Exam
Exam
Exam
English Department
Grade 10
AL (FINAL REVISION )
BASED ON
Elements of literature
Collection 4
Collection 7
Grammar
Lessons 24/25/26/27
Word sharp
Lessons 10,11 & 12
Model Exam
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Elements of Literature
Collection 4
Literary Focus
What is a symbol?
A symbol is a person, place, thing, or event to which we have attached a
special meaning.
Types of symbolism
1- Personal symbols 2- Public symbols
Allegory
The characters, setting, and actions of an allegory all stand for something
beyond themselves, such as
• abstract ideas
• moral qualities
• historical figures or events
What is an allegory?
- An allegory is often a story in which all of the characters
symbolize certain vices and virtues.
Irony
Irony is the difference between what we expect and what actually happens.
Writers use irony to reflect the real world—one where expectations aren’t
always fulfilled and unexpected events surprise us.
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Verbal Irony
Verbal irony occurs when someone says one thing but means the opposite. It
(I am thrilled that we have exam today) someone saying “Just what I
needed”, after spilling coffee on their shirt on the way to an important
meeting.
Situational Irony:
Situational irony occurs when an event is not just surprising but
actually contrary to what we expected.
The dentist was surprised to find a cavity when she examined her own dental
X-rays.
Dramatic Irony:
Dramatic irony occurs when we know something the character does not.
SYMBOLISM AND IRONY
Match each of the following literary elements to the phrase
that best describes it.
1. personal symbols
2. dramatic irony
3. situational irony
4. verbal irony
5. allegory
6. public symbols
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15. It was Mr. Smith’s love for his daughter that made him vulnerable.
16. The lifeguard posted a signing saying that no water was allowed near the
swimming area.
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Collection 4:
” A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings”
1- What do Pelayo and Elisenda think the Old Man is? What does their
neighbour think?
Pelayo and Elisenda think he is a castaway, shipwrecked by a storm. The
neighbour thinks he is an angel.
2- How does the winged man change the lives of Pelayo and Elisenda?
They charge admission to see him, and the money helps them build a mansion and
live well.
3- How do the townspeople initially react to the old man? How does their
attitude toward him change over time?
They are fascinated and treat him like a “circus animal”. Eventually, they become
impatient with him and lose all interest.
4- Explain how this story could be seen as revealing the theme ‘we wish
for miracles, but when they come, we cannot accept them”
The ignorance, insensitivity, and disrespect shown by Pelayo, Elisenda, and the
townspeople in dealing with the old man suggest this theme.
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5- Review the uses of irony in this story. List three uses of irony that
you find most entertaining, or most shocking and give reasons for
your choice.
Three uses of irony might include the angel’s decrepit appearance (readers expect
an angel to be beautiful), the casual, cruel treatment of the angel (readers expect
angels to be treated with respect), and the townspeople’s eventual loss of interest in
the angel (they prefer a woman who was changed into a spider.
6- What details in this story illustrate the characteristics of magic
realism- that is, what details are fantastic? What details are
commonplace and realistic?
Fantastic details include a man with wings who fell out of the sky. Realistic details
include the man being old and the description of his dirty feathers.
7- given that the old man is an angel, what is ironic about the way he is
treated?
Instead of being cleaned up and restored to his angelic state, he is left dirty, placed
in degrading conditions, and treated like a form of circus animal.
8- According to the priest, why is the winged man not an angel?
The winged man does not understand Latin, the language of God, and does not
know how to greet the priest.
9- How are the priest’s requests and Rome’s replies ironic?
It is ironic that the letters from Rome show no urgency or call for action, when the
winged man might be a celestial being. This part of the story mocks the
intelligence of the ministry
10- What is ironic about the angel’s miracles?
The angel’s miracles are ironic because angels are supposed to be able to cure
people of their problems, whereas this angel supposedly performs small miracles
that have nothing to do with the people’s original problems or ailments.
11- What is ironic about Pelayo and Elisenda’s fear that the angel will
die?
Angels are usually assumed/supposed to be immortal, Elisenda and Pelayo are not
upset about the man dying but they are concerned that they do not know what to do
with a dead angel.
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4. What details about Pelayo and Elisenda hint that they care about the angel?
A) They let him take care of the baby.
B) They took him to see the spiderwoman so they compare experiences.
C) They let him sleep in the shed when the chicken coop fell down.
D) They let him have visitors.
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4. What do Pelayo and Elisenda at first think the old man is?
A) a god
B) the devil
C) a castaway from a ship
D) an angel who has fallen from grace
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LITERARY AND READING SKILLS Circle the letter of the best answer.
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R.M.S. Titanic
by Hanson W. Baldwin
A primary source is original material that has not been interpreted by other
writers.
Examples:
• autobiographies
• letters
• oral histories
• eyewitness accounts
• A primary source has the advantage of being a firsthand account of an event.
• The disadvantage of a primary source is that it includes only one person’s
perspective.
• A primary source may be unreliable, especially if it is highly subjective, or
based heavily on emotion or opinion.
• A secondary source is based on other sources. Information is
interpreted, summarized, or retold by another writer.
Examples:
• encyclopedias
• textbooks
• biographies
• newspaper and magazine articles
• A secondary source, such as “R.M.S. Titanic,” often covers the topic more
broadly.
• Broader coverage doesn’t necessarily mean the source is objective, or
factual, though. Writers sometimes include their opinions and feelings on the
topic.
Important words:
ascertain v.: find out with certainty; determine.
corroborated v.: supported; upheld the truth of.
perfunctory adj.: done with little care or thought; indifferent.
pertinent adj.: having some association with the subject.
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2. Early on, why were lifeboats lowered to the water only partially full?
A) Because men were not allowed to go into the lifeboats
B) Because the passengers did not really believe that the Titanic was
sinking
C) Because there were plenty of other lifeboats to use
D) Because the passengers preferred to go down with the ship
4. Why didn’t the Californian respond to the Titanic’s calls for help?
A) The captain of the Californian was afraid to risk the lives of his crew
and passengers.
B) The Californian had its radio turned off and so did not receive the
Titanic’s calls.
C) The ship’s crew did not see the rocket flares.
D) The ship had already turned away and did not want to turn back.
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1. Which of the following is the most pertinent detail about the Titanic?
A) It was part of the White Star Line.
B) It was slightly larger than the Olympic.
C) It was believed to be the safest ship ever built.
D) Messages were received in a room called the Marconi cabin.
5. Why didn’t some of the lifeboats turn back to pick up people in the
water?
A) None had men on board who could row the lifeboats.
B) They were too far away to reach the people in the water.
C) The people feared that the passengers would overturn the boats.
D) The people in the water died instantly, before the lifeboats could reach
them.
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Questions
1. The Titanic was:
A British ship
B. An American ship.
C. A French ship.
D. A German ship.
2. The Titanic was powered by:
A. Gasoline engines.
B. Diesel engines.
C. Steam engines.
D. Wind, using sails.
3. The Titanic sank on its:
A. Maiden voyage.
B. Second voyage.
C. Third voyage.
D. Tenth voyage.
4. When it sank, the Titanic was traveling from England to:
A. Paris
B. Chicago
C. Washington D.C.
D. New York City.
5. The Titanic sank in the year of:
A. 1812
B. 1865
C. 1912
D. 1976
6. On the night of April 14th, the Titanic:
A. Struck another ship.
B. Struck an iceberg.
C. Was torpedoed by a submarine.
D. Exploded due to a minefield.
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Collection 7, Poetry
Poetic terms:
Imagery • It is language that appeals to our five senses and
creates images in our minds.
Free verse
Free verse is poetry that does not have a regular meter or
rhyme scheme.
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Rhyme Rhyme is the repetition of the accented vowel sound and any
subsequent sounds in words close together. See-free/tricky-
picky
End rhyme End rhyme is rhyme that occurs at the ends of lines.
Onomatopoeia Onomatopoeia is the use of words that sound like what they
mean.
Steps to help
unlock a 1. Look for punctuation that tells where
poem’s sentences—and complete thoughts—begin and
meaning end.
2. Rearrange inverted sentences, phrases, and
words in your mind by placing subjects, verbs,
and complements in the traditional order.
3. Finally, paraphrase, or restate in your own
words, each line of the poem to ensure that you
understand it.
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Collection 7- Poetry
“Shall I Compare thee to a Summer’s Day”
Sonnet 18
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,
Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
Sonnet 18 Paraphrase
Does it make sense for me to compare you [my love] to a beautiful day in
summer? Actually, you're prettier and even better, even calmer [than a
summery day]. Because sometimes, even in May, it gets windy and the
buds on the trees get shaken off. And sometimes summer seems like it
doesn't last very long. It could be that the sun is way too hot, or other times
the sun might be obscured [by clouds or bad weather]. And honestly,
everything gorgeous loses its looks over time. This might happen by sheer
bad luck, or simply because everyone and everything gets old in time.
BUT [and here's the point] you are going to keep your [“summery”] looks
forever. And no, you won’t lose the beauty you possess. Neither will
Death [personified] be able to claim that He owns you [He can’t steal you
away from me by taking you to his dark place], once I’ve immortalized you
in this poem that I’m writing. For as long as people can breathe or see,
that’s as long as my poem will live on. It’s my poem that will allow the
memory of your beauty to live on forever
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Important vocabulary:
temperate adj.: not too hot or too cold; mild; moderate in behavior; self-
restrained.
complexion n.: appearance of the skin, especially the face.
Figures of speech and analysis:
Line 4: Metaphor “And summer’s lease hath all too short a date”
Summer is compared to something leased for a short time.
Stanza 2, Line 5: metaphor “sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines”
The sun is compared to the eye of heaven.
Line 5: personification “the eye of heaven”
Heaven is personified as a human being who can see.
Line 6: personification “And often is his gold complexion dimm’d”
The sun is personified as a human being with a face and complexion.
Line 7: Aletration “And every fair from fair sometime declines”
Stanza 3, line 9: metaphor “But thy eternal summer shall not fade”
The poet compares the beauty of his beloved to summer.
Line 11: Personification “Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade”
Death is described as a braggart, boasting of his power.
LITERARY AND READING SKILLS Circle the letter of the best answer.
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2. “So long lives this, and this gives life to thee” means
A) the day makes the subject feel alive
B) time goes on forever and so the subject will always be remembered
C) as long as she’s beautiful she will always be alive
D) the poem is memorializing the subject and keeping her alive in
people’s minds
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6. What is the meaning of fair in this line from “Shall I Compare Thee to a
Summer’s Day?”: “And every fair from fair sometimes declines”?
A Beauty
B Sunny, clear weather
C Festival or carnival
D Honesty
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(a) Moon
(b) Sun
(c) Star
(d) God
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Grammar Section
Lesson 24
Improving your spelling
Find the word which is spelt correctly from the given words.
1-
a) Skilful c) Skilfull
b) Skillfull d) Skillful
2-
a) ocurence c) occurance
b) occurence d) occurrence
3-
a) deciseev c) decisive
b) decesive d) decesieve
4-
a) truelly c) trully
b) truely d) truly
5-
a) seperatley c) separatly
b) seperately d) separately
6-
a) hazzardous c) hazardus
b) hazardous d) hazardos
7-
a) embarrassed c) embarased
b) embarrassed d) embarassed
8-
a) Overleped c) Overelaped
b) Overlaped d) Overlapped
9-
a) recommendation c) reccomandation
b) recomendation d) reccomendation
10-
a) Reeceding c) Recedeing
b) Receeding d) Receding
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In the following questions, four words have been written out of which three are
correctly spelt and one is wrongly spelt. find out the misspelt word from among the
groups of four words.
1-
a) seize c) believe
b) decieve d) reign
2-
a) Summarize c) Suicide
b) Suiteable d) Superficial
3-
a) Perceive c) Deceive
b) Conneive d) Acheive
4-
a) evidence c) preference
b) providence d) attendence
5-
a) normally c) effectively
b) genorally d) grandly
6-
a) unmindful c) skilfull
b) beautiful d) careful
7-
a) succeed c) succession
b) succesor d) successful
8-
a) succeed c) exceed
b) superseed d) proceed
9-
a) deceive c) perceive
b) receive d) beleive
10-
a) Writer c) Winner
b) Winning d) Writting
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11-
a) Neice c) Leisure
b) Conceive d) Reign
12-
a) ferocious c) obnoxcious
b) pernicious d) mendacious
Lesson 25
Writing with Details: prepositional phrase
Prepositional Phrase - Key takeaways
A prepositional phrase is a group of words consisting of a preposition,
an object, and any modifiers.
Prepositional phrases are used to show the relationship between other words
in a sentence. They are most commonly used to indicate the relationships
between time, space, location, and direction.
There are three types of prepositional phrases: adjective prepositional
phrases, adverb prepositional phrases, and prepositional phrases acting
as a noun.
Commas should be used with prepositional phrases when they are being
used as introductory phrases, when they are nonrestrictive phrases, and when
the prepositional phrase contains a gerund.
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Adjective prepositional phrases and adverb prepositional phrases are the most common, so
let's begin with those!
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2. Lugnut landed roughly on the dirt track and created a thick dust cloud.
a) on the dirt b) on the dirt track
c) roughly on the dirt track d) on the dirt track and made
3. Jane was buried under the wreckage.
a) was buried b) under the wreckage
c) buried under the wreckage d) was buried under the wreckage
7. When King Crush drove into the stadium, all the children cheered.
a) into the b) into the stadium
c) drove into the stadium d) King Crush drove into the stadium
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2. Those customers are ____ the most demanding we've ever had.
a) so far c) from far
b) by far d) since far
4. _____, you're just going to have to try and get along with your new boss.
a) To better or worse c) For better or worse
b) From better or worse d) Through better or worse
10. Things are going badly and then,_____ , good things start happening and
you're on your way to better times.
a) under warning c) at warning
b) without warning d) from warning
11. Our teacher knows all the students ____ even though there are more than 40
of us.
1. from name 3. in name
2. by name 4. to name
12. ____, he finally decided to go ahead with the new marketing project.
a) From any rate c) In any rate
b) To any rate d) At any rate
13. It seems that our investment is _____ , so I'll need to fly to our
headquarters to discuss the situation.
a) in risk c) from risk
b) to risk d) at risk
15. Janet assured them that she would have finished the report ____.
a) until then c) at then
b) by then d) to then
16. All I can say is that, _____ , you're going to have to spend more time
practicing your listing comprehension skills.
a) at personal experience c) from personal experience
b) of personal experience d) in personal experience
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Lesson 26
Writing with Details: Adverbials and Appositives
What Is an Appositive
An appositive is a noun or pronoun or series of nouns that are placed next to
another noun or pronoun or noun phrase so as to explain or identify or rename it
precisely. The main objective of using an appositive is to provide some additional
information about the noun in the sentence. This additional information can be
erased from the sentence if required. Generally, an appositive phrase follows the
word, it identifies or explains, but it is not necessary that it should always come
after the word. It can also precede the word. The poets and writers use appositive
phrases in order to make their poetry and stories more rich and interesting for
readers.
Appositives are identified in the sentence with the help of commas. However, in
some sentences, we do not use comma around the appositive. Generally, when a
sentence is clear and concise and the information is essential and justify the
sentence, then we do not use commas before or after the appositive. For instance,
American astronaut Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. Let
us see the use of appositive in sentences.
• An ostrich, a large and heavy flightless bird, scared the onlookers at the zoo.
• The insect, a small and hairy creature, scared me.
• Mrs. Rose, my neighbor, is a good human being.
• Jane and Henry, my friends, are planning to join a music club.
• Tokyo, the capital of Japan, has sophisticated railways.
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Choose the most suitable answer that identifies the appositive in the
sentence.
1. My brother Erik has planned to go Mauritius next month.
a) Erik c) My brother Erik
b) My brother d) None of the above
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Lesson 27
Writing with Concord: Parallel Structure
Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more
ideas have the same level of importance. This can happen at the word, phrase, or
clause level. The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use of coordinating
conjunctions such as "and" or "or."
He gave me the sun, the moon, and the stars. (nouns) Mary likes hiking,
swimming, and bicycling.(gerunds) I love green, red, and white balloons.
(adjectives)
She spoke quietly, slowly, and clearly. (adverbs)
With phrases
A parallel structure that begins with a phrase must continue with similar phrases.
He walked around the house, through the garden, and out of the gate. (prepositional
phrase) Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to ride a bicycle. (infinitive phrase)
OR
Mary likes to hike, swim, and ride a bicycle.
(Note: You can use "to" before all the verbs in a sentence or only before the first
one.)
With clauses
A parallel structure that begins with a clause must continue with clauses.
The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, not eat too much, and do
some warm- up exercises before the game.
With lists
Be sure to keep all the elements in a list in the same form.
The dictionary can be used for these purposes: to find word meanings, pronunciations,
correct spellings, and irregular verbs.
The toys were everywhere -- under the table, on the couch, and in the closet.
With Correlative Conjunctions
correlative conjunctions consist of two words paired together. Some
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common correlative conjunctions are: not only… but also, neither/either… or, whether…
or, as many as. Here are some examples of sentences with correlative conjunctions
where parallel structure is used correctly.
Not only was she tired, but she was also sick to her stomach.
Neither snow nor rain can keep me from you.
I do not know whether the recipe calls for baking soda or baking powder.
There are as many desks as there are students
Switching to a different pattern within a sentence or changing the voice of a verb (from
active to passive or vice versa) will break the parallelism. To check if the structure is
parallel, line up the lead-in word with each separate section of the pattern.
1. Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle. likes hiking likes swimming
likes to ride [does not match the pattern of gerunds; can be changed to ‘riding’
2. The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately, and
in a detailed manner.
write quickly write accurately
write in a detailed manner [does not match the pattern of adverbs; can be changed to
‘thoroughly’ & have the same meaning]
The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately, and
thoroughly.
3.The teacher said that he was a poor student because he waited until the last minute to
study for the exam, completed his lab problems in a careless manner, and his motivation
was low.
he waited / he completed /his motivation was lo [does not match the pattern of verbs; can
be changed to ‘lacked ’]
The teacher said that he was a poor student because he waited until the last minute
to study for the exam, completed his lab problems in a careless manner, and
lacked the motivation.
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Most of the following sentences are out of balance because they lack parallel
structure. On the lines provided, rewrite each sentence, giving it parallel
structure. If a sentence already has parallel structure,write Correct.
EXAMPLE 1. Being compassionate and because she knows a lot about animals,
Jessica will make a good veterinarian. Because she is compassionate and knows a lot
about animals, Jessica will make a good veterinarian.
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3. Mrs. Shapiro had heard about the new hockey league but not that there would be
a team in Greensboro.
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4. The selection at the downtown CD store is better than going to the mall.
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5. I have traveled by bus, by train, and by subway, but never by boat.
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6. Thelma likes playing the clarinet, to march in the band, and watching the
football games.
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7. The advertisement claims that this toothpaste kills more germs and prevents more
cavities than any other toothpaste.
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Please review the following sentences for errors in parallel structure. Correct
the sentence by rewriting it. Not all sentences are incorrect. Answers may
vary.
1. My dog is not only friendly but he is also playful.
2. We can go to the park or out dancing.
3. Jeremy likes to read historical, realistic and speculative fiction.
4. Tell Michael I said he can either do homework now or later.
5. Buying a car is not a decision to take lightly nor be careless about.
6. Tyler is for the legalization not criminalization of marijuana.
7. Sally needs a new stove, dishwasher and knives for her kitchen.
8. My first grade teacher taught me how to write, how to read and play tic-tac-toe.
9. She will not admit it nor will she be apologizing.
10. The whole wheat pasta is better than enriched wheat pasta.
11. Literature classes teach students to analyze texts, think critically, and have better writing
12. Beets are just as nutrient rich as rutabagas even though they are not in season.
9. I like to ______.
A. Eat healthy food, sleep early and exercise regularly.
B. Eat healthy food, sleep early and to exercise regularly.
C. Eat healthy food, sleep early and I like to exercise regularly.
D. None of the Above.
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What Is Connotation?
Connotation is the use of a word to suggest a different association than its literal
meaning, which is known as denotation. For example, blue is a color, but it is also
a word used to describe a feeling of sadness, as in: “She’s feeling blue.”
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Connotation Examples
Negative Neutral Positive
Denotation Connotation Connotation Connotation
Boss giving
commands Bossy Assertive Leader
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11.Which definition for dream has the most clearly negative connotations?
A. reverie
B. flight of fancy
C. false hope
D. imagination
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Model Exam
Exam duration: 3 hours, 1st and 2nd paper
First Paper
1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: (5 marks)
1. Why was the angel in Pelayo and Elisenda’s backyard?
A) He was looking for shelter from the rainstorm.
B) He was kicked out of heaven.
C) He was shipwrecked.
D) He fell out of the sky.
2. How does the angel react to his visitors?
A) He yells at them in a language they cannot understand.
B) He asks them for mothballs.
C) He ignores them.
D) He shows them how to fly.
4- .Why did the crew of the Titanic ignore the first of several iceberg warnings?
A) The warnings did not make much sense at first.
B) They thought the other ships were playing a practical joke on them
because it was their maiden voyage.
C) The captain ordered them to ignore the warnings.
D) No one believed that an iceberg could sink the Titanic.
4- What do Pelayo and Elisenda think the Old Man is? What does their
neighbour think?
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………..
5- How does the winged man change the lives of Pelayo and Elisenda?
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Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1
6- How do the townspeople initially react to the old man? How does their
attitude toward him change over time?
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12- Explain how this story could be seen as revealing the theme ‘we wish
for miracles, but when they come, we cannot accept them”
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13- Review the uses of irony in this story. List three uses of irony that you
find most entertaining, or most shocking and give reasons for your choice.
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`1. What question is the prepositional phrase answering? Inside the room,
kids sat quietly, wishing their guardians would return soon.
A. What kind or Which one(s)? C. How or Why?
B. How many? D. When or Where?
2-Which word in the sentence is the prepositional phrase modifying? The boys
were running with the man from the center.
A. Boys C. Man
B. Walking D. Center
3. What question is the prepositional phrase answering? The boys were
running with the man from the center.
A. How or When? C. What kind
58 or Which one(s)?
Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1
This training should not be limited to those who can afford private training. Safety is for
everyone; give us what we deserve. Hector Alba
3. Present one flaw in the writer’s argument. Then explain the logical fallacy.
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4. 4 Why do insurance companies charge a lower rate to teens who have taken
driver’s education classes?
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5. What emotion does Hector Alba appeal to when he describes a student who
receives a license without any training and then gets into an accident?
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B: Choose a country that interests you, and write an informative essay that
describes the everyday activities of a student your age who lives in that country.
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