Rocks

Name Date
Outline
Animal Traits
Use your book to help you fill in the blanks.
How do traits help animals?
1. All animals have special that

help them live in their environments.
2. These traits can be their ,

their body parts, or the way they act.
3. Animals use their traits to stay .
4. Another way animals stay safe is by

off other animals.
5. The bites of some snakes and spiders can be

.
What is a population?
6. A population is a of the same

kind of animal that lives near each other.
7. For example, the black bears that live in Yosemite

© Macmillan/McGraw-Hill
National Park are one .
Chapter 2 • Life Cycles of Animals Use with Lesson 4

Reading and Writing in Science Animal Traits
41
Name Date
Outline
8. Animals in different populations do not always

look the .
9. Since populations live in different places, the

animals can change in different ways to live in
their .
How can we compare animals in the same population?
10. Animals in the same population may look and

differently from each other.
11. Some meerkats are

than others.
12. Even though meerkats can

and act differently, they share many traits.
13. They all eat and grubs.
Summarize the Main Idea
14. How do traits help animals? © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

42 Reading and Writing in Science Animal Traits
Name Date
Vocabulary
Animal Traits
Read the sentences. Write population if the sentence tells
something about an animal population. Write traits if the
sentence tells something about animal traits.
1. Some snakes and spiders have poisonous

bites to keep other animals away.
2. Giraffes have long necks to reach food

high in trees.
3. Black bears live in Yosemite National Park.
4. Meerkats live underground in burrows.
5. Male peacocks have bright feathers and

sing songs to help them find partners.

43
Name Date
Cloze Test
Animal Traits
Fill in the blanks. Use the words in the box.
traits population environments digging

mammals shells different
Animals are alike and in many

ways. All bears are . They have the
same , such as fur, four legs, and
claws. Meerkats are like other meerkats. They eat insects and
have long claws for . Traits help
animals stay safe and find partners. Tortoises have hard
to stay safe. Birds sing pretty
songs to find partners. Traits also help animals live in
their . A group of the same
kind of animal that lives near one another is called a
. Black bear populations can be
found in California, Maine, and Alaska.

Name Date
Writing
Helpful Traits
Write About It
Describe one of the animals in the pictures
on page 110. Where does it live? What do
you think it eats? What traits help it live in
its environment?
Getting Ready
Choose one of the animals from the pictures on page 110. Find
out more about it. Write facts and details in the chart below.
ANIMAL
What It Looks Like Where It Lives
What It Eats Special Traits


45
Name Date
Writing
Drafting
A topic sentence tells the main idea. Write a topic
sentence for your paragraph.
Write two sentences describing the animal you chose.

Show how the animal can live in its environment.
1.
2.
Revising and Proofreading

Describing words tell how something looks, sounds,
tastes, smells, or feels.
• Did I begin with a topic sentence?
• Did I describe the animal?
• Did I show how it lives in its environment?

CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Vocabulary
Life Cycles of Animals

Match the word in the left column with a meaning in the
right column. Write the correct letter on the line.
1. pupa A. Feed their young milk
2. mammal B. When an animal sheds

its shell
3. molting C. What a caterpillar is
4. larva D. Has scales and is cold-

blooded
5. amphibian E. Begins life in water; lives

in water and on land later
in life
6. reptile F. The hard case a caterpillar

forms around itself
Chapter 2 • Life Cycles of Animals Use with Chapter 2

Reading and Writing in Science
47
CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Vocabulary
larva population traits molts pupa
Unscramble the bold word in each sentence. Write the

word correctly on the line. Use the words in the box.
7. A group of zebras that lives in the same place

is a noippuoalt.
8. Both crabs and butterflies are vaalr before they

are adults.
9. A crab tsoml when it grows too big for its shell.
10. The ways an animal looks and acts like its parents
are called strati.
11. Inside a aupp, a caterpillar grows into a butterfly.

Chapter 2 • Life Cycles of Animals Use with Chapter 2

48 Reading and Writing in Science
CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Concept Map
Earth’s Materials
Fill in the important ideas as you read the chapter.
Use the words in the box.
hardness texture rock slides tiny rocks

luster water animals wind
plant roots color earthquakes plants
What do you know about rocks and soil?
How do geologists What is in soil?

describe rocks?
What can change rocks?

Chapter 3 • Earth’s Materials Use with Chapter 3

49
CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Literature
Under a Stone
Read the poem on pages 128 to 129.
Write About It
Response to Literature
1. What else could you find under a rock?
2. What do you think is the village that the poet found

under the rock? Use the poem to tell how you know.
3. Why shouldn’t you turn over stones?

Name Date
Outline
Rocks
How can we describe rocks?
1. Geologists rocks to identify

different types.
2. One thing they look at is the

of the rock.
3. Most rocks are .
4. Scientists look at the of

rocks, too.
What are rocks made of?
5. All rocks are made of .
6. Granite is made up of
minerals.
7. The gray parts of granite are .

8. Plants use the minerals in

to help them grow.
9. We get minerals from the

we eat.
Chapter 3 • Earth’s Materials Use with Lesson 1

Reading and Writing in Science Rocks
51
Name Date
Outline
How can we describe minerals?
10. A tells you something about

an object.
11. Color is one property of a .
12. Geologists use the word to

describe how a mineral looks when light shines on it.
13. Another property of a mineral is its

.
14. How can scientists learn about rocks?

52 Reading and Writing in Science Rocks
Name Date
Vocabulary
Rocks
Fill in the blanks. Use the words from the box.
1. A scientist who studies rocks is called

geologist
a .
minerals
2. Quartz, mica, and feldspar are property
all . luster
3. Hardness is one hardness
of a mineral.
4. How a mineral looks when light shines on it

is called .
The words in the left column tell you about a property

of a mineral. Draw a line to the correct property on
the right.
5. light shining on quartz hardness
6. someone scratching talc color
7. a group of rocks black to luster

nearly white

Reading and Writing in Science Rocks
53
Name Date
Cloze Test
Rocks
geologist minerals property

luster hardness color
texture size
Scientists who study rocks are called .

They can look at a rock’s to learn
more about it. When a light shines on a rock, they can study
its . They can scratch a rock to
study its . Many rocks are the
gray. By feeling a rock, you can
tell if it has a rough or a smooth .
A rock can be very small in , but
very heavy. Granite is made up of the
feldspar, quartz, and mica.

54 Reading and Writing in Science Rocks
Name Date
Outline
Rocks Change
How do rocks change?
1. The way water and wind change rock is called

.
2. When gets into the cracks

of rocks, it can freeze and push against the rocks.
3. When rocks slide down a hill, they may

and become smaller.
4. The smaller rocks can then break down

into .
What other ways can rocks change?
5. Earthquakes can change , too.
6. When shakes, rocks rub

against each other.

Reading and Writing in Science Rocks Change
55
Name Date
Outline
7. Plants can grow in soil inside the

of rocks.
8. Sometimes, the are so strong

they cause the rocks to break.
9. You know that rocks are made of

.
10. Water can cause some minerals to

.
11. How can rocks change?

56 Reading and Writing in Science Rocks Change
Name Date
Vocabulary
Rocks Change
Use the words from the box to fill in the crossword puzzle.

water
roots
!
minerals
plant
"
wind
weathering
# earthquake
Across Down
1. It is the way water and 1. It can blow sand

wind changes rocks. against rocks.
3. When it freezes, it 2. It makes the Earth

pushes against rocks. shake.
5. It grows in soil. 4. They are parts of plants.
6. Rocks are made of

them.

57
Name Date
Cloze Test
Rocks Change
weathering minerals rust

water earthquake sand
wind break slide
Rocks can be changed by . When

freezes in the cracks of rocks, it
can push against the rocks. This makes the cracks bigger and
the rocks will . Another kind of
weathering can be caused by the .
Strong winds can blow against
rocks. This makes the rocks break into smaller pieces.
Rocks can also change from the shaking of an
. When rocks
down a hill, they become
smaller. The inside rocks
can also change. Water can make a rock with iron in
it turn to .

Name Date
Writing
Writing in Science
Write About It
Write a letter to a friend. Write about your
walk. Describe the rocks you saw. Explain
how you think they got their shapes.
Getting Ready
Use the cluster chart below. Write the names of the rocks
you saw in the gray circles. Write details about the rocks
in the outer circles.
3PDLT

59
Name Date
Writing
Drafting
A friendly letter has a special form. Write a letter to a
friend describing the rocks you saw.
Date
Dear , Greeting
Body (Write your message to your friend.)
, Closing
(Write words like “Your Friend.”)
Sign your name.


A letter shares news with someone.
• Did I include details to describe the rocks?
• Did I explain how I think they got their shape?
• Did I correct all grammar mistakes?
Name Date
Reading
Rocks Rule!
Read the article on pages 148 to 149 in your textbook.
Think about how scientists compare and contrast the
rocks they study.
Remember: When you compare and contrast, you look at
how things are the same and how they are different.
1. Look at the pictures below of tools. Compare how a

geologist uses each tool.
hand lens
rock hammer

61
Name Date
Reading
Write About It
1. Compare and Contrast. How are a beach rock and

azurite alike and different?
2. Compare and Contrast. Write three sentences that

tell how geologists study rocks. Discuss how the
way geologists observe rocks compares to how you
observe rocks.

Name Date
Outline
Soil
What is in soil?
1. Soil is made of tiny and bits of

plants and animals.
2. Weathering makes large rocks

down into smaller rocks.
3. They become part of the .
4. Plants take in from the soil

to grow.
5. People and need minerals to

grow, too.
What are some kinds of soil?
6. Did you know that there are different

of soil?
7. The in the rocks give these

soils their color.
8. Most plants best in topsoil.
9. There are many in topsoil.

Reading and Writing in Science Soil
63
Name Date
Outline
How do animals help soil?
10. Animals that live in the soil help make the soil better for
the that grow in it.
11. When they , they mix the soil.
12. When animals die, their

break down.
13. They become part of the .
Summarize the Main idea
14. What is soil?

64 Reading and Writing in Science Soil
Name Date
Vocabulary
Soil
Use the words from the box to find the correct answer for
each clue. Write the word on the line. Circle it in the puzzle.
tunnels soil rot topsoil minerals
1. A mix of tiny rocks and pieces

of dead plants and animals
2. Plants grow best in it.
3. To break down and become

part of the soil
4. Soil gets its color from these.
5. When animals dig these,

it mixes the soil.
Z W Y Z H B U P Z T
V V V R R R Y P Q O
Z Q Q O V V Z Y H P
X S W T U N N E L S
X O Y Y Z H V L P O
M I N E R A L S Z I
X L H Q Q Z P W Q L

Reading and Writing in Science Soil
65
Name Date
Cloze Test
Soil
rocks plants colors

soil iron minerals
Plants, animals, people, and soil help each other.

After plants and animals die, they begin to rot and
become part of the .
The in soil help plants grow.
People and animals eat , which
gives them minerals to grow, too.
There are different kinds of soil, and they can come

in different . The minerals from
give soils their color. Clay soil
gets its color from the mineral .

66 Reading and Writing in Science Soil
CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Vocabulary
Earth’s Materials
geologist luster weathering
mineral hardness
property soil
Circle the vocabulary words hidden in the puzzle. Use the

words in the box. Look across and down. The word soil is
used two times.
y g p r o p e r t y
g e o l o g i s t c
s l u z p l l o g e
o u i i n u p i e w
i s d z s s a l o e
l t h a r d n e s s
w e a t h e r i n g
h r m i n e r a l j

67
CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Vocabulary
Earth’s Materials
Choose the word that best completes each sentence.
Write it on the line.
1. Use the word (texture, luster) to tell how a mineral

looks when light shines on it.
2. Geologists test the (hardness, luster) of rocks to

see how tough the rocks are.
3. Color is a (property, texture) of minerals.
4. A person who studies rocks is called a (geologist, mineral).
5. Some soils get color from the (hardness, minerals)

in them.
6. Plants get nutrients, or food, from the (properties, soil)

where they grow.
7. Ocean waves and wind both can cause rocks to

change in a process called (weathering, growing).

CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Concept Map
Earth’s Past prints

Fill in the important ideas as you read the petrified wood
chapter. Use the words in the box.
teeth
Kinds of Fossils tar

amber
ice
skeleton
kinds of animals
rock
size of animals
weather
What do you the land
know about
fossils?
Places to Clues from

Find Fossils Fossils
Chapter 4 • Earth’s Past Use with Chapter 4

69
CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Literature
Dinosaur Bone
Write About It
1. What do you think a dinosaur bone can tell about
a dinosaur?
2. Why do you think the poet is asking questions about the

dinosaur bone? What does she want to learn? Tell how
you know.
3. Ask your own question about the dinosaur bone. What

would you like to know?

Name Date Outline
Fossils
What are fossils?
1. A fossil is what is left of a living thing from

the .
2. Some fossils are or teeth

of animals that lived long ago.
3. Other fossils are of whole

plants and animals.
4. Scientists find of plants and

animals in many places.
5. Some are found in .
6. Others can be found in ,

tar, or amber.
Chapter 4 • Earth’s Past Use with Lesson 1

Reading and Writing in Science Fossils
71
Outline Name Date
How do fossils form?
7. Fossils form when living things are

under many layers
of sand or mud.
8. Scientists can tell how

a fossil is by looking at the layers.
9. Some fossils are found in the same

.
10. What are fossils?

72 Reading and Writing in Science Fossils
Name Date Vocabulary
Fossils
Look at each picture. Write True if the picture shows a
fossil. Write False if the picture does NOT show a fossil.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. What is a fossil?

73
Cloze Test Name Date
Fossils
observing plants fossils life

trees rocks animals amber
Some are bones and teeth.

They come from that died
long ago. Scientists may find them in ice, tar, or
. It is the sticky liquid inside
that has become fossilized over
time. Some fossils show whole
or animals. Scientists often find these fossils in
.
Scientists can tell how old a fossil is by

the rock layers. Scientists study fossils to learn about
long ago. © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Name Date Writing
Writing in Science
Write About It
Write a report about your dinosaur. Tell
where the dinosaur lived and how it moved.
What did it eat? Draw a picture of your
dinosaur. Share your report with the class.
Getting Ready
Use the chart below. Find information about a dinosaur.
Write the facts and details you found out.
Dinosaur
What I Want
What I Know What I Learned
to Know

75
Writing Name Date
Drafting
Write a topic sentence for your report. It should tell your
main idea about your dinosaur.
Write three facts and details you want to include about

your dinosaur. Make sure they back up your main idea.
1.
2.
3.
Now on another piece of paper write your report about

your dinosaur. Start with your topic sentence. Include
facts and details you found. Draw a picture.

• Did I include facts and details about my dinosaur?
• Did I correct all grammar mistakes?
Chapter 4• Earth’s Past Use with Lesson 1

Name Date Outline
Finding Clues in Fossils

How can fossils help us learn about the past?
1. The fossils give about what

life was like long ago.
2. For example, animal fossils tell about what kinds of

roamed the Earth.
3. These fossils also tell about what the

might have looked like.
4. By studying fossils, have

learned that the weather was different millions of
years ago.
5. In Antarctica, scientists have found plant fossils under

the .
What can fossils teach us about extinct animals?
6. When a living thing is , it has

died out.
7. Some plants and animals become extinct because of

.

Reading and Writing in Science Finding Clues in Fossils
77
Outline Name Date
8. Paleontologists can find

bones and put them together.
9. Scientists can learn about the animal’s

.
10. They can tell how it may have .
11. How do fossils help scientists learn about the past?

78 Reading and Writing in Science Finding Clues in Fossils

Tell which picture answers each question.
1. Which picture
shows a kind of
animal that is
extinct?
A. 2. Which picture
shows a
paleontologist
at work?
3. Which picture
shows a
skeleton?
B.
C.

Reading and Writing in Science Finding Clues in Fossils
79

plant weather paleontologists fossils

animal extinct walked skeleton
Long ago, animals may have become

because of disease or big changes on Earth. Scientists learn
about the past by studying left
behind by these extinct animals. Sometimes scientists can put
many fossil bones together into a .
Then they can see how big an animal from long ago was.
They can also tell if the animals
on two legs or four legs.
The scientists who study fossils are called

. They look at
fossils to see what kinds of
animals lived long ago. They look at
fossils to see what kinds of plants lived. Fossils also
tell paleontologists what the land and the

was like.

80 Reading and Writing in Science Finding Clues in Fossils
Name Date Outline
Fossils of California
What are the La Brea Tar Pits?
1. At Rancho La Brea in California, thick

comes up from the Earth.
2. Scientists have found about 3 million

of plants and animals in
the pits.
3. Scientists think that the weather used to be

and
because they have found fossils of frogs and turtles.
4. Paleontologists have also found fossils of seeds, leaves,

and .
5. Today asphalt still comes up from Earth and plants and

animals get in the pits.

Reading and Writing in Science Fossils of California
81
Outline Name Date
What other fossils are found in California?
6. The Lambeosaurus was a duck-billed

that lived 76 million years ago.
7. Its were found in Baja,

California, a part of Mexico.
8. Another type of fossil is petrified

.
9. Trees that are covered by water, mud, and ash slowly

turn to .
10. Scientists can observe the in

petrified wood to tell how old it is.
11. How have fossils helped scientists learn about

California’s past?

82 Reading and Writing in Science Fossils of California
Read each riddle. Write one of the words from the box to
answer each riddle.
1. I am black and sticky, just like tar.

asphalt
What am I?
Lambeosaurus
Ankylosaur
2. I am an animal that lived a long saber-toothed cat
time ago. Some people say I look petrified wood
like a pet they have.
What am I?
3. I am a dinosaur with a duck bill and a bony crest.
What am I?
4. I am a short dinosaur covered with bony plates.
What am I?
5. I was a tree that turned into stone.
What am I?

83
asphalt duck-billed fossils

cones weather petrified
At the La Brea Tar Pits, scientists have found

of mammoths, frogs,
and turtles. The animals were caught in the
that fills the tar pits. Frog
and turtle fossils tell scientists that once the
was warm and humid at the tar
pits. Seeds, leaves, and are some
of the plant fossils found at the tar pits.
In Baja, California, scientists found the Lambeosaurus, a

dinosaur. They have discovered
really old wood that was under
water, mud, and ash. These fossils of wood feel like stone.

Name Date Reading
Meet Mike Novacek

Read the article on pages 198 to 199 in your textbook.
Think about how Mike and his team classify the fossils
they find. Remember, when you classify and categorize,
you put things that are alike into groups.
1. Mike has collected fossils of reptiles, mammals, and

dinosaurs. What kinds of animals might you find in
each group? Fill in the chart below with animals you
have learned about.
2. Where would you place the fossil of the Kryptobaatar

skull in the chart below?
Fossils
Reptile Mammal Dinosaur


85
Reading Name Date
Write About It
1. Classify. How can you put fossils into groups?
2. Why do you think scientists travel around the world

looking for fossils?
3. What was surprising about finding Kryptobaatar fossils

in the Gobi Desert?

CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Vocabulary
Earth’s Past
Choose the picture that best answers each question.
Write the letter of the picture on the line.
1. Which picture shows

a plant fossil?

A
something that
is extinct?

a paleontologist B
at work?

a fish skeleton?
C

87
CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Vocabulary
Earth’s Past
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. What do you call a scientist who studies fossils?
a. paleontologist b. skeleton
c. petrified d. geologist
2. What is an animal that has died out and cannot be

found living anywhere on Earth?
a. lost b. extinct
c. alive d. petrified
3. What is a full set of bones called?
a. tar b. amber
c. mineral d. skeleton
4. What is petrified wood?
a. amber b. skeleton
c. fossil d. scientist

CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Concept Map
Earth’s Resources
Use the words in the box. You will use some words
more than once.
drink work grow plants

energy fuel wood and paper
Way to Use Ways to Use Plants

Rocks and Soil
Ways to Use Way to

Animals Use Wind
What Are
Natural
Resources?
Ways to Use the Sun Ways to Use Water
Chapter 5 • Earth’s Resources Use with Chapter 5

89
CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Literature
Sun
Write About It
1. How do we use the warmth from the Sun?
Make a poster.
2. What do you think the poet means when she says that
the Sun will “lie down” on the floor? Tell how you know.
3. How is the cat using the Sun in the poem? Use the poem
to tell how you know.

Name Date Outline
Natural Resources
What are natural resources?
1. A natural resource is something from

that people use.
2. Rocks, minerals, , soil, and

water are natural resources.
3. We use natural resources to make things we

every day.
4. Your shirt might be made of cotton, which comes

from a .
How do we use rocks and soil?
5. Rocks and are natural

resources.
6. Rocks break down into soil, and plants use the soil
to .
7. We need plants for and to

make things such as paper and clothes.
8. We also use rocks to homes.
Chapter 5 • Earth’s Resources Use with Lesson 1

Reading and Writing in Science Natural Resources
91
Outline Name Date
9. We use the in sand to

make glass.
10. We even some minerals.
How do we use water and wind?
11. Water and are natural

resources, too.
12. We use water to , cook,

and clean.
13. We also use water for .
14. Like water, wind can also make electric

.
15. How do people use natural resources?

92 Reading and Writing in Science Natural Resources
Natural Resources
Read each word in the puzzle. One word has two colors.
1. If the word tells something that is made from rocks or

minerals, color it gray.
2. If the word tells something that is made from plants,

color it green.
3. If the word tells how we use wind or water, color it blue.
Wood Soil Pencil Heat Cooking Pencil

desk graphite eraser
Corn Paper Jewelry Energy Glass Cleaning

cereal
Cotton Drinking Sand Sidewalk Electric Concrete

shirt power
4. Where can you find natural resources?


Reading and Writing in Science Natural Resources
93
Natural Resources
concrete drink natural

plants electric energy
minerals build day
Rocks, plants, minerals, soil, water, and wind are

resources. People use natural
resources every . They use
as food or to make clothes. They
use rocks and minerals to homes.
People even eat some , such
as salt! Water and wind help people make
. When water and wind move,
they can make power. Water
also helps people with everyday life. They use it to
, to wash, and to grow plants.
Sometimes people even use many resources together. It takes
rocks, sand, and water to make .

94 Reading and Writing in Science Natural Resources
Name Date Outline
Plant and Animal Resources

How do we use plants?
1. Plants are some of our most important

.
2. Things like clothes and rugs come from

plants.
3. Some plants are used to make .
4. We use trees to make ,

furniture, and paper.
5. Foods like nuts, popcorn, and sugar all come from

.
6. The of some plants are

called grains.
7. Grains can be ground into ,

which is used to make cereal and bread.

Reading and Writing in Science Plant and Animal Resources
95
Outline Name Date
How do we use animals?
8. Animals are natural , too.
9. Many people eat beef, , fish,

and other animals.
10. Leather is made from the

of animals.
11. Long ago coal and oil formed underground from the
of dead plants and animals.
12. Now we use coal and oil to cook and to

our homes.
13. How do people use plant and animal natural resources?

96 Reading and Writing in Science Plant and Animal Resources

What kind of resource was used to make
the things shown in each picture? Plant
Write the name of the resource from the Animal

box on the line next to each picture. Plant and Animal
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. Which picture shows fuel? What does fuel do?

97

fuel resource natural

work heat cheese
clothing grains sap
Plants are an important natural .

Animals are also an important
resource. People eat some plants or use them to make
like cotton pants. You might eat
bread made from . You might even
take medicine made from the of an
aloe plant. People eat chicken, fish, ,
and butter, which are made from animals. Animals also help
people do on farms and in cities.
Long after they die, the remains of plants and animals can be
made into . A fuel gives us
and makes our cars go.

Name Date Reading
A World of Wool
Read pages 232 to 233 in your textbook. Think about the
most important ideas as you read. Use the chart below
to list the important ideas. Then tell those ideas in your
own words.
Remember, when you summarize, you retell the most
important ideas from the reading selection.
*EFB 4VNNBSZ
*EFB
*EFB

99
Reading Name Date
Write About It
Summarize Tell what you learned about
llama wool. Try to use these words: cold,
warm, sweaters, llamas, camels, fur, spin,
yarn, clothes, Andes Mountains.

Name Date Outline
Resources of California
How does California get energy?
1. People in California use water, wind, and oil to make

power.
2. People also use from the Sun.
3. This is called power.
4. In California, there is natural

under the ground.
5. Some people natural gas for

energy, just like coal and oil.
6. They can use natural gas to

food and to heat their homes.
What are other natural resources of California?
7. California is sunny and warm, and the

is filled with minerals.
8. The state is a great place to

plants.

Reading and Writing in Science Resources of California
101
Outline Name Date
9. People all over the country eat fruits and

from the Golden State.
10. There are many other

resources in California, too.
11. People mine for gravel, clay, and

.
12. People also mine for .
13. What are some of California’s natural resources?

102 Reading and Writing in Science Resources of California
Find the correct word for each definition. Write the
correct word on the line. Use the words in the box.
1. Plants grown for food

solar power
natural gas
2. To take rocks and minerals out of the crops
ground mine
3. To use light from the Sun for energy
4. Fuel found under the ground

Circle the letter of the best answer.
5. Why do some people put solar panels on their roofs?
a. to heat their homes
b. to drive cars
c. to grow crops
d. to find silver and gold


103
crops ground solar energy

Sun mine resources
California has many natural . It has

warm, sunny weather and good soil so farmers in California
can grow many . When you eat an
orange, it may come from California. People in California also
take important natural resources from under the
. They
for gravel, clay, and silver. They also take natural gas from
under the ground for . You can
use natural gas to make heat for cooking or to keep warm. In
California, another way to keep warm is with heat from
power. Machines turn this energy
from the into electric power to run
cars and heat homes.

Name Date Writing
Writing in Science
Write About It
Why is California a good place to use solar
power? Write a paragraph. Describe solar
power and explain how people can use it.
Getting Ready
Find out more about solar power. Write facts and details
in the chart below.
EVOb7aA]ZO` 6]e1O\ESCaS EVg7a1OZWT]`\WO

>]eS`- A]ZO`>]eS`- O5]]R>ZOQSb]
CaSA]ZO`>]eS`-

105
Writing Name Date
Drafting
A topic sentence tells the main idea. Write a topic
sentence for your paragraph about solar power.
Write three facts you could include in your paragraph

about solar power.
1.
2.
3.
Now on another piece of paper write your paragraph.

Begin with your topic sentence. Include your facts and
details about solar power. Tell why California is a good
place to use solar power.

• Did I include facts and details about solar power?
• Did I correct all spelling, punctuation, and capital
letter mistakes?

CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Vocabulary
Earth’s Resources
Match the words and the pictures. Write the letter of the
resource that matches each picture on the line.
1. a. mineral
resource
b. wind power
2.
c. plant resource
3.
d. solar power
4.
e. fuel
5.
6. What is used to make all the things in the pictures?

107
CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Vocabulary
Find the correct word in the box for each definition or

clue. Write the word on the line.
fuel energy mine concrete

crops solar power natural resource
7. Power from the Sun
8. People do this to get gold, sand, and clay
9. Plants people grow to eat, like walnuts
10. Wind power, water power, and solar power are this
11. Rocks, sand, and water all mixed together
12. Something from Earth that people use

13. It gives off heat when you burn it

CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Concept Map
Objects in Motion
Use the words in the box to fill in the chart below.
motion position push friction

speed distance pull
Ways to Describe Objects
Where an How to Tell If an How to Move or

Object Is Object Is Moving Stop an Object
Chapter 6 • Objects in Motion Use with Chapter 6

109
CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Literature
If
Read the poem on page 258.
Write About It
1. What do you think the machine in the poem could do?
Draw a picture of it.
2. What is the poet doing to the machine he is writing

about? Use the poem to tell how you know.
3. What are some machines people use every day?

Name Date Outline
Position
How can you describe where something is?
1. Position is the where

something is.
2. You can tell the position of an object by comparing it to

something that does not .
3. You can use words such as above, below, left,

right, near, far, next to, in, on, and under to
position.
4. When something , its

position changes.
5. You can describe its new position by

it to other objects.
How do you measure distance?
6. Distance is how far away one thing is from

7. One way you can measure distance is by using a

.
Chapter 6 • Objects in Motion Use with Lesson 1

Reading and Writing in Science Position
111
Outline Name Date
8. You can use units such as inches, feet, and miles to

distance.
9. You can also use units such as

centimeters, meters, and kilometers.
10. How can you tell where objects are?

112 Reading and Writing in Science Position
Position
Read each word below. Write P if the word tells about
position. Write D if the word tells about distance. One
word tells about both.
1. above
2. map
3. inches
4. right
5. left
6. centimeters
7. ruler
8. under
Fill in the blanks. Use the words position or distance.
9. You can measure with a ruler.
10. The words top, bottom, and side can be used to tell
about the of something.

Reading and Writing in Science Position
113
Position
distance position far

move units measure
You can describe where an object is by its position and

. An object’s position is where it is
compared to objects that don’t .
When you tell about , you use
words such as above, next to, or under. You can also
describe distance. An object’s distance is how
it is from other objects. A map
or a ruler can distance. Distance
is measured in such as inches
or meters.

114 Reading and Writing in Science Position
Name Date Outline
Motion
How can you tell if something has moved?
1. All around you, things .
2. When something moves, it starts from one

.
3. Then it in another position.
4. You can see how the position .
5. When something is moving, we say it is in

.
6. Motion is a change in .
What is speed?
7. An Olympic runner can 1 mile

in just 5 minutes or less!
8. Speed is how something

moves in a certain amount of time.

Reading and Writing in Science Motion
115
Outline Name Date
9. How can you describe the way things move?

116 Reading and Writing in Science Motion
Motion
Tell which picture answers each question.
A B C
1. Which picture shows someone moving

at a fast speed?

at a slower speed?

at the slowest speed?
Fill in the blank.

4. Speed describes how

something moves in a certain amount of
.

Reading and Writing in Science Motion
117
Motion
starts ends fast slow

change motion speed
When a car goes from one town to another, it is in

. When people clap their
hands, the hands are in motion, too. Motion is a
in position. When something
moves, it in one position.
Then it in another position.
The of something tells

how fast it is moving in a certain time. When something
takes a short time to move, it is .
When something takes a long time to move, it is
. © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

118 Reading and Writing in Science Motion
Name Date Outline
Pushes and Pulls

What are forces?
1. Things can not on their own.
2. You have to use a to put

something in motion.
3. When you play soccer, you kick the ball to

it across the field.
4. A push or a is called a force.
5. If you push something, it will move

from you.
6. If you pull something, it will move

to you.
What happens when a force changes?
7. When you use more force, things move

and go farther.
8. When you use less force, things move

and do not go as far.

Reading and Writing in Science Pushes and Pulls
119
Outline Name Date
9. You have to use more force to move something

.
10. Some objects are so heavy that people use hand carts,
trucks, or to move them.
11. How can you move things?

120 Reading and Writing in Science Pushes and Pulls
Pushes and Pulls

Look at the pictures. Write push under each picture that
shows a push. Write pull under each picture that shows
a pull.
1. 2.
3. 4.
Fill in the blank.
5. A push and a pull are both a kind of

.

121
Pushes and Pulls

farther away closer heavy

push pull force
It takes to make things move.

A throw is a force. You when you
throw. The push makes the ball move
from you. A catch is a force. You
when you catch. The pull makes the ball move
to you. More force makes more
motion. The harder you throw, the faster and
the ball goes. When something
is , it takes more force to move it.
You need more force to throw a basketball than to throw a
piece of paper.

Name Date Reading
Travel Through Time

Read pages 282 to 283 in your textbook. Look how facts
are put into time order, or sequencing of events.
Remember, the sequence of events tells you about the
time order of the story.
Use the chart below to list the sequence of events in the
story. Start with the earliest event in the first box.
4FRVFODJOH
'JSTU
4FDPOE
5IJSE
'PVSUI

123
Reading Name Date
1. How have cars changed over time?
2. How have airplanes changed since 1903?

Name Date Outline
Changing Motion
What slows things down?
1. Friction is a that slows down

moving things.
2. Friction happens when two things

together.
3. There is more friction on

surfaces than on smooth ones.
4. It is harder to push or pull something on a rough surface

than on a surface.
5. Running shoes have treads that

friction.
6. Other times we try to have

friction to make things easier to move.
How can forces change motion?

7. You know that forces can change the

of things.
8. Forces can make things speed up, slow down,

, and start moving.

Reading and Writing in Science Changing Motion
125
Outline Name Date
9. They can make things change ,

too.
10. How can you change the way things move?

126 Reading and Writing in Science Changing Motion
Changing Motion
Look at each picture. Write fast if the picture shows a
friction that makes things go faster. Write slow if the
picture shows a friction that makes things go slower.
1. 2.
3.
Fill in the blanks.
4. Rough surfaces make friction.
5. Smooth surfaces make

friction.

127
Changing Motion
friction rubbing direction

rough farther
Friction slows down moving things by

them together. There is more
friction on surfaces. To have less
, we rub smooth things together.
Force can also change the of

a moving thing. You can change the direction of a soccer
ball by kicking it to a new player. First, the ball moves
closer to you. Then you kick it, and it moves
away.

Name Date Writing
Writing in Science
Write About It
Explain why penguins can slide on the ice.
Make sure to explain why ice is slippery.
Getting Ready
Use the chart below. Write facts and details about
penguins and about ice.
Penguins Ice

129
Writing Name Date
Drafting
A topic sentence tells the main idea.
Write a topic sentence for your paragraph.
Write two facts that back up your main idea.
1.
2.
Now write your paragraph. Tell why penguins can slide

down the ice.

• Did I include facts and details to explain why penguins
can slide on ice?
CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Vocabulary
Objects in Motion
Solve the crossword puzzle. Use the words in the box.

friction
force
! "
push
pull
#
motion
speed
$ position
distance
%
Across Down
1. a force that moves 1. the place where
something closer something is
2. a force that moves 3. how fast something
something away moves
6. how far one thing is from 4. a push or a pull

another thing 5. when something is
7. a force that slows down moving
moving things

131
CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Vocabulary
Unscramble the vocabulary word in boldface in each

sentence. Write the word correctly on the line.
1. You can use words such as up, down, and under to

describe nitooisp.
2. Things that move far in a short time go at a

fast edpes.
3. You hpsu a ball when you throw it.
4. A force that helps you slow down is tonifcir.
5. When objects move, they are in notimo.
6. A lupl is the force you use to open a door.
7. You can measure nitcedsa with a map or a ruler. © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill
8. You need cofer to make something move.

CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Concept Map
Forces at Work
The sentences in the right column below describe
how forces work. Write a word from the box to match
each sentence in the chart.
magnet sound gravity simple machine
FORCE HOW IT WORKS
Attracts iron objects at its

poles.
A guitar string is plucked,

and the string vibrates.
An egg beater has a wheel

that spins and beats eggs.
It pulls objects to Earth.

A scale is used to measure it.
Chapter 7 • Forces at Work Use with Chapter 7

133
CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Literature
Magnet
Read the poem on page 304.
Write About It
1. What can you do with a magnet?
2. What kinds of things does the poet do with her magnet?

Use the poem to tell how you know.
3. How have you seen magnets used?


Name Date Outline
Tools and Machines

What makes work easier?
1. A machine can make moving

an object easier.
2. A simple machine makes the

of your push or pull stronger.
3. A lets you use less force to

move something.
4. Some examples of levers are ,

forks, and scissors.
5. A is also a simple machine.
6. It is easier to push something

a ramp than to lift it up.
7. Another simple machine that helps you move things

is a .
8. Wheels let people objects

instead of lifting them.
Chapter 7 • Forces at Work Use with Lesson 1

Reading and Writing in Science Tools and Machines
135
Outline Name Date
What is a tool?
9. A can be a simple machine or

it can be made up of different simple machines.
10. A hammer is a tool made of

simple machine.
11. An engine is made of many

machines.
12. What are some things that make work easier?

136 Reading and Writing in Science Tools and Machines
Tools and Machines

lever tool ramp simple machine
Look at the pictures. Read the questions. Write a word

from the box to answer each question.
1. What is the man in the 2. What is the person in

picture using to make the picture using to
his work easier? open a can of paint?
3. The things the people in the pictures are using make

moving objects easier. What are these things called?
Fill in the blank.
4. A hammer is a made up of
one simple machine.

Reading and Writing in Science Tools and Machines
137
Tools and Machines

simple ramp wheel

lever tool
moving machine
Machines can make things easier.

One kind of machine is a machine.
A is a simple machine. When you
push down on one end of the lever, the other end pushes up.
A is another simple machine. It has
a flat board that goes from a low place to a higher place.
Pushing something up a ramp is easier than lifting something.
A is also a simple machine.
It has a rod that goes into a wheel so the wheel can turn.
With a wheel, people can roll objects like bicycles. A bicycle
is a made of many parts that work
together to make it move. A can
be a simple machine or it can be made up of different

simple machines.

138 Reading and Writing in Science Tools and Machines
Name Date Outline
Gravity
What is gravity?
1. Gravity is a that pulls things

toward each other.
2. All things have a force of .
3. The larger an object is, the

the force of gravity it has.
4. Gravity is what keeps you on the

.
5. Earth has a strong force of gravity because

of its .
6. The gravity of Earth is stronger than the gravity

of .

Reading and Writing in Science Gravity
139
Outline Name Date
What is weight?
7. Gravity pulls everything toward the

of Earth with a certain
amount of force.
8. This amount of force is called .
9. You can find the weight of an object by putting it

on a .
10. A scale is a tool used to the

amount of gravity that pulls on objects.
11. A scale can measure in ounces,

, or even tons.
12. What is gravity? What does it do?

140 Reading and Writing in Science Gravity
Gravity
Write the letter of the picture that answers
each question.
1. Which picture shows A

a place where you
would weigh less?
2. Which picture
shows a place with
strong gravity?
B
that gravity pulls
things to the ground?

a way to learn the
C
weight of an object?

141
Gravity
Moon stronger force

gravity weight Earth
When you throw a ball in the air, it comes back to

.A
called gravity pulls the ball back to the ground. Everything
has , but some things have more
gravity. Larger objects have gravity
than smaller objects.
Earth is larger than a ball, so it has more gravity. Gravity

pulls objects toward the center of Earth with a certain
amount of force. The amount of force is known as
. On Earth things weigh more
than on the . On the Moon your
ball would not fall to the ground. It would float away!

Name Date Reading
Meet Hector Arce

Read pages 320 to 321 in your textbook. Look for causes
and effects.
Use the chart to list the effects of gravity. Remember, a
cause is why something happens. An effect is the thing
that happens. Sometimes a cause has many effects.
Cause Effect
Gravity

143
Reading Name Date
Tell what you learned about the cause and effects

of gravity. Use the words in the box.
gas stars gravity

force hot dust
You stay on Earth because of .

It is the that pulls you toward
Earth. Gravity also pulls on planets, moons, and
. It can even form stars. Gravity
pulls together clouds of and
to make stars. Gravity makes
stars . That is why they shine in
the sky at night.
Write About It
Cause and Effect. How do stars form?

Name Date Outline
Magnets Push, Magnets Pull

What does a magnet pull?
1. A magnet can push and .
2. A magnet can , or pull,

objects made of iron.
3. Magnets can move things without even

them.
4. Magnets can pull through like

paper, plastic, or glass.
5. They can pull through liquids and

, too.
6. Every magnet has a field.
7. This is the around a magnet

where its force pulls.

Reading and Writing in Science Magnets Push, Magnets Pull
145
Outline Name Date
What are poles?
8. Magnets have poles, a north

pole and a south pole.
9. The poles are where the pull of the magnet

is .
10. A magnet’s is stronger on

iron objects that are close than on objects that are
farther away.
11. A north pole and a pull

toward each other.
12. What are some ways magnets push and pull?

146 Reading and Writing in Science Magnets Push, Magnets Pull

Look at the pictures. Write the word from the box that
tells what each picture shows.
attract poles repel magnetic field
1. 2.
3. 4.
Fill in the blanks. Use words from the box.
5. Magnetic poles opposite poles.
6. They poles that are the same.

Reading and Writing in Science Magnets Push, Magnets Pull
147

pole attract field

magnetic repel iron
Magnets have a kind of force called

force. They can push or pull some
objects, even without touching them. Magnets can pull
or push objects made of iron inside their magnetic
. Their force cannot pull or
push outside that area.
Every magnet has a north and a

south pole. The poles are the parts with the most magnetic
force. Two north poles will , or
push each other away. A north pole and a south pole will
, or pull each other closer. © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

148 Reading and Writing in Science Magnets Push, Magnets Pull
Name Date Outline
Sound
What is sound?
1. Sound is a kind of you hear.
2. Sound is made when something

, or moves back and forth.
3. The vibrating goes to

your ear.
4. A part of your ear called the

vibrates, and then you hear the sound.
5. When you speak, air moves from your lungs to your

.
6. The air moves over your cords

and causes the vocal cords to vibrate.
What makes sounds loud or soft?
7. When a sound is loud, the vibrations

are .
8. When a sound is soft, the vibrations

are .

Reading and Writing in Science Sound
149
Outline Name Date
9. Volume describes the of

a sound.
What is pitch?
10. Sounds can be , low, or

in between.
11. Pitch describes how high or

a sound is.
12. When a sound is low, the

are slow.
13. The faster the vibrations, the higher the

.
14. What do I know about sound?

150 Reading and Writing in Science Sound
Sound
Write a word from the box for each definition below.
sound vibrates pitch volume
1. Moves back and forth
2. Kind of energy that you hear
3. The loudness of a sound
4. How high or low a sound is
5. Look at the pictures. Write loud or soft to tell about

the sound.

151
Sound
low sound pitch

cords vibrate volume
forth hear slow
Sound is energy that you .

When you talk, your vocal cords .
Vibrate means to move back and .
Your vocal make sound energy
when they vibrate. You hear this
with your ears. Vibrations can be big or small, fast or
. Small vibrations make
sounds, such as a whisper. Whispers have a low
. Big vibrations make big
sounds, such as a shout. A shout has a high volume.
Fast vibrations make sounds with a high
. A cat’s meow has a high pitch.
Slow vibrations make sounds with a

pitch. People can hear many kinds of sounds, but most
animals can hear sounds that are too low for people to hear!

Name Date Writing
Sound Off!
Write About It
Describe the pitch and volume of a sound
you hear every day. How do we use sounds?
Why are sounds important?
Getting Ready
Think of all the sounds you hear every day. Then fill in the
chart below. List at least three different sounds in each
column. Put a star next to the sound you want to write
about.
In the Morning During the Day At Night


153
Writing Name Date
Drafting
The main idea is the most important idea. Write a main
idea about the pitch and volume of a sound you hear
every day.
Now write your story. Tell why the sound is important to

you. Use words that help you describe the sound.

Describing words tell how something looks, sounds,
tastes, smells, or feels.

• Did I write a main idea about my sound?
• Did I use describing words?
• Did I correct all spelling, punctuation, and capital
letter mistakes?

CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Vocabulary
Forces at Work
Read each word in the puzzle.
Color the word blue if it tells about magnets.
Color the word green if it tells about machines.
Color the word red if it tells about sound.
Some words will not be colored at all.
Tool Vibrate Poles Ounces Lever Engine
Spatula Wheel Pitch Repel Yell Iron
Whisper Attract Ramp Volume Weight Size
Magnetic
Fork Scissors Gravity Sing Hammer
Field

155
CHAP TE R LEVE L
Name Date
Vocabulary
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. What is a ramp?
a. simple machine b. measuring machine
c. cutting machine d. weighing machine
2. What is the amount of force of gravity?
a. ramp b. sound
c. magnet d. weight
3. What keeps you on the ground?
a. magnets b. gravity
c. scale d. jumping
4. What changes when vibrations get bigger?
a. size b. weight
c. volume d. gravity


Rocks

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Rocks

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Rocks

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Name Date

How do traits help animals?

1. All animals have special that

2. These traits can be their ,

3. Animals use their traits to stay .

4. Another way animals stay safe is by

5. The bites of some snakes and spiders can be

6. A population is a of the same

7. For example, the black bears that live in Yosemite

National Park are one .

Chapter 2 • Life Cycles of Animals Use with Lesson 4

8. Animals in different populations do not always

9. Since populations live in different places, the

How can we compare animals in the same population?

10. Animals in the same population may look and

11. Some meerkats are

12. Even though meerkats can

13. They all eat and grubs.

Summarize the Main Idea

14. How do traits help animals? © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

Chapter 2 • Life Cycles of Animals Use with Lesson 4

1. Some snakes and spiders have poisonous

2. Giraffes have long necks to reach food

3. Black bears live in Yosemite National Park.

4. Meerkats live underground in burrows.

5. Male peacocks have bright feathers and

Chapter 2 • Life Cycles of Animals Use with Lesson 4

traits population environments digging

Animals are alike and in many

Chapter 2 • Life Cycles of Animals Use with Lesson 4

What It Looks Like Where It Lives

What It Eats Special Traits

Chapter 2 • Life Cycles of Animals Use with Lesson 4

Write two sentences describing the animal you chose.

Revising and Proofreading

Chapter 2 • Life Cycles of Animals Use with Lesson 4

Life Cycles of Animals

1. pupa A. Feed their young milk

2. mammal B. When an animal sheds

3. molting C. What a caterpillar is

4. larva D. Has scales and is cold-

5. amphibian E. Begins life in water; lives

6. reptile F. The hard case a caterpillar

Chapter 2 • Life Cycles of Animals Use with Chapter 2

larva population traits molts pupa

Unscramble the bold word in each sentence. Write the

7. A group of zebras that lives in the same place

8. Both crabs and butterflies are vaalr before they

9. A crab tsoml when it grows too big for its shell.

11. Inside a aupp, a caterpillar grows into a butterfly.

Chapter 2 • Life Cycles of Animals Use with Chapter 2

hardness texture rock slides tiny rocks

What do you know about rocks and soil?

How do geologists What is in soil?

What can change rocks?

Chapter 3 • Earth’s Materials Use with Chapter 3

2. What do you think is the village that the poet found

3. Why shouldn’t you turn over stones?

Chapter 3 • Earth’s Materials Use with Chapter 3

How can we describe rocks?