EPB Extensor Pollicis Brevis
EPC Early Prostate Cancer
EPEC Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli
EPH Edema, Proteinuria, Hypertension
EPI Echo Planar Imaging
epith. Epithelium or Epithelial
EPL Extensor Pollicis Longus
Epo Erythropoietin
EPS Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Eps Electrophysiology
EPT Early Pregnancy Test
EPT Electric Pulp Testing
EPTB Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
ER Emergency Room
ER Estrogen Receptor
ERBF Effective Renal Blood Flow
ERCP Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio- Pancreatography
ERG Electroretinogram
ERM Epiretinal Membrane
ERMS Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
ERPC Evacuation of Retained Products of Conception
ERPF Effective Renal Plasma Flow
ERPOC Evacuation of Retained Products of Conception
ERS Endoscopic Retrograde Sphincterotomy
ERT Estrogen Replacement Therapy
ERYTH Erythromycin
ES (enema saponis) Soap Enema
ESBL Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase
ESHAP Etoposide, Cisplatin, Cytarabine, Methylprednisolone (Chemotherapy Regimen)
ESK Entrance Skin Air Kerma
ESL Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (Also ESWL)
ESM Ejection Systolic Murmur
ESN Educationally Sub-Normal
esp especially
ESP Extrasensory Perception
ESR Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

ESRD End Stage Renal Disease
ESRF End Stage Renal Failure
ESS Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
ESS Empty Sella Syndrome
EST Electroshock Therapy
EST Exercise Stress Test
ESV End-Systolic Volume
ESWL Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (Also ESL) (See Lithotriptor)
ESWT Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy
ET Embryo Transfer
ET Endometrial Thickness
ET Esotropia
ET Endothelin
ET Effort Tolerance
ET Exchange Transfusion
ETA Expected Time Arrival
ETC Early Total Care
ETEC Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
ETL Echo Train Length
ETOH Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)
ETS Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy
ETS Environmental Tobacco Smoke
ETT Endotracheal Tube
EUA Examination Under Anesthetic
EUM Examination Under Microscope
EUM External Urethral Meatus
EUP Extrauterine Pregnancy
EUS Endoscopic Ultrasonography
EVAR Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
EVD Extra Ventricular Drainage
EVF Erythrocyte Volume Fraction (See Hematocrit)
EVL Esophageal Varices Ligation
EWA Examination Without Anesthetic
EWCL Extended Wear Contact Lens
Ex fix External Fixation
Ex Bx Excision Biopsy
exam. Examination
exc Excision
Exp Expiratory
Exp. Lap Exploratory Laparotomy
ext. Extract
F
F Facial
F Fahrenheit
F Father
F Female
F→N Finger-To-Nose Test (One Simple Clinical Test of Motor Coordination)
F-Z Fronto-Zygomatic
F/C Fevers And / Or Chills
F/F Full Upper and Full Lower Denture
F/U or F/up Follow-Up

FA Fatty Acid
FA Fixed Appliance
FAA Functional Ability Assessment
FAC Fetal Abdominal Circumference
FADIR Flexion Adduction Internal Rotation
FAI Femoroacetabular Impingement
FAMMM syndrome Familial Atypical Multiple Mole Melanoma Syndrome
FAP Familial Adenomatous Polyp
FAS Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
FAST Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma
FAT For Aspiratory Technique
Fatsat Fat Saturation
FB Fix Bearing
FB Finger Breadth
FB Foreign Body
FBC Full Blood Count
FBD Functional Bowel Disorder
FBE Full Blood Exam
FBG Fasting Blood Glucose
FBP Full Blood Picture
FBS Failed Back Surgery Syndrome
FBS Fasting Blood Sugar
FBS Fetal Blood Sampling
FC Flow Compensation
FC Functional Class
FCD Fibrocystic Disease
FCD Focal Cortical Dysplasia
FCR Flexor Carpal Radiasis
FCU Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
FD Fibrous Dysplasia
FD Fetal Distress
FDA Food and Drug Administration
FDC Follicular Dendritic Cells
FDF Flexor Digital Profundes
FDG Fluorodeoxyglucose
FDIU Fetal Demise in Utero
FDP Fibrin Degradation Product
FDP Flexor Digitorum Profundus
FDS Flexor Digitorium Superficial
Fe iron (Latin: ferrum)
FEF Forced Expiratory Flow
fem femoral
FEME Full Electrolyte and Microscopic Examination
FEP Free Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin
FESS Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
FEV Forced Expiratory Volume in t second
FEV 1 Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second
FEVR Familial Exudative Vitreo Retinopathy
FF Free Fluids (Non-Thickened Fluids)
FFA Free Fatty Acids
FFA Fundus Fluorescein Angiography
FFE Fast Field Echo
FFN Fetal Fibronectin
FFP Fresh Frozen Plasma
FGS Focal Glomerulosclerosis

FH Fetal Heart
FH Fundal Height
FHCC Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma
FHH Fetal Heart Heard
FHHR Fetal Heart Heard Regular
FHL Flexor Hallucis Longus
FHNH Fetal Heart Not Heard
FHR Fetal Heart Rate
FHS Fetal Heart Sound
FHT Fetal Heart Tones
FHx Family History
FI Faecal Incontinence
Fib Fibula
Fib Fibrillation
FID Focus to Image Distance
FIDS Free Induction Decay Signal
FIFO Fly-in, Fly-Out
Fin Finish
FIO2, FiO2 Fraction Inspired Oxygen
FISH Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization
FITC Fluorescein Isothiocyanate
FKC Fetal Kick Chart
Fl Fluid
FL Fatty Liver
FL Femur Length
fl.oz. Fluid Ounce
Flex. Flexion
Flocc Flocculation
FLP Fasting Lipid Profile
FM Fetal Movement
FM-100 Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test
FMC Fetal Movement Chart
FMF Fetal Movements Felt
FMHx Family History
FMP First Menstrual Period (That Is, Menarche)
FMPA Frankfurt Mandibular Plane Angle
FMRI Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
FNA Fine-Needle Aspiration
FNAB Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy
FNAC Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
FNC Full Nursing Care
FNH Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
FOBT Fecal Occult Blood Test
FOM Floor of Mouth
FPG Fasting Plasma Glucose
FPL Flexor Policies Longus
FRC Functional Residual Capacity
FRDA Friedreich's Ataxia
FROM Full Range of Motion
FRN Fetal Rhabdomyomatous Nephroblastoma
FS Fissure Sealant
FS Form Sign
FSB Fresh Stillbirth
FSBS Finger-Stick Blood Sugar (One Method of Blood Glucose Monitoring)
FSD Focus to Skin Distance

FSE Fetal Scalp Electrode
FSE Fast Spin Echo
FSG Fasting Serum Glucose
FSGN Focal Sclerosing Glomerulonephropathy
FSGS Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
FSH Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
FSL Fasting Serum Lipid
FSM Full Strength Milk
FST Fludrocortisone Suppression Test
Ft. (fiat) Let There Be Made
FT Follow Through (small bowel imaging)
FT Full Term
FTA Failed to Attend
FTA Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody (See Syphilis)
FTA-ABS Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption (See Syphilis)
FTM Fractional Test Meal
FTMH Full Thickness macular Hemorrhages/ hole
FTND Full Term Normal Delivery
FTNL Full Term Normal Labor
FTP Failure to Progress
FTSG Full Thickness Skin Graft
FTSVD Full Term Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery
FTT Failure to Thrive
FU Follow Up
FUO Fever of Unknown Origin
FURS Flexible Ureterorenoscopy
FV Femoral Vein
FVC Forced Vital Capacity (Spirometry Test Value Used in Assessment of Chronic
Obstruct Disease)
FVL Femoral Vein Ligation
FWB Fetal Well Being
FWB Full Weight Bearing
FWD Forward
FWD Full Ward Diet
FWR Fore Water Rupture
fx Function
fx Fracture
fxl functional
FXTAS Fragile X-Associated Tremor/ Ataxia Syndrome
FZ Frontozygomatic
G
G Guanosine
G and A Gas and Air
g or G Gramme
G-CSF Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
G/P+A Gravida / Para + Abortion
G6PD Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
GA General Anesthetic
GA Gestational Age
GABA Gamma Amino Butyric Acid
GAD Generalised Anxiety Disorder

GB Gall Bladder
GBM Glomerular Basement Membrane
GBM Glioblastoma Multiforme
GBS Group B Streptococcal Septicemia
GBS Guillain Barre Syndrome
GC General Condition
GC Gonorrhoea
GCS Glasgow Coma Scale
GCFT Gonococcal Fixation Test
GCT Giant Cell Tumour
GDA Gastroduodenal Artery
GDD Glaucoma Drainage Devices
GDD Global Developmental Delay
GDLH Glutamate Dehydrogenase
GDM Gestational Diabetic Mellitus
GDM Gestational Diabetic Mother
GDP Guanosine Diphosphate
GE Gastro-Enterology
GERD Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
GFR Glomerular Filtration Rate
GG Gamma Globulin
GGT Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase
GGTP Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase
GH Growth Hormone / General Hospital
GHRF Growth Hormone Releasing Factor
GI Gastro-Intestinal
GIC Glass Ionomer Cement
GIFT Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer
GIST Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
GIT Gastro-Intestinal Tract
GIT Bleed Gastrointestinal Bleeding
GITS Gastrointestinal Therapeutic System
Glb Globulin
GLT Glucose Loading Test
GM Glucose Monitoring
GM-CSF Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
GMP Guanosine Monophosphate
GN Glomerulonephritis
GnRH Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
GOAT Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test
GOD Glucose Oxidase
Gonio Gonioscopy
GOO Gastric Outlet Obstruction
GOR Gastro-Esophageal Reflux
GORD Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder
GOT Glutamic-Oxalacetic Transaminase
GP General Practitioner
GP Gutta Percha
Gp. B Strep Group B Streptococcus
GPI General Paralysis of The Insane
GPT Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase
Gr. Grain
Gr or G Gravida
GRAV I Gravidity = 1 (Indicating A Woman During Her First Pregnancy)
Grav. 1, Grav. II, etc Primigravida, Secundigravida

Grd Grade
GSH Group, Screen, and Hold
GSW Gunshot Wound
GTC Generalised Tonic-Clonic
GTD Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
GTN Glyceryl Trinitrate
GTT Glucose Tolerance Test
Gtts Guttae (Drops)
GU Genito-Urinary
GU Gastric Ulcer
GUM Genitourinary Medicine (Often Used More Restrictively as Alternative to Sexually
Transmitted Disease Clinic)
GUS Genito-Urinary System
GUTB Genitourinary Tuberculosis
Gutt. Drop (Eye Drop)
GVH Graft-Versus-Host
GVHD Graft-Versus-Host Disease
GXT Graded Exercise Tolerance (Stress Test)
Gyn. Gynaecology
H
H (hora) Hour or Hours
H Histamine or Its Receptors (If with Subscripts)
H Hemagglutinin
H→S Heel-To-Shin Test
h. (hora) Hour
H.Pylori Helicobacter Pylori
h.s. At Bedtime (From Latin Hora Somni)
H/A Headache
H/L Home Leave
h/m Hand Movement
H/O History of
H/O PI History Of Present Illness
H/P History and Physical/House Physician
H/V Home Visit
H&E Hematoxylin and Eosin, A Standard Tissue Stain
H&H Hemoglobin and Hematocrit
H&M Hematemesis and Melena
H&P History and Physical Examination (Which Very Often Are Considered as A Pair)
H2O Water
H2S Hydrogen Sulfide
HA Headache
HA Hearing Aid
HA Hydroxyapatite
HA Hyaluronic Acid
HA Hypertonia Arterial
HA Hemolytic Anemia
HAA Hepatitis-Associated Antigen
HAART Highly Active Anti-Reproval Therapy
HACE High-Altitude Cerebral Edema
HAD HIV Associated Dementia
HAE Hereditary Angioedema

HAFO Hinged Ankle Foot Orthosis
HAI Hospital Acquired Infection
HALE Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy
HALS Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery
HAM-D Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
HAP Hospital Acquired Pneumonia
HAPE High Altitude Pulmonary Edema
HASTE Half-Fourier Acquisition Single-shot Turbo Spin-Echo
HAV Hepatitis A virus
Hb Haemoglobin
HB Heart Block
HbA Hemoglobin A (Commonest Type of Hemoglobin)
HbA1c Glycosylated Haemoglobin
HBAg Hepatitis B Antigen
HBD Has Been Drinking
HbF Fetal Haemoglobin
HBGM Home Blood Glucose Monitoring
HBIG Hepatitis B Immune Globulin
HBP High Blood Pressure
HBP Home-Based Programmed
HBPM Home BP Monitor
HBS Hepatobiliary System
HBsAg Hepatitis B Surface Antigen
HBV Hepatitis B Virus
HC Hypochondrium
HC Hemorrhagic Colitis
HC Head Circumference
HCC Hepatocellular Carcinoma
HCG Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
HCI Hydro-Cortisone Infection
HCL Hairy Cell Leukaemia
HCM Hypertrophy Cardiomyopathy
HCN Home Care Nursing
HCO3 Bicarbonate
HCP Hereditary Coproporphyrin
HCRP Hospital Cornea Retrieval Programmed
HCT Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
HCT , Hct Hematocrit
HCT Hydroxy Cortisone
HCT, HCTZ Hydrochlorothiazide
HCV Hepatitis C Virus
HD Hemodialysis
HD Hodgkin Disease
HDC High Dose Chemotherapy
HDL High Density Lipoprotein
HDL-C High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol
HDN Haemorrhagic Disease of The Newborn
HDR High Dose Rate
HDU High Dependency Unit
HDV Hepatitis D Virus
HDW High Dependency Ward
HE High Exudate
HEE High Expressive Emotion
HEENT Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, Throat
Hep Hepatitis

HES Hydroxyethyl Starch
HES Hyper Eosinophilic Syndrome
HETE Hydroxy Eicosatetraenoic Acid
HEV Hepatitis E Virus
HF Heart Failure
HFM High Flow Mask
HFMD Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
HFOV High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilator
HFRS Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
HFV High Frequency Ventilation
Hg Mercurial
HGB Hemoglobin
HGH Human Growth Hormone
HGIL High Grade Intraepithelial Lesion
HGPRTase Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyl Transferase
HGSIL High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion
HGV Hepatitis G Virus
HH Hiatus Hernia
HHS Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemia State
HHT Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
HHV Human Herpes Virus
HI Homicidal Ideation
Hib Haemophiles Influenzae B
HIDA Hepatobiliary Iminodiacetic Acid
HIDS Hyper-IgD Syndrome
HIE Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy
HINT Hearing In Noise Test
Hist Histamine
HIT Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HKAFO Hip Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis
HL Hearing Loss
HL Hepatic Lipase
HL Hearing Level
HL Hodgkin Lymphoma
HLA, HL-A Human Leukocyte Antigen
HLA Histocompatibility Locus Antigen
HLHS Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
HM Hand Movement
HMB Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
HMBG Home Monitoring Blood Glucose
HMD Hairline Membrane Disease
HME Hereditary Multiple
HMG Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin
HMF Human Milk Fortifier
HMG-CoA Hydroxymethylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitor
HMGR 3-Hydroxy-3-Methyl-Glutaryl-Coa Reductase
HMSS Hyperreactive Malarial Splenomegaly Syndrome
HN Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase
HND Hemolytic Disease of The Newborn
HNE Head Does Not Engage
HNOC Hypertrophic non-Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
HNP Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
HNPCC Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer
HO House officer

HO Heterotopic Ossification
HOB Head of Bed (Usually Followed By Number of Degrees Of Elevation, E.G., Hob 10°)
HOCM Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
HONK Hyperosmolar Nonketotic (Diabetic Coma)
HOP Head on Perineum
HoPI History of Present Illness
hor Horizontal
hosp Hospital
HP Hyperprolactinemia
Hp(d) Personal Dose Equivalent
HPA Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
HPA Hypothalamic Suppression Test
HPC History of Present Complaint
HPD High Protein Diet
HPE Histopathological Examination
HPETE Hydroxy Eicosatetraenoic Acid
HPF High Power Field (Microscopy)
HPI History of Present Illness
HPL Hyperlipidemia
HPL Human Placental Lactogen
HPOA Hypertrophic Pulmonary Osteoarthropathy (Clubbing)
HPS Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
HPT Hypertension
HPV Human Papilloma Virus
hr Hour
HR Heart rate (or Hour)
HR High Risk
HRCT High-Resolution Computed Tomography
Hrly Hourly
HRS Hepatorenal Syndrome
HRT Hormone Replacement Therapy
HS Heart Sound
HS House Surgeon
hs Hours of Sleep (Bedtime)
HSC Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin (Same as Human Placental lactogen)
HSCP/HD Hirschsprung Disease
HSG Hysterosalpingogram
HSIL High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion
HSM Hepatosplenomegaly
HSP Henoch Schoenlein Purpura
HSV Herpes Simplex Virus
Ht. Height
HTLV Human T-Lymphotropic Virus
HTLV-III Human Lymphotropic Virus, Type III (AIDS Agent, HIV)
HTO High Tibial Osteotomy
HTPA Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
HTVD Hypertensive Vascular Disease
HU Hydroureter
HU Hounsfield Unit
HUS Hemolytic Uraemic Syndrome
HUS Head Ultrasound
HVD Hypertensive Vascular Disease
HVF Humphrey Visual Field
HVL Half-Value Layer
HVLT High-Velocity Lead Therapy

HVS High Vaginal Swab
HWR Hind Water Rupture
HWLE Hook Wire Localisation and Excision
HWWS Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome
Hx History of
Hypo Hypodermic
HZV Herpes Zoster Virus
I
I Intermediate
I-131 Radioactive Isotope of Iodine
I and D Incision and Drainage
I/L Intralesional
I/O Intestinal (Mechanical) Obstruction
I/O Intake/Output
I/O Intra Oral
I/O Input / Output
I/V Intravenous
I/v/o In view of
I/W Incisional Wound
I&C Incision and Curettage
I&D Incision and Drainage
I&O Intake and Output
IA Industrial Accident
IA Intra-Arterial
IABP Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump
IAC Internal Auditory Canal
IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily living
IAI Intra-Amniotic Infection
IAM Internal Auditory Meatus
IAP Intra-Abdominal Pressure
IAS Internal
IB Infectious Bronchitis
IBC Inflammatory Breast Cancer
IBD Inflammatory Bowel Disease
IBS Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome
IBW Ideal Body Weight
IC Ileocecal
IC Interstitial Cystitis
IC Immune Complex
ICAD Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease
ICB Intra Cranial Bleeding
ICB Intracerebral Bleeding
ICCE Intracapsular Cataract Extraction
ICD Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
ICD-10 International Classification of Disease - 10th edition
ICD-9CM International Classification Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification
ICDS Integrated Child Development Services
ICF Intracellular Fluid
ICF informed Consent Form
ICG Impedance Cardiography
ICG Indocyanine Green

ICGA Indocyanine Green Angiography
ICH Intracerebral Haemorrhage
ICP Intracranial Pressure
ICS Intercostal Space
ICSI Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
ICT Insulin Convulsive Therapy
ICT Intermittent cervical traction
ICU Intensive Care Unit
ID Infectious Disease
ID Identification
ID Intradermally
Id. (idem) The Same
IDA Iron Deficiency Anaemia
IDC Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
IDC Indwelling Catheter
IDC Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma
IDC Interrupted Direct Current
IDDM Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
IDET Intradiscal Electrothermic Therapy
IDK Internal Derangement of Knee
IDL Intermediate-Density Lipoprotein
IDM Infant of Diabetic Mother
IDP Infectious Disease Precautions
IDR Interdisciplinary Round
IDWG Interdialytic Weight Gain
IE Infective Endocarditis
IE Impending Eclampsia
IEF Illizarov External Fixator
IESS Intergroup Ewing Sarcoma Study
ie (id set) That is
IF Immunofluorescence
IF Index Finger
IF Internal Fixation
IFA Indirect Fluorescence Antibody
IFG Impaired Fasting Glycaemia
Ig Immunoglobulin
IgA Immunoglobulin A
IgD Immunoglobulin D
IgE Immunoglobulin E
IgF-1 Insulin Like Growth Factor 1
IgG Immunoglobulin G
IGT Impaired Glucose Tolerance
IGTT Impaired Glucose Tolerance Test
IH Inguinal Hernia
IHA Immune Hemolytic Anemia
IHC Immunohistochemistry E
IHD Ischaemic Heart Disease
IHD Intra hepatic Duct
IHF Ischaemic Heart Failure
IHSS Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis
II Image Intensifier
IIAL Internal Iliac Artery Ligation
IIF Indirect Immunofluorescence
IIH Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
IIP Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia

IJC Intra Jugular Catheter
IJD Internal Joint Derangement
IJV Internal Jugular Vein
IK Interstitial Keratitis
IL-2 Interleukin-2
ILI Ill Like Illness
ILL Interlibrary Loan
ILN Interlocking Nail
ILT Intermittent Lumbar Traction
IM Intramuscular
IMA Inferior Mesenteric Artery
IMB Intermenstrual Bleeding
IMC Immature Cataract
IMF Intermaxillary Fixation
IMI Intramuscular Injection
IMN Infectious Mononucleosis
Imp Impression
IMRT Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy
IMT Intima-Media Thickness
IMV Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation
In. Inch
In.d (in diem) Daily
Inc Incomplete
Incr Increase
Inf Inferior
Infc Infection
Inj Injection
INO Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia
Ino Inhaled Nitric Oxide
INR International Normalized Ratio
INRG International Neuroblastoma Risk Groups
Int Internal
IO Intestinal Obstruction / Intraosseous
IO Inferior Oblique
IOFB Intra-Ocular Foreign Body
IOL Induction of Labour
IOL Intra Ocular Lens
IOL Intra-Orbital Line
IOML Infraorbitomeatal Line
IOP Intraocular Pressure
IOPA Intraoral Periapical Radiograph
IORT Intraoperative Radiotherapy
IOTA International Ovarian Tumor Analysis
IP In-Patient
IP Immunoperoxidase
IP Inspiratory Pressure
IPC Device Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Device
IPCV Idiopathic Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
IPF Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
IPH Intrapartum Hemorrhage
IPJ Interphalangeal Joint
IPL Interpupillary Line
IPMN Intraductal Papillary Mucinous neoplasm
IPP Intermittent Positive Pressure

IPPB Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing
IPPV Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation
IPS Intra-Peritoneal Sounds
IPSS Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling
IPV Internal Podalic Version
IQ Intelligence Quotient
IR Inferior rectus Muscle
IR Insulin Resistance
IR Interventional Radiology
IR FSE Inversion Recovery – Fast Spin Echo
IR Prep Inversion Recovery Magnetization Preparation
IRDM Insulin Resistant Diabetes Mellitus
IRDS Idiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome
IRIDA Inherited Iron-Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia
IRIS Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
IRR Infra-Red Ray
ISA Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity
ISD Interventricular Septal Defect
ISDN Isosorbide Dinitrate
ISH Isolated Systolic Hypertension
ISQ (in status quo) Without Change
ISS Injury Severity Score
IT Intrathecal
IT Intrathecal Therapy
IT Intertrochanteric
ITB Iliotibial Band
ITC In The Canal (hearing aid)
ITE In The Ear (hearing aid)
ITP Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
ITU Intensive Therapy Unit
ITVA Intravitreal Triamcinolone
IU International Units
IUCD Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Device
IUD Intra-Uterine Death
IUD Intra uterine device
IUFD Intrauterine Fetal Demise
IUGR Intra-Uterine Growth Retardation/Restriction
IUGS Intrauterine Gestational Sac
IUI Intra-Uterine Insemination
IUP Intra-Uterine Pregnancy
IUS Intra-Uterine System
IUT Intra-Uterine Transfusion
IV Intravenous
IVBP Intravenous Piggyback
IVC Intravenous Cholangiogram
IVC Inferior Vena Cava
IVD Intra Venous Drip
IVD Intravertebral Disc
IVDU Intravenous Drug Usage
IVDU Intra Vena Drug User
IVF In Vitro Fertilization
IVF Intravenous Fluids
IVH Intraventricular Hemorrhage
IVI Intra Venous Infusion
IVIG Intravenous Immunoglobin

IVP Intravenous Pyelogram
IVPB Intravenous Piggyback (I.V. Short-Term Infusion)
IVU Intravenous Urogram
IVUS Intravenous Ultrasound
Ix Investigation
IZS Insulin Zinc Suspension
J
JCA Juvenile Chronic Arthritis
JCV JC Virus (Named After the Initials of An Anonymous Patient)
JE Japanese Encephalitis
JEV Japanese Encephalitis Virus
JIA Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
JIS Juvenile Idiopathic Scoliosis
JMS Junior Medical Student, Aka MS-3
JOAG Juvenile-Onset Open-Angle Glaucoma
JODM Juvenile-Onset Diabetes Mellitus
JORRP Juvenile-Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
JRA Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
JRU Joint Replacement Unit
jt. Joint
JVC John Cunningham Virus
JVD Jugular Venous Distension
JVP Jugular Venous Pressure
K
K Potassium (From Latin Kalium)
K Keratometry
K/C Known Case
k/c/o Known Case of
K+ Potassium
K-wire Kirschner Wire
KA Ketoacidosis
KA Kinetic Alignment
KAFO Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis
Kcal Kilocalorie
KCCT Kaolin Cephalin Clotting Time
KCl Potassium Chloride
KCOT Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor
KCS Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Kg. Kilogram
KG Kindergarten
KI Potassium Iodide
KIV Keep in View
KJ Knee Jerk
KK Klinik Kesihatan
KLS Kidney, Liver, Spleen
KMNO4 Potassium Permanganate
Kod Knocked Out

KOH Potassium Hydroxide
KOR Keep Open Rate
Kp Keratitis Punctata
KS Kaposi's Sarcoma
KS Kartagener Syndrome
KS Kawasaki Syndrome
KSHV Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpes virus
KTS Klipped-Trenaunay Syndrome
KUB Kidney, Ureters and Bladder (X-ray)
KVO Keep Vein Open (With Slow Infusion)
Kvp Kilovoltage Peak
L
°L °S °K Liver, Spleen, Kidneys Not Palpable
L Longitude
L Lumbar
L Left
L Lingual
L/a Large Amount
L.U.L. Left Upper Lobe (Lung)
L/W Laceration Wound
L&D Labor and Delivery
L1, L2, L3 etc First Lumbar Vertebra, Second etc
L-DOPA Levo-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
LA Local Anesthetic
LA Lupus Anticoagulant
LA Lymphadenopathy
LA Left Atrium
Lab. Laboratory
LABBB Left Anterior Bundle Branch Block
LABC Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
LACI Lacunar Anterior Circulation Infarct
LAD Left Axis Deviation or Left Anterior Descending
LAD Left Anterior Descending (A Coronary Artery)
LAD Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
LAD Left Axis Deviation (See Electrocardiogram)
LAD Lymphadenopathy
LADA Latent Autoimmune Diabetic of the Adolescent
LAE Left Atrial Enlargement
LAHB, LAH Left Anterior Hemiblock
LAM Lactational Amenorrheic Method
Lam Laminectomy
LAM Levator Ani Muscle
Lang, lg Language
LAO Left Anterior Oblique
LAP Left Atrial Pressure
LAP Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase
Lap Laparoscopy
Lap. Laparotomy
LAR Low Anterior Resection
LARP Left - Anterior, Right - Posterior (Path of The Vagi as They Wander from Thorax to
Abdomen)

LAS Lymphadenopathy Syndrome
LASIK Laser In Situ Keratomileusis
Lat, LAT Lateral
Lat Ceph Lateral Cephalometric View
LAVH Laparoscopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy
LAVH-HSO Laparoscopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy and Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy
lb., LB Pound
LBA Low back Ache
LBBB Left Bundle Branch Block
LBC Liquid Based Cytology
LBO Large Bowel Obstruction
LBOM Lower Border of Mandible
LBP Low Back Pain
LBW Low Birth Weight
LC Lateral Compression of The Pelvis
LC Locked Compress
LCA Left Coronary Artery
LCB Last Childbirth
LCCK Legacy Constrained Condylar Knee
LCDCP Limited Contact Dynamic Compression Plate
LCH Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
LCIS Lobular Carcinoma In Situ
LCL Lateral Collateral Ligament
LCM lower Costal Margin
LCM Lymphocytic Meningitis
LCMV Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
LCP Lock Compress Plate
LCV Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis
LCX Left Circumflex Artery
LD Learning Disability
LDA Low-Dose Aspirin
LDH Lactate Dehydrogenase
LDL Low Density Lipoprotein
LDL-C Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Complex
LDR Low Dose Rate
LE Lupus Erythematosus
LE Lower Extremity
LEC Lupus Erythematosus Cell
LEEP Loop Electrical Excision Procedure
LEMS Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
LES Lower Esophagus Sphincter
LES Lupus Erythematosus Systemics
Leu Leukocytes
LF Left Front Anterior
LF Lactose Fermenter
LF(m) Lactose Fermenter (mucoid)
LF(nm) Lactose Fermenter (non-mucoid)
LFA Lateral Flow Assay
LFCN Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
LFT Liver Function Test
LFP Left Frontoposterior
LGA Low Gestational Age
LGIB Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
LGL Lown-Ganong-Levine (syndrome)
LGM Lymphogranulomatosis Maligna

LGSIL Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion
LGV Lymphogranuloma Venereum
LH Luteinizing Hormone
LHT Let Hypertropia
LIA Line Immunoassay
LIF Left Iliac Fossa
LIF Local Health Authority
LIH Left Inguinal Hernia
LIFT Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract
Lig Ligament
LIMA Left Internal Mammary Artery
LIO Laser Indirect Ophthalmoscopy
Liq. (liquor) Liquor (A Solution in Water)
LIS Locked-in Syndrome
LL Lower Limb
LL Leaking Liquor
LL Lower Eyelid
LLD Lower Limb Discrepancy
LLE Left Lower Extremity
LLETZ Large Loop Excision of The Transformation Zone
LLF Late Lactose Fermenter
LLL Left Lower Lobe (Lung)
LLO Legionella Like Organism
LLQ Left Lower Quadrant
LM Left Main
LMA Left Main Artery
LMA Laryngeal Mask Airway
LMA Left Mento Anterior
LMC Local Medical Committee
LMCA Left Main Coronary Artery
LMD Local Medical Doctor
LML Left Medio Lateral
LMM Lentigo Maligna Melanoma
LMP Last Menstrual Period
LMR Left Medial Rectus
LMS Left Main Stem
LMSL Light Meconium-Stained Liquor
LMWH Low Molecular Weight Heparin
LN Lymph Node
LN Lupus Nephritis
LNMP Last Normal Menstrual Period
LOA Loss of Appetite
LOA Left Occiput Anterior
LOC Loss of Consciousness or Level of Consciousness
LOCM Low Osmolar Contrast Medium
LOF Loss of Fluid
LOL Little Old Lady
LOP Left Occiput Posterior
LORTA Loss Of Resistance To Air
LOS Length of Stay
LOT Left Occiput Transverse
LOW Loss of Weight
LP Lipoprotein
LP Lumbar Puncture
LPC Labour Progress Chart

LPCB Lactophenol Cotton Blue
LPDs Lymphoproliferative Disorders
LPH Left Posterior hemiblock
LPI Laser Peripheral Iridotomy
LPL Lipoprotein Lipase
LPO Left Posterior Oblique
LPOL Latent Phase Of Labour
LPR Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
LPRBC Liquid Preserved packet Red Blood Cell
LR Labour Room
LR lateral rectus Muscle
LR Lactated Ringer’s Solution
LRRT Living Related Renal Transplantation
LRTI Lower Respiratory Tract Infection
LSA Left Sacrum Anterior
LSB Left Sternal Border
LSCD Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency
LSCS Lower Segment Caesarean Section
LSE Left Sternal Edge
LSG Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
LSIL Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion
LSP Left Sacrum Posterior
LST Left Sacrum Transverse
Lt. Left
LT Length
Lt Lesser Trochanter
LT Lesser Tuberosity
LTAC Long Term Acute Care
L.U.L Left Upper Lobe (Lung)
LUNA Laparoscopic Uterine Nerve Ablation
LUQ Left Upper Quadrant
LV Left Ventricle
LVAD Left Ventricle Assist Device
LVEDP Left Ventricular End Diastolic Pressure
LVEF Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
LVF Left Ventricular Failure
LVH Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
LVOT Left Ventricular Outflow Track
LVQ Learning Vector Quantization
LVS Low vaginal Swab
LVSF Left Ventricle Shortening Fraction
LVSI Lymph Vascular Space Invasion
LVT Left Ventricular Tachycardia
LWBS Left Without Being Seen
Lx Lumpectomy
Lymph. Lymphocytes
LZ Lower zone
M
M Male
M Mesial
M. (misce) Mix

M Mother
M Murmur
m. Minim
m Married
m. Eq. Milliequivalent
m/a Moderate Amount
M/E Microscopic Examination
M/S Mid shaft
M/W Mouth Wash
M&G Myringotomy and Grommet
M&M Morbidity and Mortality
M&R Manupilation and Reduction
mA Milliamperage
MA Membrane Absent
MA Medical Assistant
MA Megaloblastic Anaemia
mAB, moAb Monoclonal Antibody
MABP Mean Arterial Blood Pressure
MAC Medically Assisted Conception
MAC Mycobacterium Avium Complex
MAC Mastectomy and Axillary Clearance
MADRS Montgomery - Asberg Depression Rating
MAE Moves All Extremities
MAHA Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
MAL Midaxillary Line
MALDI-TOF Matrix-Assisted laser Desorption/ Ionization Time of Flight
MALT Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
MAO Monoamine Oxidase
MAO-I Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor
MAP Mean Arterial Pressure
MAP Mean Airway Pressure
MAP Morbidly Adherent Placenta
MARSA Methicillin-And Aminoglycoside-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
MAS Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
MAS Morgagni-Adams-Stokes Syndrome
MAST Motion Artefact Suppression
MAT Microscopic Agglutination Test
MAT Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
MB Membrane Blue
MB Motorbike
MBC Minimum Bactericidal Concentration
MBI Modified Barthel Index
MBS Metabolic Syndrome
MBS Modified Barium Swallow
MC Medical Certificate
MC Metacarpal
Mc Millicurie
MC&S Microscopy, Culture, And Sensitivity (The Investigation Steps in Processing
Microbiology Samples)
MCA Middle Cerebral Artery
MCAPI Middle Cerebral Artery Pusatility Index
MCAPSV Middle Cerebral Artery Peak Systolic Volume
MCARI Middle Cerebral Artery Resistance Index
MCB Metacarpal Bone
MCD Mean Corpuscular Diameter

MCD Minimal Change Disease
MCDA Monochorionic Diamniotic
MCDK Multicyclic Dysplastic Kidney
mcg Microgram
MCGN Minimal change Glomerulonephritis
MCH Mean Cell / Corpuscular Haemoglobin
MCH Maternal and Child Health
McHc Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia
MCHC Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration
MCL Mid Clavicular Line
MCMA Monochorionic Monoamniotic
MCO Managed Care Organization
MCP Metacarpal Phalangeal
MCPJ Metacarpal Phalangeal Joint
MCP Metacarpophalangeal
MCT Medium Chain Triglyceride
MCTD Mixed / Main Connective Tissue Disease
MCU Micturating Cystourethrogram
MCUG Micturating Cysto Urography
MCV Mean Cell / Corpuscular Volume
MD Meniere’s Disease
MD Muscular Dystrophy
MDD Major Depressive Disorder
MDD Maximum Daily Dose
MDE Major Depressive Episode
MDI Metered Dose Inhaler
MDM Multi-Disciplinary Meeting / Mid Diastolic Murmur
MDP Maniac Depressive Psychosis
MDR Multi Drug Resistant
MDR-TB Multi Drug Resistant TB
MDS Myelodysplastic Disease Syndrome
Med Medical
MED Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia
Meds Medication
Metas. Or mets Metastases
MEE Middle Ear Effusion
MELAS Mitochondrial Encephalopathy Lactic Acidosis Syndrome
MEMP Multi Echo Multi Planar
MEN Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
MEN-1 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
mEq/1 Milliequivalent Per Liter
MERS-COV Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus
MeSH Medical Subject Headings (U.S. National Library of Medicine)
MESS Mangled Extremity Severity Score
MET Metabolic Equivalent
Met/Metas./Mets Metastasis (Pronounced Like The Word Met; Plural Mets) Or Metastases
Meth Methamphetamine
Mets Metastatic
MF Middle Finger
MFH Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
MFM Maternal Fetal Medicine
MFPR Multi-Fetal Pregnancy Reduction
MFR Myofascial Release
MG Myasthenia Gravis
Mg Magnesium

mg. / mgm Milligram
MG Myasthenia Gravis
Mg2+ Magnesium
MGG May Grunwald Giemsa
MGN Membranous Glomerulonephritis
MgO Magnesium Oxide
MgSO4 Magnesium Sulphate
MGTT Modified Glucose Tolerance Test
MGUS Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
MH Menstrual History
MH Marital History
MH Mental Healthy
MHL Mixed Hearing Loss
MHT Menopausal Hormone Therapy
MI Membrane Intact
MI Mitral Insufficiency
MI Myocardial Infarction
MIBG Metaiodobenzyguanidine
MIC Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
MICA Mental Illness and Chemical Abuse
Microalb Microalbuminuria
MIGS Micro Invasive Glaucoma Surgery
Min Minute
MIPO Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis
MIPS Maximum Intensity Projection
MIS Minimally Invasive Surgery
MISS Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery
Mist. (mstura) Mixture
ML Mediolateral
mL, ml Milliliter
MLC Mixed Lymphocyte Culture
MLE Midline Episiotomy
MLS Midline shift
mm Millimeter
MM Malignant Melanoma
MM Medial Meniscus
MM Myeloid Metaplasia
mm3 Cubic Millimeter
MMA Middle Meatal Antrostomy
MMC Medial Meniscus Carditis
MMC Mitomycin C
MMG Mammogram
mmHG Millimeters Mercury
MMN Multifocal Motor Neuropathy
mmol Millimole
MMPA Maxilla-Mandibular Plane Angle
MMPI Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
MMR Maternal Mortality Rate
MMR Measles, Mumps, Rubella
MMR Maxillary Mandibular Relation
MMR Mass Miniature Radiography
MMSE Mini Mental State Examination
MMSL Moderate Meconium-Stained Liquor
MMT Magnesium Trisilicate
MMT Medial Meniscus Tear

MN Membranous Nephropathy
MN Medical Nerve
MND Motor Neuron Disease
MNG Multinodular Goiter
Mo Monocytes
MO Medical Officer
MO Mouth Opening
Mo Molybdenum
MOCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment
mod Modified
mod Moderate
MOD Mode of Delivery
MOD Mesio Occlusal Distal
MODS Multi Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
MODY Maturity Onset Diabetes of The Young
MOF Multiorgan Failure
MOGTT Modified Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
MOH Medical Officer of Health
MOM Milk of Magnesia
MOM Metal on Metal
Mono Monocyte
MOPP Mechlorethamine, Vincristine, Procarbazine, and Prednisolone
MOS Minor Oral Surgery
MOT Mycobacteria Optical Tuberculosis
MOT maternity Operation Theatre
MOTT Mycobacterium Other Than Tuberculosis
Mp macrophage
MP Membrane Peeling
MPAL Mixed-Phenotype Acute Leukemia
MPAP Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure
MPD(s) Myeloproliferative Disease(s)
MPFL Medial Patellofemoral Ligament
MPGN Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
MPGR Multiplanar Gradient-Recalled Acquisition
MPI Maximum Point of Impulse
MPIR Multiplanar Inversion Recovery
MPJ Meta Phalangeal Joint
MPN Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
MPNST Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
MPR Multiplanar Reconstruction
MPV Mean Platelet Volume
MR Mitral Regurgitation
MR Modified Release
MR Mental Retardation
MR Magnetic Resonance
MRA Magnetic Resonance Angiography
mRad Milliard
mrem Millirem
MP Macrophage
MRC Medical Research Council
MRCP Magnetic Resonance Cholangiography
MRCP Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography
MRE Magnetic Resonance Enterorrhaphy
MRG Murmurs, Rubs, and Gallops
MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging

MRKH Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser
MRONJ Medical Related Osteonecrosis of Jaw
MRP Manual Removal of Placenta
MRM Modified Radical mastoidectomy
mRNA Messenger RNA
MRND Modified Radical Neck Dissection
MRP Manual Removal of Placenta
MRP Manual Retained Placenta
MRSA Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
MRSE Methicillin Resistant Staph Epidermidis
MRT Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor
MRU Magnetic Resonance Urography
MS Mitral Stenosis, Membrane Sweep, Multiple Sclerosis
MS Morphine Sulfate
MS Multiple Sclerosis
MSA Multiple System Atrophy
MSB Macerated Stillbirth
MSC Mesenchymal Stem Cell
MSCT Multi-Slice Computed Tomography Scan
MSE Mental State Examination
MSH Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone
MSK Medullary Sponge Kidney
MSL Mid-Sternal Line
MSLT Multiple Sleep latency Test
MSSA Methicillin-Sensitive Staph Aureus
MSSA Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus
MSU Mid-Stream Urine
MSUD Maple Syrup Urine Disease
MSW Medical Social Worker
mSv Millisievert
MT Metatarsal
MT Membrane Tympani
MTB Metatarsal Bone
MTB Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
MTBC Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex
MTBI Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
MTCT Mother to Child Transmission
MTD Maximum Tolerated Dose
MTF Metformin
MTH Mumbling to Herself/ Himself
Mth Month
MTJ Metatarsal Joint
MTP Metatarsi-Phalangeal
MTP Medical Termination of Pregnancy
MTX Methotrexate
MUA Manipulation Under Anesthetic
MUD Matched Unrelated Donor
MUFR Maximum Urine Flow Rate
MULE Measurement of Upper Limb Extremities
MUS Mi Urethral Sling
MVA Motor Vehicle Accident
MVC Motor Vehicle Crash
MVD Mitral Valve Disease
MVP Mitral Valve Prolapse
MVPS Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome

MVR Mitral Valve Replacement
MVR Mitral Valve Regurgitation
MVT Multivitamin
MVT Mitral Valve Thrombosis
MW Molecular Weight
MWD Microwave Diathermy
Mx Management
MXR Mobile X-Ray
MxT Myringotomy and Tubes
Mz Longitudinal Magnetization
MZ Middle zone
N
N Normal
N Nitrogen
N and T Nose and Throat
n/m Not Married
N/S Normal Saline
n/t Numbness and Tingling
n/v, N&V Nausea and Vomiting
Na+ Sodium
NAB Needle Aspiration Biopsy
NABS Normoactive Bowel Sounds
NaCl Sodium Chloride
NAD No Abnormality Detected
NAD No Acute Distress
NAD No Absolute Diagnosis
NAD No Active Disease
NAD No Acute Distress
NAFLD Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
NAI Non-Accidental Injury
NAION Non-Arteritis Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
NAR Nasal Airway Resistance
NAS No Added Salt
NASH Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
NASSA Noradrenergic and Specific Serotonergic Antidepressant
NB Newborn
NB Note Well
NBCCS Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome
NBHS Newborn Hearing Screen
NBI No Bony Injury
NBM Nil by Mouth / Nothing by Mouth
NBN Newborn Nursery
NBO No bowel
NBTE Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis
NC Nasal Cannula
NC Negative Control
NC Nerve Action Potential
NCC Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy
NCCT Non-Contrasted Computed Tomography
NCD Neurocognitive Disorder
nCPAP Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

NCS Nerve Conduction Study
NCV Nerve Conduction Velocity
ND Normal Delivery
ND Neck Dissection
NDD No Disease Detected
NDRI Norepinephrine and Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors
Ne Neutrophil Granulocytes
NE Neonatal Encephalopathy
NE Neuroendoscopy
Neb Nebulizer
NEC Not Elsewhere Classified
NEC Necrotising Entero-Colitis
NED No evidence of Disease
Neg. Negative
NES Not Elsewhere Specified
NET Neuroendocrine Tumor
NET Norethisterone
NF Necrotizing Fasciitis
NF Nuchal Fold
NF Nourishing Fluid
NFR Not For Resuscitation
NFS No Fracture Seen/ Shown
Neuro Neurology
Neuro-Surg. Neurosurgery
Ng Nanogram
NG Nasogastric
NG New Growth
NGT. NG Tube Nasogastric Tube
NGU Non-Gonococcal Urethritis
NHL Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
NI Not Informed
NIBP Non-Invasive Blood Pressure
NICE National Institute for Clinical Excellence
NICO Non-Invasive Cardiac Output
NICU Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
NIDDM Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Nil None
NILM Negative For Intraepithelial Lesion
NiTi Nickel Titanium Wire
NIV Non-Invasive Cardiac
NJ Tube Nasojejunal Tube
NK Not Known
NK cells Natural Killer Cells
NKA No Known Allergies
NKDA No Known Drug Allergies
NKDFA No Known Drug Food Allergy
NKMI No Known Medical Illness
NLD Nasolacrimal Duct
NLDO Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
NLF Non-Lactose Fermenter
NLP No Light Perception
nm nanometer
NM Nuclear Medicine
NM Nodular Melanoma
NMDA N-Methyl D-Aspartate

NM Neuromuscular
NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
NMS Neuroleptic malignant Syndrome
NMSC Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
NN Neonatal
NND Neo-Natal Death
NNJ Neonatal Jaundice
NNR National Neonatal Registry
NO Nitric Oxide
No. (Numero) Number
Noct. (Nocte) Night
NOE Naso Orbito Ethmoid
NOE Necrotising Otitis Externa
NOF Neck Of Femur
NOF Non-Ossifying Fibroma
NOF# Neck of Femur Fracture
NOS Not Otherwise Specified
NOS Nitric Oxide Synthase
NP Normal Pregnancy
NP Give Proper Name (Nomen Proprium)
NP New Patient
NP / NPO2 Nasal Prong
NPA Nasopharyngeal Aspiration
NPC Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
NPDR Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
NPE Neuropsychological Evaluation
NPO Nil Per Os (nothing by mouth)
NPSLE Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
NPTAC No Previous Tracing Available for Comparison
NPU Not Passed Urine
NPV Negative Predictive Value
NPWT Negative Pressure Wound Therapy
nr non-Reactive
NR No response
NRB Non-Rebreather Mask
NRBC Nucleated Red Blood Cells
NRDS Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
NREM Non-rapid Eye Movement
NRM No regular Medications
NRSTS Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcoma
NRVE Next Review Vaginal Examination
NRP Neonatal Resuscitation Programmed
NS Normal Saline
NS Non-Susceptible
NS Nuclear Sclerotic Cataract
NSA No Significant Abnormality
NSAID Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
NSAP Non-Specific Abdominal Pain
NSC Neurosurgery Clinic
NSCC Non-Squamous Cell Carcinoma
NSCLC Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
NSD Nasolacrimal Duct
NSD Normal Spontaneous Delivery
NSD10% Normal Saline D10%
NSD5% Normal Saline D5%

NSE Neuro Specific Enolase
NSFTD Normal Spontaneous Full-Term Delivery
nsg Nursing
NSGCT Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumors
NSO Nil Special Order
NSR Normal Sinus Rhythm
NSR No Significant Result
NST Non-Stress Test
NSTEMI Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
NSTI Necrotising Soft Tissue Infection
NSU Non-Specific Urethritis
NSVT Non-Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia
NT Nasotracheal
NT Nephrostomy Tube
NT Not Tested
NT Nuchal Translucency
NTD Neural Tube Defect
NTG Nitroglycerin
NTG Normotensive Glaucoma
NTM Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
NTT Nasotracheal Tube
NVD Normal Vaginal Delivery
NVD Neovascularisation at Disc
NVDC Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea and Constipation
NVE Neovascularisation Elsewhere
NVE New Vessels
NVG Neovascular Glaucoma
NVI Neovacularisation of Iris
NVP Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy
NWB Non-Weight Bearing
NY Not Yet
NYD Not Yet Diagnosed
O
O Occlusal
O Nothing
o/put Output
O&G, OB-GYN, OBGYN Obstetrics and Gynecology
O&P Ova and Parasite
O/E On Examination
O2 Oxygen
OA Osteo-Arthritis
OA Occipito-Anterior
OAB Overactive Bladder
OAC Oroantral Communication
OAD Oral Anti-Diabetic Drug
OAE Otoacoustic Emission
OAF Oroantral Fistula
OASIS Obstetric and Sphincter Injuries
OATS Osteochondral Autograft Transfer Procedure
OB Overbite
OBD Out Of Bed

obj Objective
OBPI Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury
OBS Obstetrics
OBS Organic Brain Syndrome
OC Oral Contraceptive
Occ Occasional
OCD Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
OCG Oral Cholecystogram
OCNA Old Chart Not Available
OCP Oral Contraceptive Pill
OCPD Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
OCT Oral Coherence Tomography
OD Once Daily
OD Oculos Dexter (Right Eye)
OD Overdose
OD Optical Density
OD Occupational Disease
ODD Oppositional Defiant Disorder
OE On Examination
OE Otitis Externa
OF Occipitofrontal Diameter
OG Orogastric
OGAC Obstetric and Gynecology Admission Centre
OGDS Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
OGTT Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
OH Oral Hygiene
OHA Oral Hypoglycemic Agents
OHI Oral Hygiene Index
OHL Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
OHS Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
OHS Open Heart Surgery
OHS Occupational Health and Safety
OHSS Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
OHT Ocular Hypertension
OHVIRA Obstructed Hemivagina Ipsilateral Renal Anomaly
OI Osteogenesis Imperfecta
OIM Obturator Internus Muscle
Oint. Ointment
OIR Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy
OIS Ocular Ischemic Syndrome
OIS Organ Injury Scaling
OIT Ovarian Immature Teratoma
OIT Oral Immunotherapy
OJ Overjet
OK Obstructed Kidney
OKAN Optokinetic After-Nystagmus
OKC Odontogenic Keratocyst
OKN Optokinetic Nystagmus
OKU Orang Kurang Upaya
OL Olfactory Lobe
OL Orbital Layer
OL Open Label
OL Optic Lobes
OLB Open Liver Biopsy
OLB Open Lung Biopsy

OLB Oldfactory Bulb
OLC Ouabain-Like Compound
OLC Osteoclast-Like Cell
OLD Obstructive Lung Disease
OLE Occipital Lobe Epilepsy
OLF Old factory
OLM Ocular Larva Migrans
OLP Oral Lichen Planus
OLR Oral Lichenoid Reactions
OM Otitis Media
OM Once on Morning
OMFS Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
OMG Ocular Myasthenia Gravis
OMI Old Myocardial Infarct
OMI Oral Mucositis Index
OML Orbitomeal Line
Omn. Hor. (Omni Hora) Every Hour
Omn. Noct. (Omni noc) Every Night
OMP Outer Membrane Protein
OMP Oculomotor Palsy
OMP Omeprazole
OMR Oculomotor Range
OMS Opsoclonus Myoclonus-Syndrome
OMT Oral Mucosal Transudate
OMT Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment
OMVC Open Mitral Valve Commissurotomy
OMVD Optimized Micro Vessel Density
ON Once on Night
ON Optic Neuritis
ONB Oldfactory Neuroblastoma
OND Other Neurological Disorders
OND Optic Nerve Disease
ONH Optic Nerve Head
ONH Optic Nerve Hypoplasia
ONJ Osteonecrosis of The Jaw
ONM Ocular Neuromyotonic
ONSD Optic Nerve Sheath Decompression
ONSF Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration
ONTD Open Neural Tube Defects
ONTR Orders Not To Resuscitate
OO Oophorectomy
OO Ophthalmic Ointment
OO Oral Order
OO Orbicularis Oculi
OOB Out of Bed
OOC Odontogenic Cyst
OOC Onset of Contractions
OOC Out of Cast
OOC Outlet Obstructive Constipation
OOH Out of Hospital
OOL onset of Labor
OOR Orbicularis Oculi Reflex
OP Operation
OP Out-Patient
OPD Outpatient Department

OPG Orthopantomogram
Ophthal. Ophthalmology
OPLL Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Opn Operation
OPV Oral Polio Vaccine
OR Operating Room
ORIF Open Reduction Internal Fixation
ORN Osteoradionecrosis
ORS Oldfactory Reference Syndrome
ORS Oral Rehydration Salt
ORSA Oxacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
ORT Oral Rehydration Therapy
Ortho Orthopedic
OS Occulus Sinistra (Left Eye)
OS Orthopedic Surgery
OS Overall Survival
OS Open Cervix
OS Osteogenic Sarcoma
OSA Obstructive Sleep Apnea
OSAS Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
OSH Outside Hospital
OSL Optically Stimulated Luminescence
Osm osmolarity/ Osmolality
OT Operation Theater
OT Occupational Therapy
OT Occipito -Transverse
OTC Over The Counter
Oto. Otology
OTPP Oriented to Time, Place and Person
OU Both Eyes Together (Latin: Oculi Unitas)
OXA Oxacillin
OYL Ossified Yellow Ligament
Oz. Ounce
P
P Para
P Parturition
P Palatal
P Phosphorous
P plan
P Post
P Pulse
P and A Percussion and Auscultation
P.c. (Post cibum) After Meals
P.O Per Oral
P/- Partial Upper Denture
P/A Per Abdomen
P/E Physical Examination
P/P Partial Upper And Partial Lower Denture
P/w Presented With
P2 Pulmonic Second Heart Sound
PA Pernicious Anemia

PA Periapical
PA and Lat. Posterior, Anterior and Lateral
PAC Premature Atrial Contraction
PAC Pulmonary Artery Catheter
PAC Pregnancy Assessment Centre
PAD Peripheral Arterial Disease
PACI Periosteal Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
PACO2 Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide
PAD Peripheral Artery Disease
PAE Prostatic Artery Embolisation
Paed Paediatric
PAF Platelet Activating Factor
PAF Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
PAFC Pulmonary Artery Flotation Catheter
PAG Paediatric Adolescent Gynaecology
PAH Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
PAI Proximalization of the Arterial Inflow
PAI-1 Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1
PAIS Partial Androgen Insensitivity syndrome
PAL Posterior Axillary Line
PALS Peadiatric Advanced Life Support
PAN Polyarteritis Nodosa
PANS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale
PAO Peak Acid Output
PAO2 Alveolar Oxygen
PaO2 Peripheral Arterial Oxygen Content
PAOD Peripheral Artery Occlusive Disease
PAP Positive Airway Pressure
PAP Pulmonary Artery Pressure
PAP Papanicolaou Test
Para. Paracentesis
Para. I, Para. II, etc. Primipara, Secondipara, etc.
PAS Peripheral Anterior Synechiae
PAS Periodic Acid Schiff
PASH Pseudo Angiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia
PAT Paroxysymal Atrial Tachycardia
Path. Pathology
PAVSD pulmonary Atresia Ventricular Septal Defect
Pb Lead (Latin: Plumbum)
PBC Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
PBC Primary Biliary Cholangitis
PBI Protein Bound Iodine
PBF Peripheral Blood Film
PBK Pseudophakia Bullous Keratopathy
PBSC Peripheral Blood Stem Cell
PBSCH Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Harvest
PBSCR Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Rescue
PBSCT Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant
PBU Premature Baby Unit
PC Platelet Count
PC Posterior Chamber, Posterior Capsule
PC Positive Control
PC Packed Cell
PC Phase Contrast
PC-MRA Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Angiography

PCA Patient Control Anesthesia
PCB Postcoital Bleeding
PCD Pos Concussional Disorder
PCD Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
PCI Parent-Child Interaction
PCIOL Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens
PCL Posterior Cruciate Ligament
PCM Paracetamol
PCN Penicillin
PCNL Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
PCNL Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
PCNSL Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
PCO Polycystic Ovary
PCO Posterior Capsular Opacity
PCO Patient Complains Of
PCOS Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
PCP Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia
PCP Primary Care Physician
PCR Patient Care Report
PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
PCS Post-Concussion Syndrome
PCS Pelvic Congestion Syndrome
PCTA Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
PCV Packed Cell Volume
PCV Polycythemia Vera
PCWP Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure
PD Peritoneal Dialysis
PD Parkinson's Disease
PDA Patent Ductus Arteriosus
PDA Potato Dextrose Agar
PDE Phosphodiesterase
PDL Periodontal Ligament
PDR Proliperative Diabetic Retinopathy
PDU Perforated Duodenal Ulcer
PE Pulmonary Embolism / Physical Exam / Pleural Effusion /
Pre-Eclampsia
PEA Pulseless Electrical Activity
Pead Peadiatric
PEAR Phase -Encoding Artefact Reduction
PED Pigment Epithelial Detachment
PEDS Persistent Epithelial Defects
PEE Punctate Epithelial Erosions
PEEP Positive End Expiratory Pressure
PEF Peak Expiratory Flow
PEFR Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
PEG Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Pen, PNC Penicillin
PEP Post Exposure Prophylaxis
PERL Pupils Equal and Reactive to Light
PERRL Pupils Equal, Round, and Reactive to Light
PERLA Pupils Equal Reactive Light and Accommodation
PES Post-Embolization Syndrome
PESA Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration
PET Pre-Eclamptic Toxemia
PET Pancreatic Endocrine Tumor

PEVD Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
PF Patellofemoral
PF Peak Flow
PF Prednisolone Forte
PFE Pelvic Floor Exercise
PFFD Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency
PFM Pelvic Floor Muscle
PFM Porcelain Fused Metal
PFN Patellofemoral Femur Nail
PFN Proximal Femur Nail
PFO Patent Foramen Ovale
PFPS Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
PFR Pelvic Floor Repair
PFT Pulmonary Function Test
pg Pictogram
PGU Perforated Gastric Ulcer
PHx Past History
Physio Physiotherapy
PI Present Illness
PI Pelvic Incidence
PICC line Peripheral Inserted Central Catheter line
PID Prolapsed Intravertebral Disc
PID Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
PIH Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
PIIS Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine
PIOC Positive Intra-Operative Culture
PIP Positive Inspiratory Pressure
PIPJ Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
PITFL Posterior Inferior Tibiofibular Ligament
Pic Picture
PJI Prosthetic/ Periprosthetic Joint Infection
PKD Polycystic Kidney Disease
PKU Phenylketonuria
PL Palmaris Longus
PLC Posterolateral Complex
PLIF Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
PLL Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
PLND Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection
pls Please
Plt Platelet
PM Premature Milk
PM Post-Mortem
Pm Afternoon
PMB Postmenopausal Bleeding
PMH Previous Medical History
PMHx Past Medical History
PMN Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte (Neutrophil)
PM&R Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
PMB Post-Menopausal Bleeding
PMH Past Medical History
PMH Peri Mesencephalic Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
PMI Point of Maximal Impulse
PMI Point of Maximal Intensity
PML Polyoma Virus
PMMA Polymethylmethacrylate

PMN Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte
PMP Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
PMR Percutaneous Myocardial Revasculrization
PMR Polymyalgia Rheumatica
PMR Perinatal Mortality Rate
PMS Premenstrual Syndrome
PMVL Posterior Mitral Valve Leaflet
PN Post Natal
PN Peroneal Nerve
PNC Post Natal Clinic
PND Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
PND Postnasal Drip
PNES Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures
PNET Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor
PNH Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
PNM Perinatal Mortality
PNS Peripheral Nervous System
PO Per Os (by Mouth)
POA Period of Amenorrhea
POAG Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
POC Product of Conception
POCT Poin-Oft-Care test
POD Post-Operation Day
POD Pouch of Douglas
POF Patent Foramen Ovale
POG Period of Gestation
POHS Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome
POLO Pull Out, Lift Off
Poly Polymorphonuclear
POM Prescription Only Medicine
POP Plaster of Paris
POP Persistent Occipito Posterior
POP Post Occipito Posterior
POP Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Post Posterior
Post-Op Post-Operative (after surgery)
POX Peroxidase
PP Pulse Pressure
PP Placenta Previa
PP Postpartum
PP Private Patient
PP Postprandial or Pulsus Paradoxus
PPA Proof Puncture Antrum
PPA Peripapillary Atrophy
PPC Pre-Pregnancy Counseling
PPCS Prolonged Post-Concussion Syndrome
PPD Pack Per Day
PPE Personal Protection Equipment
PPF Periprosthetic Joint Fracture
PPD Purified Protein Derivative
PPH Post-Partum Haemorrhage
PPHN Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn
PPI Proton Pump Inhibitor
PPM Permanent Pacemaker
PPO2 Positive Pressure Oxygen

PPROM Premature Preterm Rupture of Membrane
PPROM Preterm Pre-labor Rupture of Membrane
PPS Post-Polio Syndrome
PPS Pulses Per Second
Ppt Precipitate
PPTL Post-Partum Tubal Ligation
PPV Positive Pressure Ventilation
PPV Positive Predictive Value
PPV pars Planar Vitrectomy
PPV Patent Processus vaginalis
PR Prothrombin Ration
PR Partial Response
PR Progesterone Receptor
PR Pulse Rate
PR (per rectum) Rectal Examination (Per rectum)
PRA Plasma renin Activity
PRBC packed Red Blood Cells
Pre-Op Pre-Operative (before surgery)
Prem Premature
Prep Preparation
PRES Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PRIND Prolonged Reversible Ischaemic Neurologic Deficit
PRK Photorefractive Keratectomy
Prn (Pro re nata) Whenever Necessary
Prog Prognosis
PROM Pre-labour Rupture of Membrane
PROSTALAC Prosthesis with Antibiotic Loaded Acrylic Cement
PRP Parentinal Photocoagulation
PRP Platelet-Rich Plasma
PRP Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis
PRS Pierre Robin Syndrome
PRSP Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus Pneumonia
PRV Polycythemia Rubra Vera
PS Pulmonic Stenosis
PS Pain Score
PSA Prostate Specific Antigen
PSCC Posterior Subcapsular Cataract
PSD Post-Stroke Depression
PSG Polysomnogram
PSH Psychosocial History
PSHx Past Surgical History
PSIS Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
PSM Pansystolic Murmur
PSP Phneylsulphtalein
PSP Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
PSS Progressive Systemic Sclerosis
PSW Psychiatric Social Worker
PT Prothrombin Time
PT Physiotherapy
PT Pulmonary Tuberculosis
PT Physical Therapy
Pt Patient
PTA Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
PTA Post Traumatic Amnesia

PTA Posterior Tibial Artery
PTA Prior To Admission
PTB Patella Tendon Bearing
PTB Pulmonary Tuberculosis
PTC, PTHC Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography
PTCA Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
PTD Post Trauma Day
PTD Prior To Discharge
PTD Persistent Trophoblastic Disease
PTE Pulmonary Thromboembolism
PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
PTFL Posterior Talofibular Ligament
PTH Parathyroid Hormone
PTRF Post-Transplant Renal Failure
PTSD Post -Traumatic Stress Disorder
PTSS Post -Traumatic Stress Syndrome
PTT Partial Thromboplastin Time
PTU Propylthiouracil
PTV Planning Target Volume
PTx Pneumothorax
PU Passed Urine
PU Peptic Ulcer
PUD Peptic Ulcer Disease
PUJ Pelvic Ureteric Junction
PUO Pyrexia of Unknown Origin
PUS Posterior Upper Segment
PV Vaginal Examination or By the Vagina (per vagina)
PV Pulse Volume
PVC Premature Ventricular Contraction
PVD Peripheral Vascular Disease / Peripheral Venous Disease
PVL Periventricular Leukomalacia
PVNS Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
PWB partial Weight Bearing
PZI Protein Zinc Insulin
Q
q (quoque) Every
Q.H. (quo hora) Every Hour
q2h, q4h, q6h… Every 2 hours, every 4 hours, every 6 hours etc.
qam Every Morning
q.d Each Day
q.d.s Four Times a day
q.h Every Hour
q.h.s Every Bedtime
q.i.d Four Times a Day
q.m.t Every Month
q.n Every Night
q.o.d Every Other Day
q.o.h every Other Hour
q.s As Much as Suffices
q.v As Much as You Please

q.v Which See
q.w.k Weekly
qd Once a day
qid. (Quater in die) Four Times A Day
qpm Every Evening
Qs / Qt Shunt Fraction
Qs (quantum sufficiat) Sufficient Quantity
Quotid (quotide) Daily
Qt Total Cardiac Output
R
R Resistant
R. Roentgen
R (recipe) Take (Also Right)
R/O Rule Out
R/H Right Hypotropia
r/g/m Rubs/ Gallops/ Murmur-Heart Sounds
R/T Ryle’s Tube
R/V Retroverted
r/v Review
RA Rheumatoid Arthritis
RA Refractory Anemia
RA Right Atrium
RAD Right Atrial Axis Deviation
RAD Reactive Airway Disease
Rad Ther. Radiotherapy
RAI Radioactive Iodine
RAO` Right Anterior Oblique
RAP Right Atrial Pressure
RAPD Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect
RAS Renal Artery Stenosis
RBBB Right Bundle Bunch Block
RBC Red Blood Count
RBL Radiographic Base Line
RBLM Recurrent Benign Lymphocytic Meningitis
RBS Random Blood Sugar
RCA Rotator Cuff Arthropathy
RCA Right Coronary Artery
RCC Renal Cell Carcinoma
RCF Radio Cephalic Fistula Infection
RCM Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
RCM Right Costal Margin
RCT Root Canal Treatment
RCT Randomised Controlled Trial
RD Retinal Detachment
RDI Recommended Daily Intake
RDS Respiratory Distress Syndrome
RDT Rapid Diagnostic Test
RDU Renal Dialysis Unit
RDW Red Cell Distribution Width
Re Regarding, Regards, Regard
Reg Register

Rel Reliable
REM Rapid Eye Movements
REM Radiation Equivalent Man
Req Requisition
Resp. Respiratory
RF Risk Factor
RF Rheumatoid Factor
RF Rheumatic Fever
RFA Right Fronto-Anterior
RFT Right Fronto-Transverse
RFP Right Fronto-Posterior
RGA Retrograde Amnesia
Rh Rhesus
RHC Right Hypochondrium
RHD Rheumatic Heart Disease
RHT Right Hypertropia
RIA Reamer Aspirator Irrigator
RIA Radioimmunoassay
RIB Rest In Bed
RIBA Radio immunoblotting Assay
RIC Receiver in The Canal (Hearing Aid)
RICE Rest, ice, Compression, and Elevation (treatment for tissue Injury)
RIF Right Iliac Fossa
RIG Rabies Immune Globulin
RIH Right/ Repair Inguinal Hernia
RIMA Reversible Inhibitor of Monoamine Oxidase A
RIND Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit
RIP Rest in Peace / Dead
RIRS Retrograde Intra Renoscopy
RIRS Retrogade Intra Renal Surgery
RL Ringer’s Lactate
RLE Right Lower Extremity
RLL Right Lower Lobe (lung)
RLN Regional Lymph Node
RLN Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
RLQ right Lower Quadrant
RLZ Right Lower Zone
RM Rupture Membranes
RMA Right Mentum Anterior
RMC Retro Mastoid Craniectomy
RMI Risk Malignancy Index
RML Right Middle Lobe
RMO Resident Medical Officer
RMZ Right Middle Zone
RNA Ribonucleic Acid
ROA Right Occipito Anterior
ROL Right Occipito Lateral
ROM Range of Motion
ROP Right Occipito Posterior
ROP Retinopathy of Prematurity
ROT Right Occipito Transverse
RP Retained Placenta
RP Renal Profile
RPC Retained Products of Conception
RPG Retrograde Pyelogram

RPOC Retained Products of Conception
RPP Retropubic Prostatectomy
RPR Rapid Plasma Reagin
Rpt Repeat
RR Respiratory Rate
RRT Renal Replacement Therapy
RS Respiratory System
RSA Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty
RSA Right Sacrum Anterior
RSD Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
RSI Rapid Sequence Induction
RSO Resident Surgical Officer
RSP Right Sacrum Posterior
RSR Regular Sinus Rhythm
RSV Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Rt Right
RT Ryles Tube
RT Radiation Therapy
RTA Renal Tubular Acidosis
RTA Road Traffic Accident
RTF Ryle’s Tube Feeding
RUL Right Upper Lobe
RUQ Right Upper Quadrant
RUZ Right Upper Zone
RV Right Ventricle
RV Residual Volume
RVD Retroviral Disease
RVH Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Rx Recipe (prescription)
S
s Without (Sans)
S.Bil Serum Bilirubin (Direct/Indirect)
s.c. Subcutaneous (From Latin Subcutis)
s.d. Subdermal
S.I Systems International (unit)
S/B Seen by
S/C or SC or Sc Subcutaneous
S/E Speculum Examination/Side Effect
S/L Slit Lamp
s/l or sl Sublingual
s/p Status Post
S/S or s/s Signs and symptoms
S/T Spoken to
S1, S2, S3, etc. First Sacral Vertebra, second etc.
S1S2 First and Second Heart Sound
S2 Second Heart Sound
SA Sinoatrial
SAA Synthetic Amino Acid
SAB Spontaneous Abortion
SAD Seasonal Affective Disorder
SAH Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

SAH Subaponeurotic Hemorrhage
SAN Sinoatrial Node
SaO2 Saturation of Oxygen
SAPS Simplified Acute Physiology Score
SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
SB Still Birth
SB Small Bowel (See Small Intestine)
SB Serum Bilirubin
SBC Serum Bilirubin Capillary
SBE Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
SBO Small Bowel Obstruction
SBP Systolic Blood Pressure
SBP Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
SBS Shaken Baby Syndrome
SCAN Sexual and Child Abuse and Neglect
SCBU Special Care Baby Unit
SCC Squamous Cell Carcinoma
SCC Sickle Cell Crisis
SCD Sudden Cardiac Death
Schizo Schizophrenia
SCI Spinal Cord Injury
SCID Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
SCLC Small Cell Lung Cancer
SCM Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
SCN Special Care Nursery
SCr Serum Creatinine
SDAs Serotonin Dopamine Antagonists
SDC Strength Duration Curve
SDH Subdural Hemorrhage
SDH Subdural Hematoma
SE Side Effects
SE Serum Electrolyte
Sed Sedimentation (Rate)
Segs Segmented Cells
Sel Selectogen
SEM Systolic Ejection Murmur
SERT Serotonin Transporter
SF6 Sulphur Hexafluoride
SFA Seminal Fluid Analysis
SFA Superficial Femoral Artery
SFH Symphysis Fundal Height
SG Swan-Ganz
SG Special Gravity
SG cath Swan-Ganz Catheter
SGA Small for Gestational Age
SGGT Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase
SGOT Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase
SGPT Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase
SH Social History
SHBG Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
SHx Surgical History
SI Sexual Intercourse
SI Suicidal Ideation
SI Sacroiliac (Joint)
S.I.Units System International D Unites

si op.sit If Needed (From Latin Si Opus Sit)
SIADH Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
Sibs Siblings
Sig. (signetur) Let It Be Labeled
SIMV Synchronous Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation
SIPPV Synchronized Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation
SIRS Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
SIT Stress Inoculation Training
SJS Steven Johnson Syndrome
SK Streptokinase
SLE Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
SLEV St. Louis Virus
SLK Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis
SLL Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma
SLO Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope
SLR Straight Leg Raising
SLT Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty
SM Multiple Sclerosis (From Latin Sclerosis Multiplex)
SMA Sequential Multiple Analysis
SMA Spinal Muscular Atrophy
SMA Superior Mesenteric Artery
SMA-6 Six-Channel Serum Multiple Analysis
SMA-7 Serum Metabolic Assay
SMD Sub Mucus Diathermy
SMLN Submandibular Lymph Node
SMR Sub Mucus Resection of Nasal Septum
SMS Senior Medical Student
SMT Spinal Manipulative Therapy
SMV Submentovertex View
SMV Superior Mesenteric Vein
SNAGS Sustained Neural Accessory Glide
SNB Sentinel Node Biopsy (Ductal Carcinoma)
SNHL Sensorineural Hearing Loss
SNP Sodium Nitroprusside
SNP Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
SNRI Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitor
SNV Sin Nombre Virus (The Most Common Type of Hantavirus)
SO Super Ovulation
SOAPIER Subjective, Objective, Analysis, Plan, Intervention, Evaluation
SOB Shortness of Breath
SOBOE Short of Breath on Exercise
SOL Space Occupying Lesion
Sol. Solution
SOOB Send Out of Bed
SOS (Si Opus Sit) If Necessary
SP Status Post
Sp Splint
Sp.fl. Spinal Fluid (See Cerebrospinal Fluid)
Sp.gr. Specific Gravity
SPA Suprapubic Aspiration
SPC Supra Pubic Catheter
SPE Superficial Punctate Epitheliopathy
Spec. Specimen
SPECT Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
SPEP Serum Protein Electrophoresis

SPET Single Photon Emission Tomography
SPK Superficial Punctate Keratopathy
SPO2 Oxygen Saturation
SPT Special Tests
sq Subcutaneous
SR Sedimentation Rate
SR Serum Rhythm
SR Slow Release (See Also Time Release Technology (Medicine)
SR Sinus Rhythm
SR Superior Rectus
SRF Subretinal Fluid
SROM Spontaneous Rupture of Membranes
SRS Stereotactic Radiotherapy
SS Hemoglobin SS (Hbss)
SSG Sterile Skin Grafting
SSG Split Skin Graft
SSPE Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
SSRI Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
ssRNA Single-Stranded RNA
SSS Sick Sinus Syndrome
SSSS Staphylococcus Scalded Skin Syndrome
ST Heat Stable
ST Special Techniques
st Station
Staph. Staphylococcus
Stat. (statim) At Once / Immediately
STD Sexually Transmitted Disease
STD Skin Test Dose
STEC Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli
STEMI ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
STF Stress Test Fiber
STH Somatotropic Hormone
STI Soft Tissue Injury
STM Soft Tissue Manipulation
STN Subtotal Thyroid Nodule
STNR Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex
STO Suture to Off
STO Suture to Open
STO Suture removal
STOP Surgical Termination of Pregnancy
Strep. Streptococcus
STS Serological Test for Syphilis
Subq Subcutaneous
SUFE Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis
sup Superior
Sup Supine
Supp. Suppositories
SUV Standardized Uptake Value-When Used in Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Cancer Scans-Any Lesion Seen on A Scan with A SUV Of More Than 3 Indicates
Metabolic Act
SV Seminal Vesicle
SV Stroke Volume
SVC Superior Vena Cava
SVD Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery
SVD Single Vessel Disease

SVD Spontaneous Vertex Delivery
SVI Systemic Viral Infection
SVN Small Volume Nebulizer
SVR Systemic Vascular Resistance
SVT Supra Ventricular Tachycardia
SWAP Short Wavelength Automated Perimetry
SWD Short Wave Diathermy
Sx Symptoms
SXA Single Energy X-Ray Absorptiometer
SXR Skull X-ray
Syn. Drip Syntocinon Drip
Sync Synchronise
Syr / sy Syrup
Syr. (syrupus) Syrup
Sys Systemic / Systolic
T Temperature
T and A Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy
t.d.s Three Times A Day (From Latin Ter Die Sumendus)
T/O Transfer Out
T&A Tonsillectomy with Adenoidectomy
T&C Type and Crossmatch (Blood Transfusion)
T&H Type and Hold (Stay Ready for Blood Transfusion)
T&S Toilet and Suture
T2DM Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
T3 Triodothyroxine
T4 Thyroxine Hormone
TAA Thoracic Aorta Aneurysm
Tab Tablet
TAB Therapeutic Abortion
TAB Typhoid and Paratyphoid A and B
TAGA Term Appropriate with Gestational Age
TAGVHD Transfusion Associated Graft Versus Host Disease
TAH Total Abdominal Hysterectomy
TAHBSO Total Abdominal Hysterectomy Bilateral Salphingo-Opherectomy
TAPVD Total Anamalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage
TAT Thematic Apperception Test
TB Tuberculosis
TBG Total Binding Globulin
TBG Thyroxine-Binding Globulin
TBI Traumatic Brain Injury
TBI Total Body Irradiation
TBLC Term Birth Living Child
TBW Tension Bend Wire
TCA To Come Again
TCC Transitional Cell Carcinoma
TCI To Come In (For Admission to Hospital)
TCN Tetracycline
TCT Thrombin Clotting Time
TD Tardive Dyskinesia

Td Tetanus and Diphtheria (Combined Vaccination)
TD&S / TDS Toilet, Debridement, and Suturing
TDM Therapeutic Drug Monitoring / Management
TdP Torsades De Pointes
TDS Three Times a Day
TEB Thoracic Electrical Bioimpedance (See Impedance Cardiography)
TED Thyroid Eye Disease
TEE Transesophageal Echocardiogram
TEE Thoracic Expansion Exercise
TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy
Temp Temperature
TEN Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
TENS Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator
TFT Thyroid Function Test
TG Triglycerides
Tg Thyroglobulin
TGA Transposition of Great Arteries
TGA Transient Brain Injury
TGF Tumor Growth Factor
TGH To Go Home
TGV Transposition of The Great Vessels
Thal Thalassemia
THC Tetrahydrocannabinol/ Cannabis
THOMAS (neuroscience) The Human Oxytocin Mediated Attachment System
THR Total Hip Replacement
THR Target Heart Rate
TIA Transient Ischaemic Attacks
Tib/Fib Tibia and Fibula
TIBC Total Iron Binding Capacity
tid (ter in die) Three Times A Day
TIN Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
TIPS Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt
TIW Three Times a Week
TKA Total Knee Arthroscopy
TKR Total Knee Replacement
TKVO To Keep Vein Open
TLC Total Lung Capacity
TLC Thin Layer Chromatography
TLC Tender Loving Care
TLE Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
TLR Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
TM Tympanic Membrane
TME Total Mesorecta Excision
TMJ Temporo Mandibular Joint
TMJPDS Temporomandibular Joint Pain Disorder
TMS Thick Meconium Syndrome
TMSL Thick Meconium-Stained Liquor
TNF Tumor Necrosis Factor
TNG Trinitroglycerin
TNM Tumor-Nodes-Metastases
TOA Tuboovarian Abscess
TOD Target Organ Damage
TOD Transesophageal Doppler
TOD Took Own Discharge
TOE Transesophageal Echocardiogram

TOF Tetralogy of Fallot
TOF Tracheoesophageal Fistula
TOP Termination of Pregnancy
TPA Tissue Plasminogen Activator (dissolve clots)
TPA Total Parenteral Alimentation (intravenous nutritional needs)
TPHA Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Assay
TPN Total Parenteral Nutrition
TPPV Trans Pars Plana Vitrectomy
TPR Temperature, Pulse, Respiration
TR Tricuspid Regurgitation
Tr. Tincture
Trabec Trabeculectomy
TRAM Flap Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap
TRAP Tartarate Resistant Acid Phosphatase
TRD Tractional Retinal Detachment
TRH Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
TRIG Triglycerides
TRO To Rule Out
TS Term Size
TS Triscupid Stenosis
TSB Total Serum Bilirubin
TSCPC Transcleral Cyclo Photocoagulation
TSH Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
TSS Toxic Shock Syndrome
TT Thrombin Time
TTE Transthoracic Echocardiogram
TTN Transient Tachypnoea of Newborn
TTP Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
TTR Transthyretin
TTS Transdermal Therapeutic System
TTT Trauma to Teeth
TTTS Twin-To-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
TUR Transurethral Resection
TURBT Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor
TURP Transurethral Resection of Prostate
TV Tidal Volume
TV Thoracic Vertebrae
TVH Total Vagina Hysterectomy
TWBC Total White Blood Count
TWC Total White Cell
TWDC Total White Differential Count
Tx Treatment, Transplant, Transfuse
U
𝛍g Microgram
U/3 Upper Third
U/L Underlying
U/L Upper/ Lower
U/O Urine Output
U&E Urea and Electrolytes
UA Urinalysis / Uric Acid
UA Unstable Angina

UA Uric Acid
UAC Umbilical Arterial Catheter
UBD Universal Blood Donor
UBT Urea Breath Test
UC Ulcerative Colitis
UC Umbilical Cord
UDS Urine Drug Screening
UDT Undescended Testis
UE Upper Extremity
UFEME Urine Full Microscopic Examination
UFH Unfractionated Heparin
UGI Upper Gastrointestinal
UGIB Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
UGIH Upper Gastro-Intestinal Hemorrhage
UIP Usual Interstitial Pneumonitis
UL or U/L Upper Limb
ULAR Ultra Low Anterior Resection
UMNL Upper Motor Nerve Lesion
Ung (Unguentum) Ointment
Uni Unilateral
UO Urine Output
UPJ Ureteropelvic Junction
UPT Urine Pregnancy Test
URA Unilateral Renal Agenesis
URI Upper Respiratory Infection
URQ Upper Right Quadrant
URS Ureteric Stone
URTI Upper (acute) Respiratory Tract Infection NEC
USA Unstable Angina
USG Ultrasonogram
USG Ultrasound Guided
USG or U/S Ultrasound
USOH Usual State of Health
USR Unheated Serum Re-agent
ut Uterus
UTI Urinary Tract Infection
UVA Ultraviolet a light
UVAL Ultraviolet Argon Laser
UVC Umbilical Venous Catheter
UVL Ultra-Violet Light
UVP Utero-Vaginal Prolapse
V
v/o or VO Verbal Order
V/Q Ventilation-Perfusion
V/Q Ventilation/ Perfusion Scan
V/V Vulva & Vagina
V/V Varicose Vein
VA Visual Acuity
VAD Ventricular Assist Device
VAD Venous Access Device
VAD Vincristine, Adriblastine, Dexamethasone

Vag Vagina, Vaginal
VAMP Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein
VAMP Vincristine, Adriblastine, Methylprednisone
VAP Ventilator Associated Pneumonia
VB Vaginal Bleeding
VBAC Vaginal Birth After Caesarean Section
VBG Venous Blood Gas
VC Vital Capacity
VC Vocal Cord
VCTC Voluntary Counselling and Testing Centers
(For HIV-Government Centres in India)
VD Venereal Disease
VDRF Ventilator-Dependent Respiratory Failure
VDRL Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (Test for Syphilis)
VE Vaginal Examination (Manual Examination)
VE Ventricular Ectopic
VEB Ventricular Ectopic Beat
VEE Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis
Vert. Vertebrae
VF Ventricular Fibrillation
VF Visual Field
VH Visual Hallucination
VH Ventricular Hypertrophy
VI (Virgo Intacta) Virgin
Vin (Vinum) Wine
VIP Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
VLBW Very Low Birth Weight
VLDL Very Low-Density Lipoprotein
VM Venturi mask / Ventimask
VMA Vanillylmandelic Acid
VNPI Van Nuys Prognostic Scoring Index (For Ductal Carcinoma)
VO Verbal/ Vocal Order
VOD Volume of Distribution
Von Va Vision
VPB Ventricular Premature Beats
VPC (PVC) Ventricular Premature Contraction
VRE Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus
VRSA Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
VS Versus
VS Vital Sign
VSD Ventricular Septal Defect
VSR Ventricular Septal Rupture
VSS Vital Signs Stable
VT Ventricular Tachycardia
VT Venus Thrombosis
VTE Venous Thromboembolism
VTEC Verotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli, Also Known as Enterohaemorrhagic E. Coli
VTM Viral Transport Medium
VUJ Vesico Urinary Junction
VUR Vesico Urethral Reflux
VV Varicose Veins
VV Vulva Vagina
VVF Vesico Vagian Fistula
VWD Von Willebrand’s Disease
Vx Vertex

VZIG Varicella Zozter Hyperimmune Globulin
VZV Varicella Zoster Virus
W
w With
w/o Without
W/U Workup
WAP Wandering Atrial Pacemaker (See Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia)
WAT White Adipose Tissue
WB Whole Blood
WBC White Blood cell or Count
WBR Whole body radiation
WBRT Whole-Brain Radiotherapy Treatment
WC White Cells
WC Weak contraction
WCA Wheelchair Ambulation
WCC White Cell Count
WD Wound Debridement
WDL Within Defined Limits (As Per Hospital Defined Policy)
WH Well Hydrated (Not Dehydrated or Hyperhydrated)
WI Wound Inspection
Wk. Week
WL Working Length
WLE Wide Local Excision
WN Well-Nourished / Within Normal Limits
WNL Within Normal Limits (Also: We Never Looked)
WO Written Order / Weeks Old / Wide Open
WOP Without Pain
WPW Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome
WR Wassermann Reaction
WS Warkany Syndrome
Wt. Weight
WWF Widal Well Felix
WWF Widal-Weil-Felix test
WWI Walking While Intoxicated (Ethanol or Other Drugs)
WWI World War I
X
XLA Extraction Under Local Anaesthesia
Xn Extraction
XRT External Radiation Therapy
Y
YF Yellow fever
YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale
YOB / DOB Year of Birth
yr Year

Z
ZDV Zidovudine
ZES Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
ZMC Zygomaticomaxillary Complex
Zn Zinc
ZnO Zinc Oxide
SYMBOLS
# Fracture
∆ Diagnosis
∆∆ Differential Diagnosis
↑,↓ Increase, Decrease
↓ Under
↔ Equivocal
1°, 2° Primary, Secondary
-/P Partial Lower Denture
SENARAI NAMA SINGKATAN UBAT NEGERI JOHOR.

● Senarai ubat yang tidak disenaraikan perlu menggunakan nama generik sahaja.
● Kekuatan, dos dan dosage form hendaklah ditulis walaupun nama dagangan digunakan (eg. Sy
syrup Benadryl Adult berbanding Benadryl Adult).
Bil. Nama Generik Singkatan Dibenarkan
1. Methyl Salicylate 25% Ointment LMS / OMS
2. Magnesium Trisilicate MMT
3. Glyceryl Trinitrate GTN
4. Potassium Permanganate KMn04
5. Oral Rehydration Salt ORS
6. Multivitamin MVT
7. Vitamin B Complex Vit. B Co
8. Ascorbic Acid Vit. C
9. Chloramphenicol CMC
10. Acriflavine 0.1% Lotion Flavin lotion
11. Potassium Chloride KCL
12. Potassium Citrate Pot. Citrate / Pot. Cit
13. Sodium Chloride powder NaCl


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ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH (HPSF), MUAR

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 1

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 2

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 3

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 4

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 5

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 6

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 7

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 8

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 9

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 10

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 11

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 12

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 13

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 14

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 15

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 16

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 17

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 18

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 19

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 20

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 21

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 22

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 23

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 24

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 25

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 26

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 27

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 28

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 29

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 30

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 31

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 32

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 33

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 34

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 35

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 36

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 37

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 38

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 39

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 40

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 41

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 42

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 43

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 44

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 45

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 46

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 47

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 48

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 49

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 50

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 51

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 52

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 53

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 54

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 55

ABBREVIATION & SYMBOLS USED IN HOSPITAL PAKAR SULTANAH FATIMAH, HPSF 56