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Manarat Almostaqbal Language School

English Department
Grade 10

AL (FINAL REVISION )
BASED ON

Elements of literature
Collection 4
Collection 7
Grammar
Lessons 24/25/26/27
Word sharp
Lessons 10,11 & 12
Model Exam
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Elements of Literature
Collection 4
Literary Focus
What is a symbol?
A symbol is a person, place, thing, or event to which we have attached a
special meaning.
Types of symbolism
1- Personal symbols 2- Public symbols

• Public symbols are widely recognized


Personal symbols have special meaning throughout a culture and sometimes
for an individual. even universally. They often have
been handed down over time- are
widely known- show up in art and
literature

Allegory
The characters, setting, and actions of an allegory all stand for something
beyond themselves, such as
• abstract ideas
• moral qualities
• historical figures or events
What is an allegory?
- An allegory is often a story in which all of the characters
symbolize certain vices and virtues.
Irony
Irony is the difference between what we expect and what actually happens.
Writers use irony to reflect the real world—one where expectations aren’t
always fulfilled and unexpected events surprise us.

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There are three basic types of irony:


- verbal irony
- situational irony
- dramatic irony

Verbal Irony
Verbal irony occurs when someone says one thing but means the opposite. It
(I am thrilled that we have exam today) someone saying “Just what I
needed”, after spilling coffee on their shirt on the way to an important
meeting.

Situational Irony:
Situational irony occurs when an event is not just surprising but
actually contrary to what we expected.
The dentist was surprised to find a cavity when she examined her own dental
X-rays.

Dramatic Irony:
Dramatic irony occurs when we know something the character does not.
SYMBOLISM AND IRONY
Match each of the following literary elements to the phrase
that best describes it.
1. personal symbols
2. dramatic irony
3. situational irony
4. verbal irony
5. allegory
6. public symbols

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A) a type of story in which the characters and settings symbolize abstract


ideas or states of being
B) when elements of the story represent certain cultural ideas
C) a situation in which the reader knows something that a character does
not know
D) when elements of the story are invested with deeper connections and
associations, specific to that story
E) a situation in which someone says one thing but means the opposite
F) a situation or person that turns out to be the opposite of what the reader
expects
LITERARY ELEMENTS Match each of the following elements to the
phrase that best describes it. Not all phrases will be used.
7. irony A) the place in which a story takes place
B) hints about events that will occur later in the plot
8. magic realism C) a story that combines fantasy and reality
D) a broad statement based on the details of the story
9. setting
E) a clash between expectations and reality
F) investing elements of the story with
10. symbolism meaning beyond themselves
11. foreshadowing
12. generalizatio
LITERARY ANALYSIS Label each example with one of the terms in the word
box. Each term could be used more than once.
situational irony verbal irony generalization symbolism
13. The woman covered the mirrors with black sheets.

14. A house fire was accidentally set by two firemen.

15. It was Mr. Smith’s love for his daughter that made him vulnerable.

16. The lifeguard posted a signing saying that no water was allowed near the
swimming area.

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Collection 4:
” A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings”

Stench n very bad smell. The dead fish gave off an


unbearable stench.
Impeded v obstructed; blocked, as by some The old man’s movements were
obstacle. impeded by his enormous
wings.
Frivolous not properly serious; silly. Onlookers who came in the
adj morning were less frivolous
than those earlier visitors,
who treated the angel as if it
were a circus animal.
Prudence n Good judgement, cautiousness The priest showed prudence in
warning people that the devil
often used carnival
tricks to confuse them.
Meager adj small amount; not full or rich. The letters from Rome were
meager and showed no sense of
urgency

1- What do Pelayo and Elisenda think the Old Man is? What does their
neighbour think?
Pelayo and Elisenda think he is a castaway, shipwrecked by a storm. The
neighbour thinks he is an angel.
2- How does the winged man change the lives of Pelayo and Elisenda?
They charge admission to see him, and the money helps them build a mansion and
live well.
3- How do the townspeople initially react to the old man? How does their
attitude toward him change over time?
They are fascinated and treat him like a “circus animal”. Eventually, they become
impatient with him and lose all interest.
4- Explain how this story could be seen as revealing the theme ‘we wish
for miracles, but when they come, we cannot accept them”
The ignorance, insensitivity, and disrespect shown by Pelayo, Elisenda, and the
townspeople in dealing with the old man suggest this theme.

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5- Review the uses of irony in this story. List three uses of irony that
you find most entertaining, or most shocking and give reasons for
your choice.
Three uses of irony might include the angel’s decrepit appearance (readers expect
an angel to be beautiful), the casual, cruel treatment of the angel (readers expect
angels to be treated with respect), and the townspeople’s eventual loss of interest in
the angel (they prefer a woman who was changed into a spider.
6- What details in this story illustrate the characteristics of magic
realism- that is, what details are fantastic? What details are
commonplace and realistic?
Fantastic details include a man with wings who fell out of the sky. Realistic details
include the man being old and the description of his dirty feathers.
7- given that the old man is an angel, what is ironic about the way he is
treated?
Instead of being cleaned up and restored to his angelic state, he is left dirty, placed
in degrading conditions, and treated like a form of circus animal.
8- According to the priest, why is the winged man not an angel?
The winged man does not understand Latin, the language of God, and does not
know how to greet the priest.
9- How are the priest’s requests and Rome’s replies ironic?
It is ironic that the letters from Rome show no urgency or call for action, when the
winged man might be a celestial being. This part of the story mocks the
intelligence of the ministry
10- What is ironic about the angel’s miracles?
The angel’s miracles are ironic because angels are supposed to be able to cure
people of their problems, whereas this angel supposedly performs small miracles
that have nothing to do with the people’s original problems or ailments.
11- What is ironic about Pelayo and Elisenda’s fear that the angel will
die?
Angels are usually assumed/supposed to be immortal, Elisenda and Pelayo are not
upset about the man dying but they are concerned that they do not know what to do
with a dead angel.

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Complete the following sentences:


(Prudence-stench-meager-frivolous- impeded)

1. What seems _______________________ to some can be truly significant to


others.
2. Laura’s entrance was _______________________ by a large group of people
standing in the aisle.
3. Ignoring the _______________________, Miguel and Sam left the overflowing
garbage in their kitchen.
4. The community’s _____________________ financial support meant that the
literacy group had to cancel all reading programs for the year.
5. Showing more _______________________ than his brothers, Joe was able to
buy a used car as soon as he got his driver’s license.
COMPREHENSION Circle the letter of the best answer to each of the following items.

1.Why was the angel in Pelayo and Elisenda’s backyard?


A) He was looking for shelter from the rainstorm.
B) He was kicked out of heaven.
C) He was shipwrecked.
D) He fell out of the sky.
2.How does the angel react to his visitors?
A) He yells at them in a language they cannot understand.
B) He asks them for mothballs.
C) He ignores them.
D) He shows them how to fly.
3. Why is the spider lady more interesting to the people than the angel?
A) The spider lady is a miracle healer.
B) The spider lady openly shares her story.
C) The spider lady can predict the future.
D) The spider lady spins a web.

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4. What details about Pelayo and Elisenda hint that they care about the angel?
A) They let him take care of the baby.
B) They took him to see the spiderwoman so they compare experiences.
C) They let him sleep in the shed when the chicken coop fell down.
D) They let him have visitors.

5. What happened in December, after the child started school?


A) The angel turned into a spider.
B) The child died.
C) The angel’s feathers began to grow back.
D) The angel’s wings fell off, and he became human.

6. What happened at the end of the story?


A) The townspeople discovered that they were all really angels.
B) The townspeople discovered that the angel was really a man.
C) The angel flew away.
D) The angel died.
DIRECTIONS: Match the vocabulary word on the left with the best definition
on the right.
1. stench a. silly
2. Impeded b. inadequate
3. Frivolous c. blocked
4. prudence d. stink
5. meager e. carefulness

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COMPREHENSION, SKILLS, AND VOCABULARY Circle the letter of the


best answer to each of the following items.

1. Which of the following is an example of magical realism?


A) a woman who becomes a spider
B) a child with a high fever
C) a man who loses his sight
D) crabs on a beach

2. What does the family do with the old man?


A) They put him in jail.
B) They bring him to the circus.
C) They bring him to the church.
D) They lock him in the chicken coop.

3. The stench of the old man


A) smells fragrant
B) smells terrible
C) holds his wings together
D) protects him from harm

4. What do Pelayo and Elisenda at first think the old man is?
A) a god
B) the devil
C) a castaway from a ship
D) an angel who has fallen from grace

5. Which detail appeals to the reader’s senses?


A) “stew of mud”
B) “desire to eat”
C) “happy with fatigue”
D) “huge decrepit hen”

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LITERARY AND READING SKILLS Circle the letter of the best answer.

6. Which of the following is the best example of monitoring reading?


A) acting out a story
B) asking questions while reading
C) rereading a story for enjoyment
D) reading for a certain period of time

7. Using an object to stand for a deeper meaning is


A) Satire
B) Symbolism
C) Personification
D) figurative language

8. Which of the following is an example of magic realism?


A) a boy who tests himself
B) a magician who performs tricks
C) a tree that suddenly sprouts balloons
D) an herb that can be used to heal people

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R.M.S. Titanic
by Hanson W. Baldwin

A primary source is original material that has not been interpreted by other
writers.
Examples:
• autobiographies
• letters
• oral histories
• eyewitness accounts
• A primary source has the advantage of being a firsthand account of an event.
• The disadvantage of a primary source is that it includes only one person’s
perspective.
• A primary source may be unreliable, especially if it is highly subjective, or
based heavily on emotion or opinion.
• A secondary source is based on other sources. Information is
interpreted, summarized, or retold by another writer.
Examples:
• encyclopedias
• textbooks
• biographies
• newspaper and magazine articles
• A secondary source, such as “R.M.S. Titanic,” often covers the topic more
broadly.
• Broader coverage doesn’t necessarily mean the source is objective, or
factual, though. Writers sometimes include their opinions and feelings on the
topic.
Important words:
ascertain v.: find out with certainty; determine.
corroborated v.: supported; upheld the truth of.
perfunctory adj.: done with little care or thought; indifferent.
pertinent adj.: having some association with the subject.

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What are some different sources of information we could use?

Survivors’ accounts • Documentaries about the Titanic • Artefacts retrieved from


the wreck of the Titanic • Reports made after officials investigated the disaster •
Newspaper reports from the days following the disaster • Investigating the wreck
of the Titanic • Books about the Titanic • Photographs taken of the Titanic •
Internet sources e.g. websites and pictures • Filmed footage of the Titanic •
Talking to experts on the Titanic

COMPREHENSION Circle the letter of the best answer to each of the


following items.
1. Why did the crew of the Titanic ignore the first of several iceberg
warnings?
A) The warnings did not make much sense at first.
B) They thought the other ships were playing a practical joke on them
because it was their maiden voyage.
C) The captain ordered them to ignore the warnings.
D) No one believed that an iceberg could sink the Titanic.

2. Early on, why were lifeboats lowered to the water only partially full?
A) Because men were not allowed to go into the lifeboats
B) Because the passengers did not really believe that the Titanic was
sinking
C) Because there were plenty of other lifeboats to use
D) Because the passengers preferred to go down with the ship

3. Which of the following contributed to the crew’s confusion about the


use of the lifeboats?
A) There were too many lifeboats.
B) Many did not know to which lifeboat they were assigned.
C) There had been too many practice drills using the lifeboats.
D) The captain gave inconsistent information to the crew.

4. Why didn’t the Californian respond to the Titanic’s calls for help?
A) The captain of the Californian was afraid to risk the lives of his crew
and passengers.
B) The Californian had its radio turned off and so did not receive the
Titanic’s calls.
C) The ship’s crew did not see the rocket flares.
D) The ship had already turned away and did not want to turn back.

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5. What could have been done to prevent the Titanic tragedy?


A) The ship could have been going faster, thereby crushing the iceberg.
B) The band could have stopped playing sooner.
C) The ship could have heeded the iceberg warnings.
D) Nothing; it was doomed from the start.

6. Which of the following is true about the information provided in “A


Fireman’s Story”?
A) It is a matter-of-fact account of very emotional events.
B) It includes the Italian woman’s thoughts.
C) It is a highly emotional account of the mechanical details of the ship.
D) It includes many details about the condition of the ship.

7. What information was corroborated by multiple witnesses?


A) The crew did their best to save as many people as possible.
B) The band stopped playing when the ship began to sink.
C) The lifeboats were only partially full.
D) The iceberg ripped a three-hundred-foot slash in the side of the Titanic.

VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Match the definition with the vocabulary


word listed below. On the line provided, write the letter of the correct
vocabulary word. Some words may be used more than once.
A) Ascertain
B) Pertinent
C) Corroborated
D) Perfunctory

8. _____ done with little care or thought


9. _____ supported
10. _____ having some association with the subject
11. _____ indifferent
12. _____ find out with certainty; determine

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INFORMATIONAL TEXT FOCUS Circle the letter of the best answer to


each of the following items.

13. Which of the following pieces is a secondary source?


A) “The Seventh Man” C) “A Fireman’s Story”
B) “R.M.S. Titanic” D) “From a Lifeboat”

14. Which of the following pieces is a primary source?


A) “The Seventh Man” C) “The Man in the Water
B) “R.M.S. Titanic” D) “From a Lifeboat”

15. Which of the following sentences contains objective detail?


A) “She was not the largest ship afloat, but was believed to be the safest.”
B) “The monster was almost upon them now.”
C) “Out of the dark she came, a vast, dim, white, monstrous shape directly
in the Titanic’s path.”
D) “The greatest ship in the world has sunk.”

16. The description in Mrs. D.H. Bishop’s account of survivors in the


water who would likely have “swarmed aboard” and sunk the lifeboat is—
A) Corroborated C) subjective
B) Pertinent D) objective

17. Which of the following sentences contains both objective and


subjective detail?
A) “Murdoch, in charge of the starboard side, eyes tragic, but calm and
cool, orders boat No. 7 lowered.”
B) “Past Spithead and the Isle of Wight the Titanic steamed.”
C) “. . . her sister, the Olympic—slightly smaller than the Titanic—had
been in service for some months . . .”
D) “She was due at quarantine the following Wednesday morning.”

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COMPREHENSION, SKILLS, AND VOCABULARY Circle the letter of the


best answer to each of the following items.

1. Which of the following is the most pertinent detail about the Titanic?
A) It was part of the White Star Line.
B) It was slightly larger than the Olympic.
C) It was believed to be the safest ship ever built.
D) Messages were received in a room called the Marconi cabin.

2. “A Fireman’s Story” is an example of


A) a primary source C) historical fiction
B) a secondary source D) a persuasive essay

3. The word corroborated means


A) supported the truth of something
B) gave eyewitness testimony
C) disagreed with something
D) misunderstood something

4. Why didn’t the Californian come to the rescue of the Titanic?


A) It was too far away.
B) The captain feared that it would also hit an iceberg.
C) The captain feared that it would capsize if it took on passengers.
D) The radio operator had fallen asleep and didn’t get the distress signal.

5. Why didn’t some of the lifeboats turn back to pick up people in the
water?
A) None had men on board who could row the lifeboats.
B) They were too far away to reach the people in the water.
C) The people feared that the passengers would overturn the boats.
D) The people in the water died instantly, before the lifeboats could reach
them.

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Questions
1. The Titanic was:
A British ship
B. An American ship.
C. A French ship.
D. A German ship.
2. The Titanic was powered by:
A. Gasoline engines.
B. Diesel engines.
C. Steam engines.
D. Wind, using sails.
3. The Titanic sank on its:
A. Maiden voyage.
B. Second voyage.
C. Third voyage.
D. Tenth voyage.
4. When it sank, the Titanic was traveling from England to:
A. Paris
B. Chicago
C. Washington D.C.
D. New York City.
5. The Titanic sank in the year of:
A. 1812
B. 1865
C. 1912
D. 1976
6. On the night of April 14th, the Titanic:
A. Struck another ship.
B. Struck an iceberg.
C. Was torpedoed by a submarine.
D. Exploded due to a minefield.

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7. The Titanic sank in the:


A. Atlantic Ocean.
B. Pacific Ocean.
C. Indian Ocean.
D. Mediterranean Sea.

8. The captain of the Titanic:


A. Survived the sinking in a lifeboat.
B. Went down with the ship.
C. Had many accidents before the sinking of Titanic.
D. Was on his first voyage as a ship captain.

9. The Titanic sank:


A. In one hour.
B. In less than three hours.
C. In seven hours.
None of the above

10. On the Titanic, there was a shortage of:


A. Life vests.
B. Life boats.
C. Diesel fuel.
D. Gasoline.
1. M1ost of the deaths on the Titanic were caused by:
A. Drowning
B. Hypothermia
C. Objects falling on them when the ship sank.
D. Shark attacks.

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Collection 7, Poetry
Poetic terms:
Imagery • It is language that appeals to our five senses and
creates images in our minds.

Figures of • A figure of speech is language in which one thing


speech is described in terms of another.
• Three common figures of speech are simile,
metaphor, and personification.

Simile • A simile uses a connective word such as like, as,


than, or resembles to compare two seemingly
unlike things. “ A wind comes …. Like spray
across the town”

Metaphor • A metaphor is a more forceful comparison than


a simile. It compares two unlike things without
using a connective word.
“Life is a highway” An implied metaphor suggests a
comparison between two things instead of stating it directly.

Personification • Personification is a figure of speech in which a


nonhuman thing or an abstract idea is talked
about as if it were human.
“the wind-flowers fling their heads back”
Meter
a strict rhythmic pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables
in each line.

Metrical poetry is made up of metrical units called feet. A


foot consists of at least one stressed syllable and usually one
or more unstressed syllables.

Free verse
Free verse is poetry that does not have a regular meter or
rhyme scheme.

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Rhyme Rhyme is the repetition of the accented vowel sound and any
subsequent sounds in words close together. See-free/tricky-
picky

End rhyme End rhyme is rhyme that occurs at the ends of lines.

Internal rhyme Internal rhyme is rhyme within a line.

Exact rhyme Rhymes may be exact or approximate.


heart—start
flicker—thicker

Onomatopoeia Onomatopoeia is the use of words that sound like what they
mean.

Sonnet A sonnet is a fourteen-line lyric poem, usually about love.


The English sonnet consists of three quatrains (four-line
stanzas) followed by a couplet (a pair of rhyming lines) at
the end.

Steps to help
unlock a 1. Look for punctuation that tells where
poem’s sentences—and complete thoughts—begin and
meaning end.
2. Rearrange inverted sentences, phrases, and
words in your mind by placing subjects, verbs,
and complements in the traditional order.
3. Finally, paraphrase, or restate in your own
words, each line of the poem to ensure that you
understand it.

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Collection 7- Poetry
“Shall I Compare thee to a Summer’s Day”
Sonnet 18
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,
Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

Sonnet 18 Paraphrase
Does it make sense for me to compare you [my love] to a beautiful day in
summer? Actually, you're prettier and even better, even calmer [than a
summery day]. Because sometimes, even in May, it gets windy and the
buds on the trees get shaken off. And sometimes summer seems like it
doesn't last very long. It could be that the sun is way too hot, or other times
the sun might be obscured [by clouds or bad weather]. And honestly,
everything gorgeous loses its looks over time. This might happen by sheer
bad luck, or simply because everyone and everything gets old in time.
BUT [and here's the point] you are going to keep your [“summery”] looks
forever. And no, you won’t lose the beauty you possess. Neither will
Death [personified] be able to claim that He owns you [He can’t steal you
away from me by taking you to his dark place], once I’ve immortalized you
in this poem that I’m writing. For as long as people can breathe or see,
that’s as long as my poem will live on. It’s my poem that will allow the
memory of your beauty to live on forever

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Important vocabulary:
temperate adj.: not too hot or too cold; mild; moderate in behavior; self-
restrained.
complexion n.: appearance of the skin, especially the face.
Figures of speech and analysis:
Line 4: Metaphor “And summer’s lease hath all too short a date”
Summer is compared to something leased for a short time.
Stanza 2, Line 5: metaphor “sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines”
The sun is compared to the eye of heaven.
Line 5: personification “the eye of heaven”
Heaven is personified as a human being who can see.
Line 6: personification “And often is his gold complexion dimm’d”
The sun is personified as a human being with a face and complexion.
Line 7: Aletration “And every fair from fair sometime declines”
Stanza 3, line 9: metaphor “But thy eternal summer shall not fade”
The poet compares the beauty of his beloved to summer.
Line 11: Personification “Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade”
Death is described as a braggart, boasting of his power.

LITERARY AND READING SKILLS Circle the letter of the best answer.

6. Which of the following is an example of a metaphor?


A) You are my sunshine.
B) A baby is as soft as a spring breeze.
C) The soup pot bubbles and squeaks.
D) The road is icy, slick, and dangerous.
7. Which words appeal to your sense of taste?
A) thick jam
B) purple grapes
C) ripe, juicy berries
D) berries on the vine

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8. “Strike straight” is an example of


A) Meter
B) Alliteration
C) Personification
D) figurative language

Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?, William Shakespeare


Collection 7 Selection Test

COMPREHENSION, SKILLS, AND VOCABULARY Circle the letter of the


best answer to each of the following items.

1. What was the author’s purpose in writing this sonnet?


A) He wanted to describe a summer’s day.
B) He wanted to practice writing with personification.
C) He wanted to tell someone how beautiful she was.
D) He wanted to compare someone he loved to a summer’s day.

2. “So long lives this, and this gives life to thee” means
A) the day makes the subject feel alive
B) time goes on forever and so the subject will always be remembered
C) as long as she’s beautiful she will always be alive
D) the poem is memorializing the subject and keeping her alive in
people’s minds

3. What is the best paraphrase of line 3: “Rough winds do shake the


darling buds of May…”?
A) Rough wind shakes the buds of May.
B) May buds are shaken by rough winds.
C) The wind shakes the buds on the trees.
D) Shaken by rough winds are the darling buds of May.

4. What is the meaning of the word temperate?


A) moody; sensitive
B) short-tempered; impatient
C) mild; moderate; self-restrained
D) having the same temperature as

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5. When the sun’s complexion is dimmed,


A) the sun is rising
B) the sun is not shining
C) the person is feeling sad
D) the sun is shining brightly

6. What is the meaning of fair in this line from “Shall I Compare Thee to a
Summer’s Day?”: “And every fair from fair sometimes declines”?
A Beauty
B Sunny, clear weather
C Festival or carnival
D Honesty

7. The sonnet “Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?” is about—


A) love and summer
B) love and marriage
C) love and poetry’s power
D) love and death

8. When the speaker in “Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?,” says,


“Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, / And summer’s lease hath all too
short a date,” he means—
A) May showers make the flowers of summer more beautiful
B) storms can ruin the beauty of summer which is a very short season
C) summer is too short, and you are too beautiful for the season
D) time is short, so we should love each other before summer ends

9- A Shakespearian sonnet has – ……….

(a) 3 quatrains and a couplet

(b) 4 quatrains and a couplet

(c) An octet and a sestate

(d) An octed and a couplet

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10- ‘The eye of heaven’ refers to

(a) Moon

(b) Sun

(c) Star

(d) God

VOCABULARY SKILL Match the archaic word with a possible modern


word listed below.

A) Your 11. _____ thee


B) You 12. _____ hath
C) Own 13. _____ thy
D) Are 14. _____ art
E) Has 15. _____ ow’st

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Grammar Section
Lesson 24
Improving your spelling
Find the word which is spelt correctly from the given words.
1-
a) Skilful c) Skilfull
b) Skillfull d) Skillful
2-
a) ocurence c) occurance
b) occurence d) occurrence
3-
a) deciseev c) decisive
b) decesive d) decesieve

4-
a) truelly c) trully
b) truely d) truly
5-
a) seperatley c) separatly
b) seperately d) separately
6-
a) hazzardous c) hazardus
b) hazardous d) hazardos
7-
a) embarrassed c) embarased
b) embarrassed d) embarassed
8-
a) Overleped c) Overelaped
b) Overlaped d) Overlapped
9-
a) recommendation c) reccomandation
b) recomendation d) reccomendation

10-
a) Reeceding c) Recedeing
b) Receeding d) Receding

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In the following questions, four words have been written out of which three are
correctly spelt and one is wrongly spelt. find out the misspelt word from among the
groups of four words.
1-
a) seize c) believe
b) decieve d) reign

2-
a) Summarize c) Suicide
b) Suiteable d) Superficial
3-
a) Perceive c) Deceive
b) Conneive d) Acheive
4-
a) evidence c) preference
b) providence d) attendence
5-
a) normally c) effectively
b) genorally d) grandly

6-
a) unmindful c) skilfull
b) beautiful d) careful
7-
a) succeed c) succession
b) succesor d) successful
8-
a) succeed c) exceed
b) superseed d) proceed
9-
a) deceive c) perceive
b) receive d) beleive
10-
a) Writer c) Winner
b) Winning d) Writting

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Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1

11-
a) Neice c) Leisure
b) Conceive d) Reign
12-
a) ferocious c) obnoxcious
b) pernicious d) mendacious

Lesson 25
Writing with Details: prepositional phrase
Prepositional Phrase - Key takeaways
 A prepositional phrase is a group of words consisting of a preposition,
an object, and any modifiers.
 Prepositional phrases are used to show the relationship between other words
in a sentence. They are most commonly used to indicate the relationships
between time, space, location, and direction.
 There are three types of prepositional phrases: adjective prepositional
phrases, adverb prepositional phrases, and prepositional phrases acting
as a noun.
 Commas should be used with prepositional phrases when they are being
used as introductory phrases, when they are nonrestrictive phrases, and when
the prepositional phrase contains a gerund.

 An example of a prepositional phrase is, 'The cat is on the kitchen table.'

Using prepositional phrases in your writing


Below are just a few examples of common prepositional phrases. You most likely
already use some of these in everyday conversation and in your writing. It is good
to think about which ones you already use, and use this information to deepen your
understanding of how prepositional phrases work.

Above all Around the clock


On account of At a loss
Through the looking glass After many tries
At first glance To a certain degree
Between you and me In common

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Types of prepositional phrases


There are three types of prepositional phrases. There are the two we have already covered
briefly: adjective prepositional phrases and adverb prepositional phrases, as well
as prepositional phrases acting as a noun.

Adjective prepositional phrases and adverb prepositional phrases are the most common, so
let's begin with those!

Adjective prepositional phrases


An adjective prepositional phrase acts as an adjective in a sentence, meaning it provides
extra information about the noun.

The server at the restaurant was very helpful.


Let's break this sentence down:
Noun = The server
Preposition = at
Object = the restaurant
Adjective prepositional phrase = at the restaurant
The phrase contains the preposition 'at' and gives more information about 'the server', which
is the noun.
Adverb prepositional phrases
An adverb prepositional phrase acts as the adverb in the sentence, meaning it gives extra
information about the verb.

We always have a family dinner on Saturday nights.


Verb = have
Preposition = on
Subject = Saturday night
Adverb prepositional phrase = on Saturday nights
The prepositional phrase tells us when family dinner happens.

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Identify the complete prepositional phrase.


1. Franken-Truck jumped recklessly over a burning pile of cars.

a) over b) over cars


c) over a pile of cars d) over a burning pile of cars

2. Lugnut landed roughly on the dirt track and created a thick dust cloud.
a) on the dirt b) on the dirt track
c) roughly on the dirt track d) on the dirt track and made
3. Jane was buried under the wreckage.
a) was buried b) under the wreckage
c) buried under the wreckage d) was buried under the wreckage

4. Lugnut boastfully crossed the finish line on two wheels.

a) on two wheels b) the finish line


c) the finish line on two wheels d) crossed the finish line on two wheels

5. A poisonous cloud of smoke poured from Lugnut's exhaust pipe.

a) from Lugnut's b) from Lugnut's exhaust


c) poured from Lugnut's d) from Lugnut's exhaust pipe

6. King Crush won the race by a giant chrome bumper.

a) chrome bumper b) giant chrome bumper


c) a giant chrome bumper d) by a giant chrome bumper

7. When King Crush drove into the stadium, all the children cheered.
a) into the b) into the stadium
c) drove into the stadium d) King Crush drove into the stadium

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8. King Crush is renowned for his power jumps.


a) power jumps b) his power jumps
c) for his power jumps d) renowned for his power jumps
Choose the correct answer:
9. What is a prepositional phrase made up of?
a) A preposition and a verb. c) An adjective and a noun.
b) A preposition and a noun or pronoun. d) A verb and an adverb.
10. Find the prepositional phrase in this sentence:
Kathy the baker mailed a big package to her grandson.
a) Kathy the baker c) to her grandson
b) mailed a big package d) the baker mailed
11. Which sentence does NOT contain a prepositional phrase?
a) The neighbors are grilling behind the c) The kids are playing in the yard.
house. d) Before lunch, they played a
b) They are eating burgers and hot game of horseshoes
dogs.
12. What is the function of a prepositional phrase in a sentence?
a) To describe an action. c) To show the relationship between two
b) To indicate the subject of the words.
sentence. d) To express an emotion.

13. Which word in a prepositional phrase is always a noun or pronoun?


a) The preposition. c) The adjective.
d) The object of the preposition.
b) The verb.

14.Which of the following is a prepositional phrase?

a) The cat ran. c) The dog barked loudly.


b) Across the street. d) She sang a song.

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Choose the correct prepositional phrase:


1. You can trust John to have everything _____.
a) over control c) for control
b) through control d) under control

2. Those customers are ____ the most demanding we've ever had.
a) so far c) from far
b) by far d) since far

3. Unfortunately, I might have to leave for Boston _____.


a) for short notice c) on short notice
b) to short notice d) at short notice

4. _____, you're just going to have to try and get along with your new boss.
a) To better or worse c) For better or worse
b) From better or worse d) Through better or worse

5. It'll cost $500 _____.


a) at most c) to most
b) for most d) under most

6. I think we'll go to the mountains this year _____.


a) under a change c) for a change
b) through a change d) to a change

7. They learned all their lines for the play _____.


a) for heart c) from heart
b) by heart d) to heart

8. They should arrive by six o'clock _____.


a) at the latest c) in the latest
b) for the latest d) to the latest
9. You've arrived _____!
a) to last c) in last
b) for last d) at last
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10. Things are going badly and then,_____ , good things start happening and
you're on your way to better times.
a) under warning c) at warning
b) without warning d) from warning

11. Our teacher knows all the students ____ even though there are more than 40
of us.
1. from name 3. in name
2. by name 4. to name

12. ____, he finally decided to go ahead with the new marketing project.
a) From any rate c) In any rate
b) To any rate d) At any rate

13. It seems that our investment is _____ , so I'll need to fly to our
headquarters to discuss the situation.
a) in risk c) from risk
b) to risk d) at risk

14. You should have waited ____ a half an hour.


a) from least c) to least
b) at least d) until least

15. Janet assured them that she would have finished the report ____.
a) until then c) at then
b) by then d) to then

16. All I can say is that, _____ , you're going to have to spend more time
practicing your listing comprehension skills.
a) at personal experience c) from personal experience
b) of personal experience d) in personal experience

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Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1

Lesson 26
Writing with Details: Adverbials and Appositives

Difference between adverb and adverbial

Examples of Adverbials in a Sentence


Using adverbials in your sentences can make your writing more interesting to the
reader. Examples of adverbials in a sentence include:
 During the week, I walk to the village.

 Olivia plays basketball as well as her sister.


 Put the dog food right here.
 The bride was really quite lovely.
 Mr. Tucker thought the class went surprisingly well.
 Let's go to the party to meet some new people.
 After an hour, Melissa decided to take a break from studying.
 They sang loudly as they decorated the tree.
Notice that in the last sentence, "loudly" is an adverb that is not part of the
adverbial phrase. It modifies the verb "sang," as does the phrase "as they decorated
the tree," but it is a separate part of the sentence.
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What Is an Appositive
An appositive is a noun or pronoun or series of nouns that are placed next to
another noun or pronoun or noun phrase so as to explain or identify or rename it
precisely. The main objective of using an appositive is to provide some additional
information about the noun in the sentence. This additional information can be
erased from the sentence if required. Generally, an appositive phrase follows the
word, it identifies or explains, but it is not necessary that it should always come
after the word. It can also precede the word. The poets and writers use appositive
phrases in order to make their poetry and stories more rich and interesting for
readers.

Appositives are identified in the sentence with the help of commas. However, in
some sentences, we do not use comma around the appositive. Generally, when a
sentence is clear and concise and the information is essential and justify the
sentence, then we do not use commas before or after the appositive. For instance,
American astronaut Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. Let
us see the use of appositive in sentences.

Example sentence starting with appositive

• Your brother, Tony is playing a football tournament at the stadium.


• Your friend, Christina won her first trophy in the dance competition.
• My neighbor, Justin bought a new sports car.
• A man with great strength, Tom was able to pull the heavy vehicle.
• Dressed in a teal colored evening gown, Sasha was the center of attraction in
the party.

Example sentences with appositive in between the sentence

• An ostrich, a large and heavy flightless bird, scared the onlookers at the zoo.
• The insect, a small and hairy creature, scared me.
• Mrs. Rose, my neighbor, is a good human being.
• Jane and Henry, my friends, are planning to join a music club.
• Tokyo, the capital of Japan, has sophisticated railways.

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Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1

Identify the Adverbial phrases in each sentence given below:

1. The salesman went door to door to promote his new product.


2. The dancers moved to and fro across the stage in perfect unison.
3. They left their home country to pursue better opportunities in a foreign
country.
4. News of the celebrity scandal spread far and wide, causing a media frenzy.
5. She keeps her ex-boyfriend at arm’s length.
6. I saw Lisa earlier, but now she’s nowhere to be found, maybe she went
somewhere else.
7. You can find that brand at all places that sell cosmetics.
8. The crime scene investigator found a clue on this spot that led to the
perpetrator’s arrest.
9. Rocky ran at a great speed to win the race.
10.It’s impossible for humans to survive on the moon without proper
equipment.
11.I climbed up on the roof to get a better view of the sunset.
12.The host warmly welcomed the guests and told them to make themselves at
home.

Choose the most suitable answer that identifies the appositive in the
sentence.
1. My brother Erik has planned to go Mauritius next month.
a) Erik c) My brother Erik
b) My brother d) None of the above

2. The bird, a parrot, was imitating my words.


a) The bird c) The bird a parrot
b) A parrot d) None of the above

3. I really like my uncle’s dog Ginger.


a) I really like c) Ginger
b) My uncle’s dog d) All of the above

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4. Mr. Samuel, the English professor at my college, carries an umbrella every


day.
a) Mr. Samuel c) An umbrella
b) The English professor at my college d) Every day

5. Jenny’s dog Oscar is a Labrador.


a) Jenny’s dog c) Labrador
b) Oscar d) All of the above

6. Little Angel, a large toy store is located near my house.


a) Little Angel c) A large toy store
b) My house d) Located

7. Tom and Rose, Tom’s wife, are business partners.


a) Business partners c) Tom’s wife
b) Tom and Rose d) None of the above

8. My cousins Sara and Sanya are identical twins.


a) My cousins c) Identical
b) Sara and Sanya d) Twins

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Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1

Lesson 27
Writing with Concord: Parallel Structure

Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more
ideas have the same level of importance. This can happen at the word, phrase, or
clause level. The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use of coordinating
conjunctions such as "and" or "or."

Parallel structure levels


 With words
A parallel structure that begins with a word must continue with similar words and
word endings.

He gave me the sun, the moon, and the stars. (nouns) Mary likes hiking,
swimming, and bicycling.(gerunds) I love green, red, and white balloons.
(adjectives)
She spoke quietly, slowly, and clearly. (adverbs)

 With phrases
A parallel structure that begins with a phrase must continue with similar phrases.
He walked around the house, through the garden, and out of the gate. (prepositional
phrase) Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to ride a bicycle. (infinitive phrase)
OR
Mary likes to hike, swim, and ride a bicycle.
(Note: You can use "to" before all the verbs in a sentence or only before the first
one.)

 With clauses
A parallel structure that begins with a clause must continue with clauses.
The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, not eat too much, and do
some warm- up exercises before the game.
 With lists
Be sure to keep all the elements in a list in the same form.
The dictionary can be used for these purposes: to find word meanings, pronunciations,
correct spellings, and irregular verbs.
The toys were everywhere -- under the table, on the couch, and in the closet.
 With Correlative Conjunctions
correlative conjunctions consist of two words paired together. Some
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common correlative conjunctions are: not only… but also, neither/either… or, whether…
or, as many as. Here are some examples of sentences with correlative conjunctions
where parallel structure is used correctly.

 Not only was she tired, but she was also sick to her stomach.
 Neither snow nor rain can keep me from you.
 I do not know whether the recipe calls for baking soda or baking powder.
 There are as many desks as there are students

Mixed structures are not parallel

Switching to a different pattern within a sentence or changing the voice of a verb (from
active to passive or vice versa) will break the parallelism. To check if the structure is
parallel, line up the lead-in word with each separate section of the pattern.

1. Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle. likes hiking likes swimming
likes to ride [does not match the pattern of gerunds; can be changed to ‘riding’

 Mary likes hiking, swimming, and riding a bicycle.

2. The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately, and
in a detailed manner.
write quickly write accurately
write in a detailed manner [does not match the pattern of adverbs; can be changed to
‘thoroughly’ & have the same meaning]

 The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately, and
thoroughly.

3.The teacher said that he was a poor student because he waited until the last minute to
study for the exam, completed his lab problems in a careless manner, and his motivation
was low.
he waited / he completed /his motivation was lo [does not match the pattern of verbs; can
be changed to ‘lacked ’]

 The teacher said that he was a poor student because he waited until the last minute
to study for the exam, completed his lab problems in a careless manner, and
lacked the motivation.

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Parallel Structures Practice Exercises

Most of the following sentences are out of balance because they lack parallel
structure. On the lines provided, rewrite each sentence, giving it parallel
structure. If a sentence already has parallel structure,write Correct.

EXAMPLE 1. Being compassionate and because she knows a lot about animals,
Jessica will make a good veterinarian. Because she is compassionate and knows a lot
about animals, Jessica will make a good veterinarian.

1. Rafael delivered his speech with confidence and enthusiastically.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. In 1923 Garrett Morgan patented a traffic light with red, yellow, and green lights
that looked very different from today’s traffic lights.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Mrs. Shapiro had heard about the new hockey league but not that there would be
a team in Greensboro.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. The selection at the downtown CD store is better than going to the mall.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. I have traveled by bus, by train, and by subway, but never by boat.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Thelma likes playing the clarinet, to march in the band, and watching the
football games.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. The advertisement claims that this toothpaste kills more germs and prevents more
cavities than any other toothpaste.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Please review the following sentences for errors in parallel structure. Correct
the sentence by rewriting it. Not all sentences are incorrect. Answers may
vary.
1. My dog is not only friendly but he is also playful.
2. We can go to the park or out dancing.
3. Jeremy likes to read historical, realistic and speculative fiction.
4. Tell Michael I said he can either do homework now or later.
5. Buying a car is not a decision to take lightly nor be careless about.
6. Tyler is for the legalization not criminalization of marijuana.
7. Sally needs a new stove, dishwasher and knives for her kitchen.
8. My first grade teacher taught me how to write, how to read and play tic-tac-toe.
9. She will not admit it nor will she be apologizing.
10. The whole wheat pasta is better than enriched wheat pasta.
11. Literature classes teach students to analyze texts, think critically, and have better writing
12. Beets are just as nutrient rich as rutabagas even though they are not in season.

1. Mia likes playing Ludo, carroms, and play chess.


A. Mia likes playing Ludo, carroms, and chess.
B. Mia likes playing Ludo, play carroms, and to play chess.
C. Mia likes to play Ludo, carroms, and playing chess.
D. None of the Above

2. Furniture items like desks or a chair can be made out of wood.


A. Furniture items like desks or chair can be made out of wood.
B. Furniture items like desks and chairs can be made out of wood.
C. Furniture items like a desk or chairs can be made out of wood.
D. None of the above

3. Peter likes painting, sketching, and to draw cartoons.


A. Peter likes to paint, sketching, and drawing cartoons.
B. Peter likes to paint, sketch, and drawing cartoons.
C. Peter likes painting, sketching, and drawing cartoons.
D. None of the above
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4. Kajal perfectly and with confidence presented the paper.


A. Kajal presented the paper with perfection and confidence.
B. Kajal presented the paper perfectly and confidently.
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above

5. Amal has _________.


A. A car, a bike, and a cycle.
B. A car, a bike, and she has a cycle.
C. A car and a bike, and she has a cycle.
D. None of the above.

6. Public transport such as ___________


A. Buses and a train reduces air pollution.
B. Buses or a train reduces air pollution.
C. Buses and trains reduce air pollution.
D. None of the above.

7. Karishma likes ______________.


A. Cooking, cleaning and to knit.
B. Cooking, cleaning and knitting.
C. To cook, clean and knitting.
D. None of the above.

8. For lunch I would like _________________.


A. Fried eggs and to bake potatoes.
B. Baked potatoes and to fry eggs.
C. To fry eggs and bake potatoes.
D. None of the above.

9. I like to ______.
A. Eat healthy food, sleep early and exercise regularly.
B. Eat healthy food, sleep early and to exercise regularly.
C. Eat healthy food, sleep early and I like to exercise regularly.
D. None of the Above.

10. Riya has _________.


A. A pen, a pencil, and a ruler.
B. A pen, a pencil, and she has a ruler.
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C. A pen and a pencil, and she has a ruler.


D. None of the above.

11. Parallel structure means:


A. using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the
same level of importance
B. when you select words that have the same meaning
C. using words with a variety of grammatical units throughout your writing
D. paragraphs will be of equal length throughout your piece of writing

12. Which of the phrases below is NOT an example of parallel structure?


A. Every day, Nathan wears dress pants, a freshly ironed shirt, and matching tie.
B. Nathan decided to spend the day writing lesson plans, creating videos, and
reviewing material for his class.
C. Yesterday, Nathan ran four miles, attended a town meeting, and watched television.
D. When Nathan goes to the gym, he likes to lift weights, running, and playing
basketball.

13. Which of the following sentences is grammatically nonparallel?


A. I was happy and my parents happy too when I graduated.
B. I was happy and my parents were happy too when I graduated
C. both of the above
D. neither of the above

14. Which of the following sentences is grammatically nonparallel?


A. I always have and will teach summer school.
B. I always have taught and will teach summer school.
C. both of the above
D. neither of the above

15. Which of the following sentences is grammatically nonparallel?


A. I have always and always will call my banker once per week.
B. I have always called and always will call my banker once per week.
C. both of the above
D. neither of the above

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Word sharp section


Word sharp Lesson 10
Specialized vocabulary
1-Where are you likely to find a footnote defining an unfamiliar word in your
history textbook?
a) at the bottom of the page where the word appears
b) in the margin directly next to the unfamiliar word
c) in the back of the book in which you found the word
d) in a general dictionary
2-Which type of unfamiliar word are you MOST likely to find in an instruction
manual for a printer?
a) dialect or slang
b) subject-area word
c) archaic word
d) technical word or jargon
3-Identify the field to which the highlighted word in this sentence belongs.
Writers and artists created a storyboard for the commercial and presented it
to the client.
a) law
b) medicine
c) television
d) sports
4- Which word from the sentence below is NOT a technical term?
Once the programmer found the error, he was able to debug the software.
a) programmer
b) error
c) debug
d) software
5-Identify the BEST resource for defining the highlighted word in this sentence.
The poetic style of Milton's epic Paradise Lost illustrates the technique of enjambment.
a) consulting a dictionary of literary terms
b) asking a friend who writes poetry
c) checking in a thesaurus
d) reading several passages from Paradise Lost
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6- What is the most appropriate translation of Shakespeare's use of Archaic


words when he wrote the line 'Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?'
a) Should I compare you to a summer's day?
b) Should I compare me to a summer's day?
c) Will I compare her to a summer's day?
d) Could I compare him to a summer's day
7-What is the meaning of the word "anagioplasty"?
a) A type of surgical procedure
b) A type of fish
c) A type of flower
d) A type of building material

8- What is the meaning of the word "subject area words"?


a) Words used in specific subject areas like medicine or law
b) Words unique to a particular region or group of people
c) Words that are no longer used
d) New words
9-Which of the following words is technical vocabulary?
a) Whither
b) Affidavit
c) Cover
d) File
10-Which of the following words means to conceal or protect something?
a) Cover
b) Wither
c) Lead
d) Affidavit

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11. What is the definition of liability?


a) A legal obligation or responsibility
b) A mental disorder characterized by mood swings
c) A type of car insurance coverage
d) A physical condition that causes fatigue
12. What is hypertension?
a) A type of heart surgery
b) A mental disorder characterized by panic attacks
c) A type of high blood pressure
d) A physical condition that causes joint pain
13. What is a cupola?
a) A type of musical instrument
b) A small dome-shaped structure on a roof
c) A type of cooking utensil
d) A type of flower
14. What is the meaning of the term "hoosegow"?
a) A type of bird found in North America
b) A slang term for a prison or jail
c) A technical term used in construction
d) An archaic word for a type of hat
15. Which of the following is an example of an archaic word?
a) Laptop
b) Telefax
c) Smartphone
d) Bluetooth
16. In which subject area might you encounter the term "mitosis"?
a) History
b) Mathematics
c) Biology
d) English 46
Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1

17. Which of the following is an example of an affidavit?


a) A contract
b) A medical record
c) A legal statement
d) A grocery list
81. What is the meaning of the word "exoskeleton"?
a) An internal skeleton
b) An external skeleton
c) A type of insect
d) A type of plant
19. Which of the following words is an archaic word?
a) Backpack
b) Hither
c) Textbook
d) Smartphone
20. What is the meaning of the term "dialect"?
a) A form of language spoken in a specific region
b) A form of language spoken in all regions
c) A type of sign language
d) A type of computer language
21.It is a figure of speech in which a used phrase or word is considered very
old fashioned and outdated.
a) Colloquialism
b) Slang
c) Archaic Word
d) Obsolete

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Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1

Word sharp Lesson 11


Literal and Figurative meaning
1-The figurative meaning of a word is
a) the way the word is used only in a poem or another literary work
b) a rare or unusual dictionary definition of the word
c) a way to compare a characteristic of the word to a different situation
d) the word's most commonly used meaning
2-Which of these steps should you take FIRST to determine a word's figurative
meaning?
a) Identify the context in which the word is used.
b) Think about characteristics of the literal meaning of a word.
c) Look the word up in a dictionary, and substitute the definition for the Word.
d) Ask a teacher or friend what the author means.
3-What is the figurative meaning of the highlighted word in this sentence?
Everyone says that Uncle Gustavo is a prince of a fellow.
a) a person descended from royalty
b) a kind, honest person
c) a funny, imaginative person
d) a person born in a foreign country
4-Which sentence uses dissect/dissecting in a figurative way?
a) Juana said, "I may have to take biology, but I won't dissect a frog!"
b) By dissecting the body, the medical students learned about human anatomy.
c) With this software program, you can dissect a virtual earthworm rather than
a real one.
d) I would appreciate it if you stopped dissecting every comment I make.
5-Which group of words in the sentence is a context clue that helps you figure
out the figurative meaning of jellyfish?
Victor, the main character in the story, lives the life of a jellyfish, full of weakness
and uncertainty-until the day he rescues a child from a house fire.
a) the main character in the story
b) full of weakness and uncertainty
c) the day he rescues a child
d) from a house fire
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Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1

6-What is the definition of non- literal?


a) words that sound the same but have different meanings
b) words that do not mean exactly what they say
c) words that mean exactly what they say
d) words that have the same first letter
7-Which phrase is non-literal?
a) Layton is fast.
b) Ellabell is a good artist.
c) Swayze is as sweet as honey.
d) Mrs. Walker has a black cat.
8-Which of the following is literal language?
a) I am as tall as a tree
b) I am the Einstein of my time
c) I am 12 years old
d) I am outta here like "Poof!"

9-Why might you use figurative language?


a) To say exactly what you mean
b) To hide your meaning
c) To help others figure out definitions difficult words
d) To suggest particular images, emotions, or ideas

10-You are an angel!" What is the literal meaning?


a) You are extremely happy
b) You are a kind and lovable person
c) You are dead
d) You are a messenger of God

11-"Nir is definitely a good catch" What is the figurative meaning?

a) Nir can catch anything


b) Nir has an attractive personality
c) Nir has a big hand
d) He is worth marrying or dating

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Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1

12-"You are an angel!" What is the figurative meaning?

a) You are dead


b) You are extremely happy
c) You are a kind and lovable person
d) You are a messenger of God.

13-"This business is a gold mine." What is the literal meaning?

a) I own this business


b) This is a place where gold can be found and extracted
c) There is a lot of gold in this firm
d) This is a good source of money or success

14.Which of these is most likely to be written using literal language?


a) A recipe
b) A poem
c) A soliloquy
d) d. A short story

15. "This business is a gold mine" What is the figurative meaning?


a) There is a lot of gold in this firm.
b) This is a place where gold can be found and extracted
c) This is my business and it is worth like gold.
d) This is a good source of money or success

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Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1

Word sharp Lesson 12


Denotative and connotative meaning
What Is Denotation: the denotation of a word is its literal definition—its
dictionary definition—and contains no emotion.

Key Takeaways: Denotation

 Denotation describes a concise dictionary definition of a word, without


taking into account any current slang or connotations it may have.
 Legal and scientific language strives for precision in its language, adhering
to denotative meanings for clarity.
 Advertising and poetry, on the other hand, look for words rich in
connotations to pack every word with extra layers of meaning.

What Is Connotation?
Connotation is the use of a word to suggest a different association than its literal
meaning, which is known as denotation. For example, blue is a color, but it is also
a word used to describe a feeling of sadness, as in: “She’s feeling blue.”

3 Types of Connotation in Writing

1. 1. Positive connotation. Words that conjure a favorable emotional response.


For example, describing someone ambitious as a “go-getter” or someone
who is lively and curious as “youthful.”
2. 2. Negative connotation. When a negative connotation is made, it presents
the person or thing in an unfavorable light. Using the examples above, the
same ambitious person might be described as an “overachiever,” while the
curious person might be referred to as “childish.”
3. 3. Neutral connotation. This is when a word says what it means with a
neutral point of view, and no attached positive or negative connotation. The
statement, “He is ambitious” suggests a person works hard and strives to
4. achieve, without judgment on whether the ambition is a good or a bad thing.

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Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1

Connotation Examples
Negative Neutral Positive
Denotation Connotation Connotation Connotation

A smell Stench Scent Aroma

Loud music Rabble Music Beats

A muscular person Brutish Muscular Strong

A confident person Arrogant Self-assured Confident

Rich people The 1% Wealthy Self-Made

Someone who saves


money Stingy Frugal Thrifty

A failing student Stupid Failing Uninspired

A young dog Mutt Dog Puppy!

Cold weather Freezing Cold Cozy

An argument Clash Disagreement Debate

Boss giving
commands Bossy Assertive Leader

Apolitical people Ignorant Uninterested Nonaligned

A popular person Socialite Friend

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Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1

Exercise on denotation and connotation


1. Select a synonym for "Denotation."
A. Definition
B. Diction
C. Referene
D. Meaning

2. What does "Connotation" mean?


A. Definition
B. Diction
C. Cultural defintion
D. Dictation

3. If someone uses the term "rugrat", is this a denotative or connotative


definition for the term "child"?
A. Connotative
B. Denotative
C. Neither
D. Both A and B

4. What is the denotation of "snake"?


A. An amphibian
B. A liar, cheater, or fraud
C. Snake
D. An animal

5. How is denotation different from connotation?


A. Denotation is a definition, whereas connotation is created through cultural
references
B. Denotation is a cultural reference, whereas connotation is a strict dictionary
definition.
C. They are basically the same thing
D. Denotation is a cultural definition, whereas connotation is created through
modern references.

6. In the following sentence, is the connotative or denotative definition used for


"piece of cake"?
A. Connotative
B. Denotative
C. Neither
D. Both A and B

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Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1

7. The examples of positive connotations are:


A. Courageous
B. Meticulous
C. Unique
D. All of the above

8. What is the connotation of a knife?


A. Murder
B. Steel
C. Weapon
D. Cooking device

9.What is the FIRST step in identifying a word's connotations?

A. Look up the word in a dictionary.


B. Develop a mental image or idea of the word.
C. Identify the overall tone of the sentence.
D. Ask a teacher or other adult to explain them.

10.Which sentence has a negative overall tone?


A. Delia's love of parties and shopping contrasted with her diligent study and
practice of the piano.
B. The candidate blasted his opponent's ideas as illogical and immature; his
opponent attacked him for making unproven criticisms.
C. In spite of occasionally slippery roads and frigid weather, winter is my
favorite season because I can ski and snowboard.
D. Although the writer was masterful in expressing her ideas, her
spelling was terrible.

10.Which is the MOST accurate denotation for somber?


A. dark and gloomy
B. overly serious
C. dungeon-like
D. lacking a sense of humor

11.Which definition for dream has the most clearly negative connotations?
A. reverie
B. flight of fancy
C. false hope
D. imagination

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Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1

12.Which word in this sentence has the strongest positive connotations?


The elderly couple's impoverished life and humble surroundings didn't
stop them from being exuberant about each new day.
A. elderly
B. impoverished
C. humble
D. exuberant

13.What is the connotation of the word fire?


A. Hot
B. Death
C. Burning
D. Warm

14. Connotation defines word's


A. Antonym
B. Synonym
C. Literal definition
D. Emotional meaning

15. The dictionary meaning of a word


A. Connotation
B. Denotation
C. Definition
D. Interpretation

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Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1

Model Exam
Exam duration: 3 hours, 1st and 2nd paper
First Paper
1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: (5 marks)
1. Why was the angel in Pelayo and Elisenda’s backyard?
A) He was looking for shelter from the rainstorm.
B) He was kicked out of heaven.
C) He was shipwrecked.
D) He fell out of the sky.
2. How does the angel react to his visitors?
A) He yells at them in a language they cannot understand.
B) He asks them for mothballs.
C) He ignores them.
D) He shows them how to fly.

3 Using an object to stand for a deeper meaning is


A) Satire
B) Symbolism
C) Personification
D) figurative language

4- .Why did the crew of the Titanic ignore the first of several iceberg warnings?
A) The warnings did not make much sense at first.
B) They thought the other ships were playing a practical joke on them
because it was their maiden voyage.
C) The captain ordered them to ignore the warnings.
D) No one believed that an iceberg could sink the Titanic.

5.The sonnet “Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?” is about—


A) love and summer
B) love and marriage
C) love and poetry’s power
D) love and death
2 - Answer the following questions:

4- What do Pelayo and Elisenda think the Old Man is? What does their
neighbour think?
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………..
5- How does the winged man change the lives of Pelayo and Elisenda?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
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Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1

6- How do the townspeople initially react to the old man? How does their
attitude toward him change over time?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
12- Explain how this story could be seen as revealing the theme ‘we wish
for miracles, but when they come, we cannot accept them”
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………….
13- Review the uses of irony in this story. List three uses of irony that you
find most entertaining, or most shocking and give reasons for your choice.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

3- Complete the following sentences:


(Prudence-stench-meager-frivolous- impeded)
1. What seems _______________________ to some can be truly significant to
others.
2. Laura’s entrance was _______________________ by a large group of people
standing in the aisle.
3. Ignoring the _______________________, Miguel and Sam left the overflowing
garbage in their kitchen.
4. The community’s _____________________ financial support meant that the
literacy group had to cancel all reading programs for the year.
5. Showing more _______________________ than his brothers, Joe was able to
buy a used car as soon as he got his driver’s license.
4-Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: (5 marks)

1-Where are you likely to find a footnote defining an unfamiliar word in


your history textbook?
a) at the bottom of the page where the word appears
b) in the margin directly next to the unfamiliar word
c) in the back of the book in which you found the word
d) in a general dictionary
2-Which type of unfamiliar word are you MOST likely to find in an
instruction manual for a printer?
a) dialect or slang
b) subject-area word
c) archaic word 57
Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1

d) technical word or jargon


3-Identify the field to which the highlighted word in this sentence belongs.
Writers and artists created a storyboard for the commercial and
presented it to the client.
a) law
b) medicine
c) television
d) sports
4- Which word from the sentence below is NOT a technical term?
Once the programmer found the error, he was able to debug the software.
a) programmer
b) error
c) debug
d) software
5-Identify the BEST resource for defining the highlighted word in this sentence.
The poetic style of Milton's epic Paradise Lost illustrates the technique of
enjambment.
a) consulting a dictionary of literary terms
b) asking a friend who writes poetry
c) checking in a thesaurus
d) reading several passages from Paradise Lost

4-Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: (5 marks)

`1. What question is the prepositional phrase answering? Inside the room,
kids sat quietly, wishing their guardians would return soon.
A. What kind or Which one(s)? C. How or Why?
B. How many? D. When or Where?
2-Which word in the sentence is the prepositional phrase modifying? The boys
were running with the man from the center.
A. Boys C. Man
B. Walking D. Center
3. What question is the prepositional phrase answering? The boys were
running with the man from the center.
A. How or When? C. What kind
58 or Which one(s)?
Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1

B. Who or Where? D. How many?


4-What word is the prepositional phrase modifying? The room was cleaned
for the party.
A. Room C. Was cleaned
B. The D. Party
5. Which word is the prepositional phrase modifying? Her family from Chicago
decided to plan their trip later.
A. Family C. Their
B. Decided D. Trip
Read the selection below. Then read each question and choose the best answer. Use
the provided answer sheet to record your answers to the multiple choice questions,
and use a separate sheet of paper to record your response to open-ended questions.
Don’t Put a Price Tag on Life
Dear Editor:
Last month a group of parents proposed the elimination of the driver’s education
program at Jefferson High School. Parents were concerned with the high costs of such a
program. Although these programs may seem costly on the surface, a little research proves
differently.
Statistics show that while teens make up only 7 percent of all drivers, they are involved
in 20 percent of all traffic accidents. How can we change these statistics? Provide driver’s
training courses. Good driving is something that is learned through defensive-driving
techniques. Just as practice makes the quarterback a better player, practice will also make
better drivers. These lessons and practice are offered in our driver’s education classes.
Last year, of the students who took driver’s training at our school, 93 percent passed the
state licensing examination on the first try. Who will provide this training if the school does
not? Private training schools are expensive, and this may be a deterrent for those students on
a limited budget. Imagine a student who practices a few times on our streets, with no
supervision! Somehow this individual manages to pass the written part of the state exam and
miraculously passes the driving test. Now we have armed an untrained driver with a license
to operate a motor vehicle.
In the long run, it is more cost effective to pay for driver’s training in the beginning.
Because teens who take driver’s education classes have fewer accidents, insurance
companies charge them lower rates. Let’s not forget our licensed, untrained driver. Once this
driver, who is already paying higher insurance premiums, has an accident, everyone’s
insurance rates increase. Insurance companies are in business to make a profit, so it’s in
everyone’s best interest to think about driver’s education in our schools.
Think over this proposal again. Teens who complete a driver’s training course are safer
drivers. There is no substitute for quality instruction from professionals in a school setting.
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Manarat Almostaqbal Language School/ English Department/ Sec.1

This training should not be limited to those who can afford private training. Safety is for
everyone; give us what we deserve. Hector Alba

1. The writer’s main concern is A his driving record.


B the high cost of insurance.
C safety for all drivers.
D the lack of qualified driving instructors.

2. Why does the writer compare drivers to quarterbacks?


A to express his love of football
B to show school spirit
C to highlight his writing ability
D to provide an example of the value of practice

3. Present one flaw in the writer’s argument. Then explain the logical fallacy.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
4. 4 Why do insurance companies charge a lower rate to teens who have taken
driver’s education classes?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
5. What emotion does Hector Alba appeal to when he describes a student who
receives a license without any training and then gets into an accident?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

6-Write an essay about only one of the following topics:


A-Your school is probably full of machines that you take for granted, such as copy
machines, computers, and printers. Select a tool or activity commonly used in your
school and write a technical document explaining its operation or process.

B: Choose a country that interests you, and write an informative essay that
describes the everyday activities of a student your age who lives in that country.

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