MEE2

Republic of the Philippines`
Laguna State Polytechnic University

Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
MEE2: Design of Building Piping Systems and

Air-Conditioning Ductworks
Module 2: Drain, Waste and Vents
Lecture Guide
The Waste Pipe

Generally, Waste Pipe is smaller in size than the soil pipe. Smaller because of the kind
of waste it receives from various plumbing fixtures. Among the suspended materials
found in water waste are: grease, lint, matches, hair, garbage and many other
objectionable substances.
Plumbing fixtures are too often misused. Household’s refuse of all kinds, are carelessly
disposed of, by flushing them through the plumbing system. Indeed, the improper use
of plumbing of plumbing fixtures can only result in waste line stoppage, and deteriorate
of the pipeline.
The drainage installation of a plumbing system comprises three major component

parts: the Drainage, the Waste and the Vent, or simply called DWV
The Drainage Pipe refers to an installation that receives and conveys discharges from
water closet with or without waste coming from other fixtures.
The Waste Pipe is any pipe in a drainage installation that receives the discharges of
any fixture except water closer and conveys the same to the soil branch, soil pipe or
house drain. Fixture refers to slop sink, lavatory, urinals, bathtub, and the like except
water closet.
The Vent Pipe in a plumbing system function as air passage or conduit to ventilate the
drainage and waste pipe installation. As already discussed, solid human waste is
discharge by water closet only to either the soil branch, soil pipe, soil stack or house
drain. Categorically, any pipe that receives and conveys human waste is affixed by the
word “soil”.
Soil Stack is a vertical pipe installation where the soil branches terminate. The pipe is
called stack being installed vertically, and the word soil is affixed because it receives
human waste from soil branch. Otherwise, it will again be classified as Waste Stack.
When a waste pipe is not directly connected to a soil stack or house drain, it is called
Special Waste.
General Conditions for a Good Waste Pipe Installation
1. By making the right choice of materials.
2. By conservative use of fittings.
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3. Right location of the cleanouts.

4. Right slope or grade of the pipelines.
5. Using the right size of pipe.
6. Correct manner of joining the pipes.
7. Providing stable and rigid support.
The Right Choice of Materials
The materials intended for waste pipe installation, could be well selected from those
that were enumerated on our previous discussion. The character of the waste to be
drained, and the service to which it is intended for, dictates the kind of materials to be
used.
For instance, any waste pipe line that conveys large amount of acid must specify acid
resistant material. Example of which, are fixtures serving chemical laboratories,
plating, engraving establishments and others that uses acid of various kinds. Refused
that are coming from domestic and commercial kitchen, contains acid of different kinds,
but considerably in small negligible quantity and therefore, does not require the use of
an acid resistant pipe.
Conservative Use of Fittings
The smooth flow of waste inside the pipe is a primary consideration in all types of
plumbing installation. Most of the waste pipe lien failures were attributed to the
unwarranted use of accessories and too many fittings in a give location. Conservative
use of fittings refers to the right choice of the right kind of fittings for a particular change
of directions, turns or offset.
Injudicious use of fittings should not be allowed in plumbing installations. Short cuts
that will not allow smooth passage of waste should be avoided.
Pipe joints and fittings were specially designed to make smooth changes of directions,
turns or offsets. But sometimes, their application may not be in accordance with the
purpose for which they were made
Pipe installations that fail or break too soon, may have been due to any of the
following causes:
1. The use of too many fittings and

2. The use of wrong type of fittings
Recommendations:
1. Do not use short radius fittings on a vertical to horizontal directions or horizontal

changes.
2. Use long sweep fittings on horizontal changes.
3. For vertical to horizontal direction of changes, the Y and 45° fittings are most
appropriate.
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4. The T fitting was designed for vertical run with lateral branches only. Its use on
horizontal installation will create a tilted or crooked joint connection called
“Premature Waste Line Defects”
Location of Cleanout
The waste pipe installation must be provided with an ample number of cleanouts,
strategically located, to be opened in case of pipeline trouble. Cleanout is a receptacle
of the plumbing system accessible on floor, walls or ceiling. It is equipped with a plug
or flush plate so designed as not to impair the aesthetical view of the room.
The location of cleanout must be indicated in the plan. It’s should be sized equal to the
diameter of the waste pipe, where it is connected. This is to avoid interference in the
rodding or cleaning process. Cleanout must be readily accessible to the plumber in
case of waste line stoppage.
Right Slope or Grade of Waste Pipe
The ideal position of horizontal waste pipe, were those installed at 2% slope. Meaning,
the pipe was installed with an incline ratio of 2 centimeters per meter length for
instance, a 3.00 meters pipe installed as a waste line will have an inclination of 3 x 2
= 6cm.
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Waste pipe must be of sufficient diameter to afford adequate velocity of flow in order
to make them as nearly self-scouring as is practical. The latest scientific tests and
experiments conducted by the National Bureau of Standards sponsored by the
Housing and Home Finance Agency, showed that, wet venting and stack venting are
safe in certain type of installations. The experiment revealed that the Trap Seal Loss
occurs when the grade or slope of the pipe is increased from 2% to 4%.
Trap Seal Loss means the loss or escape of standing water inside the P-trap. This is
usually caused by siphonage induced by rapid flow of waste inside the pipe. It is also
referred to as Water Seal Escape.
Manner of Joining Pipes
Each kind of pipes has its own manner of joining recommended and specified by the
manufacturers. For instance, cast iron pipes are joined by the use of oakum and lead
at the hub and spigot connections. Likewise, plastic pipes clearly specify the use of
solvent plastic cement, or by special fitting connector. Remember that any alteration
or deviation from manufacturers specifications will only endanger the effectiveness of
the pipe joints.
Determining the size of Waste Pipe
The National Plumbing Code on the size of waste pipe provides that:
“The waste pipe diameter shall be adequate enough to serve the installation of fixtures
in a general way, but the best way is to fit the diameters of commercial pipe into the
fixture pattern in the most efficient manner”
The size of waste pipe intended to receive waste from the fixture must be sufficient
diameter. This is to accommodate the velocity of flow, making them as nearly scouring
as necessary to prevent the silting of the pipe.
Scouring means to flush out or wash out, to remove dirt or grease by flowing through.
There are those who believed that by making the drainage pipe larger than what is
necessary, will increase its service efficiency. This belief without scientific basis, has
triggered disagreement among people in the plumbing industry. Disagreement on this
matter however, was resolved when the Uniform Plumbing Code Committee
formulated data as guide and references in determining the size of the waste and other
drain-pipes.
The Uniform Plumbing Code Committee’s Findings are Enumerated Briefly as

Follows:
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1. By increasing the size of the drainage pipe, does not guarantee effective
scouring action, or self-cleaning ability of the pipe. Self-cleaning ability is
present, when the liquid and waste inside the pipe flow smoothly and
simultaneously together.
2. Water flow inside a larger pipe is relatively shallow. The solid waste does not
flow on shallow water but tend to remain at the bottom of the pipe. This is
practically the most common cause of the many clogging problems of drainage
installation.
3. Drainage pipe must be of the right size to have a liquid flow about 5-% of the
pipe diameter. Meaning, that the flowing water inside the pipe must have a
depth equal to ½ the pipe diameter.
4. For instance, if the pipe is 100mm diameter, the water flow inside the pipe must
have a depth of about 50mm to attain the scouring action. This is where the 2%
slope becomes effective.
5. On the other hand, too small pipeline is subject to overloading of flow. The
tendency is to create back-pressure, siphonage, and floor flooding.
The Fixture Unit
The National Plumbing Code strongly indorsed the use of Fixture Unit Value as waste
load in determining the size of the waste pipe. The Uniform Plumbing Code Committee,
conducted numerous tests on various plumbing fixtures in order to determine the
amount of water each fixture discharges in one-minute interval through their outlet
orifices.
The tests result showed that a wash basin being one of the smallest fixtures, discharge
waste at approximately one cubic foot of water per minute interval. Based on their
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findings, the committee finally decided to establish the “Unit Fixture” and called the
water discharge as One Fixture Unit representing one cubic foot or 30 liters of water
discharged by the fixture in one minute interval.
Waste Pipe and Other Fixtures
Waste pipe is classified into two types depending upon the kind of fixtures it will serve.
1. Direct Waste and

2. Indirect Waste
Direct Waste is one with terminal directly connected to the plumbing system.
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Different Types of Fixtures Served by Direct Waste
1. Urinals (Pedestal, Stall, Through)

2. Bathtub (Siltz, Foot, Bidet)
3. Lavatories (Wall hung, Pedestal, Two pieces)
4. Sink (Kitchen, Pantry, Slop)
5. Showers (Single stall, Gang)
6. Drinking fountain
7. Laundry
8. Laboratory
9. Hospital fixture
Indirect Waste refers to a connection with terminal not directly connected to the
plumbing system. Fixtures served by indirect Waste are:
1. Soda fountain
2. Refrigeration
3. Bar Waste
4. Drinking fountain
Recommended Size of Waste Pipe
For a particular fixture either served by direct or indirect waste recommend the
following sizes
1. Sink Waste – The minimum size of waste pipe for sink is 38mm or 1 ½ “, but
because of the materials suspended in it, the practice is to use 50mm or 2”
pipe. The National Plumbing Code provides that:
“The waste pipe must be short, direct, free from offsets and provided with ample
cleanouts accessible for repair”
2. Slop Sink – Is tapped either on floor or walls. Traps on the floor shall be 70 or
100mm and 50mm for traps installed on walls with a cleanout plug.
3. Scullary sink - 50mm
4. Pantry sink - 38mm
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5. Factory wash up sink – 50mm

6. Bathtub – 38mm min. to 50mm max.
7. Lavatories – 50mm
8. Shower Bath – 50mm
9. Urinal – 50mm
10. Laundry tub – 38mm to 50mm
11. Drinking fountain – 32mm
12. Lavatory Waste – 50mm
13. Hospital fixtures – 50mm
The Soil Pipe

By definition, any pipe that receives and conveys discharges of water closet, with or
without the discharge coming from other fixtures to the house drain or house sewer is
called Soil Pipe.
The National Plumbing Code on Soil Pipe Provides:
1. That, at least one of the vertical stacks in the plumbing system must extend full
size through the roof for the following purposes:
a. To ventilate and dispose off the sewer gas above the roof
b. To prevent siphoning of the water trap seal by force of suction
c. To prevent the possibility of back pressure which may force the water
seal off the fixture trap.
2. Any structure with a house drain installed, must have at least one soil stack or
stack vent, extended full size above the roof not less than 30cm long and
should not be less than 75mm (3”) diameter of the size of the drain whichever
is smaller.
3. As a general rule, vent stack must be extended and terminate through the roof
of the building. When the roof is to be used other than protection from the
elements of weather, the vent stack should be extended no less than 2 meters
above the roof.
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Installation Requirements
To start with the soil pipe roughing-in, the plan layout of the entire building installation
must be prepared. This includes the location of fixtures, size of the partitions, location
of doors and windows as well as the lowered ceiling that will conceal the soil and waste
pipe branches.
Building designers do not always use good judgement in indicating the location of the
soil pipe. Relocation of the soil or vent stack requires good judgement to accommodate
the runs of associated vent, waste and water pipes in a more practical way. To do this
effectively, the plumber’s knowledge of the layout must be complete and adequate.
The location of electric outlets and boxes, cabinets and other building necessities has
to be set up. The soil pipe is generally placed before mounting of partitions. Passing
the soil pipe through any of this facility unit would be a reflection on the mechanical
ability of the plumber and a fault that would be exceedingly hard to correct.
The Plumbing Code on Soil Pipe Installation Provides that:

1. The Soil Pipe shall be properly concealed or embedded in columns, walls or
partitions, installed prior to the construction of the building.
2. The entire installation in building such as the location of fixtures, thickness of
the partitions, location of doors and windows, drop ceiling, electrical layout and
outlets and their relations with each other shall be considered in the pre-
planning stages prior to the rough-in work.
3. The soil branch that will directly receive waste from water closet shall be short
and direct as practicable.
4. Soil pipe joints shall be tight and free from liquid or gas leak. Installation
workmanship shall be strictly in accordance with the standard practice of the
trade involved.
5. Soil pipe not embedded in concrete wall, columns or partitions shall be
anchored rigidly by means of metal hangers.
6. That changes from vertical to horizontal directions shall be done by using:
a. ¼ bend
b. Long Sweep ¼ bend
c. Two 1/8 bend or
d. Combination of Y and 1/8 bend
The Experiments Conducted by the Uniform Plumbing Code Committee

Revealed that:
1. Instead of increasing the diameter of the pipe, the ventilation of fixture traps
should be looked into because it promotes efficiency of the entire plumbing
installation.
2. The use of the right kind of fittings and proper installation, plus the strict
observance of the prescribed slope, contributed primarily to the effectiveness
of the drainage system.
3. Under a certain condition, more fixtures may be added to the installation without
fear of being over-taxed.
4. The experiments further revealed that Wet Venting is safer under certain
conditions. Stack Venting for one or more storey building has proven to be
satisfactory.
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5. Long drain wet vented bathtub are safe, provided that the pipe is installed with
a slope not greater than 2% or 2 centimeters fall per meter length.
The Soil Branch
The Soil Branch is a soil pipe installed horizontally with lateral or vertical connections
that receives the discharges of water closet with or without additional plumbing fixtures.
General Conditions in Installing Soil Branch
1. The Soil Branch being concealed in floors, partitions or lowered ceiling should
be accessibly provided with sufficient number of cleanouts.
2. Cleanout should be installed wherever changes of soil branch directions are
made.
3. Cleanout should be the same in diameter as the soil branch.
4. Cleanout should be located at the farthest end of the branch away from the
vertical soil pipe.
5. The use of short radius fittings on soil branch when making a change of
direction such as short sanitary Tee, ¼ bend and short L should be avoided.
6. A long radius fitting shall be used for a horizontal to horizontal or vertical to

horizontal change of direction. In some instances, the use of short radius fitting
is only permitted on a vertical to horizontal change of direction.
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7. Soil branch shall be graded properly and carefully aligned. Crooked joint should
not be allowed.
8. The efficiency of a horizontal waste installation depends upon the Scouring or

Self-Cleaning action for every discharge of waste. Soil branch having a slope
more than 2% fall has the tendency of self-separating the solid waste from the
liquid. Water flows faster on high pitch leaving the suspended materials at the
bottom of the pipe. On the other hand, pipes with grade less than 2% is also
susceptible to stoppage due to retarded flow.
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Size of the Soil Branch
The flow of waste inside a horizontal pipe, particularly the soil branch, is much different
from those inside the vertical stack. As previously explained, the expected efficiency
of a liquid flow inside o horizontal pipe depends upon the scouring action for every
discharge.
Plumbing Ventilation
Ventilation of a plumbing system, is that portion of the drainage pipe installation,
designed to maintain a balance atmospheric pressure inside the system to prevent
problems like:
1. Trap seal loss

2. Retardation of flow
3. Deterioration of the materials
Trap Seal Loss
Among the most common and serious problem being encountered in a drainage
system is the trap seal loss. Trap Seal Loss can be attributed to inadequate ventilation
of the trap and subsequent minus and plus pressures inside the system.
Trap Seal Loss may be attributed to any of the following factors:

1. Siphonage
2. Back pressure
3. Evaporation
4. Capillary action
Siphonage is the result of minus pressure in the drainage system. If the trap of a
common seal is open and exposed to the atmosphere, both inlet and the outlet orifices
will be under balance atmospheric pressure. As such, the tendency of water seal to
move is remote.
Siphonage is Classifieds into Two Types
1. Direct or Self Siphoning – Occur in unventilated traps which serves as oval

bottom fixtures like lavatories or slop sink. Self-siphonage is created when a
rapid flow of water passing through the pipe siphon down the water seal inside
the traps with no vent provisions.
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2. Indirect or Momentum Siphoning – is the result of a minus pressure in the

pipe created by heavy discharge of water from a fixture installed on a line
serving another fixture at a lower floor.
Back Pressure is caused by plus pressure. When large amount of water flow drops
downward rapidly forming a slug like, the air inside the pipe will be compressed
downward. In the absence of adequate ventilation, the compressed air will be forced
to find its away out through a weaker point. The trap seal being the weakest point, will
give away and blow out of the fixture.
Evaporation – this process is considered a minor problem and is less probable to

drain the water inside the trap. Evaporations however, happen only on floor drain which
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are not regularly used to admit water, but exposed to extreme temperature. Example
of which is the P-trap on a floor drain of a basement where there is no regular water
flowing in it.
Capillary Action – This kind of trap seal loss also seldom happen and is rarely
experienced by homeowners. Capillary action is draining of the water seal caused by
foreign objects like thread or string suspended and extended over the outlet arm of the
trap.
Types of Ventilation in the plumbing system
1. Main soil and waste vent

2. Main vent
3. Individual vent
4. Unit vent
5. Circuit vent or loop vent
6. Relief vent
7. Yoke vent
8. Wet vent
9. Looped vent
10. Local vent
11. Utility vent
Main Soil and Waste Vent
By definition, the main soil and waste vent is that portion of the soil stack above the
highest installed fixture branch extending through the roof. It serves as the terminal for
the main vent and other vents of the system.
General Conditions in installing the Main Soil and Waste Ventilation
1. That, it must be installed as direct as possible.

2. Short radius fittings should be avoided, because it reduces the flow of air.
3. As much as possible, long horizontal line must be avoided.
4. Generally, it should have the same diameter as the soil or waste pipe.
The National Plumbing Code on extension of soil or Waste Stack to the roof provides
that:
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“All roof extensions of soil or waste stack shall run full size at least 30 centimeters
above the roof and when the roof is used for other purposes than weather protection,
such extensions shall not be less than 2.00 meters above the roof… the roof terminal
of any stack or vent, it within 3.00 meters of any door, window, scuttle, or air shaft,
shall extend at least 1.00 meters above the same.
The Main Vent
The main vent is that portion of the vent pipe system, serving as terminal for the smaller
forms of individual and grouped fixture trap ventilation. It is sometimes referred to as
Collecting Vent Line.
Province of Laguna
General Conditions for the Main Vent Installation
1. The main vent shall be in full size at their base to the main soil or waste pipe
or below the lowest fixture branch. It shall be extended undiminished in size
above the roof, or shall be connected with the main soil vent, at least 1.00 meter
above highest fixture branch.
2. The main vent shall also serve as a relief vent for any anticipated back
pressure. It must be free from offsets to allow free movement of air and well
supported on each floor, if not embedded in concrete column, walls or
partitions.
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Individual Vent
Individual vent is sometimes referred to as Back Vent. It is that portion of the vent pipe
system that serves as a single trap. It is connected closer to the trap directly
underneath and back of the fixture, and reconnected into the main vent above the
overflow line of the fixture it serves.
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The National Plumbing Code on distances of vent from trap seal provides that:
1. No trap seal shall be placed more than 1.50 meters horizontal developed length
from its vent.
2. The distance should be measured along the central line of the waste or soil
pipe from the vertical inlet to the trap to the vent opening.
3. The vent opening from the soil or waste pipe, except for water closets and
similar fixtures, should not be the dip of the trap.
On Branch and Individual Vent, the Plumbing Code Provides that:
“No vent shall be less 38m (1 ½”) diameter except for a 32mm (1 ¼”) diameter waste
pipe. The vent pipe shall be of the same diameter size as the waste pipe, and in no
case must a branch or main vent have a diameter less than ½ that of the soil or waste
pipe served, nor shall the length of a branch vent of given diameter exceed the
maximum length permitted for the main vent serving the same size of vent stack.”
On Vent Pipe Grades and Connections, the Code further States that:
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“All vents and branch vent pipes shall be free from drops or sags and shall be so
graded and connected so as to drip back water to the soil or waste pipe gravity. Where
vent pipes connect to a horizontal soil or waste pipe, the vent branch shall be taken off
above the center line of the pipe and whenever practicable, the vent pipe must rise
vertically or at angle of 45° to the vertical up to the point of 15 centimeters above the
fixture it is venting before offsetting horizontally or connecting to the branch main waste
or soil vent.”
Unit Venting
Unit vent is defined as: that portion of a vent pipe system that ventilates two fixture
traps that discharges into a sanitary cross with deflectors. It is classified as another
form of individual vent, with identical form of back venting, having the same principles
in function. This type of venting is common to fixture trap serving apartment and hotel
toilet particularly, on fixtures with identical position and measurements.
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Circuit or Loop Vent
Circuit or Loo Vent is employed where two or more fixture traps are installed on a
horizontal soil or waste branch. Generally, the use of circuit vent reduces the cost of
plumbing installation. This type of ventilation is commonly used in buildings with more
facilities, and battery of fixtures.
On circuit Vent for a battery of water closets, the Code says that: “No more than 8
water closets of other fixtures shall be allowed on any circuit or loop vent. If there are
14 or 16 water closets which are to be vented, two pieces of 100mm pipe should be
installed.”
For Circuit or Loop Vents, the Code also provides that: Circuit or Loop Vent is permitted
provided that a branch soil or waste pipe to which two and not more than 8 water
closets, pedestal urinals, trap standard slop sinks, or shower stalls are connected in a
series, may be vented by a circuit or loop vent, which should be taken off in front of the
last fixture connection.
Where fixtures discharge above such branch, each branch shall be provided with a
Relief Vent one half the diameter of the soil or waste stack, taken off into front of the
fixture connection.
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Relief Vent
Relief Vent is installed to ventilate the soil and waste pipe and the connecting branches
rather than the fixture traps. As to where it will be connected, no specific rules have
been formulated yet. Thus, the installation of a relief vent depends upon the good
judgement of the plumber, to wherever backpressure is most likely to occur.
On Relief Vent, the Plumbing Code Provides that:
1. Waste branches which are circuit vented, shall be provided with relief vent.
2. The base of the soil stack on tall building installation is susceptible to back
pressure, due to the large volume of water rushing down inside the pipe.
Hence, a relief vent in this portion of the installation is necessary.
3. Relief Vent may be installed at interval on the soil pipe having changes in
directions.
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4. On long vertical soil pipe, a relief vent is installed at a 3 to 5 floor intervals. In

this manner of installation, the relief vent is sometimes referred to as Yoke or
By-Pass Ventilation.
5. Relief Vent serving a circuit vented branch, should have atleast one half ½ the
diameter of the said soil pipe, but in no case, be less than 38mm diameter. For
instance, if the soil pipe is 100mm. The relief vent is 50mm but in no case, be
less than 38mm diameter.
6. A Relief Vent used on a change of direction, and at the base of the soil pipe,
shall have a diameter equal to the main vent, and in no case the relief vent be
less than 50mm diameter.
7. Yoke Vent between the main vent and the soil pipe at 5 floor intervals must
have equal pipe diameter, as the main vent.
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Looped Vent
Looped Vent is one type of ventilation use on fixtures in a room away from partitions.
This is common to beauty parlor, barber shop, dental clinic, and operating room. The
use of looped vent is not practical, but sometimes tolerated, only when other methods
of ventilation could not be possible.
The size of looped vent is also determined in the same manner as that of the individual
vent.
Wet Ventilation
Wet ventilation is defined as that portion of the vent piping system where liquid waste
regularly flows.
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Learning Resources
Jr., M. B. (2001). Plumbing Design and Estimate (Second Edition ed.). Quezon City: 5138
Trading.
Miller, R., Miller, M. R., & Sr., J. P. (2004). Plumber's Pocket Manual (10th ed.). Danvers, MA
01923: Wiley Publishing Inc.
Stoecker, W. F., & Jones, J. W. (n.d.). Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (Second ed.). New
York: McGraw-Hill Inc.
Prepared by:
Joseph O. Del Rosario, ME, RMP

Part Time Instructor, LSPU-Siniloan Campus
This module is for educational purpose only. Under section Sec. 185 of RA 8293, which
states, “The fair use of a copyrighted work for criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching
including multiple copies for classroom use, scholarship, research, and similar purposes is
not an infringement of copyright. The unauthorized reproduction, use, and dissemination
of this module without joint consent of the authors is strictly prohibited and shall be
prosecuted to the full extent of the law, including appropriate administrative sanctions, civil,
and criminal”

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Republic of the Philippines`

Laguna State Polytechnic University

MEE2: Design of Building Piping Systems and

The Waste Pipe

The drainage installation of a plumbing system comprises three major component

3. Right location of the cleanouts.

The Right Choice of Materials

Conservative Use of Fittings

1. The use of too many fittings and

1. Do not use short radius fittings on a vertical to horizontal directions or horizontal

Right Slope or Grade of Waste Pipe

Manner of Joining Pipes

Determining the size of Waste Pipe

The Uniform Plumbing Code Committee’s Findings are Enumerated Briefly as

The Fixture Unit

Waste Pipe and Other Fixtures

1. Direct Waste and

Different Types of Fixtures Served by Direct Waste

1. Urinals (Pedestal, Stall, Through)

Recommended Size of Waste Pipe

5. Factory wash up sink – 50mm

The Soil Pipe

The National Plumbing Code on Soil Pipe Provides:

The Plumbing Code on Soil Pipe Installation Provides that:

The Experiments Conducted by the Uniform Plumbing Code Committee

The Soil Branch

General Conditions in Installing Soil Branch

6. A long radius fitting shall be used for a horizontal to horizontal or vertical to

8. The efficiency of a horizontal waste installation depends upon the Scouring or

Size of the Soil Branch

1. Trap seal loss

Trap Seal Loss

Trap Seal Loss may be attributed to any of the following factors:

Siphonage is Classifieds into Two Types

1. Direct or Self Siphoning – Occur in unventilated traps which serves as oval

2. Indirect or Momentum Siphoning – is the result of a minus pressure in the

Evaporation – this process is considered a minor problem and is less probable to

Types of Ventilation in the plumbing system

1. Main soil and waste vent

Main Soil and Waste Vent

1. That, it must be installed as direct as possible.

The Main Vent

General Conditions for the Main Vent Installation

On Branch and Individual Vent, the Plumbing Code Provides that:

Circuit or Loop Vent

On Relief Vent, the Plumbing Code Provides that:

4. On long vertical soil pipe, a relief vent is installed at a 3 to 5 floor intervals. In

Joseph O. Del Rosario, ME, RMP

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