Introduction to Passive Optical Networks (PON)

Practical Reference Guide to Field Portable Measurements For more information,

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Testing & Best Practices Network Architectures Wavelength Spectrum

Construction Phase FTTH/PON Employing Splitters (ITU-T)
5G
Test Requirement Test Reason Test Equipment Needed 4G/5G
G-PON OLT
Connector Verification - Dirty or damaged end faces Fiber Inspection Scope with tips 2nd Splitter ONT
F1/F2 Feeder and Drop fibers - ODN length conforms to PON spec OSP OTDR (1310/1550nm) ONT
- Bending (Micro & Macro) - Real-time (splicing operations)
- Splice loss < 0.1dB threshold - Dual lambda for bending analysis
XGS-PON OLT 1st Splitter
- Event Mapping (splices, connectors) - Multi-pulse acquisition NG-PON2 Customers
F2
Commission ODN end-to-end - Splitter and Tap insertion loss PON optimized OTDR Drop
F1 ONTs
(Out-of-service network) - Connection loss (Patch Panels, Drop - Auto Link Mapping (V-Scout)
F2 Terminals
Terminals, Splitters) NG-PON2 OLT CEx FDH
Reporting - Document fiber traces (sor files) - PC Post Processing Software Central Office, Notes
- Check for missing events/results - Cloud Analysis & Repository Exchange or GPON Customers 1. GPON and EPON cannot coexist, neither can XGS-PON and 10G-EPON
- Check for trace duplications - Workforce Automation Suite Hub Site Mux 2nd Splitter 2. Different co-existence models available for 25G/50G PON and 10G PON
ONT
Activation Phase
Test Requirement Test Reason Test Equipment Needed RF Video Transmitter XGS-PON Customer
Quick Reference to Standards Splitter Losses
Connector Verification - Dirty or damaged end faces Fiber Inspection Scope with tips FTTH/PON Employing Rural Taps
Downstream Power only - Levels within PON threshold limits Wavelength Selective OPM Standards, requirements and limits continue to evolve, and
without ONT/ONU connected - Is drop fiber to customer OK? - GPON/EPON @ 1490nm Split Ratio Power per User (%) Insertion Loss (dB)1
it is not easy to remember which document defines what.
- XGS-PON/10G EPON @ 1577nm For the latest versions of the applicable standards, refer to 1:2 50 -3
Downstream/Upstream - Verify PON wavelength presence Wavelength Selective in-line OPM the ITU-T website www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G or scan the QR. 1:4 25 -6
Power without ONT/ONU - Levels within PON threshold limits - GPON/EPON @ 1310 & 1490nm 1:8 12.5 -9
connected for service wavelength - XGS-PON/10G EPON @ 1270 & ITU-T Recommendations 1:16 6.25 - 12
- ONT/ONU connection with OLT is OK 1577nm
GPON 1:32 3.13 - 15
Service Verification - Check PON/ONU ID is correct Wavelength Selective in-line OPM
G.984.1, Amd 1 GPON - General characteristics 1:64 1.56 - 18
- Verify ONT/ONU is connected to with downstream protocol capture
G.984.2, Amd 1, 2 GPON - PMD layer specification 1:128 0.78 - 21
the correct OLT port - GPON/EPON @ 1310 & 1490nm
G.984.3 GPON Transmission convergence layer
- XGS-PON/10G EPON @ 1270 &
specification Notes
1577nm
- PON/ONU ID data analysis
G.984.4, Amd 1, 2, 3 GPON - OMCI 1. Theoretical value for PLC splitter (un-connectorized)
G.984.5, Amd 1 GPON - Enhancement band 2. Cascaded splitters have higher loss than centralized splitters (same ratio)
Reporting - Document PON levels per limits - Mobile device with App software G.984.6, Amd 1, 2 GPON - Reach extension
- Cloud Repository to save results G.984.7 GPON - Long reach
- Workforce Automation Suite
10G PON
G.987 XG-PON - Definitions, abbreviations, acronyms Tap Losses
Troubleshooting Phase G.987.1 XG-PON - General requirements
G.987.2, Amd 1 XG-PON - PMD layer specification
Test Requirement Test Reason Test Equipment Needed G.987.3 XG-PON - Transmission convergence (TC) 2-Port Taps
Connector Verification - Dirty or damaged end faces Fiber Inspection Scope with tips
FIBER
Test Solutions PON Optimized Fiber Test Equipment SERVICE
Test Solutions

G.987.4
layer specification
XG-PON - Reach extension Tap Value (dB) Insertion Loss (dB)1 Max Drop Loss (dB)
Downstream Power terminated - Low levels outside PON limits Wavelength Selective OPM G.Suppl.48 XG-PON - MAC serializer/deserializer & 21 0.4 21.95
GPON/XGS-PON - GPON/EPON @ 1490nm PMD sublayer I/F 19 0.5 18.45
EPON/10G EPON - XGS-PON/10G EPON @ 1577nm G.9807.1, Amd 1 10Gbps symmetric XGS-PON
17 0.6 17.55
Downstream/Upstream Power - Verify levels are within PON limits Wavelength Selective in-line OPM FX81 G.9807.2, Amd 1 XGS-PON - Reach extension
FX81T
14 1.0 13.25
with ONT/ONU connected for respective service wavelength/s - 1270 & 1310nm (upstream) FX150+ RXT-41xx
GPON/XGS-PON - Verify RF Video levels (if present) are - 1490 & 1577nm (downstream) V-Scout 40G PON 12 1.3 11.85
EPON/10G EPON OK - 1550nm (RVO downstream) G.989 NG-PON2 - Definitions, abbreviations, acronyms 10 2.0 10.05
G.989.1, Amd 1 NG-PON2 - General requirements
Service Verification - Check PON/ONU ID is correct Wavelength Selective in-line OPM 8 2.7 8.75
Fiber Standard λ Selective & Mobile Device PON PON OTDR WDM Channel Modular OTDR Modular OTDR QoS & QoE G.989.2, Amd 1, 2 NG-PON2 - PMD layer specification
GPON/XGS-PON - Verify ONT/ONU is connected to with downstream PLOAM analysis 5 6.0 6.05
Scope OPM In-Line PON OPM OTDR Analyzer with Link Map Checker or PON Analyzer PON or xWDM Verification G.989.3, Amd 1, 2 NG-PON2 - TC layer specification
EPON/10G EPON the correct OLT port
G.Suppl.63 G.989.3 TC layer in G.987.3 or 4 (Terminating) N/A 3.95
Fiber Verification - Is drop fiber to customer OK PON optimized OTDR G.9807.1 TC layer mode
- Splitter and continuity to OLT - Filtered 1625 or 1650nm test port G.988 ONU management and control interface Notes
(OMCI) specification 1. Excludes connector losses
Performance Parameters (ITU-T & IEEE)
- ONT/ONU is connected at customer - Multi-pulse acquisition
- Auto Link Mapping (V-Scout) 2. Insertion loss for 4-port/8-port taps increase by several dB (same tap value)
IEEE Recommendations 3. Drop loss for 4-port/8-port taps remain relatively constant (same tap value)
Reporting - Document levels per PON limits - Mobile device with App software
- Document fiber traces are restored - PC Post Processing software
to good condition - Cloud Repository G-PON XGS-PON NG-PON2 (TWDM) 1G-EPON 10G-EPON 25G/50G-EPON EPON
- Workforce Automation Suite Standard/Recommendation ITU-T G.984 (2003) ITU-T G.9807.1 (2016) ITU-T G.989.2 (2015) IEEE 802.3ah (2004) IEEE 802.3av (2009) IEEE 802.3ca (2020)
IEEE Std 802.3ah-2004: IEEE Standard for Information technology. Part

Data Rates - Down/Up (Gbps) 2.5/1.25 10/10 10 / λ, up to 40 1.25/1.25 10/10 25/25, 50/50
3: CSMA/CD Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications - Amd: GLOSSARY ONU Optical Network Unit
Media Access Control, Physical Layers, and Management Parameters for OPM Optical Power Meter
Downstream 1490 ± 10 1577.5 ± 2.5 1596.34, 1597.19, 1490 ± 10 1577.5 ± 2.5 1358 ± 2 Subscriber Access Networks (EPON - Section 60) OTDR Optical Time Domain
Restoration Phase CEx Coexistence Element
Wavelength/s (nm)1 1598.04, 1598.89 1342 ± 2 CO Central Office Reflectometer
Test Requirement Test Reason Test Equipment Needed IEEE Std 802.3bk-2013: IEEE Standard for Ethernet - Amd 1 to IEEE Std PLOAM Physical Layer Operations,
Upstream 1310 ± 20 1270 ± 10 1532.68, 1533.47, 1310 ± 20 (or ± 50) 1270 ± 10 1270 ± 10 / 1300 ± 10 DW Downstream Wavelength
802.3-2012: Physical Layer Specifications and Management Parameters for Administrations & Maintenance
Wavelength/s (nm)1 1534.25, 1535.04 1300 ± 10 / 1320 ± 2 F1/F2 Multi-fiber cable connecting
Connector Verification - Clean dirty connectors Fiber Inspection Scope with tips Extended Ethernet Passive Optical Networks.
Max Split Ratio2 1:128 1:256 1:256 1:64 1:128 1:32 (20km @PR30) 1st & 2nd stage splitters PON Passive Optical Network
- Replace damaged connectors
FDH Fiber Distribution Hub
Max ODN Loss (db)3 32 35 35 33 29 29 10G EPON BPON Broadband PON (ITU-T)
Downstream Power - Restore levels to within PON limits Wavelength Selective OPM FTTB/P Fiber To The Building/Premises EPON Ethernet PON (IEEE)
IEEE Std 802.3av-2009: IEEE Standard for Information technology. Part
Max Fiber Distance (km)2, 4 ≤ 60 ≤ 60 ≤ 40 ≤ 20 ≤ 20 ≤ 20 (PR-S30, 1:32) FTTH Fiber To The Home GPON Gigabit PON (ITU-T)
Downstream/Upstream Power - Check PON/ONU ID is correct Wavelength Selective in-line OPM 3: CSMA/CD Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications – Amd 1:
Fiber Type/s5 G.652 G.652/G.657 G.652/G.657 G.652 G.652/G.657 G.652/G.657 FUT Fiber Under Test NG-PON2 Next Generation PON (ITU-T)
with downstream protocol capture Physical Layer Specifications and Management Parameters for 10Gbps PON
IEEE Institute of Electrical and XGS-PON 10 Gigabit Symmetrical PON
Co-Existence N/A GPON GPON & XGS-PON N/A EPON Various models (10G-EPON Sections 75 to 77) Electronic Engineers
Fiber/Service Verification - Check for fiber bending - PON OTDR @ 1625 or 1650nm (ITU-T)
Notes ITU-T International
- Check for fiber cross-connections - Protocol analyzer with upstream/ 3. Depends on ODN class - GPON (A, B, B+, C, C+), XGS-PON (N1, N2, E1, E2, B+, C+), NG-PON2 (N1, High Speed EPON (25G/50G/100G)
1. IEEE 802.3ca outlines different DW & UW configurations based on Telecommunication Union RFoG Radio Frequency Over Glass
downstream PON data analysis N2, E1, E2), EPON, 10G EPON & 25/50G EPON per PQ20G/20X/30G/30X IEEE P802.3ca: Standard Project for Ethernet Amendment: Physical Layer
coexistence requirements. Spec for PHY links 25/25-PQ20G/20X/30G/30X ODN Optical Distribution Network TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
4. Distance between OLT and last ONU, depends on split ratio for 25G EPON Specifications and Management Parameters for 25 Gbps and 50 Gbps
and 50/50-PQ20G/20X/30G/30X OLT Optical Line Terminal UW Upstream Wavelength
5. G.652D singlemode fiber for legacy installs, G.652D & G.657 Bend Insensitive (A1/A2, B2/B3) Passive Optical Networks
2. Restricted by path loss or optical transceiver limits ONT Optical Network Terminal WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexer
singlemode fiber for Greenfield installs (drop fiber and customer premise cabling)

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troubleshooting FTTH/P and next generation mobile fronthaul networks. ©2021 VeEX Inc. All Rights Reserved. All product names, trademarks, and registered trademarks are property of their respective owners. D99-00-015P Rev. A00 | November 2021