Upsc Mains Syllabus

UPSC Mains Syllabus 2023
MAIN EXAMINATION:
The written examination will consist of the following papers :— Qualifying
Papers :
Paper-A
(One of the Indian Language to be selected by the candidate from the Languages included in the
Eighth Schedule to the Constitution). 300 Marks
Paper-B
English 300 Marks
Papers to be counted for merit
Paper-I
Essay 250 Marks
Paper-II
General Studies-I 250 Marks
(Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography
of the World and Society)
Paper-III
General Studies -II 250 Marks
(Governance, Constitution, Polity,
Social Justice and International relations)
Paper-IV
General Studies -III 250 Marks
(Technology, Economic Development,
Bio-diversity, Environment, Security
and Disaster Management)
Paper-V
Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
General Studies -IV 250 Marks
(Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude)
Paper-VI
Optional Subject - Paper 1 250 Marks
Paper-VII
Optional Subject - Paper 2 250 Marks
Sub Total (Written test) 1750 Marks
Personality Test 275 Marks
Grand Total 2025 Marks
Candidates may choose any one of the optional subjects from amongst the list of subjects
given in para 2 below:—
NOTE : The papers on Indian languages and English (Paper A and paper B) will be of Matriculation or
equivalent standard and will be of qualifying nature. The marks obtained in these papers will not be
counted for ranking.
(i) Evaluation of the papers, namely, 'Essay', 'General Studies' and Optional Subject of all the
candidates would be done simultaneously along with evaluation of their qualifying papers on ‘Indian
Languages’ and ‘English’ but the papers on Essay, General Studies and Optional Subject of only such
candidates will be taken cognizance who attain 25% marks in ‘Indian Language’ and 25% in English
as minimum qualifying standards in these qualifying papers.
(ii) The paper A on Indian Language will not, however, be compulsory for candidates hailing from
the States of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Sikkim.
(iii) The paper A on Indian Language will not, however, be compulsory for Candidates belonging to
Persons with Benchmark Disabilities (only Hearing Impairment sub-category) provided that they
have been granted such exemption from 2nd or 3rd language courses by the concerned education
Board/University. The candidate needs to provide an undertaking/self declaration in this regard in
order to claim such an exemption to the Commission.
(iv) Marks obtained by the candidates for the Paper I-VII only will be counted for merit ranking.
However, the Commission will have the discretion to fix qualifying marks in any or all of these
papers.
(v) For the Language medium/literature of languages, the scripts to be used by the candidates will
be as under :—
Language Script
Assamese Assamese
Bengali Bengali
Gujarati Gujarati
Hindi Devanagari
Kannada Kannada
Kashmiri Persian
Konkani Devanagari
Malayalam Malayalam
Manipuri Bengali
Marathi Devanagari
Nepali Devanagari
Odia Odia
Punjabi Gurumukhi
Sanskrit Devanagari
Sindhi Devanagari or Arabic
Tamil Tamil
Telugu Telugu
Urdu Persian
Bodo Devanagari
Dogri Devanagari
Maithilli Devanagari
Santhali Devanagari or Olchiki
Note : For Santhali language, question paper will be printed in Devanagari script; but candidates will
be free to answer either in Devanagari script or in Olchiki.
2. List of optional subjects for Main Examination :
(i) Agriculture
(ii) Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
(iii) Anthropology
(iv) Botany
(v) Chemistry
(vi) Civil Engineering
(vii) Commerce and Accountancy
(viii) Economics
(ix) Electrical Engineering
(x) Geography
(xi) Geology
(xii) History
(xiii) Law
(xiv) Management
(xv) Mathematics
(xvi) Mechanical Engineering
(xvii) Medical Science
(xviii) Philosophy
(xix) Physics
(xx) Political Science and International Relations
(xxi) Psychology
(xxii) Public Administration
(xxiii) Sociology
(xxiv) Statistics
(xxv) Zoology
(xxvi) Literature of any one of the following languages:
Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili,
Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu
and English.
NOTE :
(i) The question papers for the examination will be of conventional (essay) type.
(ii) Each paper will be of three hours duration.
(iii) Candidates will have the option to answer all the question papers, except the Qualifying
Language Papers, Paper-A and Paper-B, in any one of the languages included in the Eighth
Schedule to the Constitution of India or in English. Notwithstanding this, the Candidate will
have the choice to write the Optional Papers in English also if candidates opt to write Paper I-
V except the Qualifying Language Papers, Paper-A and Paper-B, in any one of the language
included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India.
(iv) Candidates exercising the option to answer Papers in any one of the languages included in
the Eight Schedule to the Constitution of India mentioned above may, if they so desire, give
English version within brackets of only the description of the technical terms, if any, in
addition to the version in the language opted by them. Candidates should, however, note that
if they misuse the above rule, a deduction will be made on this account from the total marks
otherwise accruing to them and in extreme cases; their script(s) will not be valued for being
in an unauthorized medium.
(v) Candidates should note that if any irrelevant matter/signages/marks etc. are found written
in the answer script(s), which would not be related to any question/answer and/or would
be having the potential to disclose the candidate’s identity, the Commission will impose a
penalty of deduction of marks from the total marks otherwise accruing to the candidate or
will not evaluate the said script(s) on this account.
(vi) The question papers (other than the literature of language papers) will be set in Hindi and
English only.
(vii) The details of the syllabi are set out in Part B of Section III.
General Instructions (Preliminary as well as Main Examination) :
(i) Candidates must write the papers in their own hand. In no circumstances will they be
allowed the help of a scribe to write the answers for them. The Persons with Benchmark Disabilities
in the categories of blindness, locomotor disability (both arm affected – BA) and cerebral palsy will
be provided the facility of scribe, if desired by the person. In case of other category of Persons with
Benchmark Disabilities as defined under section 2(r) of the RPWD Act, 2016, the facility of scribe will
be allowed to such candidates on production of a certificate to the effect that the person concerned
has physical limitation to write, and scribe is essential to write examination on behalf, from the Chief
Medical Officer/ Civil Surgeon/ Medical Superintendent of a Government Health Care institution as
per proforma at Appendix – V.
Further, for persons with specified disabilities covered under the definition of Section 2(s)
of the RPwD Act, 2016 but not covered under the definition of Section 2(r) of the said Act, i.e. persons
having less than 40% disability and having difficulty in writing will be eligible for provided the
facility of scribe subject to production of a certificate to the effect that person concerned has
limitation to write and that scribe is essential to write examination on his/her behalf from the
competent medical authority of a Government healthcare institutio n as per proforma at Appendix-
VII
(ii) The candidates have discretion of opting for his/her own scribe or request the
Commission for the same. The details of scribe i.e. whether own or the Commission’s and the details
of scribe in case candidates are bringing their own scribe, will be sought at the time of filling up the
application form online as per proforma at Appendix - VI. (for Candidates having 40% disability or
more) and Appendix-VIII. (for Candidates having less than 40% disability and having difficulty in
writing).
(iii) The qualification of the Commission’s scribe as well as own scribe will not be more than
the minimum qualification criteria of the examination. However, the qualification of the scribe should
always be matriculate or above.
(iv) The Persons with Benchmark Disabilities in the category of blindness, locomotor
disability (both arm affected – BA) and cerebral palsy will be allowed Compensatory Time of twenty
minutes per hour of the examination. In case of other categories of Persons with Benchmark
Disabilities, this facility will be provided on production of a certificate to the effect that the person
concerned has physical limitation to write from the Chief Medical Officer/ Civil Surgeon/ Medical
Superintendent of a Government Health Care institution as per proforma at Appendix – V.
Further, for persons with specified disabilities covered under the definition of Section 2(s) of
the RPwD Act, 2016 but not covered under the definition of Section 2(r) of the said Act, i.e. persons
having less than 40% disability and having difficulty in writing will be eligible for provided
compensatory time subject to production of a certificate to the effect that person concerned has
limitation to write from the competent medical authority of a Government healthcare institution as per
proforma at Appendix-VII.
(v) Facility of Scribe and/or Compensatory time to eigilible candidates will be provided, if desiserd by
them.
Note (1) : The eligibility conditions of a scribe, his/her conduct inside the examination hall and the
manner in which and extent to which the scribe can help the eligible candidates (as defined above) in
writing the Civil Services Examination shall be governed by the instructions issued by the UPSC in
this regard. Violation of all or any of the said instructions shall entail the cancellation of the
candidature of the candidate in addition to any other action that the UPSC may take against the
scribe.
Note (2) : The criteria for determining the percentage of visual impairment shall be as follows :—
Better eye Worse eye Per Cent Disability category
Best Corrected Best Corrected Impairment
6/6 to 6/18 6/6 to 6/18 0% 0
6/24 to 6/60 10% 0
Less than 6/60 to 3/60 20% I
Less than 3/60 to No Light 30% II (One eyed person)
Perception
6/24 to 6/60 Or 6/24 to 6/60 40% III a (low vision)
Less than 6/60 to 3/60 50% III b (low vision)
Visual field less than 40 up Less than 3/60 to No Light 60% III c (low vision)
to 20 degree around centre Perception
of fixation
or heminaopia
involving macula
Less than 6/60 to 3/60 Less than 6/60 to 3/60 70% III d (low vision)
Or Less than 3/60 to No Light 80% III e (low vision)
Visual field less than 20 up Perception
to 10 degree around
centre of fixation
Less than 3/60 to 1/60 Less than 3/60 to No Light 90% IV a (Blindness)
Or Perception
Visual field less than 10

degree around centre of
fixation
Only HMCF Only HMCF 100% IV b (Blindness)

Only Light Perception Only Light Perception
No Light perception No Light perception
Note (3) : The concession admissible to blind/low vision candidates shall not be admissible to
those suffering from Myopia.
I. The Commission have discretion to fix qualifying marks in any or all the subjects of the
examination.
II. If a candidate’s handwriting is not easily legible, a deduction will be made on this account
from the total marks otherwise accruing to the candidate.
III. Marks will not be allotted for mere superficial knowledge.
IV. Credit will be given for orderly, effective and exact expression combined with due economy
of in all subjects of the examination.
V. In the question papers, wherever required, SI units will be used.
VI. Candidates should use only International form of Indian numerals (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 etc.)
while answering question papers.
VII. Candidates will be allowed the use of Scientific (Non-Programmable type) Calculators at the
conventional (Essay) type examination of UPSC. Programmable type calculators will however
not be allowed and the use of such calculators shall tantamount to resorting to unfair means
by the candidates. Loaning or interchanging of calculators in the Examination Hall is not
permitted. It is also important to note that candidates are not permitted to use calculators for
answering objective type papers (Test Booklets). They should not therefore bring the same
inside the Examination Hall.
A. Interview Test/Personality Test
1. The candidate will be interviewed by a Board who will have before them a record
of his career. He will be asked questions on matters of general interest. The object
of the interview is to assess the personal suitability of the candidate for a career in
public service by a Board of competent and unbiased observers. The test is
intended to judge the mental caliber of a candidate. In broad terms this is really an
assessment of not only his intellectual qualities but also social traits and his
interest in current affairs. Some of the qualities to be judged are mental alertness,
critical powers of assimilation, clear and logical exposition, balance of judgement,
variety and depth of interest, ability for social cohesion and leadership, intellectual
and moral integrity.
2. The technique of the interview is not that of a strict cross-examination but of a

natural, though directed and purposive conversation which is intended to reveal
the mental qualities of the candidate.
3. The interview test is not intended to be a test either of the specialised or general
knowledge of the candidates which has been already tested through their written
papers. Candidates are expected to have taken an intelligent interest not only in
their special subjects of academic study but also in the events which are
happening around them both within and outside their own State or Country as
well as in modern currents of thought and in new discoveries which should rouse
the curiosity of well educated youth.
SECTION III
SYLLABI FOR THE EXAMINATION
NOTE : Candidates are advised to go through the Syllabus published in this Section for the Main
Examination, as periodic revision of syllabus has been done in several subjects.
Part B—Main Examination

The main Examination is intended to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth of
understanding of candidates rather than merely the range of their information and memory.
The nature and standard of questions in the General Studies papers (Paper II to Paper V) will be
such that a well-educated person will be able to answer them without any specialized study. The
questions will be such as to test a candidate’s general awareness of a variety of subjects, which will
have relevance for a career in Civil Services. The questions are likely to test the candidate’s basic
understanding of all relevant issues, and ability to analyze, and take a view on conflicting socio-
economic goals, objectives and demands. The candidates must give relevant, meaningful and succinct
answers.
The scope of the syllabus for optional subject papers (Paper VI and Paper VII) for the
examination is broadly of the honours degree 1evel i.e. a level higher than the bachelors’ degree and
lower than the masters’ degree. In the case of Engineering, Medical Science and law, the level
corresponds to the bachelors’ degree.
Syllabi of the papers included in the scheme of Civil Services (Main) Examination are given as
follows :—
QUALIFYING PAPERS ON INDIAN LANGUAGES AND ENGLISH
The aim of the paper is to test the candidates’ ability to read and understand serious discursive
prose, and to express his ideas clearly and correctly, in English and Indian language concerned.
The pattern of questions would be broadly as follows :
(i) Comprehension of given passages.
(ii) Précis Writing.
(iii) Usage and Vocabulary.
(iv) Short Essays.
Indian Languages:—
(i) comprehension of given passages.
(ii) Précis Writing.
(iii) Usage and Vocabulary.
(iv) Short Essays.
(v) Translation from English to the Indian Language and vice-versa.
Note 1: The papers on Indian Languages and English will be of Matriculation or equivalent standard
and will be of qualifying nature only. The marks obtained in these papers will not be counted for
ranking.
Note 2: The candidates will have to answer the English and Indian Languages papers in English and
the respective Indian language (except where translation is involved).
PAPER-I
Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep
closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely.
Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.
PAPER-II
General Studies-I : Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and
Society.
® Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from
ancient to modern times.
® Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present-
significant events, personalities, issues.
® The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from
different parts of the country.
® Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.
® History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution,
world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political
philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the
society.
® Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
® Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and
developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
® Effects of globalization on Indian society.
® Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
® Salient features of world’s physical geography.
® Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian
subcontinent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector
industries in various parts of the world (including India).
® Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone
etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features
(including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
PAPER-III
General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations.
® Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant
provisions and basic structure.
® Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the
federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
® Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.
® Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.
® Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers &
privileges and issues arising out of these.
® Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and
Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their
role in the Polity.
® Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.
® Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of
various Constitutional Bodies.
® Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.
® Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising
out of their design and implementation.
® Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs, various
groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.
® Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the
performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the
protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
® Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health,
Education, Human Resources.
® Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
® Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance- applications,
models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and
institutional and other measures.
® Role of civil services in a democracy.
® India and its neighborhood- relations.
® Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting
India’s interests.
® Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian
diaspora.
® Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.
PAPER-IV
General Studies-III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment,
Security and Disaster Management
® Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth,
development and employment.
® Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
® Government Budgeting.
® Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, - different types of irrigation
and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues
and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
® Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public
Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and
food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
® Food processing and related industries in India- scope’ and significance, location, upstream
and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
® Land reforms in India.
® Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on
industrial growth.
® Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
® Investment models.
® Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
® Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and
developing new technology.
® Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and
issues relating to intellectual property rights.
® Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
® Disaster and disaster management.
® Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
® Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
® Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social
networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering
and its prevention.
® Security challenges and their management in border areas - linkages of organized crime with
terrorism.
® Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.
PAPER-V
General Studies- IV: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude
• This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating
to integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts
faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine
these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered :
• Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions;
dimensions of ethics; ethics - in private and public relationships. Human Values - lessons from the
lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family society and
educational institutions in inculcating values.
• Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral
and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.
• Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship,
objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-
sections
• Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and
governance.
• Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
• Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical
concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and
conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of
ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding;
corporate governance.
• Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity;
Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of
Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds,
challenges of corruption
PAPER-VI & PAPER VII

Optional Subject Papers I & II
Candidate may choose any optional subject from amongst the List of Optional Subjects given in
Para 2.
AGRICULTURE
PAPER-I
Ecology and its relevance to man, natural resources, their sustainable management and
conservation. Physical and social environment as factors of crop distribution and production. Agro
ecology; cropping pattern as indicators of environments. Environmental pollution and associated
hazards to crops, animals and humans. Climate change—International conventions and global
initiatives. Green house effect and global warming. Advance tools for ecosystem analysis—Remote
Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
Cropping patterns in different agro-climatic zones of the country. Impact of high-yielding and
short-duration varieties on shifts in cropping patterns. Concepts of various cropping, and farming
systems. Organic and Precision farming. Package of practices for production of important cereals,
pulses, oil seeds, fibres, sugar, commercial and fodder crops.
Important features, and scope of various types of forestry plantations such as social forestry,
agro-forestry, and natural forests : Propagation of forest plants. Forest products. Agro-forestry and
value addition. Conservation of forest flora and fauna.
Weeds, their characteristics, dissemination and association with various crops; their
multiplications; cultural, biological, and chemical control of weeds.
Soil—physical, chemical and biological properties. Processes and factors of soil formation.
Soils of India. Mineral and organic constituents of soils and their role in maintaining soil productivity.
Essential plant nutrients and other beneficial elements in soils and plants. Principles of soil fertility,
soil testing and fertiliser recommendations, integrated nutrient management Biofertilizers. Losses of
nitrogen in soil, nitrogen-use efficiency in submerged rice soils, nitrogen fixation in soils. Efficient
phosphoruse and potassium use. Problem soils and their reclamation. Soil factors affecting green
house gas emission.
Soil conservation, integrated watershed management. Soil erosion and its management. Dry
land agriculture and its problems. Technology for stabilising agriculture production in rainfed areas.
Water-use efficiency in relation to crop production, criteria for scheduling irrigations, ways and
means of reducing run-off losses of irrigation water. Rainwater harvesting. Drip and sprinkler
irrigation. Drainage of water-logged soils, quality of irrigation water, effect of industrial effluents on
soil and water pollution. Irrigation projects in India.
Farm management, scope, importance and characteristics, farm planning. Optimum resource
use and budgeting. Economics of different types of farming systems. Marketing management
strategies for development, market intelligence. Price fluctuations and their cost; role of co-
operatives in agricultural economy; types and systems of farming and factors affecting them.
Agricultural price policy. Crop Insurance.
Agricultural extension, its importance and role, methods of evaluation of extension
programmes, socio-economic survey and status of big, small and marginal farmers and landless
agricultural labourers; Training programmes for extension workers. Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s
(KVK) in dissemination of Agricultural technologies. Non-Government Organisation (NGO) and self-
help group approach for rural development.
PAPER-II
Cell structure, function and cell cycle. Synthesis, structure and function of genetic material. Laws
of heredity. Chromosome structure, chromosomal aberrations, linkage and cross-over, and their
significance in recombination breeding. Polyploidy, euploids and aneuploids. Mutation—and their
role in crop improvement. Heritability, sterility and incompatibility, classification and their
application in crop improvement. Cytoplasmic inheritance, sex-linked, sex-influenced and sexlimited
characters.
History of plant breeding. Modes of reproduction, selfing and crossing techniques. Origin,
evolution and domestication of crop plants, center of origin, law of homologous series, crop genetic
resources—conservation and utilization. Application of principles of plant breeding, improvement of
crop plants. Molecular markers and their application in plant improvement. Pure-line selection,
pedigree, mass and recurrent selections, combining ability, its significance in plant breeding.
Heterosis and its exploitation. Somatic hybridization. Breeding for disease and pest resistance. Role
of interspecific and intergeneric hybridization. Role of genetic engineering and biotechnology in crop
improvement Gernetically modified crop plants.
Seed production and processing technologies. Seed certification, Seed testing and storage. DNA
finger printing and seed registration. Role of public and private sectors in seed production, and
marketing. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issues, WTO issues and its impact on Agriculture.
Principles of Plant Physiology with reference to plant nutrition, absorption, translocation and
metabolism of nutrients. Soil-water-plant relationship.
Enzymes and plant pigments; photosynthesis—modern concepts and factors affecting the
process, aerobic and anaerobic respiration; C3, C4 and CAM mechanisms. Carbohydrate, protein and
fat metabolism. Growth and development; photoperiodism and vernalization. Plant growth
substances and their role in crop production. Physiology of seed development and germination;
dormancy. Stress physiology—draught, salt and water stress.
Major fruits, plantation crops, vegetables, spices and flower crops. Package practices of major
horticultural crops. Protected cultivation and high tech horticulture. Post-harvest technology and
value addition of fruits and vegetables. Landscaping and commercial floriculture. Medicinal and
aromatic plants. Role of fruits and vegetables in human nutrition.
Diagnosis of pests and diseases of field crops, vegetables, orchard and plantation crops and their
economic importance. Classification of pests and diseases and their management. Intergrated pest
and diseases management. Storage pests and their management. Biological control of pests and
diseases. Epidemiology and forecasting of major crop pests and diseases. Plant quarantine measures.
Pesticides, their formulation and modes of action.
Food production and consumption trends in India. Food security and growing population—
vision 2020. Reasons for grain surplus. National and International food policies. Production,
procurement, distribution constraints. Availability of foodgtrains, per capita expenditure on food.
Trends in poverty, Public Distribution System and Below Poverty Line population, Targeted Public
Distribution System (PDS), policy implementation in context to globalization. Processing constraints.
Relation of food production to National Dietary Guidelines and food consumption pattern. Food
based dietary approaches to eliminate hunger. Nutrient deficiency— Micro nutrient deficiency :
Protein Energy Malnutrition or Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PEM or PCM), Micro nutrient deficiency
and HRD in context of work capacity of women and children. Food grain productivity and food
security.
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE

PAPER-I
1. Animal Nutrition :
1.1 Partitioning of food energy within the animal. Direct and indirect calorimetry. Carbon—
nitrogen balance and comparative slaughter methods. Systems for expressing energy value of
foods in ruminants, pigs and poultry. Energy requirements for maintenance, growth,
pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool, and meat production.
1.2 Latest advances in protein nutrition. Energy protein inter-relationships. Evaluation of protein
quality. Use of NPN compounds in ruminant diets. Protein requirements for maintenance,
growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool and meat production.
1.3 Major and trace minerals—Their sources, physiological functions and deficiency symptoms.
Toxic minerals. Mineral interactions. Role of fatsoluble and water—soluble vitamins in the
body, their sources and deficiency symptoms.
1.4 Feed additives—methane inhibitors, probiotics, enzymes, antibiotics, hormones,
oligosaccharides, antioxidants, emulsifiers, mould inhibitors, buffers etc. Use and abuse of
growth promoters like harmones and antibiotics—latest concepts.
1.5 Conservation of fodders. Storage of feeds and feed ingredients. Recent advances in feed
technology and feed processing. Anti-nutritional and toxic factors present in livestock feeds.
Feed analysis and quality control. Digestibility trials—direct, indirect and indicator methods.
Predicting feed intake in grazing animals.
1.6 Advances in ruminant nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Balanced rations. Feeding of calves,
pregnant, work animals and breeding bulls. Strategies for feeding milch animals during
different stages of lactation cycle. Effect of feeding on milk composition. Feeding of goats for
meat and milk production. Feeding of sheep for meat and wool production.
1.7 Swine Nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Creep, starter, grower and finisher rations. Feeding
of pigs for lean meat production. Low cost rations for swine.
1.8 Poultry nutrition. Special features of poultry nutrition. Nutrient requirements for meat and
egg production. Formulation of rations for different classes of layers and broilers.
2. Animal Physiology :
2.1 Physiology of blood and its circulation, respiration; excretion. Endocrine glands in health and
disease.
2.2 Blood constituents.—Properties and functions-blood cell formation—Haemoglobin synthesis

and chemistry-plasma proteins production, classification and properties, coagulation of
blood; Haemorrhagic disorders—anti-coagulants—blood groups—Blood volume—Plasma
expanders-Buffer systems in blood. Biochemical tests and their significance in disease
diagnosis.
2.3 Circulation.—Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle, heart sounds, heart beat, electrocardiograms.
Work and efficiency of heart—effect of ions on heart functionmetabolism of cardiac muscle,
nervous and chemical regulation of heart, effect of temperature and stress on heart, blood
pressuer and hypertension, osmotic regulation, arterial pulse, vasomotor regulation of
circulation, shock. Coronary and pulmonary circulation, Blood-Brain barrier Cerebrospinal
fluid-circulation in birds.
2.4 Respiration.—Mechanism of respiration, Transport and exchange of gases-neural control of
respiration-Chemo-receptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds.
2.5 Excretion.—Structure and function of kidney-formation of urine-methods of studying renal

function-renal regulation of acid-base balance : physiological constituents of urine-renal
failure-passive venous congestion-Urinary secretion in chicken-Sweat glands and their
function. Bio-chemical test for urinary dysfunction.
2.6 Endocrine glands.—Functional disorders—their symptoms and diagnosis. Synthesis of

hormones, mechanism and control of secretion—hormonal receptors-classification and
function.
2.7 Growth and Animal Production.—Prenatal and postnatal growth, maturation, growth curves,
measures of growth, factors affecting growth, conformation, body composition, meat quality.
2.8 Physiology of Milk Production, Reproduction and Digestion.—Current status of hormonal
control of mammary development, milk secretion and milk ejection. Male and Female
reproductive organs, their components and functions. Digestive organs and their functions.
2.9 Environmental Physiology.—Physiological relations and their regulation; mechanisms of
adaptation, environmental factors and regulatory mechanisms involved in animal behaviour,
climatology—various parameters and their importance. Animal ecology.
Physiology of behaviour. Effect of stress on health and production.
3. Animal Reproduction :
Semen quality.—Preservation and Artificial Insemination—Components of semen,
composition of spermatozoa, chemical and physical properties of ejaculated semen, factors
affecting semen in vivo and in vitro. Factors affecting semen production and quality,
preservation, composition of diluents, sperm concentration, transport of diluted semen. Deep
freezing techniques in cows, sheep, goats, swine and poultry. Detection of oestrus and time of
insemination for better conception. Anoestrus and repeat breeding.
4. Livestock Production and Management :

4.1 Commercial Dairy Farming.—Comparison of dairy farming in India with advanced countries.
Dairying under mixed farming and as specialized farming, economic dairy farming. Starting of
a dairy farm, Capital and land requirement, organization of the dairy farm. Opportunities in
dairy farming, factors determining the efficiency of dairy animal. Heard recording, budgeting
cost of milk production, pricing policy; Personnel Management. Developing Practical and
Economic rations for dairy cattle; supply of greens throughout the year, feed and fodder
requirements of Dairy Farm. Feeding regimes for young stock and bulls, heifers and breeding
animals; new trends in feeding young and adult stock; Feeding records.
4.2 Commercial meat, egg and wool production.—Development of practical and economic rations
for sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits and poultry. Supply of greens, fodder, feeding regimes for young
and mature stock. New trends in enhancing production and management. Capital and land
requirements and socio-economic concept.
4.3 Feeding and management of animals under drought, flood and other natural calamities.
5. Genetics and Animal Breeding :
5.1 History of animal genetics. Mitosis and Meiosis : Mendelian inheritance; deviations to
Mendelian genetics; Expression of genes; Linkage and crossing over; Sex determination, sex
influenced and sex limited characters; Blood groups and polymorphism; Chromosome
aberrations; Cytoplasmic inheritance, Gene and its structure; DNA as a genetic material;
Genetic code and protein synthesis; Recombinant DNA technology. Mutations, types of
mutations, methods for detecting mutations and mutation rate, Transgenesis.
5.2 Population Genetics applied to Animal Breeding—Quantitative Vs. Qualitative traits; Hardy
Weinberg Law; Population Vs. Individual; Gene and genotypic frequency; Forces changing
gene frequency; Random drift and small populations; Theory of path coefficient; Inbreeding,
methods of estimating inbreeding coefficient, systems of inbreeding; Effective population
size; Breeding value, estimation of breeding value, dominance and epistatic deviation;
Partitioning of variation; Genotype X environment correlation and genotype X environment
interaction; role of multiple measurements; Resemblance between relatives.
5.3 Breeding Systems.—Breeds of livestsock and Poultry. Heritability, repeatability and genetic
and phenotypic correlations, their methods of estimation and precision of estimates;
Aids to selection and their relative merits; Individual, pedigree, family and within family
selection; Pregnency testing; Methods of selection; Construction of selection indices and their
uses; Comparative evaluation of genetic gains through various selection methods; Indirect
selection and correlated response; Inbreeding, out breeding, upgrading, crossbreeding and
synthesis of breeds; Crossing of inbred lines for commercial production; Selection for general
and specific combining ability; Breeding for threshold characters. Sire index.
6. Extension :
Basic philosophy, objectives, concept and principles of extension. Different Methods adopted
to educate farmers under rural conditions. Generation of technology, its transfer and
feedback. Problems and constraints in transfer of technology. Animal husbandry programmes
for rural development.
PAPER-II
1. Anatomy, Pharmacology and Hygiene :
1.1 Histology and Histological Techniques : Paraffin embedding technique of tissue processing
and H.E. staining—Freezing microtomy—Microscopy Bright field microscope and electron
microscope. Cytology-structure of cell organells and inclusions; cell division-cell types—
Tissues and their classification-embryonic and adult tissues— Comparative histology of
organs—Vascular, Nervous, digestive, respiratory, musculoskeletal and urogenital systems—
Endocrine glands—Integuments—sense organs.
1.2 Embryology.—Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and domestic
mammals gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers-foetal membranes and placentationtypes
of placenta in domestic mammals-Teratology-twins and twinning-organogenesisgerm layer
derivatives-endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal derivatives.
1.3 Bovine Anatomy.—Regional Anatomy : Paranasal sinuses of OX— surface anatomy of
salivary glands. Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary, mandi-buloalveolar, mental and
cornnal nerve block. Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pudental nerve, median,
ulnar and radial nervestibial, fibular and digital nerves—Cranial nerves-structures involved
in epidural anaesthesia-superficial lymph nodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of
thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities-comparative-features of locomotor apparatus and
their application in the biomechanics of mammalian body.
1.4 Anatomy of Fowl.—Musculo-skeletal system-functional anatomy in relation to respiration
and flying, digestion and egg production.
1.5 Pharmacology and therapeutics drugs.—Cellular level of pharmacodynamics and
pharmacokinetics. Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance. Drugs acting on Autonomic
nervous system. Modern concepts of anaesthesia and dissociative anaesthetics. Autocoids.
Antimicrobials and principles of chemotherapy in microbial infections. Use of hormones in
therapeutics—chemotherapy of parasitic infections. Drug and economic concerns in the
Edible tissues of animals—chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases. Toxicity due to “insecticides,
plants, metals, non-metals, zootoxins and mycotoxins”.
1.6 Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation.—Assessment of
pollution of water, air and soil—Importance of climate in animal health—effect of
environment on animal function and performance relationship between industrialisation and
animal agriculture—animal housing requirements for specific categories of domestic animals
viz. pregnant cows and sows, milking cows, broiler birds—stress, strain and productivity in
relation to animal habitation.
2. Animal Diseases :
2.1 Etiology, epidemiology pathogenesis, symptoms, post-moretem lesions, diagnosis, and control
of infectious diseases of cattle, sheep and goat, horses, pigs and poultry.
2.2 Etiology, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of production diseases of cattle,
horse, pig and poultry.
2.3 Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds.
2.4 Diagnosis and treatment of non-specific conditions like impaction, Bloat, Diarrhoea,
Indigestion, dehydration, stroke, poisioning.
2.5 Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.
2.6 Principles and methods of immunisation of animals against specific diseases—hard
immunity—disease free zones—‘zero’ disease concept—chemoprophylaxis.
2.7 Anaesthesia.—local, regional and general-prenesthetic medication. Symptoms and surgical
interference in fractures and dislocation. Hernia, choking abomassal displacement—
Caesarian operations. Rumenotomy—Castrations.
2.8 Disease investigation techniques.—Materials for laboratory investigation—Establishment.
Animal Health Centres—Disease free zone.
3. Veterinary Public Health :
3.1 Zoonoses.—Classification, definition, role of animals and birds in prevalence and
transmission of zoonotic diseases—occupational zoonotic diseases.
3.2 Epidemiology.—Principle, definition of epidemiological terms, application of epidemiological
measures in the study of diseases and disease control. Epidemiological features of air, water
and food borne infections. OIE regulation, WTO, sanitary and phytosanitary measures.
3.3 Veterinary Jurisprudence.—Rules and Regulations for improvement of animal quality and
prevention of animal diseases—State and Central Rules for prevention of animal and animal
product borne diseases—S.P. C.A.—Veterolegal cases—Certificates—Materials and Methods
of collection of samples for veterolegal investigation.
4. Milk and Milk Products Technology :
4.1 Market Milk.—Quality, testing and grading of raw milk. Processing, packaging, storing,
distribution, marketing defects and their control. Preparation of the following milks :
Pasteurized, standardized, toned, double toned, sterilized, homogenized, reconstituted,
recombined and flavoured milks. Preparation of cultured milks, cultures and their
management, yoghurt, Dahi, Lassi and Srikhand. Preparation of flavoured and sterilized milks.
Legal standards. Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and for the milk plant
equipment.
4.2 Milk Products Technology.—Selection of raw materials, processing, storing, distributing
and marketing milk products such as Cream, Butter, Ghee, Khoa, Channa, Cheese, condensed,
evaporated, dried milk and baby food, lce cream and Kulfi; by-products, whey products,
butter milk, lactose and casein. Testing, grading, judging milk products—BIS and Agmark
specifications, legal standards, quality control nutritive properties. Packaging processing and
operational control. Costing of dairy products.
5. Meat Hygiene and Technology :
5.1 Meat Hygiene
5.1.1 Ante mortem care and management of food animals, stunning, slaughter and
dressing operations; abattoir requirements and designs; Meat inspection
procedures and judgement of carcass meat cuts—grading of carcass meat cuts—
duties and functions of Veterinarians in wholesome meat production.
5.1.2 Hygienic methods of handling production of meat.—Spoilage of meat and
control measures—Post- slaughter physicochemical changes in meat and factors
that influence them—Quality improvement methods—Adulteration of meat and
detection—Regulatory provisions in Meat trade and Industry.
5.2 Meat Technology
5.2.1 Physical and chemical characteristics of meat.—Meat emulsions—Methods of
preservation of meat—Curing, canning, irradiation, packaging of meat and meat
products, processing and formulations.
5.3 By-products.—Slaughter house by-products and their utilisation—Edible and inedible by
products—Social and economic implications of proper utilisation of slaughter house
byproducts—Organ products for food and pharmaceuticals.
5.4 Poultry Products Technology.—Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry meat,
pre- slaughter care and management. Slaughtering techniques, inspection, preservation of
poultry meat and products. Legal and BIS standards.
Structure composition and nutritive value of eggs Microbial spoilage. Preservation and
maintenance. Marketing of poultry meat, eggs and products.
5.5 Rabbit/Fur Animal farming.—Rabbit meat production. Disposal and utilization of fur and
wool and recycling of waste by products. Grading of wool.
ANTHROPOLOGY
PAPER-I
1.1 Meaning, Scope and development of Anthropology.
1.2 Relationships with other disciplines : Social Sciences, behavioural Sciences, Life Sciences,
Medical Sciences, Earth Sciences and Humanities.
1.3 Main branches of Anthropology, their scope and relevance :
(a) Social-cultural Anthropology.
(b) Biological Anthropology.
(c) Archaeological Anthropology.
(d) Linguistic Anthropology.
1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of Man :
(a) Biological and Cultural factors in human evolution.
(b) Theories of Organic Evolution (Pre-Darwinian, Darwinian and Post-Darwinian).
(c) Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline of terms and concepts of evolutionary biology
(Doll’s rule, Cope’s rule, Gause’s rule, parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation, and
mosaic evolution).
1.5 Characteristics of Primates; Evolutionary Trend and Primate Taxonomy; Primate
Adaptations; (Arboreal and Terrestrial) Primate Taxonomy; Primate Behaviour; Tertiary and
Quaternary fossil primates; Living Major Primates; Comparative Anatomy of Man and Apes;
Skeletal changes due to erect posture and its implications.
1.6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of the following :
(a) Plio-preleistocene hominids inSouth and East Africa—Australopithecines.
(b) Homo erectus : Africa (Paranthropus), Europe (Homo erectus (heidelbergensis), Asia
(Homo erectus javanicus, Homo erectus pekinensis.
(c) Neanderthal man—La-chapelle-aux-saints (Classical type), Mt. Carmel (Progressive
type).
(d) Rhodesian man.
(e) Homo saoiens—Cromagnon, Grimaldi and Chancelede.
1.7 The biological basis of Life : The Cell, DNA structure and replication, Protein Synthesis, Gene,
Mutation, Chromosomes, and Cell Division.
1.8 (a) Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology. Chronology : Relative and Absolute Dating
methods.
(b) Cultural Evolution—Broad Outlines of Prehistoric cultures :
(i) Paleolithic
(ii) Mesolithic
(iii) Neolithic
(iv) Chalcolithic
(v) Copper-Bronze Age
(vi) Iron Age
2.1 The Nature of Culture : The concept and Characteristics of culture and civilization;
Ethnocentrism vis-a-vis cultural Relativism.
2.2 The Nature of Society : Concept of Society; Society and Culture; Social Institution; Social
groups; and Social stratification.
2.3 Marriage : Definition and universality; Laws of marriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy,
hypogamy, incest taboo); Type of marriage (monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group
marriage). Functions of marriage; Marriage regulations (preferential, prescriptive and
proscriptive); Marriage payments (bride wealth and dowry).
2.4 Family : Definition and universality; Family, household and domestic groups; functions of
family; Types of family (from the perspectives of structure, blood relation, marriage,
residence and succession); Impact of urbanization, industrialization and feminist movements
on family.
2.5 Kinship : Consanguinity and Affinity; Principles and types of descent (Unilineal, Double,
Bilateral Ambilineal); Forms of descent groups (lineage, clan, phratry, moiety and kindred);
Kinship terminology (descriptive and classificatory); Descent, Filiation and Complimentary
Filiation;Decent and Alliance.
3. Economic Organization : Meaning, scope and relevance of economic anthropology;
Formalist and Substantivist debate; Principles governing production, distribution and
exchange (reciprocity, redistribution and market), in communities, subsisting on hunting and
gathering, fishing, swiddening, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture; globalization and
indigenous economic systems.
4. Political Organization and Social Control : Band, tribe, chiefdom, kingdom and state;
concepts of power, authority and legitimacy; social control, law and justice in simple Societies.
5. Religion : Anthropological approaches to the study of religion (evolutionary, psychological
and functional); monotheism and polytheism; sacred and profane; myths and rituals; forms of
religion in tribal and peasant Societies (animism, animatism, fetishism, naturism and
totemism); religion, magic and science distinguished; magico-religious functionaries (priest,
shaman, medicine man, sorcerer and witch).
6. Anthropological theories :
(a) Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan and Frazer)
(b) Historical particularism (Boas) Diffusionism (British, German and American)
(c) Functionalism (Malinowski); Structural—Functionlism (Radcliffe-Brown)
(d) Structuralism (L’evi-Strauss and E. Leach)
(e) Culture and personality (Benedict, Mead, Linton, Kardiner and Cora-du Bois)
(f) Neo—evolutionism (Childe, White, Steward, Sahlins and Service)
(g) Cultural materialism (Harris)
(h) Symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner, Schneider and Geertz) (i) Cognitive theories
(Tyler, Conklin) (j) Post-modernism in anthropology.
7. Culture, Language and Communication :
Nature, origin and characteristics of language; verbal and non-verbal communication; social
contex of language use.
8. Research methods in Anthropology :
(a) Fieldwork tradition in anthropology
(b) Distinction between technique, method and methodology
(c) Tools of data collection : observation, interview, schedules, questionnaire, case study,
genealogy, life-history, oral history, secondary sources of information, participatory
methods.
(d) Analysis, interpretation and presentation of data.
9.1 Human Genetics : Methods and Application : Methods for study of genetic principles in man-
family study (pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child, co-twin method, cytogenetic method,
chromosomal and karyo-type analysis), biochemical methods, immunological methods, D.N.A.
technology and recombinant technologies.
9.2 Mendelian genetics in man-family study, single factor, multifactor, lethal, sub-lethal and
polygenic inheritance in man.
9.3 Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection, Mendelian population, Hardy-Weinberg law;
causes and changes which bring down frequency-mutation, isolation, migration, selection,
inbreeding and genetic drift. Consanguineous and non-consanguineous mating, genetic load,
genetic effect of consanguineous and cousin marriages.
9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology.
(a) Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders).
(b) Sex chromosomal aberration- Klinefelter (XXY), Turner (XO), Super female (XXX),
intersex and other syndromic disorders.
(c) Autosomal aberrations- Down syndrome, Patau, Edward and Cri-du-chat syndromes.
(d) Genetic imprints in human disease, genetic screening, genetic counseling, human DNA
profiling, gene mapping and genome study.
9.5 Race and racism, biological basis of morphological variation of non-metric and characters.
Racial criteria, racial traits in relation to heredity and environment; biological basis of racial
classification, racial differentiation and race crossing in man.
9.6 Age, sex and population variation as genetic marker :ABO, Rh blood groups, HLA Hp,
transferring, Gm, blood enzymes. Physiological characteristics-Hb level, body fat, pulse rate,
respiratory functions and sensory perceptions in different cultural and socio-ecomomic
groups.
9.7 Concepts and methods of Ecological Anthropology : Bio-cultural Adaptations—Genetic
and Non-genetic factors. Man’s physiological responses to environmental stresses: hot desert,
cold, high altitude climate.
9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology : Health and disease. Infectious and non-infectious diseases,
Nutritional deficiency related diseases.
10. Concept of human growth and Development : Stages of growth—pre-natal, natal, infant,
childhood, adolescence, maturity, senescence.
—Factors affecting growth and development genetic, environmental, biochemical, nutritional,
cultural and socio-economic.
—Ageing and senescence. Theories and observations
—Biological and chronological longevity. Human physique and somatotypes. Methodologies
for growth studies.
11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and other bioevents to fertility. Fertility patterns and
differentials.
11.2 Demographic theories-biological, social and cultural.
11.3 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing fecundity, fertility, natality and mortality.
12. Applications of Anthropology : Anthropology of sports, Nutritional anthropology,
Anthroplogy in designing of defence and other equipments, Forensic Anthroplogy, Methods
and principles of personal identification and reconstruction, Applied human genetics—
Paternity diagnosis, genetic counselling and eugenics, DNA technology in diseases and
medicine, serogenetics and cytogenetics in reproductive biology.
PAPER-II
1.1 Evolution of the Indian Culture and Civilization—Prehistoric (Palaeolithic, Mesolithic,
Neolithic and Neolithic-Chalcolithic), Protohistoric (Indus Civilization). Pre-Harappan,
Harappan and post-Harappan cultures. Contributions of the tribal cultures to Indian
civilization.
1.2 Palaeo—Anthropological evidences from India with special reference to Siwaliks and
Narmada basin (Ramapithecus, Sivapithecus and Narmada Man).
1.3. Ethno-archaeology in India: The concept of ethno-archaeology; Survivals and Parallels
among the hunting, foraging, fishing, pastoral and peasant communities including arts and
crafts producing communities.
2. Demographic profile of India—Ethnic and linguistic elements in the Indian population and
their distribution. Indian population—factors influencing its structure and growth.
3.1 The structure and nature of traditional Indian social system—Varnashram, Purushartha,
Karma, Rina and Rebirth.
3.2 Caste system in India— Structure and characteristics Varna and caste, Theories of origin of
caste system, Dominant caste, Caste mobility, Future of caste system, Jajmani system. Tribe-
case continuum.
3.3 Sacred Complex and Nature-Man-Spirit Complex.
3.4. Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity of Indian society.
4. Emergence, growth and development in India—Contributions of the 18th, 19th and early 20th
Century scholar-administrators. Contributions of Indian anthropologists to tribal and caste
studies.
5.1 Indian Village—Significane of village study in India; Indian village as a social system;
Traditional and changing patterns of settlement and inter-caste relations; Agrarian relations
in Indian villages; Impact of globalization on Indian villages.
5.2 Linguistic and religious minorities and their social, political and economic status.
5.3 Indigenous and exogenous processes of socio-cultural change in Indian society:
Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization; Inter-play of little and great traditions;
Panchayati Raj and social change; Media and Social change.
6.1 Tribal situation in India—Bio-genetic variability, linguistic and socio-economic
characteristics of the tribal populations and their distribution.
6.2 Problems of the tribal Communities—Land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, low literacy,
poor educational facilities, unemployment, under- employment, health and nutrition.
6.3 Developmental projects and their impact on tribal displacement and problems of
rehabilitation. Development of forest policy and tribals. Impact of urbanisation and
industrialization on tribal populations.
7.1 Problems of exploitation and deprivation of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other
Backward Classes. Constitutional safeguards for Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes.
7.2 Social change and contemporary tribal societies : Impact of modern democratic institutions,
development programmes and welfare measures on tribals and weaker sections.
7.3 The concept of ethnicity; Ethnic conflicts and political developments; Unrest among tribal
communities; Regionalism and demand for autonomy; Pseudo-tribalism. Social change among
the tribes during colonial and post-Independent India.
8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and other religions on tribal societies.
8.2 Tribe and nation state—a comparative study of tribal communities in India and other
countries.
9.1 History of administration of tribal areas, tribal policies, plans, programmes of tribal
development and their implementation. The concept of PTGs (Primitive Tribal Groups), their
distribution, special programmes for their development. Role of N.G.O.s in tribal development.
9.2 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural development.
9.3 Contributions of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, communalism and ethnic
and political movements.
BOTANY
PAPER-I
1. Microbiology and Plant Pathology :

Structure and reproduction/multiplication of viruses,viroids, bacteria, fungi and mycoplasma;
Applications of microbiology in agriculture, industry, medicine and in control of soil and
water pollution; Prion and Prion hypothesis.
Important crop diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi and nematodes;
Modes of infection and dissemination; Molecular basis of infection and disease
resistance/defence; Physiology of parasitism and control measures. Fungal toxins.
Modelling and disease forecasting; Plant quarantine.
2. Cryptogams :
Algae, fungi, lichens, bryophytes, pteridophytes-structure and reproduction from
evolutionary viewpoint; Distribution of Cryptogams in India and their ecological and
economic importance.
3. Phanerogams :
Gymnosperms : Concept of Progymnosperms. Classification and distribution of gymnosperms.
Salient features of Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales and Gnetales, their structure and
reproduction. General account of Cycadofilicales, Bennettitales and Cordiaitailes; Geological
time scale; Type of fossils and their study techniques.
Angiosperms : Systematics, anatomy, embryology, palynology and phylogency.
Taxonomic hierarchy; International Code of Botanical Nomenclature; Numerical taxomomy
and chemotaxomomy; Evidence from anatomy, embryology and palynology.
Origin and evolution of angiosperms; Comparative account of various systems of classification of
angiosperms; Study of angiospermic families— Mangnoliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae,
Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Apiaceae,
Asclepiadaceae, Verbenaceae, Solanaceae, Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae,
Poaceae, Arecaceae, Liliaceae, Musaceae and Orchidaceae. Stomata and their types; Glandular and
non-glandular trichomes; Unusual secondary growth; Anatomy of C3 and C4 plants; Xylem and
phloem differentiation; Wood anatomy.
Development of male and female gametophytes, pollination, fertilization; Endosperm—its

development and function. Patterns of embryo development; Polyembroyony, apomixes;
Applications of palynology; Experimental embryology including pollen storage and testtube
fertilization.
4. Plant Resource Development :
Domestication and introduction of plants; Origin of cultivated plants, Vavilov’s centres of
origin. Plants as sources for food, fodder, fibres, spices, beverages, edible oils, drugs,
narcotics, insecticides, timber, gums, resins and dyes; latex, cellulose, starch and its products;
Perfumery; Importance of Ethnobotany in Indian context; Energy plantations; Botanical
Gardens and Herbaria.
5. Morphogenesis :
Totipotency, polarity, symmetry and differentiation; Cell, tissue, organ and protoplast culture.
Somatic hybrids and Cybrids; Micropropagation; Somaclonal variation and its applications;
Pollen haploids, embryo rescue methods and their applications.
PAPER-II
1. Cell Biology :
Techniques of cell biology. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells—structural and ultrastructural
details; Structure and function of extracellular matrix (cell wall) and membranes-cell
adhesion, membrane transport and vesicular transport; Structure and function of cell
organelles (chloroplasts, mitochondria, ER, dictyosomes ribosomes, endosomes,lysosomes,
peroxisomes; Cytoskelaton and microtubules; Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear pore complex;
Chromatin and nucleosome; Cell signalling and cell receptors; Signal transduction Mitosis and
meiosis; molecular basis of cell cycle. Numerical and structural variations in chromosomes
and their significance; Chromatin organization and packaging of genome; Polytene
chromosomes; B-chromosomes—structure, behaviour and significance.
2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution :
Development of genetics, and gene versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles); Quantitative
genetics and multiple factors; Incomplete dominance, polygenic inheritance, multiple alleles;
Linkage and crossing over of gene mapping including molecular maps (idea of mapping,
function); Sex chromosomes and sex-linked inheritance; sex determination and molecular
basis of sex differentiation; Mutations (biochemical and molecular basis); Cytoplasmic
inheritance and cytoplasmic genes (including genetics of male sterility).
Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins; Genetic code and regulation of gene
expression; Gene silencing; Multigene families; Organic evolution-evidences, mechanism and
theories.
Role of RNA in origin and evolution.
3. Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics :
Methods of plant breeding—introduction, selection and hybridization (pedigree, backcross,
mass selection, bulk method); Mutation, polyploidy, male sterility and heterosis breeding. Use
of apomixes in plant breeding; DNA sequencing; Genetic engineering— methods of transfer of
genes; Transgenic crops and biosafety aspects; Development and use of molecular markers in
plant breeding; Tools and techniques—probe, southern blotting, DNA fingerprinting, PCR and
FISH. Standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV). Tests of significance (Z-test, t-test
and chi-square tests). Probability and distributions (normal, binomial and Poisson).
Correlation and regression.
4. Physiology and Biochemistry :
Water relations, mineral nutrition and ion transport, mineral deficiencies. Photosynthesis—
photochemical reactions, photophosphorylation and carbon fixation pathways; C3, C4
and CAM pathways; Mechanism of pholem transport, Respiration
(anerobic and aerobic, including fermentation)—electron transport chain and oxidative

phosphorylation; Photorespiration; Chemiosmotic theory and ATP synthesis; Lipid
metabolism; Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen metabolism. Enzymes, coenzymes; Energy
transfer and energy conservation. Importance of secondary metabolites. Pigments as
photoreceptors (plastidial pigments and phytochrome). Plant movements; Photoperiodism
and flowering, vernalization, senescence; Growth substances—their chemical nature, role and
applications in agri-horticulture; growth indices, growth movements. Stress physiology (heat,
water, salinity, metal); Fruit and seed physiology. Dormancy, storage and germination of seed.
Fruit ripening—its molecular basis and manipulation.
5. Ecology and Plant Geography :
Concept of ecosystem; Ecological factors. Concepts and dynamics of community; Plant
succession. Concepts of biosphere; Ecosystems; Conservation; Pollution and its control
(including phytoreme-diation); Plant indicators; Environment (Protection) Act.
Forest types of India—‘Ecological and ecomomic importance of forests, afforestation,
deforestation and social forestry; Endangered plants, endemism IUCN categories, Red Data
Books; Biodiversity and its conservation; Protected Area Network; Convention of Biological
Diversity, Farmers’ Rights; and Intellectual Property Rights; Concept of Sustainable
Development; Biogeochemical cycles. Global warming and climatic change; Invasive species;
Environmetal Impact Assessment; Phytogeographical regions of India.
CHEMISTRY
PAPER-I
1. Atomic Structure :
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle Schrodinger wave equation (time independent);
Interpretation of wave function, particle in one- dimensional box, quantum numbers,
hydrogen atom wave functions; Shapes of s, p and d orbitals.
2. Chemical bonding :
Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic compounds, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle; covalent
bond and its general characteristics, polarities of bonds in molecules and their dipole
moments; Valence bond theory, concept of resonance and resonance energy; Molecular
orbital theory (LCAO method); bonding H2 +, H2 He2 + to Ne2, NO, CO, HF, CN–,
Comparison of valence bond and molecular orbital theories, bond order, bond strength and
bond length. 3. Solid State :
Crystal systems; Designation of crystal faces, lattice structures and unit cell; Bragg's law; X-
ray diffraction by crystals; Close packing, radius ratio rules, calculation of some limiting
radius ratio values; Structures of NaCl, ZnS, CsCl, CaF2; Stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric
defects, impurity defects, semi-conductors.
4. The Gaseous State and Transport Phenomenon :
Equation of state for real gases, intermolecular interactions, and critical phenomena and
liquefaction of gases; Maxwell’s distribution of speeds, intermolecular collisions, collisions on
the wall and effusion; Thermal conductivity and viscosity of ideal gases.
5. Liquid State :
Kelvin equation; Surface tension and surface enercy, wetting and contact angle, interfacial
tension and capillary action.
6. Thermodynamics :
Work, heat and internal energy; first law of thermodynamics.
Second law of thermodynamics; entropy as a state function, entropy changes in various
processes, entropy-reversibility and irreversibility, Free energy functions; Thermodynamic
equation of state; Maxwell relations; Temperature, volume and pressure dependence of U, H,
A, G, Cp and Cv, ®®and®® ; J-T effect and inversion temperature; criteria for equilibrium,
relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic quantities; Nernst heat
theorem, introductory idea of third law of thermodynamics.
7. Phase Equilibria and Solutions :
Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase diagram for a pure substance; phase equilibria in
binary systems, partially miscible liquids—upper and lower critical solution temperatures;
partial molar quantities, their significance and determination; excess thermodynamic
functions and their determination.
8. Electrochemistry :
Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes and Debye-Huckel limiting Law for various
equilibrium and transport properties.
Galvanic cells, concentration cells; electrochemical series, measurement of e.m.f. of cells and
its applications fuel cells and batteries.
Processes at electrodes; double layer at the interface; rate of charge transfer, current density;
overpotential; electroanalytical techniques : amperometry, ion selective electrodes and their
use.
9. Chemical Kinetics:
Differential and integral rate equations for zeroth, first, second and fractional order reactions;
Rate equations involving reverse, parallel, consecutive and chain reactions; Branching chain
and explosions; effect of temperature and pressure on rate constant. Study of fast reactions
by stop-flow and relaxation methods. Collisions and transition state theories.
10. Photochemistry:
Absorption of light; decay of excited state by different routes; photochemical reactions
between hydrogen and halogens and their quantum yields.
11. Surface Phenomena and Catalysis:
Adsorption from gases and solutions on solid adsorbents; Langmuir and B.E.T. adsorption
isotherms; determination of surface area, characteristics and mechanism of reaction on
heterogeneous catalysts.
12. Bio-inorganic Chemistry:
Metal ions in biological systems and their role in ion-transport across the membranes
(molecular mechanism), oxygen-uptake proteins, cytochromes and ferrodoxins.
13. Coordination Chemistry :
(i) Bonding in transition of metal complexes. Valence bond theory, crystal field theory and its
modifications; applications of theories in the explanation of magnetism and elctronic
spectra of metal complexes.
(ii) Isomerism in coordination compounds; IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds;
stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers; chelate effect and
polynuclear complexes; trans effect and its theories; kinetics of substitution reactions in
square-planar complexes; thermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes.
(iii) EAN rule, Synthesis structure and reactivity of metal carbonyls; carboxylate anions,
carbonyl hydrides and metal nitrosyl compounds.
(iv) Complexes with aromatic systems, synthesis, structure and bonding in metal olefin
complexes, alkyne complexes and cyclopentadienyl complexes; coordinative
unsaturation, oxidative addition reactions, insertion reactions, fluxional molecules and
their characterization; Compounds with metal—metal bonds and metal atom clusters.
14. Main Group Chemistry:
Boranes, borazines, phosphazenes and cyclic phosphazene, silicates and silicones,
Interhalogen compounds; Sulphur—nitrogen compounds, noble gas compounds.
15. General Chemistry of ‘f’ Block Element:
Lanthanides and actinides: separation, oxidation states, magnetic and spectral properties;
lanthanide contraction.
PAPER-II
1. Delocalised Covalent Bonding :
Aromaticity, anti-aromaticity; annulenes, azulenes, tropolones, fulvenes, sydnones.
2. (i) Reaction mechanisms : General methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of study of
mechanisms or organic reactions : isotopies, mathod cross-over experiment, intermediate
trapping, stereochemistry; energy of activation; thermodynamic control and kinetic control
of reactions.
(ii) Reactive intermediates : Generation, geometry, stability and reactions of carboniumions
and carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes and nitrenes.
(iii) Substitution reactions :—SN 1, SN 2, and SN i, mechanisms ; neighbouring group
participation; electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions of aromatic compounds including

heterocyclic compounds—pyrrole, furan, thiophene and indole.
(iv) Elimination reactions :—E1, E2 and E1cb mechanisms; orientation in E2 reactions—
Saytzeff and Hoffmann; pyrolytic syn elimination—acetate pyrolysis, Chugaev and Cope
eliminations.
(v) Addition reactions :—Electrophilic addition to C=C and C®C; nucleophilic addition to
C=O, C®N, conjugated olefins and carbonyls.
(vi) Reactions and Rearrangements :—(a) Pinacol-pinacolone, Hoffmann, Beckmann, Baeyer-
Villiger, Favorskii, Fries, Claisen, Cope, Stevens and Wagner—Meerwein rearrangements.
(b) Aldol condensation, Claisen condensation, Dieckmann, Perkin, Knoevenagel, Witting,
Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, Cannizzaro and von Richter reactions; Stobbe, benzoin and
acyloin condensations; Fischer indole synthesis, Skraup synthesis, BischlerNapieralski,
Sandmeyer, Reimer-Tiemann and Reformatsky reactions.
3. Pericyclic reactions :—Classification and examples; Woodward-Hoffmann rules—
electrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition reactions [2+2 and 4+2] and sigmatropic shifts [1, 3;
3, 3 and 1, 5], FMO approach.
4. (i) Preparation and Properties of Polymers: Organic polymerspolyethylene, polystyrene,
polyvinyl chloride, teflon, nylon, terylene, synthetic and natural rubber.
(ii) Biopolymers: Structure of proteins, DNA and RNA.
5. Synthetic Uses of Reagents:
OsO4, HlO4, CrO3, Pb(OAc)4, SeO2, NBS, B2H6, Na-Liquid NH3, LiAIH4, NaBH4, n-BuLi,
MCPBA.
6. Photochemistry :—Photochemical reactions of simple organic compounds, excited and
ground states, singlet and triplet states, Norrish-Type I and Type II reactions.
7. Spectroscopy:
Principle and applications in structure elucidation :
(i) Rotational—Diatomic molecules; isotopic substitution and rotational constants.
(ii) Vibrational—Diatomic molecules, linear triatomic molecules, specific frequencies of
functional groups in polyatomic molecules.
(iii) Electronic—Singlet and triplet states. n®®® and ®®®® transitions; application to
conjugated double bonds and conjugated carbonyls Woodward-Fieser rules; Charge
transfer spectra.
(iv) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1HNMR): Basic principle; chemical shift and spin-spin
interaction and coupling constants.
(v) Mass Spectrometry :—Parent peak, base peak, metastable peak, McLafferty
rearrangement.
CIVIL ENGINEERING
PAPER-I
1. Engineering Mechanics, Strength of Materials and Structural Analysis.
1.1 Engineering Mechanics :
Units and Dimensions, SI Units, Vectors, Concept of Force, Concept of particle and rigid
body. Concurrent, Non- Concurrent and parallel forces in a plane, moment of force free
body diagram, conditions of equilibrium, Principle of virtual work, equivalent force system.
First and Second Moment of area, Mass moment of Inertia.
Static Friction.
Kinematics and Kinetics:
Kinematics in cartesian Co-ordinates, motion under uniform and non-uniform acceleration,
motion under gravity. Kinetics of particle : Momentum and Energy principles, collision of
elastic bodies, rotation of rigid bodies.
1.2 Strength of Materials :
Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic constants, axially loaded compression members, Shear
force and bending moment, theory of simple bending, Shear Stress distribution across
cross sections, Beams of uniform strength.
Deflection of beams: Mecaulay’s method, Mohr’s Moment area method, Conjugate beam
method, unit load method. Torsion of Shafts, Elastic stability of columns, Euler’s, Rankine’s
and Secant formulae.
1.3 Structural Analysis :
Castiglianio’s theorems I and II, unit load method, of consistent deformation applied to
beams and pin jointed trusses. Slope-deflection, moment distribution.
Rolling loads and Influences lines : Influences lines for Shear Force and Bending moment at
a section of a beam. Criteria for maximum shear force and bending Moment in beams
traversed by a system of moving loads. Influences lines for simply supported plane pin
jointed trusses.
Arches : Three hinged, two hinged and fixed arches, rib shortening and temperature effects.
Matrix mehods of analysis : Force method and displacement method of analysis of
indeterminate beams and rigid frames.
Plastic Analysis of beams and frames : Theory of plastic bending, plastic analysis, statical
method, Mechanism method.
Unsymmetrical bending : Moment of inertia, product of inertia, position of Neutral Axis and
Principal axes, calculation of bending stresses.
2. Design of Structures : Steel, Concrete and Masonry Structures.
2.1 Structural Steel Design :
Structural steel : Factors of safety and load factors. Riveted, bolted and welded joints and
connections. Design of tension and compression members, beams of built up section,
riveted and welded plate girders, gantry girders, stancheons with battens and lacings.
2.2 Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures :
Concept of mix design. Reinforced Concrete : Working Stress and Limit State method of
design— Recommendations of I. S. codes. Design of one way and two way slabs, staircase
slabs, simple and continuous beams of rectangular, T and L sections. Compression
members under direct load with or without eccentricity.
Cantilever and Counter fort type retaining walls.
Water tanks : Design requirements for Rectangular and circular tanks resting on ground.
Prestressed Concrete : Methods and systems of prestressing, anchorages, Analysis and
design of sections for flexure based on working stress, loss of prestress. Design of brick
masonry as per I. S. Codes
3. Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow and Hydraulic Machines :
3.1 Fluid Mechanics :
Fluid properties and their role in fluid motion, fluid statics including forces acting on plane
and curve surfaces.
Kinematics and Dynamics of Fluid flow : Velocity and accelerations, stream lines, equation
of continuity, irrotational and rotational flow, velocity potential and stream functions.
Continuity, momentum, energy equation, Navier Stokes equation, Euler’s equation of
motion, application to fluid flow problems, pipe flow, sluice gates, weirs.
3.2 Dimensional Analysis and Similitude: Buckingham’s Pi-theorem, dimensionless
parameters.
3.3 Laminar Flow :
Laminar flow between parallel, stationary and moving plates, flow through tube.
3.4 Boundary layer :
Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate, laminar sub-layer, smooth and rough
boundaries, drag and lift.
Turbulent flow through pipes : Characteristics of turbulent flow, velocity distribution and
variation of pipe friction factor, hydraulic grade line and total energy line.
3.5 Open Channel Flow :
Uniform and non-uniform flows, momentum and energy correction factors, specific energy
and specific force, critical depth, rapidly varied flow, hydraulic jump, gradually varied flow,
classification of surface profiles, control section, step method of integration of varied flow
equation.
3.6 Hydraulic Machines and Hydropower :
Hydraulic turbines, types classification, Choice of turbines performance parameters,
controls, characteristics, specific speed.
Principles of hydropower development.
4. Geotechnical Engineering :
Soil Type and Structure—gradation and particle size distribution—consistency limits.
Water in soil—capillary and structural—effective stress and pore water pressure—
permeability concept—filed and laboratory determination of permeability—Seepage
pressure—quick sand conditions—Shear strength determination—Mohr Coulomb
concept.
Compaction of soil—Laboratory and filed test.
Compressibility and consolidation concept— consolidation theory—consolidation
settlement analysis.
Earth pressure theory and analysis for retaining walls, Application for sheet piles and
Braced excavation.
Bearing capacity of soil—approaches for analysis- Filed
tests—settlement analysis—stability of slope of earth walk.
Subsuface exploration of soils—methods
Foundation—Type and selection criteria for foundation of structures—Design criteria for
foundation—Analysis of distribution of stress for footings and pile—pile group action—pile
load test.
Ground improvement techniques.
PAPER—II
1. Construction Technology, Equipment, Planning and Management
1.1 Construction Technology Engineering Materials :
Physical properties of construction materials with respect to their use in construction—
Stones, Bricks and Tiles; Lime, Cement, different types of Mortars and Concrete.
Specific use of ferro cement, fibre reinforced C. C., High stength concrete.
Timber; Properties defects—common preservation treatments.
Use and selection of materials for specific use like Low Cost Housing, Mass Housing, High
Rise Buildings.
1.2 Construction :
Masonry principles using Brick, stone, Blocks—construction detailing and strength
characteristics.
Types of plastering, pointing, flooring, roofing and construction features.
Common repairs in buildings.
Principle of functional planning of building for residents and specific use—Building code
provisions.
Basic principles of detailed and approximate estimating—specification writing and rate
analysis-principles of valuation of real property.
Machinery for earthwork, concreting and their specific uses—Factors affecting selection of
equipments—operating cost of equipments.
1.3 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT :
Construction activity—schedules—organization for construction industry—Quality
assurance principles.
Use Basic principle of network—analysis in form of CPM and PERT—their use in
construction monitoring, Cost optimization and resource allocation.
Basic principles of Economic analysis and methods.
Project profitability—Basic principles of Boot approach to financial planning-simple toll
fixation criterions.
2. Surveying and Transportation Engineering
2.1 Surveying : Common methods and instruments for distance and angle
measurement for CE work—their use in plane table, traverse survey, levelling
work, triangulation, contouring and topographical map.
Basic principles of photogrammetry and remote sensing.
2.2 Railways Engineering : Permanent way—components, types and their
functionFunctions and Design constituents of turn and crossing— Necessity of
geometric design of track—Design of station and yards.
2.3 Highway Engineering :
Principles of Highway alignments—classification and geometrical design elements and
standards for Roads.
Pavement structure for flexible and rigid pavements—Design principles and methodology
of pavements.
Typical construction methods and standards of materials for stabilized soil, WBM,
Bituminous works and CC roads.
Surface and sub-surface drainge arrangements for roads—culvert structures.
Pavement distresses and strengthening by overlays.
Traffic surveys and their application in traffic planning—Typical design features for
channelized, intersection rotary etc.—signal designs—standard Traffic signs and markings.
3. Hydrology, Water Resources and Engineering :

3.1 Hydrology :
Hydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, infiltration, overland flow,
hydrograph, flood frequency analyses, flood routing through a reservoir, channel flow
routing—Muskingam method.
3.2 Ground Water flow :
Specific yield, storage coefficient, coefficient of permeability, confined and unconfined
aquifers, aquifers, aquitards, radial flow into a well under confined and unconfined
conditions.
3.3 Water Resources Engineering :
Ground and surface water resources, single and multipurpose projects, storage capacity of
reservoirs, reservoir losses, reservoir sedimentation.
3.4 Engineering : Irrigation
(i) Water requirements of crops : consumptive use, duty and delta, irrigation methods and
their efficiencies.
(ii) Canals : Distribution systems for cannal irrigation, canal capacity, canal losses, alignment
of main and distributory canals, most efficient section, lined canals, their design, regime
theory, critical shear stress, bed load.
(iii) Water logging : causes and control, salinity.
(iv) Canal structures : Design of head regulators, canal falls, aqueducts, metering flumes and
canal outlets.
(v) Diversion head work : Principles and design of weirs on permeable and impermeable
foundation, Khosla’s theory, energy dissipation.
(vi) Storage works : Types of dams, design, principles of rigid gravity stability analysis.
(vii) Spillways : Spillway types, energy dissipation.
(viii) River training : Objectives of river training, methods of river training.
4. Environmental Engineering
4.1 Water Supply :
Predicting demand for water, impurities of water and their significance, physical, chemical
and bacteriological analysis, waterborne diseases, standards for potable water.
4.2 Intake of Water :
Water treatment: principles of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation; slow-, rapid-,
pressure-, filters; chlorination, softening, removal of taste, odour and salinity.
4.3 Sewerage Systems :
Domestic and industrial wastes, store sewage—separate and combined systems, flow
through sewers, design of sewers.
4.4 Sewage Characterisation :
BOD, COD, solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and TOC. Standards of disposal in normal
water course and on land.
4.5 Sewage Treatment :
Working principles, units, chambers, sedimentation tank, trickling filters, oxidation ponds,
activated sludge process, septic tank, disposal of sludge, recycling of waste water.
4.6 Solid waste :
Collection and disposal in rural and urban contexts, management of long-term ill-effects.
5. Environmental pollution :
Sustainable development. Radioactive wastes and disposal. Environmental impact
assessment for thermal power plants, mines, river valley projects. Air pollution. Pollution
control acts.
COMMERCE AND ACCOUNTANCY
PAPER-I
Accounting and Finance
Accounting, Taxation & Auditing
1. Financing Accounting :
Accounting as a financial information system; Impact of behavioural sciences. Accounting
Standards e.g., Accounting for Depreciation, Inventories, Research and Development
Costs, Long-term Construction Contracts, Revenue Recognition, Fixed Assets,
Contingencies, Foreign Exchange Transactions, Investments and Government Grants, Cash
Flow Statement, Earnings per Share.
Accounting for Share Capital Transactions including Bonus Shares, Right Shares.
Emplyees Stock Option and Buy-Back of Securities.
Preparation and Presentation of Company Final Accounts.
Amalgamations, Absorption and Reconstruction of Companies.
2. Cost Accounting :
Nature and functions of cost accounting. Installation of Cost Accounting System. Cost Concepts
related to Income Measurement, Profit Planning, Cost Control and Decision Making.
Methods of Costing: Job Costing, Process Costing, Activity Based Costing.
Volume-cost-Profit Relationship as a tool of Profit Planning.
Incremental Analysis/Differential Costing as a Tool of Pricing Decisions, Product Decisions,
Make or Buy Decisions, Shut-Down Decisions etc.
Techniques of Cost Control and Cost Reduction : Budgeting as a Tool of Planning and
Control. Standard Costing and Variance Analysis.
Responsibility Accounting and Divisional Performance Measurement.
3. Taxation :
Income Tax: Definitions. Basis of charge; Incomes which do not form part of total income.
Simple problems of Computation of Income (of individuals only) under various heads, i.e.,
Salaries, Income from House Property, Profits and Gains from Business or Profession,
Capital Gains, Income from other sources, Income of other Persons included in Assessee’s
Total Income.
Set-off and Carry forward of Loss.
Deductions from Gross Total Income.
Salient Features/Provisions Related to VAT and Services Tax.
4. Auditing :
Company Audit: Audit related to Divisible Profits, Dividends, Special investigations, Tax
audit.
Audit of Banking, Insurance, Non-Profit Organization and Charitable
Societies/Trusts/Organizations.
Financial Management, Financial Institutions and Markets

1. Financial Management :
Finance Function : Nature, Scope and Objectives of Financial Management : Risk and Return
Relationship.
Tools of Financial Analysis: Ratio Analysis, Funds-Flow and Cash-Flow Statement.
Capital Budgeting Decisions: Process, Procedures and Appraisal Methods. Risk and
Uncertainty Anlysis and Methods.
Cost of Capital : Concept, Computation of Specific Costs and Weighted Average Cost of
Capital. CAPM as aTool of Determining Cost of Equity Capital.
Financing Decisions: Theories of Capital Structure—Net Income (NI) Approach.
Net Operating Income (NOI) Approach, MM Approach and Traditional Approach. Designing
of Capital structure: Types of Leverages (Operating, Financial and Combined), EBIT-EPS
Analysis, and other Factors.
Dividend Decisions and Valuation of Firm : Walter’s Model, MM Thesis, Gordan’s Model
Lintner’s Model. Factors Affecting Dividend Policy.
Working Capital Management: Planning of Working Capital. Determinants of Working
Capital. Components of Working Capital—Cash, Inventory and Receivables.
Corporate Restructuring with focus on Mergers and Acquisitions (Financial aspect only).
2. Financial Markets and Institutions :
Indian Financial System: An Overview
Money Markets: Participants, Structure and Instruments. Commercial Banks. Reforms in
Banking Sector. Monetary and Credit Policy of RBI. RBI as a Regulator.
Capital Market : Primary and Secondary Market. Financial Market Instruments and
Innovative Debt Instruments; SEBI as a Regulator.
Financial Services : Mutual Funds, Venture Capital, Credit Rating Agencies, Insurance and
IRDA.
PAPER-II
Organisation Theory and Behaviours, Human Resource Management and Industrial
Relations
Organisation Theory and Behaviour
1. Organisation Theory :
Nature and Concept of Organisation; External Environment of Organisation—
Technological, Social, Political, Ecomomical and Legal; Organizational Goals Primary and
Secondary Goals, Single and Multiple Goals; Management by Objectives. Evolution of
Organisation theory : Classical Neo-classical and system approach.
Modern Concepts of Organisation Theory : Organisational Design, Organisational Structure
and Organisational Culture.
Organisational Design—Basic Challenges; Differentiation and Intergration Process;
Centralization and Decentralization Process; Standardization/Formalization and Mutual
Adjustment. Coordinating Formal and Informal Organizations. Mechanistic and Organic
Structures.
Designing Organizational structures—Authority and Control; Line and Staff Functions,
Specialization and Coordination. Types of Organization Structure—Functional. Matrix
Structure, Project Structure. Nature and Basis of Power, Sources of Power, Power Structure
and Politics. Impact of Information Technology on Organizational Design and Structure.
Managing Organizational Culture.
2. Organisation Behaviour :
Meaning and Concept; Individual in organization: Personality, Theories, and Determinants;
Pereception Meaning and Process.
Motivation : Concepts, Theories and Applications. Leadership—Theories and Styles. Quality
of Work Life (QWL): Meaning and its impact on Performance, Ways of its
Enhancement. Quality Circles (QC)—Meaning and their Importance. Management of
Conflicts in Organizations. Transactional Analysis, Organizational Effectiveness,
Management of Change.
Human Resources Management and Industrial Relations
1. Human Resources Management (HRM) :
Meaning Nature and Scope of HRM, Human Resource Planning, Job Analysis, Job
Description, Job Specification, Recruitment Process, Selection Process, Orientational and
Placement, Training and Development Process, Performance Appraisal and 360° Feed Back,
Salary and Wage Administration, Job Evaluation, Employee Welfare, Promotions, Transfers
and Separations.
2. Industrial Relations (IR) :
Meaning, Nature, Importance and Scope of IR, Formation of Trade Union, Trade Union
Legislation, Trade Union Movement in India. Recognition of Trade Unions, Problems of
Trade Unions in India. Impact of Liberalization on Trade Union Movement.
Nature of Industrial Disputes: Strikes and Lockouts, Causes of Disputes, Prevention and
Settlement of Disputes.
Worker’s Participation in Management: Philosophy, Rationale, Present Day Status and
Future Prospects.
Adjudication and Collective Bargaining.
Industrial Relations in Public Enterprises Absenteeism and Labour Turnover in Indian
Industries and their Causes and Remedies.
ILO and its Functions.
ECONOMICS
PAPER— I
1. Advanced Micro Economics :

(a) Marshallian and Varrasiam Approaches to Price determination.
(b) Alternative Distribution Theories; Ricardo, Kaldor, Kaleeki.
(c) Markets Structure : Monopolistic Competition, Duopoly, Oligopoly.
(d) Modern Welfare Criteria : Pareto Hicks and Scitovsky, Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem, A. K.
Sen’s Social Welfare Function.
2. Advance Macro Economics :
Approaches to Employment Income and Interest Rate determination : Classical, Keynes (IS)-
LM) curve, Neo-classical synthesis and New classical, Theories of Interest Rate determination
and Interest Rate Structure.
3. Money-Banking and Finance :
(a) Demand for and Supply of Money : Money Multiplier Quantity Theory of Money (Fisher,
Pique and Friedman) and Keyne’s Theory on Demand for Money, Goals and Instruments of
Monetary Management in Closed and Open Economies. Relation between the Central Bank
and the Treasury. Proposal for ceiling on growth rate of money.
(b) Public Finance and its Role in market Economy : In stabilisation of supply, allocative, of
resources and in distribution and development. Sources of Government revenue, forms of
Taxes and Subsidies, their incidence and effects. Limits to taxation, loans, crowding-out
effects and limits to borrowings. Public expenditure and its effects.
4. International Economics :
(a) Old and New theories of International Trade.
(i) Comparative advantage,
(ii) Terms of Trade and Offer Curve.
(iii) Product Cycle and Strategic Trade Theories.
(iv) Trade as an engine of growth and theories of underdevelopment in an open economy.
(b) Forms of Protection : Tariff and quota.
(c) Balance of Payments Adjustment : Alternative Approaches.
(i) Price versus income, income adjustments under fixed exchange rates.
(ii) Theories of Policy Mix.
(iii) Exchange rate adjustments under capital mobility.
(iv) Floating Rates and their Implications for Developing Countries : Currency Boards.
(v) Trade Policy and Developing Countries.
(vi) BOP, adjustments and Policy Coordination in open economy macromodel.
(vii) Speculative attacks.
(viii) Trade Blocks and Monetary Unions.
(ix) WTO : TRIMS, TRIPS, Domestic Measures, Different Rounds of WTO talks.
5. Growth and Development :
(a) (i) Theories of growth : Harrod’s model;
(ii) Lewis model of development with surplus labour.
(iii) Balanced Unbalanced Growth.
(iv) Human Capitals and Economic Growth.
(v) Research and Development and Economic Growth.
(b) Process of Economic Development of less developed courtries : Myrdal and Kuzments on
economic development and structural change : Role of Agriculture in Economic Development of
less developed countries.
(c) Economic Development and International Trade and Investment, Role of Multinationals.
(d) Planning and Economic Development : changing role of Markets and Planning, Private-Public
Partnership.
(e) Welfare indicators and measures of growth—Human Development Indices. The basic needs
approach.
(f) Development and Environmental Sustainability—Renewable and Non-renewable Resources,
Environmental Degradation, Intergenerational equity development.
PAPER-II
Indian Economy in Pre-Independence Era :
Land System and its changes, Commercialization of agriculture Drain theory, Laissez faire theory
and critique. Manufacture and Transport : Jute, Cotton, Railways, Money and Credit.
Indian Economy after Independence :
A. The Pre-Liberalization Era :
(i) Contribution of Vakil, Gadgil and V.K.R.V. Rao.
(ii) Agricultrure : Land Reforms and land tenure system, Green Revolution and capital formation
in agriculture.
(iii) Industry Trends in composition and growth, Role of public and private sector, small scale and
cottage industries.
(iv) National and Per capita income : Patterns, trends, aggregate and sectoral composition and
changes therein.
(v) Broad factors determining National Income and distribution, Measures of poverty, Trends in
povertyandinequality.
B.The Post-Liberalization Era :

(i) New Economic Reform and Agriculture : Agriculture and WTO, Food processing, subsidies,
Agricultural prices and public distribution system, Impact of public expenditure on
agricultural growth.
(ii) New Economic Policy and Industry : Strategy of industrialization, Privatization,
Disinvestments, Role of foreign direct investment and multinationals.
(iii) New Economic Policy and Trade : Intellectual property rights : Implications of TRIPS, TRIMS,
GATS and new EXIM policy.
(iv) New Exchange Rate Regime : Partial and full convertibility, Capital account convertibility.
(v) New Economic Policy and Public Finance : Fiscal Responsibility Act, Twelfth Finance
Commission and Fiscal Federalism and Fiscal Consolidation.
(vi) New Economic Policy and Monetary System. Role of RBI under the new regime.
(vii) Planning : From central Planning to indivative planning, Relation between planning and
markets for growth and decentralized planning : 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments.
(viii) New Economic Policy and Employment : Employment and poverty, Rural wages,
Employment Generation, Poverty alleviation schemes, New Rural, Employment Guarantee
Scheme.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
PAPER-I
1. Circuits—Theory :
Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; Circuit analysis methods : nodal analysis, mesh
analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits;
sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits; coupled circuits; balanced 3-phase circuits. Two-
port networks.
2. Signals and Systems :
Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals and systems; LTI systems;
convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and
differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer
function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals through discrete-
time systems.
3. E.M. Theory :
Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions, reflection and
refraction of plane waves. Transmission lines : travelling and standing waves, impedance matching,
Smith chart.
4. Analog Electronics :
Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET.
Diode circuits : Clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability. FET amplifiers. Current
mirror; Amplifiers : single and multi-stage, differential, operational feedback and power. Analysis of
amplifiers; frequency-response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators :
criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and
wave-shaping circuits. Linear and switching power supplies.
5. Digital Electronics :
Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL,
MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and
decoders. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators,
timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic
implementation using programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).
6. Energy Conversion :
Principles of electromechanical energy conversion : Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC
machines : characteristics and performance analysis; starting and speed control of motors.
Transformers : principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-
phase induction machines and synchronous machines : characteristics and performance analysis;
speed control.
7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives :
Semi-conductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET-static
characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge
converters : fully-controlled and half-controlled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; DC-
DC converters; Switch mode inverter; basic concepts of speed control of dc and ac motor drives
applications of variable-speed drives.
8. Analog Communication :
Random variables : continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions. Statistical averages;
probability models; Random signals and noise : white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal
transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio. Linear CW modulation : Amplitude modulation :
DSB, DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation : PM & FM
signals; narrows band FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Preemphasis. CW
modulation system : Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM
receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio calculation or AM and FM receivers.
PAPER II
1. Control Systems :
Elements of control systems; block-diagram representations; open-loop & closed-loop systems;
principles and applications of feed-back. Control system components. LTI systems : time-domain
and transform-domain analysis. Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Bode-plots and polor
plots, Nyquist’s criterion; Design of lead-lad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State-
variable representation and analysis of control systems.
2. Microprocessors and Microcomputers :
PC organisation; CPU, instruction set, register settiming diagram, programming, interrupts, memory
interfacing, I/O interfacing, programmable peripheral devices.
3. Measurement and Instrumentation :
Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance,
inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurements. Signal conditioning circuit;
Electronic measuring instruments : multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Qmeter,
spectrum-analyser, distoration-meter. Transducers : thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guage,
piezo-electric crystal.
4. Power Systems: Analysis and Control :
Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and
reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance
matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical
components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Concepts of system stability : swing
curves and equal area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission.
5. Power System Protection :
Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit
brakers. Computer aided protection : introduction; line, bus, generator, transformer protection;
numeric relays and application of DSP to protection.
6. Digital Communication :
Pulse code modulation (PCM), defferential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM),
Digital modulation and demodulation schemes : amplitude, phase and frequency keying schemes
(ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control coding : error detection and correction, linear block codes,
convolation codes. Information measure and source coding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture.
GEOGRAPHY
PAPER I PRINCIPLE OF GEOGRAPHY
Physical Geography :
1. Geomorphology : Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic
forces; Origin and evolution of the earth’s crusts; Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical
conditions of the earth’s interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift; Isostasy; Plate tectonics;
Recent views on mountain building; Volcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of
geomorphic cycles and Land scape development; Denudation chronology; Channel
morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development; Applied Geomorphology; Geomorphology,
economic geology and environment.
2. Climatology : Temperature and pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of the earth;
Atmospheric circulation; Atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds;
Monsoons and jet streams; Air masses and fronto; Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types
and distribution of precipitation; Weather and Climate; Koppen’s Thornthwaite’s and Trewar
Tha’s classification of world climate; Hydrological cycle; Global climatic change, and role and
response of man in climatic changes Applied climatology and Urban climate.
3. Oceanography : Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; Temperature
and salinity of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits; Waves, currents and tides;
Marine resources; biotic, mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs coral bleaching; Sea-level
changes; Law of the sea and marine pollution.
4. Biogeography : Genesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils; Soil profile; Soil
erosion, Degrada-tion and conservation; Factors influencing world distribution of plants and
animals; Problems of deforestation and conservation measures; Social forestry, agroforestry;
Wild life; Major gene pool centres.
5. Environmental Geography : Principle ecology; Human ecological adaptations; Influence of
man on ecology and environment; Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances;
Ecosystem their management and conservation; Environmental degradation, management
and conservation; Biodiversity and sustainable development; Environmental policy;
Environmental hazards and remedial measures; Environmental education and legislation.
Human Geography :
1. Perspectives in Human Geography : Areal differentiation; Regional synthesis;
Dichotomy and dualism; Environmentalism; Quantitative revolution and locational analysis;
Radical, behavioural, human and welfare approaches; Languages, religions and secularisation;
Cultural regions of the world; Human development indix.
2. Economic Geography : World economic development: measurement and problems; World
resources and their distribution; Energy crisis; the limits to growth; World agriculture:
typology of agricultural regions; Agricultural inputs and productivity; Food and nutritions
problems; Food security; famine: causes, effects and remedies; World industries: location
patterns and problems; Patterns of world trade.
3. Population and Settlement Geography : Growth and distribution of world population;
Demographic attributes; Causes and consequences of migration; Concepts of overunder-and
optimum population; Population theories, world population problems and policies, Social
well-being and quality of life; Population as social capital.
Types and patterns of rural settlements; Environmental issues in rural settlements;
Hierarchy of urban settlements; Urban morphology; Concept of primate city and rank-size
rule; Functional classification of towns; Sphere of urban influence; Rural-urban fringe;
Satellite towns; Problems and remedies of urbanization; Sustainable development of cities.
4. Regional Planning : Concept of a region; Types of regions and methods of regionalisation;
Growth centres and growth poles; Regional imbalances; Regional development strategies;
Environmental issues in regional planning; Planning for sustainable development.
5. Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography : System analysis in Human geography;
Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition models; Central Place theories of
Christaller and Losch; Perroux and Boudeville; Von Thunen’s model of agricultural location;
Weber’s model of industrial location; Ostov’s model of stages of growth. Heart-land and
Rimland theories; Laws of international boundaries and frontiers.
PAPER II
GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
1. Physical Setting : Space relationship of India with neighbouring countries; Structure and
relief; Drainage system and watersheds; Physiographic regions; Mechanism of Indian
monsoons and rainfall patterns; Tropical cyclones and western disturbances; Floods and
droughts; Climatic regions; Natural vegetation, Soil types and their distributions.
2. Resources : Land, surface and ground water, energy, minerals, biotic and marine resources,
Forest and wild life resources and their conservation; Energy crisis.
3. Agriculture : Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power; Institutional factors; land
holdings, land tenure and land reforms; Cropping pattern, agricultural productivity,
agricultural intensity, crop combination, land capability; Agro and social-forestry; Green
revolution and its socio-economic and ecological implications; Significance of dry farming;
Livestock resources and white revolution; Aqua-culture; Sericulture, Agriculture and
poultry; Agricultural regionalisation; Agro-climatic zones; Agro-ecological regions.
4. Industry : Evolution of industries; Locational factors of cotton, jute, textile, iron and steel,
aluminium, fertiliser, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, automobile, cottage and
agobased industries; Industrial houses and complexes including public sector underkings;
Industrial regionalisation; New industrial policy; Multinationals and liberalisation; Special
Economic Zones; Tourism including ecotourism.
5. Transport, Communication and Trade : Road, railway, waterway, airway and pipeline net
works and their complementary roles in regional development; Growing importance of
ports on national and foreign trade; Trade balance; Trade Policy;Export processing zones;
Developments in communication and information technology and their impacts on economy
and society; Indian space programme.
6. Cultural Setting : Historical Perspective of Indian Society; Racial linguistic and ethnic
diversities; religious minorities; Major tribes, tribal areas and their problems; Cultural
regions; Growth, distribution and density of population; Demographic attributes: sexratio,
age structure, literacy rate, work-force, dependency ratio, longevity; migration (inter-
regional, interaregional and international) and associated problems; Population problems
and policies; Health indicators.
7. Settlements : Types, patterns and morphology of rural settlements; Urban developments;
Morphology of Indian cities; Functional classification of Indian cities; Conurbations and
metropolitan regions; Urban sprawl; Slums and asssociated problems; Town planning;
Problems of urbanisation and remedies.
8. Regional Development and Planning: Experience of regional planning in India; Five Year
Plans; Integrated rural development programmes; Panchayati Raj and decentralised
planning; Command area development; Watershed management; Planning for backward
area, desert, drought-prone, hill tribal area development; Multi-level planning; Regional
planning and development of island territories.
9. Political Aspects : Geographical basis of Indian federalism; State reorganisation;
Emergence of new states; Regional consciousness and inter-state issues; International
boundary of India and related issues; Cross-border terrorism; India’s role in world affairs;
Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean realm.
10. Contemporary Issues : Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: landslides, earthquakes,
Tsunamis, floods and droughts, epidemics; Issues related to environmental pollution;
Changes in patterns of land use; Principles of environmental impact assessment and
environmental management; Population explosion and food security; Environmental
degradation; Deforestation, desertification and soil erosion; Problems of agrarian and
industrial unrest; Regional disparities in economic development; Concept of sustainable
growth and development; Environmental awareness; Linkage of rivers; Globalisation and
Indian economy.
NOTE : Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question pertinent to
subjects covered by this paper.
GEOLOGY
PAPER I
1. General Geology :
The Solar System, meteorites, origin and interior of the earth and age of earth; Volcanoes— causes
and products, Volcanic belts. Earthquakes—causes, effects, seismic of zone of India; Island arcs,
trenches and mid-ocean ridges; Continental drift; Seafloor spreading, plate tectonics. Isostasy.
2. Geomorphology and Remote Sensing :
Basic concepts of geomorphology. Weathering and soil formations; Landforms, slopes and drainage.
Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation. Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology;
Coastal geomorphology; Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering;
hydrology and environmental studies; Geomorphology of Indian sub-continent.
Aerial photographs and their interpretation—merits and limitations; The Electromagnetic
spectrum. Orbiting
Satellites and Sensor Systems. Indian Remote Sensing Satellites. Satellite data products;
Applications of remote sensing in geology; The Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global
Positioning System (GPS)—its applications.
3. Structural Geology :
Principles of geologic mapping and map reading, projection diagrams, Stress and strain ellipsoid
and stress-strain relationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials; Strain markers in deformed
rocks. Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions. Folds and faults classification
and mechanics; Structural analysis of folds, foliations, lineations, joints and faults, unconformities;
Time-relationship between crystallization and deformation.
4. Paleontology :
Species—definition and nomenclature; Megafossils and Microfossils. Modes of preservation of
fossils; Different kinds of microfossils; Application of microfossils in correlation, petroleum
exploration, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies; Evolutionary trend in Hominidae,
Equidae and Proboscidae. Siwalik fauna.
Gondwana flora and fauna and its importance; Index fossils and their significance.
5. Indian Stratigraphy :
Classification of stratigraphic sequences: lithostrati-graphic, biostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic
and magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships; Distribution and classification of
Precambrian rocks of India; Study of stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of
India with reference to fauna, flora and economic importance. Major boundary problems—
Cambrian/ Precambrian, Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary and Pliocene/Pleistocene; Study of
climatic conditions, paleogeography and igneous activity in the Indian sub-continent in the
geological past. Tectonic framework of India. Evolution of the Himalayas.
6. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology :
Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water; Movement of subsurface water; Springs;
Porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient, classification
of aquifers; Water-bearing characteristics of rocks; Groundwater chemistry. Salt water intrusion.
Types of wells. Drainage basin morphometry; Exploration for groundwater; Groundwater recharge;
Problems and management of groundwater; Rainwater harvesting; Engineering properties of rocks;
Geological investigations for dams, tunnels highways, railway and bridges; Rock as construction
material; Landslides causes, prevention and rehabilitation; Earthquake-resistant structures.
PAPER II
1. Mineralogy :
Classification of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry; International system of
crystallographic notation; Use of projection diagrams to represent crystal symmetry; Elements of X-
ray crystallography.
Physical and chemical characters of rock forming silicate mineral groups; Structural classification of
silicates; Common minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks; Minerals of the carbonate,
phosphate, sulphide and halide groups; Clay minerals.
Optical properties of common rock forming minerals; Pleochroism, extinction angle, double
refraction, birefringence, twinning and dispersion in minerals.
2. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology :
Generation and crystallisation of magmas. Crystallisation of albite—anorthite, diopside— anorthite
and diopside—wollastonite—silica systems. Bowen's Reaction Principle; Magmatic differentiation
and assimilation. Petrogenetic significance of the textures and structures of igneous rocks.
Petrography and petrogenesis of granite, syenite, diorite, basic and ultrabasic groups, charnockite,
anorthosite and alkaline rocks. Carbonatites. Deccan volcanic province.
Types and agents of metamorphism. Metamorphic grades and zones; Phase rule. Facies of regional
and contact metamorphism; ACF and AKF diagrams; Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks.
Metamorphism of arenaceous, argillaceous and basic rocks; Minerals assemblages. Retrograde
metamorphism; Metasomatism and granitisation, migmatites. Granulite terrains of India.
3. Sedimenary Petrology :
Sedimentas and Sedimentary rocks: Processes of formation; digenesis and lithification; Clastic and
non-clastic rocks-their classification, petrography and depositional environment; Sedimentary
facies and provenance. Sedimentary structures and their significance. Heavy minerals and their
significance. Sedimentary basins of India.
4. Economic Geology :
Ore, ore mineral and gangue, tenor of ore. Classification of ore deposits; Processes of formation of
mineral deposits; Controls of ore localisation; Ore texures and structures; Metallogenic epochs and
provinces; Geology of the important Indian deposits of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, iron,
lead, zinc, manganese, titanium, uranium and thorium and industrial minerals; Deposits of coal and
petroleum in India, National Mineral Policy; Conservation and utilization of mineral resources.
Marine mineral resources and Law of Sea.
5. Mining Geology :
Methods of prospecting—geological, geophysical, geochemical and geobotanical; Techniques of
sampling. Estimation of reserves of ore; Methods of exploration and mining-metallic ores, industrial
minerals, marine mineral resources and building stones. Mineral beneficiation and ore dressing.
6. Geochemistry and Environmental Geology :
Cosmic abundance of elements. Composition of the planets and meteorites. Structure and
composition of earth and distribution of elements. Trace elements. Elements of crystal chemistry-
types of chemical bonds, coordination number. Isomorphism and polymorphism. Elementary
thermodynamics.
Natural hazards—floods, mass wasting, costal hazards, earthquakes and volcanic activity and
mitigation; Environmental impact of urbanization, mining, industrial and radioactive waste
disposal, use of fertilizers, dumping of mine waste and fly-ash. Pollution of ground and surface
water, marine pollution. Environment protection—legislative measures in India; Sea level changes:
causes and impact.
HISTORY
PAPER I
1. Sources
Archaeological sources :
Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics, monuments.
Literary sources:
Indigenous: Primary and secondary; poetry, scientific literature, literature, literature in regional
languages, religious literature.
Foreign account: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers.
2. Pre-history and Proto-history :
Geographical factors; hunting and gathering (paleolithic and mesolithic); Beginning of agriculture
(neolithic and chalcolithic).
3. Indus Valley Civilization :
Origin, date, extent, characteristics-decline, survival and significance, art and architecture.
4. Megalithic Cultures :
Distribution of pastoral and farming cultures outside the Indus, Development of community life,
Settlements, Development of agriculture, Crafts, Pottery, and Iron industry.
5. Aryans and Vedic Period :
Expansions of Aryans in India :
Vedic Period: Religious and philosophic literature; Transformation from Rig Vedic period to the
later Vedic period; Political, social and economical life; Significance of the Vedic Age; Evolution of
Monarchy and Varna system.
6. Period of Mahajanapadas :
Formation of States (Mahajanapada): Republics and monarchies; Rise of urban centres; Trade
routes; Economic growth; Introduction of coinage; Spread of Jainism and Buddism; Rise of Magadha
and Nandas.
Iranian and Mecedonian invasions and their impact.
7. Mauryan Empire :
Foundation of the Mauryan Empire, Chandragupta, Kautilya and Arthashastra; Ashoka; Concept of
Dharma; Edicts; Polity, Administration, Economy; Art, architecture and sculpture; External contacts;
Religion; Spread of religion; Literature.
Disintegration of the empire; sungas and Kanvas.
8. Post-Mauryan Period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas, Western Kshatrapas) :
Contact with outside world; growth of urban centres, economy, coinage, development of religions,
Mahayana, social conditions, art, architecture, culture, literature and science.
9. Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India:
Kharavela, The Satavahanas, Tamil States of the Sangam Age; Administration, Economy, land grants,
coinage, trade guilds and urban centres; Buddhist centres; Sangam literature and culture; Art and
architecture.
10. Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas:
Polity and administration, Economic conditions, Coinage of the Guptas, Land grants, Decline of
urban centres, Indian feudalism, Caste system, Position of women, Education and educational
institutions; Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi, Literature, scientific literature, art and architecture.
11. Regional States during Gupta Era:
The Kadambas, Pallavas, Chalukyas of Badami; Polity and Administration, Trade guilds, Literature;
growth of Vaishnava and Saiva religions. Tamil Bhakit movement, Shankaracharya;
Vedanta; Institutions of temple and temple architecture; Palas, Senas, Rashtrakutas, Paramaras,
Polity and administration; Cultural aspects. Arab conquest of Sind; Alberuni, The Chaluky as of
Kalyana, Cholas, Hoysalas, Pandyas; Polity and Administration; Local Government; Growth of art
and architecture, religious sects, Institution of temple and Mathas, Agraharas, education and
literature, economy and society.
12. Themes in Early Indian Cultural History:
Languages and texts, major stages in the evolution of art and architecture, major philosophical
thinkers and schools, ideas in Science and Mathematics.
13. Early Medieval India, 750-1200:
—Polity: Major political developments in Northern India and the peninsula, origin and the rise of
Rajputs.
— The Cholas: administration, village economy and society “Indian Feudalism”.
— Agrarian economy and urban settlements.
— Trade and commerce.
— Society: the status of the Brahman and the new social order.
— Condition of women.
— Indian science and technology.
14. Cultural Traditions in India, 750-1200:
—Philosophy: Skankaracharya and Vedanta, Ramanuja and Vishishtadvaita, Madhva and Brahma-
Mimansa.
—Religion: Forms and features of religion, Tamil devotional cult, growth of Bhakti, Islam and its
arrival in India, Sufism.
—Literature: Literature in Sanskrit, growth of Tamil literature, literature in the newly developing
languages, Kalhan's Rajtarangini, Alberuni's India.
— Art and Architecture: Temple architecture, sculpture, painting.
15. The Thirteenth Century:
—Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate: The Ghurian invasions - factors behind Ghurian success.
— Economic, Social and cultural consequences.
— Foundation of Delhi Sultanate and early Turkish Sultans.
— Consolidation: The rule of Iltutmish and Balban.
16. The Fourteenth Century:
— “The Khalji Revolution”.
— Alauddin Khalji: Conquests and territorial expansion, agrarian and economic measure.
—Muhammad Tughluq: Major projects, agrarian measures, bureaucracy of Muhammad Tughluq.
—Firuz Tugluq: Agrarian measures, achievements in civil engineering and public works, decline of
the Sultanate, foreign contacts and Ibn Battuta's account.
17.Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries:
—Society: composition of rural society, ruling classes, town dwellers, women, religious classes,
caste and slavery under the Sultanate, Bhakti movement, Sufi movement.
—Culture: Persian literature, literature in the regional languages of North India, literaute in the
languages of South India, Sultanate architecture and new structural forms, painting, evolution of
a composite culture.
—Economy: Agricultural Production, rise of urban economy and non-agricultural production,
trade and commerce.
18. The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century-Political Developments and Economy:
— Rise of Provincial Dynasties : Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul Abedin), Gujarat.
— Malwa, Bahmanids.
— The Vijayanagara Empire.
— Lodis.
— Mughal Empire, first phase : Babur, Humayun.
— The Sur Empire : Sher Shah’s administration.
— Portuguese colonial enterprise, Bhakti and Sufi Movements.
19. The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century- Society and culture:
— Regional cultures specificities.
— Literary traditions.
— Provincial architectural.
— Society, culture, literature and the arts in Vijayanagara Empire.
20. Akbar:
— Conquests and consolidation of empire.
— Establishment of jagir and mansab systems.
— Rajput policy.
— Evolution of religious and social outlook. Theory of Sulh-i-kul and religious policy.
— Court patronage of art and technology.
21. Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century:
— Major administrative policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb.
— The Empire and the Zamindars.
— Religious policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb.
— Nature of the Mughal State.
— Late Seventeenth Century crisis and the revolts.
— The Ahom kingdom.
— Shivaji and the early Maratha Kingdom.
22. Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries:
— Population Agricultural and craft production.
— Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English and French companies : a trade
revolution.
— Indian mercantile classes. Banking, insurance and credit systems.
— Conditions of peasants, Condition of Women.
— Evolution of the Sikh community and the Khalsa Panth.
23. Culture during Mughal Empire:
— Persian histories and other literature.
— Hindi and religious literatures.
— Mughal architecture.
— Mughal painting.
— Provincial architecture and painting.
— Classical music.
— Science and technology.
24. The Eighteenth Century:
— Factors for the decline of the Mughal Empire.
— The regional principalities: Nizam’s Deccan, Bengal, Awadh.
— Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas.
— The Maratha fiscal and financial system.
— Emergence of Afghan power Battle of Panipat, 1761.
— State of, political, cultural and economic, on eve of the British conquest.
PAPER-II
1. European Penetration into India:
The Early European Settlements; The Portuguese and the Dutch; The English and the French
East India Companies; Their struggle for supremacy; Carnatic Wars; Bengal-The conflict
between the English and the Nawabs of Bengal; Siraj and the English; The Battle of Plassey;
Significance of Plassey.
2. British Expansion in India:
Bengal-Mir Jafar and Mir Kasim; The Battle of Buxar; Mysore; The Marathas; The three Anglo-
Maratha Wars; The Punjab.
3. Early Structure of the British Raj:
The Early administrative structure; From diarchy to direct contol; The Regulating Act (1773);
The Pitt's India Act (1784); The Charter Act (1833); The Voice of free trade and the changing
character of British colonial rule; The English utilitarian and India.
4. Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule:
(a) Land revenue settlements in British India; The Permanent Settlement; Ryotwari Settlement;
Mahalwari Settlement; Economic impact of the revenue arrangements; Commercialization of
agriculture; Rise of landless agrarian labourers; Impoverishment of the rural society.
(b) Dislocation of traditional trade and commerce; De-industrialisation; Decline of traditional crafts;
Drain of wealth; Economic transformation of India; Railroad and communication network
including telegraph and postal services; Famine and poverty in the rural interior; European
business enterprise and its limitations.
5. Social and Cultural Developments:
The state of indigenous education, its dislocation; Orientalist-Anglicist controversy, The
introduction of western education in India; The rise of press, literature and public opinion; The
rise of modern vernacular literature; Progress of Science; Christian missionary activities in
India.
6. Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas:
Ram Mohan Roy, The Brahmo Movement; Devendranath Tagore; Iswarchandra Vidyasagar; The
Young Bengal Movement; Dayanada Saraswati; The social reform movements in India including
Sati, widow remarriage, child marriage etc.; The contribution of Indian renaissance to the
growth of modern India; Islamic revivalism-the Feraizi and Wahabi Movements.
7. Indian Response to British Rule:
Peasant movement and tribal uprisings in the 18th and 19th centuries including the Rangpur
Dhing (1783), the Kol Rebellion (1832), the Mopla Rebellion in Malabar (1841-1920), the Santal
Hul (1855), Indigo Rebellion (1859-60), Deccan Uprising (1875) and the Munda Ulgulan (1899-
1900); The Great Revolt of 1857 —Origin, character, casuses of failure, the consequences; The
shift in the character of peasant uprisings in the post-1857 period; the peasant movements of
the 1920s and 1930s.
8. Factors leading to the birth of Indian Nationalism; Politics of Association; The Foundation of
the Indian National Congress; The Safety-valve thesis relating to the birth of the Congress;
Programme and objectives of Early Congress; the social composition of early Congress
leadership; the Moderates and Extremists; The Partition of Bengal (1905); The Swadeshi
Movement in Bengal; the economic and political aspects of Swadeshi Movement; The beginning
of revolutionary extremism in India.
9. Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhi's popular appeal; Rowlatt
Satyagraha; the Khilafat Movement; the Non-cooperation Movement; National politics from the
end of the Non-cooperation movement to the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement;
the two phases of the Civil Disobedience Movement; Simon Commission; The
Nehru Report; the Round Table Conferences; Nationalism and the Peasant Movements;
Nationalism and Working class movements; Women and Indian youth and students in Indian
politics (1885-1947); the election of 1937 and the formation of ministries; Cripps Mission; the
Quit India Movement; the Wavell Plan; The Cabinet Mission.
10. Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935.
11. Other strands in the National Movement.
The Revolutionaries: Bengal, the Punjab, Maharashtra, U.P. the Madras Presidency, Outside
India.
The Left; The Left within the Congress: Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, the Congress
Socialist Party; the Communist Party of India, other left parties.
12. Politics of Separatism; the Muslim League; the Hindu Mahasabha; Communalism and the
politics of partition; Transfer of power; Independence.
13. Consolidation as a Nation; Nehru's Foreign Policy; India and her neighbours (1947-1964); The
linguistic reorganisation of States (1935-1947); Regionalism and regional inequality;
Integration of Princely States; Princes in electoral politics; the Question of National Language.
14. Caste and Ethnicity after 1947; Backward Castes and Tribes in post-colonial electoral politics;
Dalit movements.
15. Economic development and political change; Land reforms; the politics of planning and rural
reconstruction; Ecology and environmental policy in post-colonial India; Progress of Science.
16. Enlightenment and Modern ideas:
(i) Major Ideas of Enlightenment : Kant, Rousseau.
(ii) Spread of Enlightenment in the colonies.
(iii) Rise of socialist ideas (up to Marx); spread of Marxian Socialism.
17. Origins of Modern Politics :
(i) European States System.
(ii) American Revolution and the Constitution.
(iii) French Revolution and Aftermath, 1789-1815.
(iv) American Civil War with reference to Abraham Lincoln and the abolition of slavery.
(v) British Democratic politics, 1815-1850 : Parliamentary Reformers, Free Traders, Chartists.
18. Industrialization :
(i) English Industrial Revolution : Causes and Impact on Society.
(ii) Industrialization in other countries : USA, Germany, Russia, Japan.
(iii) Industrialization and Globalization.
19. Nation-State System :
(i) Rise of Nationalism in 19th century.
(ii) Nationalism : State-building in Germany and Italy.
(iii) Disintegration of Empires in the face of the emergence of nationalities across the World.
20. Imperialism and Colonialism :
(i) South and South-East Asia.
(ii) Latin America and South Africa.
(iii) Australia.
(iv) Imperialism and free trade: Rise of neo-imperialism.
21. Revolution and Counter-Revolution :
(i) 19th Century European revolutions.
(ii) The Russian Revolution of 1917-1921.
(iii) Fascist Counter-Revolution, Italy and Germany.
(iv) The Chinese Revolution of 1949.
22. World Wars :
(i) 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars : Societal implications.
(ii) World War I : Causes and Consequences.
(iii) World War II : Causes and Consequences.
23. The World after World War II:
(i) Emergence of Two power blocs.
(ii) Emergence of Third World and non-alignment.
(iii) UNO and the global disputes.
24 . Liberation from Colonial Rule :
(i) Latin America-Bolivar.
(ii) Arab World-Egypt.
(iii) Africa-Apartheid to Democracy.
(iv)South-East Asia-Vietnam.
25. Decolonization and Underdevelopment :
(i) Factors constraining Development ; Latin America, Africa.
26. Unification of Europe :
(i) Post War Foundations ; NATO and European Community.
(ii) Consolidation and Expansion of European Community (iii) European Union.
27. Disintegration of Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar World :
(i) Factors leading to the collapse of Soviet Communism and Soviet Union, 1985-1991.
(ii) Political Changes in East Europe 1989-2001.
(iii) End of the Cold War and US Ascendancy in the World as the lone superpower.
LAW
PAPER-I
Constitutional and administrative Law :
1. Constitution and Constitutionalism:The distinctive features of the Constitution.
2. Fundamental Rights—Public interest litigation; Legal Aid; Legal services authority.
3. Relationship between Fundamental rights, Directive principles and Fundamental duties.
4. Constitutional Position of the President and relation with the Council of Ministers.
5. Governor and his powers.
6. Supreme Court and the High Courts:
(a) Appointments and transfer.
(b) Powers, functions and jurisdiction.
7. Centre, States and local bodies:
(a) Distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States.
(b) Local Bodies.
(c) Administrative relationship among Union, State and Local Bodies.
(d) Eminent domain-State property-common property-community property.
8. Legislative powers, privileges and immunities.
9. Services under the Union and the States:
(a) Recruitment and conditions of services;Constitutional safeguards; Administrative
tribunals.
(b) Union Public Service Commission and StatePublic Service Commissions—Power
andfunctions.
(c) Election Commission—Power and functions.
10. Emergency provisions.
11. Amendment of the Constitution.
12. Principle of Natural Justice—Emerging trends and judicial approach.
13. Delegated legislation and its constitutionality.
14. Separation of powers and constitutional governance.
15. Judicial review of administrative action.
16. Ombudsman: Lokayukta, Lokpal etc.
International Law :
1. Nature and Definition of International Law.
2. Relationship between International Law and Municipal Law.
3. State Recognition and State Succession.
4. Law of the sea: Inland Waters,Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Continental Shelf,
Exclusive
Economic Zone and High Seas.
5. Individuals: Nationality, statelessness; Human Rights and procedures available for their
enforcement.
6. Territorial jurisdiction of States, Extradition and Asylum.
7. Treaties : Formation, application, termination and reservation.
8. United Nations : Its principal organs, powers and functions and reform.
9. Peaceful settlement of disputes—different modes.
10. Lawful recourse to force : aggressions, self-defence, intervention.
11. Fundamental principles of international humanitarian law—International conventions
and contemporary developments.
12. Legality of the use of nuclear weapons; ban on testing of nuclear weapons; Nuclear non-
proliferation treaty, CTST.
13. International Terrorism, State sponsored terrorism, Hijacking, International Criminal
Court.
14. New International Economic Order and Monetary Law : WTO, TRIPS, GATT, IMF, World
Bank.
15. Protection and Improvement of the Human Environment : International Efforts.
PAPER II
Law of Crimes :—
1. General principles of Criminal liability : mens rea and actus reus, mens rea in statutory
offences.
2. Kinds of punishment and emerging trends as to abolition of capital punishment.
3. Preparations and criminal attempt.
4. General exceptions.
5. Joint and constructive liability.
6. Abetment.
7. Criminal conspiracy.
8. Offences against the State.
9. Offences against public tranquility.
10. Offences against human body.
11. Offences against property.
12. Offences against women.
13. Defamation.
14. Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.
15. Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 and subsequent legislative developments.
16. Plea bargaining.
Law of Torts
1. Nature and definition.
2. Liability based upon fault and strict liability; Absolute liability.
3. Vicarious liability including State Liability.
4. General defences.
5. Joint tort fessors.
6. Remedies.
7. Negligence.
8. Defamation.
9. Nuisance.
10. Conspiracy.
11. False imprisonment.
12. Malicious prosecution.
13. Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
Law of Contracts and Mercantile Law
1. Nature and formation of contract/E-contract.
2. Factors vitiating free consent.
3. Void, voidable, illegal and unenforceable agreements.
4. Performance and discharge of contracts.
5. Quasi-contracts.
6. Consequences of breach of contract.
7. Contract of indemnity, guarantee and insurance.
8. Contract of agency.
9. Sale of goods and hire purchase.
10. Formation and dissolution of partnership.
11. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881.
12. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.
13. Standard form contracts.
Contemporary Legal Developments
1. Public Interest Litigation.
2. Intellectual property rights—Concept, types/prospects.
3. Information Technology Law including Cyber Laws—Concept, purpose/prospects.
4. Competition Law—Concept, purpose/prospects.
5. Alternate Dispute Resolution—Concept, types/prospects.
6. Major statutes concerning environmental law.
7. Right to Information Act.
8. Trial by media.
Literature of the following languages :
NOTE (i).—A candidate may be required to answer some or all the Questions in the
language concerned.
NOTE (ii).—In regard to the languages included in the Eighth Schedule to Constitution,
the scripts will be the same as indicated in Section II (B) of Appendix I relating to the Main
Examination.
NOTE (iii).—Candidates should note that the questions not required to be answered in a
specific language will have to be answered in the language medium indicated by them for
answering papers on Essay, General Studies and Optional Subjects.
ASSAMESE
PAPER I
[Answers must be written in Assamese]
Section A
Language
(a) History of the origin and development of the Assamese Language —its position among the
Indo-Aryan language—periods in its history.
(b) Development of Assamese prose.
(c) Vowels and consonants of the Assamese Language—Rules of phonetic changes with stress on
Assamese coming down from Old Indo-Aryan.
(d) Assamese vocabulary—and its sources.
(e) Morphology of the language—conjugation—enclitic definitives and pleonastic suffixes.
(f) Dilectical divergences—the Standard colloquial and the Kamrupi dialect in particular.
(g) Assamese script—its evolution through the ages till 19th century A.D.
Section B
Literary Criticism and Literary History
(a) Principles of literary criticism up to New criticism.
(b) Different literary genres.
(c) Development of literary forms in Assamese.
(d) Development of literary criticism in Assamese.
(e) Periods of the literary history of Assam from the earliest beginnings, i.e. from the period of
the charyyageeta with their socio-cultural background : the proto Assamese
PreSankaradeva—Sankaradeva—Post-Sankaradeva—Modern period (from the coming of
the Britishers)—Post-Independence period. Special emphasis is to be given on the
Vaisnavite period, the gonaki and the post-independence periods.
PAPER II
This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the
candidate’s critical ability.
[Answers must be written in Assamese]
Section A
Râmâyana (Ayodhyâ Kânda —by Madhava Kandali only)
Pârijât-Harana —by Sankaradeva.
Râsakrîdâ —by Sankaradeva (From Kirtana Ghosa)
Bârgeet —by Madhavadeva.
Râjasûya —by Madhavadeva.
Kathâ-Bhâgavata(Books I and II) —by Baikurthanath Bhattacharyya.
Gurucarit-Kathâ (Sankaradeva’s Part only) —ed. by Maheswar Neog.
SECTION B
Mor Jeevan Soñwaran —by Lakshminath Bezbaroa.
Kripâbar BorbaruârKakatar Topola —by Lakshminath Bezbaroa.
Pratimâ —by Chandra KumarAgarwalla.
Gâonburhâ —by Padmanath GohainBarua.
Manomatî —by Rajanikanta Bordoloi.
Purani Asamîyâ Sâhitya —by Banikanta Kakati.
Kârengar Ligirî —by Jyotiprasad Agarwalla
Jeevanar Bâtat —by Bina Barva(BirinchiKumar Barua)
Mrityunjoy —by Birendrakumar Bhattacharyya
Samrât —by Navakanta Barua
BENGALI
PAPER 1
History of Language and Literature.[Answers must be written in Bengali]
Section A : Topics from the History of Bangla language
1. The chronological track from Proto Indo-European to Bangla (Family tree with branches and
approximate dates).
2. Historical stages of Bangla (Old, Middle, New) and their linguistic features.
3. Dialects of Bangla and their distinguishing characteristics.
4. Elements of Bangla Vocabulary.
5. Forms of Bangla Literary Prose—Sadhu and Chalit.
6. Processes of language change relevant for Bangla :
Apinihiti (Anaptyxis), Abhishruti (umlaut), Murdhanyibhavan (cerebralization), Nasikyibhavan
(Nasalization), Samibhavan (Assimilation), Sadrishya (Analogy), Svaragama (Vowel insertion)
—Adi Svaragama, Madhya Svaragama or Svarabhakti, Antya Svaragama, Svarasangati (Vowel
harmony), y—shruti and w—shruti.
7. Problems of standardization and reform of alphabet and spelling, and those of transliteration
and Romanization.
8. Phonology, Morphology and Syntax of Modern Bangla.
(Sounds of Modern Bangla, Conjuncts; word formations, compounds; basic sentence patterns.)
Section B : Topics from the History of Bangla Literature.
1. Periodization of Bangla Literature : Old Bangla and Middle Bangla.
2. Points of difference between modern and pre-modern Bangla Literature.
3. Roots and reasons behind the emergence of modernity in Bangla Literature.
4. Evolution of various Middle Bangla forms ; Mangal Kavyas, Vaishnava lyrics, Adapted narratives
(Ramayana, Mahabharata, Bhagavata) and religious biographies.
5. Secular forms in middle Bangla literature.
6. Narrative and lyric trends in the nineteenth century Bangla poetry.
7. Development of prose.
8. Bangla dramatic literature (nineteenth century, Tagore, Post-1944 Bangla drama).
9. Tagore and post-Tagoreans.
10. Fiction, major authors :
Bankimchandra, Tagore, Saratchandra, Bibhutibhusan, Tarasankar, Manik ).
11. Women and Bangla literature : creators and created.
12.
PAPER II
Prescribed texts for close study
[Answers must be written in Bengali] Section
A
1. Vaishnava Padavali (Calcutta University)
Poems of Vidyapati, Chandidas, Jnanadas, Govindadas and Balaramdas.
2. Chandimangal Kalketu episode by Mukunda (Sahitya Akademi).
3. Chaitanya Charitamrita, Madhya Lila by Krishnadas Kaviraj (Sahitya Akademi).
4. Meghnadbadh Kavya by Madhusudan Dutta.
5. Kapalkundala by Bankimchandra Chatterjee.
6. Samya and Bangadesher Krishak by Bankimchandra Chatterjee.
7. Sonar Tari by Rabindranath Tagore.
8. Chhinnapatravali by Rabindranath Tagore.
Section B
9. Raktakarabi by Rabindranath Tagore.
10. Nabajatak by Rabindranath Tagore.
11. Grihadaha by Saratchandra Chatterjee.
12. Prabandha Samgraha, Vol. 1, by Pramatha Choudhuri.
13. Aranyak by Bibhutibhusan Banerjee.
14. Short stories by Manik Bandyopadhyay : Atashi Mami, Pragaitihasik, Holud-Pora, Sarisrip,
Haraner Natjamai, Chhoto-Bokulpurer Jatri, Kustharogir Bou, Jakey Ghush Ditey Hoy.
15. Shrestha Kavita by Jibanananda Das.
16. Jagori by Satinath Bhaduri.
17. Ebam Indrajit by Badal Sircar.
PAPER I
History of Bodo Language and Literature
[Answers must be written in Bodo]
Section A
History of Bodo Language
1. Homeland, language family, its present status and its mutual contact with Assamese.
2. (a) phonemes : Vowel and Consonant Phonemes.
(b) Tones.
3. Morphology : Gender, Case and Case endings, Plural suffix, Definitives, Verbal suffix.
4. Vocabulary and its sources.
5. Syntax : Types of sentences, Word Order.
6. History of scripts used in writing Bodo Language since inception.
Section B
History of Bodo Literature
1. General introduction of Bodo folk Literature.
2. Contribution of the Missionaries.
3. Periodization of Bodo Literature.
4. Critical analysis of different genre (Poetry, Novel, Short Story and Drama).
5. Translation Literature.
Paper II
The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to
test the critical ability of the candidates.
(Answers must be written in Bodo)
Section A
(a) Khonthai-Methai
(Edited by Madaram Brahma & Rupnath Brahma)
(b) Hathorkhi-Hala
(Edited by Pramod Chandra Brahma)
(c) Boroni Gudi Sibsa Arw Aroz : Madaram Brahma
(d) Raja Nilambar : Dwarendra Nath Basumatary
(e) Bibar (prose section)
(Edited by Satish Chandra Basumatary).
Section B
(a) Bibi Bithai (Aida Nwi) : Bihuram Boro
(b) Radab : Samar Brahma Chaudhury
(c) Okhrang Gongse Nangou : Brajendra Kumar Brahma
(d) Baisagu Arw Harimu : Laksheswar Brahma
(e) Gwdan Boro : Manoranjan Lahary
(f) Jujaini Or : Chittaranjan Muchahary
(g) Mwihoor : Dharanidhar Wary
(h) Hor Badi Khwmsi : Kamal Kumar Brahma
(i) Jaolia Dewan : Mangal Singh Hozowary (j) Hagra Guduni Mwi : Nilkamal Brahma
DOGRI
PAPER I
HISTORY OF DOGRI LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
(Answers must be written in Dogri)
Section A
History of Dogri Language
1. Dogri language: Origin and development through different stages.
2. Linguistic boundaries of Dogri and its dialects.
3. Characteristic features of Dogri Language.
4. Structure of Dogri Langauge:
(a) Sound Structure:
Segmental : Vowels and Consonants
Non-segmental : Length, Stress, Nasalization, Tone and Junture.
(b) Morphology of Dogri:
(i) Inflection Categories: Gender, Number, Case, Person, Tense and Voice.
(ii) Word Formation; use of prefixes, infixes and suffixes.
(iii) Vocabulary: tatsam, tadbhav, foreign and regional.
(c) Sentence Structure; Major Sentence-types and their constituents, agreement and concord in
Dogri syntax.
5. Dogri Language and Scripts: Dogre/Dogra Akkhar, Devanagari and Persia.
Section B
History of Dogri Language
1. A brief account of Pre-independence Dogri Literature: Poetry & Prose.
2. Development of modern Dogri Poetry and main trends in Dogri Poetry.
3. Development of Dogri short-story, main trends and prominent short-story writers.
4. Development of Dogri Novel, main trends and contribution of Dogri Novelists.
5. Development of Dogri Drama and contribution of prominent playwrights.
6. Development of Dogri Prose; Essays, Memoirs and travelogues.
7. An introduction to Dogri Folk Literature—Folk songs, Folk tales 7 Ballads.
PAPER -II
TEXTUAL CRITICISM OF DOGRI LITERATURE
(Answers must be written in Dogri)
Section A
Poetry
1. Azadi Paihle Di Dogri Kavita The following
poets:
Devi Ditta, Lakkhu, Ganga Ram, Ramdhan, Hardutt, Pahari Gandhi Baba Kanshi Ram &
Permanand Almast
2. Modern Dogri Poetry
Azadi Bad Di Dogri Kavita The
following poets :
Kishan Smailpuri, Tara Smailpuri, Mohan Lal Sapolia, Yash Sharma, K.S. Madhukar, Padma
Sachdev, Jitendra Udhampuri, Charan Singh and Prakash Premi
3. Sheeraza Dogri Number 102, Ghazal Ank The
following poets :
Ram Lal Sharma, Ved Pal Deep, N.D. Jamwal, Shiv Ram Deep, Ashwini Magotra and Virendra
Kesar
4. Sheeraza Dogri Number 147, Ghazal Ank The
following poets:
R.N. Shastri, Jitendra Udhampuri, Champa Sharma and Darshan Darshi. 5.
Ramayan (Epic) by Shambhu Nath Sharma (up to Ayodhya Kand) 6. Veer
Gulab (Khand Kavya) by Dinoo Bhai Pant.
Section B
Prose
1. Ajakani Dogri Kahani
The following Short Story Writers :
Madan Mohan Sharma, Narendra Khajuri and B.P. Sathe
2. Ajakani Dogri Kahani Part-II
The following Short Story Writers :
Ved Rahi, Narsingh Dev Jamwal, Om Goswami, Chahttrapal, Lalit Magotra, Chaman Arora and
Ratan Kesar.
3. Khatha Kunj Bhag II
The following Story Writers :
Om Vidyarthi, Champa Sharma and Krishan Sharma.
4. Meel Patthar (collection of short stories) by Bandhu Sharma.
5. Kaiddi (Novel) by Desh Bandhu Dogra Nutan. 6. Nanga Rukkh (Novel) by O.P. Sharma Sarathi.
7. Nayaan (Drama) by Mohan Singh.
8. Satrang (A collection of one act plays).
The following play wrights :
Vishwa Nath Khajuria, Ram Nath Shastri, Jitendra Sharma, Lalit Magotra and Madan Mohan
Sharma.
9. Dogri Lalit Nibandh
The following authors:
Vishwa Nath Khajuria, Narayan Mishra, Balkrishan Shastri, Shiv Nath, Shyam Lal Sharma,
Lakshmi Narayan, D.C. Prashant, Ved Ghai, Kunwar Viyogi.
ENGLISH
The syllabus consists of two papers, designed to test a first-hand and critical reading of texts
prescribed from the following periods in English Literature : Paper 1 : 1600-1900 and Paper 2 :
1900–1990.
There will be two compulsory questions in each paper : (a) A short-notes question related to the
topics for general study, and (b) A critical analysis of UNSEEN passages both in prose and verse.
PAPER I
(Answers must be written in English)
Texts for detailed study are listed below. Candidates will also be required to show adequate
knowledge of the following topics and movements :
The Renaissance; Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama; Metaphysical Poetry; The Epic and the Mock-
epic; Neo-classicism; Satire; The Romantic Movement; The Rise of the Novel; The Victorian Age.
Section A 1.
William Shakespeare : King Lear and The Tempest.
2. John Donne. The following poems :
–Canonization;
–Death be not proud;
–The Good Morrow;
–On his Mistress going to bed;
–The Relic;
3. John Milton : Paradise Lost, I, II, IV, IX.
4. Alexander Pope. The Rape of the Lock.
5. William Wordsworth. The following poems :
– Ode on Intimations of Immortality.
– Tintern Abbey.
– Three years she grew.
– She dwelt among untrodden ways.
– Michael.
– Resolution and Independence.
– The World is too much with us.
– Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour.
– Upon Westminster Bridge.
6. Alfred Tennyson : In Memoriam.
7. Henrik Ibsen : A Doll’s House.
Section B
1. Jonathan Swift, Gulliver’s Travels.
2. Jane Austen. Pride and Prejudice.
3. Henry Fielding. Tom Jones.
4. Charles Dickens. Hard Times.
5. George Eliot. The Mill on the Floss.
6. Thomas Hardy. Tess of the d’Urbervilles.
7. Mark Twain. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
PAPER II
(Answers must be written in English)
Texts for detailed study are listed below. Candidates will also be required to show adequate
knowledge of the following topics and movements :
Modernism; Poets of the Thirties; The stream-of-consciousness Novel; Absurd Drama; Colonialism and
Post-Colonialism; Indian Writing in English; Marxist, Psychoanalytical and Feminist approaches to
literature; Post-Modernism.
Section A
1. William Butler Yeats. The following poems :
– Easter 1916.
– The Second Coming.
– A Prayer for my daughter.
– Sailing to Byzantium.
– The Tower.
– Among School Children.
– Leda and the Swan.
– Meru.
– Lapis Lazuli.
– The Second Coming.
– Byzantium.
2. T.S. Eliot. The following poems :
– The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.
– Journey of the Magi.
– Burnt Norton.
3. W.H. Auden. The following poems :
– Partition
– Musee des Beaux Arts
– In Memory of W.B. Yeats
– Lay your sleeping head, my love
– The Unknown Citizen
– Consider
– Mundus Et Infans
– The Shield of Achilles
– September 1, 1939
– Petition
4. John Osborne : Look Back in Anger.
5. Samuel Beckett. Waiting for Godot.
6. Philip Larkin. The following poems :
– Next
– Please
– Deceptions
– Afternoons
– Days
– Mr. Bleaney
7. A.K. Ramanujan. The following poems :
– Looking for a Cousin on a Swing
– A River
– Of Mothers, among other Things
– Love Poem for a Wife 1
– Small-Scale Reflections on a Great House
– Obituary
(All these poems are available in the anthology Ten Twentieth Century Indian Poets, edited by
R. Parthasarthy, published by Oxford University Press, New Delhi).
Section B
1. Joseph Conrad. Lord Jim.
2. James Joyce. Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.
3. D.H. Lawrence. Sons and Lovers.
4. E.M. Forster. A Passage to India.
5. Virginia Woolf. Mrs. Dalloway.
6. Raja Rao. Kanthapura.
7. V.S. Naipaul. A House for Mr. Biswas.
GUJARATI
PAPER I
(Answers must be written in Gujarati)
Section A
Gujarati Language : Form and History
(1) History of Gujarati Language with special reference to New Indo-Aryan i.e. last one
thousand years.
(2) Significant features of the Gujarati language : phonology, morphology and syntax.
(3) Major dialects : Surti, pattani, charotari and Saurashtri.
History of Gujarati literature
Medieval :
4. Jaina tradition
5. Bhakti tradition : Sagun and Nirgun (Jnanmargi)
6. Non-sectarian tradition (Laukik parampara) Modern :
7. Sudharak yug
8. Pandit yug
9. Gandhi yug
10. Anu-Gandhi yug
11. Adhunik yug
Section B
Literary Forms : (Salient features, history and development of
the following literary forms :)
(a) Medieval
1. Narratives : Rasa, Akhyan and Padyavarta
2. Lyrical: Pada
(b) Folk
3. Bhavai
(c) Modern
4. Fiction : Novel and Short Story
5. Drama
6. Literary Essay
7. Lyrical Poetry
(d) Criticism
8. History of theoretical Gujarati criticism 9. Recent research in folk tradition.
PAPER II
(Answers must be written in Gujarati)
The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the
critical ability of the candidate.
Section A
1. Medieval
(i) Vasantvilas phagu—AJNATKRUT
(ii) Kadambari—BHALAN
(iii) Sudamacharitra—PREMANAND
(iv) Chandrachandravatini varta—SHAMAL
(v) Akhegeeta—AKHO
2. Sudharakyug & Pandityug
(vi) Mari Hakikat—NARMADASHA
(vii) Farbasveerah—DALPATRAM
(viii) Saraswatichandra-Part 1—GOVARDHANRAM TRIPATHI
(ix) Purvalap—‘KANT’ (MANISHANKAR RATNAJI BHATT) (x) Raino Parvat—RAMANBHAI
NEELKANTH
Section B
1. Gandhiyug & Anu Gandhiyug
(i) Hind Swaraj—MOHANDAS KARAMCHAND GANDHI
(ii) Patanni Prabhuta—KANHAIYALAL MUNSHI
(iii) Kavyani Shakti—RAMNARAYAN VISHWANATH PATHAK
(iv) Saurashtrani Rasdhar-Part 1—ZAVERCHAND MEGHANI
(v) Manvini Bhavai—PANNALAL PATEL
(vi) Dhvani—RAJENDRA SHAH
2. Adhunik yug
(vii) Saptapadi—UMASHANKAR JOSHI
(viii) Janantike—SURESH JOSHI
(ix) Ashwatthama—SITANSHU YASHASCHANDRA
HINDI
PAPER I
(Answers must be written in Hindi)
Section A
1. History of Hindi Language and Nagari Lipi
I. Grammatical and applied forms of Apbhransh, Awahatta & Arambhik Hindi.
II. Development of Braj and Awadhi as Literary language during medieval period.
III. Early form of Khari-boli in Siddha-Nath Sahitya, Khusero, Sant Sahitaya, Rahim etc. and
Dakhni Hindi.
IV. Development of Khari-boli and Nagari Lipi during 19th Century. V. Standardisation of
Hindi Bhasha & Nagari Lipi.
VI. Development of Hindi as a National Language during freedom movement.
VII. The development of Hindi as a National Language of Union of India.
VIII. Scientific & Technical Development of Hindi Language.
IX. Prominent dialects of Hindi and their inter-relationship.
X. Salient features of Nagari Lipi and the efforts for its reform & Standard form of Hindi.
XI. Grammatical structure of Standard Hindi.
Section B
2. History of Hindi Literature
I. The relevance and importance of Hindi literature and tradition of writing History of Hindi
Literature.
II. Literary trends of the following four periods of history of Hindi Literature.
A : Adikal—Sidh, Nath and Raso Sahitya.
Prominent poets—Chandvardai, Khusaro, Hemchandra, Vidyapati.
B : Bhaktikal—Sant Kavyadhara, Sufi Kavyadhara, Krishna Bhaktidhara and Ram
Bhaktidhara.
Prominent Poets—Kabir, Jayasi, Sur & Tulsi.
C : Ritikal—Ritikavya, Ritibaddhkavya & Riti Mukta Kavya. Prominent Poets—Keshav, Bihari,
Padmakar and Ghananand.
D : Adhunik Kal—
a. Renaissance, the development of Prose, Bharatendu Mandal.
b. Prominent Writers—Bharatendu, Bal Krishna Bhatt & Pratap Narain Mishra.
c. Prominent trends of modern Hindi Poetry: Chhayavad, Pragativad, Prayogvad, Nai
Kavita, Navgeet and Contemporary poetry and Janvadi Kavita.
Prominent Poets—Maithili Sharan Gupta, Prasad, Nirala, Mahadevi, Dinkar, Agyeya,
Muktibodh, Nagarjun.
3. Katha Sahitya
B
A : Upanyas & Realism
B : The origin and development of Hindi Novels.
C : ProminentNovelists—Premchand, Jain-endra, Yashpal, Renu and Bhism Sahani.
D : The origin and development of Hindi short story.
E : Prominent Short Story Writers—Premchand, Prasad, Agyeya, Mohan Rakesh & Krishna
Sobti.
4. Drama & Theatre
A : The Origin & Development of Hindi Drama.
B : Prominent Dramatists—Bharatendu, Prasad, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Ram Kumar Verma,
Mohan Rakesh.
C : The development of Hindi Theatre.
5. Criticism
A : The origin and development of Hindi criticism : Saiddhantik, Vyavharik, Pragativadi.
Manovishleshanvadi & Nai Alochana.
B : Prominent critics—Ramchandra Shukla, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma &
Nagendra.
6. The other form of Hindi prose—Lalit Nibandh,Rekhachitra, Sansmaran, Yatra-vrittant.
PAPER II
(Answers must be written in Hindi)
The paper will require first-hand reading of the prescribed texts and will test the critical ability
of the candidates.
Section A
1. Kabir : Kabir Granthawali, Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (First hundred Sakhis)
2. Soordas : Bhramar Geetsar, Ed. Ramchandra Shukla (First hundred Padas)
3. Tulsidas : Ramcharit Manas (Sundar Kand) Kavitawali (Uttarkand)
4. Jayasi : Padmawat Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (Sinhal Dwip Khand & Nagmativiyog Khand)
5. Bihari : Bihari Ratnakar Ed. Jagnnath Prasad Ratnakar (First 100 Dohas)
6. Maithili Sharan : Bharat Bharati Gupta
7. Prasad : Kamayani (Chinta and Shraddha Sarg)
8. Nirala : Rag-Virag, Ed. Ram Vilas Sharma (Ram Ki Shakti Pooja & Kukurmutta)
9. Dinkar : Kurukshetra
10. Agyeya : Angan Ke Par Dwar (Asadhya Veena)
11. Muktiboth : Brahm Rakhashas
12. Nagarjun : Badal Ko Ghirte Dekha Hai, Akal Ke Bad, Harijan Gatha.
Section B
1. Bharatendu : Bharat Durdasha
2. Mohan Rakesh : Ashadh Ka Ek Din
3. Ramchandra : Chintamani (Part I) (KavitaKya Shukla Hai, ShraddhaAurBhakti)
4. Dr. Satyendra : Nibandh Nilaya—Bal Krishna Bhatt, Premchand, Gulab Rai, Hajari Prasad
Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma, Agyeya, Kuber Nath Rai.
5. Premchand Godan, Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed.
Amrit
Rai/Manjusha—Prem Chand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan. Ed. Amrit Rai.
6. Prasad : Skandgupta
7. Yashpal : Divya
8. Phaniswar Nath : Maila Anchal Renu
9. Mannu Bhandari : Mahabhoj
10. Rajendra Yadav : Ek Dunia Samanantar (All Stories)
KANNADA
PAPER-I
(Answers must be written in Kannada)
Section A
A. History of Kannada Language
What is Language ? General characteristics of Language. Dravidian Family of Languages and its
specific features. Antiquity of Kannada Language. Different phases of its Development.
Dialects of Kannada Language : Regional and Social. Various aspects of developments of
Kannada Language: phonological and Semantic changes. Language borrowing.
B. History of Kannada Literature
Ancient Kannada literature : Influence and Trends, Poets for study : Specified poets from Pampa to
Ratnakara Varni are to be studied in the light of contents, form and expression : Pampa, Janna,
Nagachandra.
Medieval Kannada literature : Influence and Trends.
Vachana Literature : Basavanna, Akka Mahadevi.
Medieval Poets : Harihara, Raghavanka, Kumara-Vyasa.
Dasa literature : Purandara and Kanaka.
Sangataya : Ratnakarvarni
C. Modern Kannada literature : Influence, trends and ideologies, Navodaya, Pragatishila, Navya,
Dalita and Bandaya.
Section B
A. Poetics and Literary Criticism
Definition and concepts of poetry; Word, Meaning, Alankara, Reeti, Rasa, Dhwani, Auchitya.
Interpretations of Rasa Sutra. Modern Trends of literary criticism : Formalist, Historical,
Marxist, Feminist, Post-colonial criticism.
B. Cultural History of Karnataka
Contribution of Dynasties to the culture of Karnataka: Chalukyas of Badami and Kalyani,
Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, Vijayanagara rulers, in literary context.
Major religions of Karnataka and their cultural contribution.
Arts of Karnataka ; Sculpture, Architecture, Painting, Music, Dance—in the literary context.
Unification of Karnataka and its impact of Kannada literature.
PAPER-II
(Answers must be written in Kannada)
The Paper will require first-hand reading of the Texts prescribed and will be designed to test the
critical ability of the candidates.
Section A
A. Old Kannada Literature
1. Vikramaarjuna Vijaya of Pampa (Cantos 12 & 13), (Mysore University Pub.)
2. Vaddaraadhane (Sukumaraswamyia Kathe, Vidyutchorana Kathe)
B. Medieval Kannada Literature
1. Vachana, Kammata, Ed. K. Marulasiddappa K.R. Nagaraj (Bangalore University Pub.)
2. Janapriya Kanakasamputa, Ed. D. Javare Gowda (Kannada and Culture Directorate, Bangalore)
3. Nambiyannana Ragale, Ed., T.N. Sreekantaiah (Ta. Vem. Smaraka Grantha Male, Mysore)
4. Kumaravyasa Bharata : Karna Parva (Mysore University)
5. Bharatesha Vaibhava Sangraha Ed Ta. Su. Shama Rao (Mysore University) Section B
A. Modern Kannada Literature
1. Poetry : Hosagannada Kavite, Ed. G.H. Nayak (Kannada Saahitya Parishattu, Bangalore)
2. Novel : Bettada Jeeva—Shivarama Karanta Madhavi—Anupama
NiranjanaOdalaala-Deva-nuru Mahadeva
3. Short Story : Kannada Sanna Kathegalu, Ed. G.H. Nayak (Sahitya Academy, New Delhi)
4. Drama : Shudra Tapaswi—Kuvempu. Tughalak—Girish Karnad.
5. Vichara Sahitya : Devaru—A.N. Moorty Rao (Pub: D.V.K.Moorty, Mysore.) B. Folk Literature :
1. Janapada Swaroopa—Dr. H.M. Nayak. (Ta. Vem. Smaraka Grantha Male, Mysore.)
2. Janpada Geetaanjali—Ed. D. Javare Gowda.(Pub : Sahitya Academy, New Delhi).
3. Kannada Janapada Kathegalu—Ed. J.S. Paramashiviaah (Mysore University).
4. Beedi Makkalu Beledo. Ed. Kalegowda Nagavara (Pub : Bangalore University).
5. Savirada Ogatugalu—Ed. S.G. Imrapura
KASHMIRI
PAPER-I
(Answers must be written in Kashmiri) Section
A
1. Genealogical relationship of the Kashmiri language: various theories.
2. Areas of occurence and dialects (geographical/social)
3. Phonology and grammar:
i. Vowel and consonant system;
ii. Nouns and pronouns with various case inflections;
iii. Verbs: various types and tenses.
4. Syntactic structure:
i. Simple, active and declarative statements;
ii. Coordination; iii. Relativisation.
Section B
1. Kashmiri literature in the 14th century (Socio-cultural and intellectual background with special
reference to Lal Dyad and Sheikhul Alam).
2. Nineteenth century Kashmiri literature (development of various genres : vatsun; ghazal and
mathnavi.
3. Kashmiri literature in the first half of the twentieth century (with special reference to Mahjoor
and Azad; various literary influences).
4. Modern Kashmiri literature (with special reference to the development of the short story, drama,
novel and nazm).
PAPER-II
(Answers must be written in Kashmiri) Section
A
1. Intensive study of Kashmiri poetry up to the nineteenth century : (i) Lal Dyad,
(ii) Sheikhul Aalam
(iii) Habba Khatoon
2. Kashmiri poetry : 19th Century
(i) Mahmood Gami (Vatsans)
(ii) Maqbool shah (Gulrez)
(iii) Rasool Mir (Ghazals)
(iv) Abdul Ahad Nadim (N’at)
(v) Krishanjoo Razdan (Shiv Lagun)
(vi) Sufi Poets (Test in Sanglaab, published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir)
3. Twentieth Century Kashmiri poetry (text in Azich Kashir Shairi, published by the
Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir).
4. Literary criticism and research work : development and various trends. Section B 1.
An analytical study of the short story in Kashmiri.
(i) Afsana Majmu’a, published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir.
(ii) Kashur Afsana Az, published by the Sahitya Akademi.
(iii) Hamasar Kashur Afsana, published by the Sahitya Akademi.
The following short story writers only : Akhtar Mohi-ud Din, Kamil, Hari Krishan Kaul, Hraday Kaul
Bharti, Bansi Nirdosh, Gulshan Majid.
2. Novel in Kashmiri :
(i) Mujrim by G. N. Gowhar
(ii) Marun—Ivan Ilyichun, (Kashmiri version of Tolstoy’s) The Death of Ivan Ilyich (published by
Kashmiri Deptt.)
3. Drama in Kashmiri :
(i) Natuk Kariv Band by Hari Krishan Kaul
(ii) Qk Angy Natuk, ed. Motilal Keemu, published by the Sahitya Akademi.
(iii) Razi Oedipus, tr. Naji Munawar, published by the Sahitya Akademi.
4. Kashmiri Folk Literature :
(i) Kashur Luki Theatre by Mohammad Subhan Bhagat,published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri,
University of Kashmir.
(ii) Kashiry Luki Beeth (all volumes) published by the J&K Cultural Akademy.
KONKANI
PAPER -I
(Answers must be written in Konkani)
Section-A
History of the Konkani Language :
(i) Origin and development of the language and influences on it.
(ii) Major variants of Konkani and their linguistic features.
(iii) Grammatical and lexicographic work in Konkani, including a study of cases, adverbs,
indeclinables and voices.
(iv) Old Standard Konkani, New Standard and Standardisation problems.
Section B
History of Konkani Literature
Candidates would be expected to be well-acquainted with Konkani literature and its social and
cultural background and consider the problems and issues arising out of them.
(i) History of Konkani literature from its probable source to the present times, with emphasis
on its major works, writers and movements.
(ii) Social and cultural background of the making of Konkani literature from time to time.
(iii) Indian and Western influences on Konkani literature, from the earliest to modern times.
(iv) Modern literary trends in the various genres and regions including a study of Konkani
folklore.
PAPER-II
(Answers must be written in Konkani)
Textual Criticism of Konkani Literature
The paper will be designed to test the candidate’s critical and analytical abilities. Candidates
would be expected to be well-acquainted with Konkani Literature and required to have first-hand
reading of the following texts :
Section A : Prose
1. (a) Konkani Mansagangotri (excluding poetry) ed. by Prof : Olivinho Gomes. (b) Old Konkani
language and literature—the Portuguese Role
2. (a) Otmo Denvcharak—a novel by A. V. da Cruz.
(b) Vadoll ani Varem—a novel by Antonio Pereira.
(c) Devache Kurpen—a novel by V.J.P. Saldanha.
3. (a) Vajralikhani—Shenoy goem-bab-An anthology-ed. by Shantaram Varde Valavalikar.
(b) Konkani Lalit Niband—Essays-ed. by Shyam Verenkar.
(c) Teen Dasakam—An anthology—ed. by Chandrakant Keni.
4. (a) Demand—Drama-by Pundalik Naik.
(b) Kadambini: A Miscellany of Modern Prose—ed. by Prof. O.J.F. Gomes and Smt. P.S.
Tadkodkar.
(c) Ratha Tujeo Ghudieo—by Smt. Jayanti Naik.
Section B : Poetry
1. (a) Ev ani Mori : Poetry by Eduardo Bruno de Souza.
(b) Abravanchem Yadnyadan—by Luis Mascarenhas.
2. (a) Godde Ramayan—ed. by R.K. Rao.
(b) Ratnahar I and II—collection of poems—ed. R. V. Pandit.
3. (a) Zayo Zuyo—poems- Manohar L. Sardessai.
(b) Kanadi Mati Konkani Kavi—Anthology ofPoems—ed. Pratap Naik.
4. (a) Adrushatache Kalle—Poems by Pandurang Bhangui.
(b) Yaman—Poems by Madhav Borkar.
MAITHILI
PAPER I
HISTORY OF MAITHILI LANGUAGE AND ITS LITERATURE

(Answers must be written in Maithili)
PART A
History of Maithili Language
1. Place of Maithili in Indo-European Language family.
2. Origin and development of Maithili language. (Sanskrit, Prakrit, Avhatt, Maithili)
3. Periodic division of Maithili Language. (Beginning, Middle era, Modern era).
4. Maithili and its different dialects.
5. Relationship between Maithili and other Eastern languages (Bengali, Asamese, Oriya)
6. Origin and Development of Tirhuta Script.
7. Pronouns and Verbs in Maithili Language.
PART B
History of Maithili Literature
1. Background of Maithili Literature (Religious, Economic, Social, Cultural).
2. Periodic division of Maithili literature.
3. Pre-Vidyapati Literature.
4. Vidyapati and his tradition.
5. Medieval Maithili Drama (Kirtaniya Natak, Ankia Nat, Maithili dramas written in Nepal).
6. Maithili Folk Literature (Folk Tales, Folk Drama, Folk Stories, Folk Songs).
7. Development of different literary forms in modern era :
(a) Prabandh-kavya
(b) Muktak-kavya
(c) Novel
(d) Short Story
(e) Drama
(f) Essay
(g) Criticism
(h) Memoirs
(i) Translation
8. Development of Maithili Magazines and Journals.
PAPER -II
(Answers must be written in Maithili)
The paper will require first-hand reading of the prescribed texts and will test the critical
ability of the candidates.
PART -A
Poetry
1. Vidyapati Geet-Shati—Publisher : Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi (Lyrics— 1 to 50)
2. Govind Das Bhajanavali—Publisher : Maithili Acadamy, Patna (Lyrics— 1 to 25)
3. Krishnajanm—Manbodh
4. Mithilabhasha Ramayana—Chanda Jha (only Sunder-Kand) 5. Rameshwar Charit Mithila
Ramayan—Lal Das (only Bal-kand)
6. Keechak-Vadh—Tantra Nath Jha.
7. Datta-Vati—Surendra Jah ‘Suman’ (only 1st and 2nd Cantos).
8. Chitra-Yatri
9. Samakaleen Maithili Kavita—Publisher: Sahitaya Akademi, New Delhi.
PART-B
10. Varna Ratnakar—Jyotirishwar (only 2nd Kallol)
11. Khattar Kakak Tarang—Hari Mohan Jha
12. Lorik—Vijaya Manipadma
13. Prithvi Putra—Lalit
14. Bhaphait Chahak Jinagi—Sudhanshu ‘Shekhar’ Choudhary
15. Kriti Rajkamlak—Publisher: Maithili Acadamy, Patna (First Ten Stories only) 16. Katha–
Sangrah–Publisher: Maithili Acadamy, Patna.
MALAYALAM
PAPER-I
(Answers must be written in Malayalam)
Section A
1—Early phase of Malayalam Language :
1.1 Various theories : Origin from proto Dravidian, Tamil, Sanskrit.

1.2 Relation between Tamil and Malayalam : Six nayas of A. R. Rajarajavarma.
1.3 Pattu School—Definition, Ramacharitam, later pattu works—Niranam works and
Krishnagatha.
2—Linguistic features of :
2.1 Manipravalam—definition. Language of early manipravala works—Champu, Sandesakavya,
Chandrotsava, minor works. Later manipravala works—medieval Champu and Attakkatha.
2.2 Folklore—Southern and Northern ballads, Mappila songs.
2.3 Early Malayalam Prose—Bhashakautaliyam, Brahmandapuranam, Attaprakaram,
Kramadipika and Nambiantamil.
3—Standardisation of Malayalam :
3.1 Peculiarities of the language of Pana, Kilippattu and Tullal.
3.2 Contributions of indigenous and European missionaries to Malayalam.
3.3 Characteristics of contemporary Malayalam; Malayalam as administrative language.
Language of scientific and technical literature—media language.
Section B
LITERARY HISTORY
4—Ancient and Medieval Literature :
4.1 Pattu—Ramacharitam, Niranam Works and Krishnagatha.
4.2 Manipravalam—early and medieval manipravala works including attakkatha and champu.
4.3 Folk Literature.
4.4 Kilippattu, Tullal and Mahakavya.
5—Modern Literature—Poetry :
5.1 Venmani poets and contemporaries.
5.2 The advent of Romanticism—Poetry of Kavitraya i.e., Asan, Ulloor and Vallathol.
5.3 Poetry after Kavitraya.
5.4 Modernism in Malayalam Poetry.
6—Modern Literature—Prose :
6.1 Drama.
6.2 Novel.
6.3 Short story.
6.4 Biography, travelogue, essay and criticism.
PAPER-II
(Answers must be written in Malayalam)
This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and is designed to test
the candidate’s critical ability.
Section A
Unit 1
1.1 Ramacharitam—Patalam 1.
1.2 Kannassaramayanam—Balakandam first 25 stanzas.
1.3 Unnunilisandesam—Purvabhagam 25 slokas including Prastavana.
1.4 Mahabharatham Kilippattu—Bhishmaparvam.
Unit 2
2.1 Kumaran Asan—Chintavisthayaya Sita.
2.2 Vailoppilli—Kutiyozhikkal.
2.3 G. Sankara Kurup—Perunthachan.
2.4 N. V. Krishna Variar—Tivandiyile pattu.
Unit 3
3.1 O. N. V.—Bhumikkoru Charamagitam.
3.2 Ayyappa Panicker—Kurukshetram.
3.3 Akkittam—Pandatha Messanthi.
3.4 Attur Ravivarma—Megharupan.
Section B
Unit 4
4.1 O. Chanthu Menon—Indulekha.
4.2 Thakazhy—Chemmin.
4.3 O. V. Vijayan—Khasakkinte Ithihasam.
Unit 5
5.1 M. T. Vasudevan Nair—Vanaprastham (Collection).
5.2 N. S. Madhavan—Higvitta (Collection).
5.3 C. J. Thomas—1128-il Crime 27.
Unit 6
6.1 Kuttikrishna Marar—Bharataparyatanam.
6.2 M. K. Sanu—Nakshatrangalute Snehabhajanam.
6.3 V. T. Bhatttathirippad—Kannirum Kinavum.
MANIPURI
PAPER-I
(Answers must be written in Manipuri)
Section A
Language :
(a) General characteristics of Manipuri Language and history of its development; its importance and
status among the Tibeto-Burman Languages of North-East India; recent development in the study
of Manipuri Language; evolution and study of old Manipuri script.
(b) Significant features of Manipuri Language :
(i) Phonology : Phoneme-vowels, consonants juncture, tone, consonant cluster and its
occurrence, syllable-its structure, pattern and types.
(ii) Morphology : Word-class, root and its types; affix and its types; grammatical
categoriesgender, number, person, case, tense and aspects, process of compounding (samas
and sandhi).
(iii) Syntax : Word order; types of sentences, phrase and clause structures.
Section B (a)
Literary History of Manipuri :
Early period (up to 17th Century)–Social and cultural background; Themes, diction and style of
the works.
Medieval period (18th and 19th Century)-Social, religious and political background; Themes,
diction and style of the works.
Modern period-Growth of major literary forms; change of Themes, diction and style.
(b) Manipuri Folk Literature :
Legend, Folktale, Folksong, Ballad, Proverb and Riddle.
(c) Aspects of Manipuri Culture :
Pre-Hindu Manipuri Faith; Advent of Hinduism and the process of syncreticism;
Performing arts-Lai Haraoba, Maha Ras;
Indegenous games-Sagol Kangjei, Khong Kangjei, Kang.
PAPER-II
(Answers must be written in Manipuri)
This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test
candidate’s critical ability to assess them.
Section A
Old and Medieval Manipuri Literature :
(a) Old Manipuri Literature :
1. O. Bhogeswar Singh (Ed.): Numit Kappa
2. M. Gourachandra Singh (Ed.) : Thawanthaba Hiran 3. N. Khelchandra Singh
(Ed.) : Naothingkhong Phambal Kaba
4. M. Chandra Singh (Ed.) : Panthoibi Khonggul
(b) Medieval Manipuri Literature :
1. M. Chandra Singh (Ed.): Samsok Ngamba
2. R.K. Snahal Singh (Ed.): Ramayana Adi Kanda
3. N. Khelchandra Singh (Ed.) : Dhananjoy Laibu Ningba 4. O. Bhogeswar Singh (Ed.) :
Chandrakirti Jila Changba
Section-B
Modern Manipuri Literature :
(a) Poetry and Epic :
(I) Poetry :
(a) Manipuri Sheireng (Pub) Manipuri Sahitya Parishad, 1998 (Ed.) Kh. Chaoba Singh : Pi
Thadoi, Lamgi CheklaAmada, Loktak
Dr. L. Kamal Singh : Nirjanata, Nirab Rajani
A. Minaketan Singh : Kamalda, Nonggumlalkkhoda.
L. Samarendra Singh: Ingagi Nong, Mamang Leikai Thambal Satle
E. Nilakanta Singh : Manipur, Lamangnaba
Shri Biren : Tangkhul Hui
Th. Ibopishak : Anouba Thunglaba Jiba.
(b) Kanchi Sheireng. (Pub) Manipur University 1998 (Ed.) Dr.
L. Kamal Singh : Biswa-Prem
Shri Biren : Chaphadraba Laigi Yen
Th. Ibopishak : Norok Patal Prithivi
(II) Epic :
1. A. Dorendrajit Singh : Kansa Bodha
2. H. Anganghal Singh : Khamba-Thoibi Sheireng(San-Senba, Lei Langba,Shamu Khonggi Bichar) (III)
Drama :
1. S. Lalit Singh : Areppa Marup
2. G.C. Tongbra : Matric Pass
3. A. Samarendra : Judge Saheb ki Imung
(b) Novel, Short-story and Prose :
(I) Novel :
1. Dr. L. Kamal Singh : Madhabi 2. H.
Anganghal Singh : Jahera
3. H. Guno Singh : Laman
4. Pacha Meetei : Imphal Amasung, MagiIshing, Nungsitki Phibam
(II) Short-story :
(a) Kanchi Warimacha (Pub) Manipur University 1997(Ed.)
R.K. Shitaljit Singh : Kamala Kamala
M.K. Binodini : Eigi Thahoudraba HeitupLalu
Kh. Prakash : Wanom Shareng
(b) Parishadki Khangatlaba Warimacha (Pub) Manipuri Sahitya Parishad 1994
(Ed.)
S. Nilbir Shastri : Loukhatpa
R.K. Elangba : Karinunggi
(c) Anouba Manipuri Warimacha (Pub) The Cultural Forum Manipur 1992 (Ed.)
N. Kunjamohon Singh : Ijat Tanba E.
Dinamani : Nongthak Khongnang
(III) Prose :
(a) Warenggi Saklon [Due Part] (Pub) The Cultural Forum Manipur 1992 (Ed.)
Kh. Chaoba Singh : Khamba-Thoibigi WariAmasung Mahakavya
(b) Kanchi Wareng (Pub) Manipur University, 1998 (Ed.)
B. Manisana Shastri : Phajaba
Ch. Manihar Singh : Lai-Haraoba
(c) Apunba Wareng (Pub) Manipur University, 1986 (Ed.)
Ch. Pishak Singh : Samaj Amasung Sanskriti
M.K. Binodini : Thoibidu Warouhouida
Eric Newton : Kalagi Mahousa (translated by I.R. Babu)
(d) Manipuri Wareng (Pub) The Cultural Forum Manipur 1999 (Ed.)
S. Krishnamohan Singh : Lan
MARATHI
PAPER-I
(Answers must be written in Marathi)
Section A
Language and Folk-lore
(a) Nature and Functions of Language (with reference to
Marathi)
Language as a signifying system : Langue and Parole; Basic functions; Poetic Language; Standard
Language and dialect; Language variations according to social parameters.
Linguistic features of Marathi in thirteenth century and seventeenth century.
(b) Dialects of Marathi
Ahirani; Varhadi; Dangi.
(c) Marathi Grammar
Parts of Speech; Case-system; Prayog-vichar (Voice).
(d) Nature and kinds of Folk-lore
(with special reference to Marathi) Lok-Geet,
Lok Katha, Lok Natya.
Section B
(History of Literature and Literary Criticism)
(a) History of Marathi Literature
1. From beginning to 1818 AD, with special reference to the following : The Mahanubhava writers,
the Varkari poets, the Pandit poets, the Shahirs, Bakhar Literature.
2. From 1850 to 1990, with special reference to developments in the following major forms :
Poetry, Fiction (Novel and Short Story), Drama; and major literary currents and movements,
Romantic, Realist, Modernist, Dalit, Gramin, Feminist.
(b) Literary Criticism
1. Nature and function of Literature;
2. Evaluation of Literature;
3. Nature, Objectives and Methods of Criticism; 4. Literature, Culture and Society.
PAPER-II
(Answer must be written in Marathi)
Textual study of prescribed literary works.
The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the
candidate's critical ability.
Section A
(Prose)
(1) ‘Smritisthala’
(2) Mahatma Jotiba Phule
‘‘Shetkaryacha Asud’
‘Sarvajanik Satyadharma’
(3) S.V. Ketkar
‘Brahmankanya’
(4) P.K. Atre
‘Sashtang Namaskar’
(5) Sharchchandra Muktibodh
‘Jana Hey Volatu Jethe’
(6) Uddhav Shelke ‘Shilan’
(7) Baburao Bagul
‘Jevha Mi Jaat Chorli Hoti’
(8) Gouri Deshpande
‘Ekek Paan Galavaya’
(9) P.I. Sonkamble ‘Athavaninche
Pakshi’
Section B
(Poetry)
(1) ‘Namadevanchi Abhangawani’ Ed:

Inamdar, Relekar, Mirajkar
Modern Book Depot, Pune
(2) ‘Painjan’ Ed : M.N. Adwant
Sahitya Prasar Kendra, Nagpur
(3) ‘Damayanti-Swayamvar’By
Raghunath Pandit
(4) ‘Balakvinchi Kavita’ By Balkavi
(5) ‘Vishakha’
By Kusumagraj
(6) ‘Maridgandh’
By Vinda Karandikar
(7) ‘Jahirnama’
By Narayan Surve
(8) ‘Sandhyakalchya Kavita’ By Grace
‘Ya Sattet Jeev Ramat Nahi’ By Namdev Dhasal
NEPALI
PAPER-I
(Answers must be written in Nepali) Section
A
1. History of the origin and development of Nepali as one of the new Indo Aryan
Languages.
2. Fundamentals of Nepali Grammar and phonology :
(i) Nominal forms and categories :—
Gender, Number, Case, Adjectives, Pronouns, Avyayas
(ii) Verbal forms and categories :—
Tense, Aspects, Voice, Roots and Fixes
(iii) Nepali Swara and Vyanjana;
3. Major Dialects of Nepali
4. Standardisation and Modernisation of Nepali with special reference to language
movements (viz. Halanta Bahiskar, Jharrovad etc.)
5. Teaching of Nepali language in India—Its history and development with special
reference to its socio-cultural aspects.
Section B
1. History of Nepali literature with special reference to its development in India.
2. Fundamental concepts and theories of Literature :
Kavya/Sahitya, Kavya Prayojan, Literary genres, Shabda Shakti, Rasa, Alankara, Tragedy,
Comedy, Aesthetics, Stylistics.
3. Major literary trends and movements—
Swachchhandatavad, Yatharthavad, Astitwavad, Ayamik Movement Contemporary Nepali
writings, Postmodernism.
4. Nepali folklores (the following folk-form only)—Sawai, Jhyaurey, Selo, Sangini, Lahari.
PAPER-II
(Answers must be written in Nepali)
This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed below and questions will be
designed to test the candidate's critical acumen.
Section A
1. Santa Jnandil Das Udaya Lahari
2. Lekhnath Poudyal Tarun Tapasi(Vishrams III, V, VI, XII, XV, XVIII only)
3. Agam Sing Giri Jaleko Pratibimba Royeko Pratidhwani (The following Poems only-
Prasawako Chichyahatsanga Byunjheko Ek Raat, Chhorolai, Jaleko
Pratibimba : Royeko Pratidhwani, Hamro Akashmani Pani
Hunchha Ujyalo, Tihar).
4. Haribhakta Katuwal Yo Zinadagi Khai Ke Zindagi : (The following poems only-Jeevan :

Ek Dristi, Yo Zindagi Khai Ke Zindagi, Akashka Tara Ke Tara,
Hamilai Nirdho Nasamjha, Khai Manyata Yahan Atmahutiko
Balidan Ko).
5. Balkrishna Sama Prahlad.
6. Manbahadur Mukhia Andhyaroma Banchneharu (The following One-Act

only-Andhyaroma Banchneharu' ‘Suskera’)
Section B
1. Indra Sundas Sahara.
2. Lilbahadur Chhetri Brahmaputra ko Chheuchhau
3. Rupnarayan Sinha Katha Navaratna (The following stories only—Biteka Kura,

Jimmewari Kasko, Dhanamatiko Cinema—Swapna, Vidhwasta
Jeevan).
4. Indrabahadur Rai Vipana Katipaya (The following stories only—Raatbhari Huri

Chalyo, Jayamaya Aphumatra Lekhapani Aipugi, Bhagi, Ghosh
Babu, Chhutuaiyo).
5. Sanu Lama Katha Sampaad (The following stories only—Swasni Manchhey,

Khani Tarma Ekdin, Phurbale Gaun Chhadyo, Asinapo Manchhey).
6. Laxmi Prasad Laxmi Nibandha DevkotaSangraha (The following essays only—
Sri Ganeshaya Namha, Nepali Sahityako Itihasma Sarvashrestha
Purus, Kalpana, Kala Ra Jeevan, Gadha Buddhiman ki Guru?)
7. Ramkrishna Sharma Das Gorkha (The following essays only—Kavi, Samaj Ra Sahitya,
Sahityama Sapekshata, Sahityik Ruchiko Praudhata, Nepali
Sahityako Pragati).
ODIA
PAPER-I
(Answers must be written in Odia)
Section A
History of Odia Language
(i) Origin and development of Odia Language—Influence of Austric, Dravidian, Perso—
Arabic and English on Odia Language.
(ii) Phonetics and Phonemics : Vowels, Consonants Principles of changes in Odia sounds.
(iii) Morphology : Morphemes (free, bound compound and complex), derivational and
inflectional affixes, case inflection, conjugation of verb.
(iv) Syntax : Kinds of sentences and their trans-formation, structure of sentences.
(v) Semantics—Different types of change in meaning. Euphemism.
(vi) Common errors in spellings, grammatical uses and construction of sentences.
(vii) Regional variations in Odia Language (Western, Southern and Northern Odia) and
Dialects (Bhatri and Desia).
Section B
History of Odia Literature
(i) Historical backgrounds (social, cultural and political) of Odia Literature of different
periods.
(ii) Ancient epics, ornate kavyas and padavalis.
(iii) Typical structural forms of Odia Literature (Koili, Chautisa, Poi, Chaupadi, Champu).
(iv) Modern trends in poetry, drama short story, novel essay and literary criticism.
PAPER-II
(Answers must be written in Odia)
Critical Study of texts—
The paper will require first hand reading of the text and test the critical ability of the candidate.
Section A
Poetry
(Ancient)
1. Sãralã Dãs—Shanti Parva from Mahãbhãrata.
2. Jaganãth Dãs—Bhãgabata, XI Skadhã—Jadu Avadhuta Sambãda.
(Medieval) 3.
Dinakrushna Dãs—Raskallola—(Chhãndas—16 & 34) 4.
Upendra Bhanja—Lãvanyabati (Chhãndas—1 & 2).
(Modern)
5. Rãdhãnath Rãy—Chandrabhãgã.
6. Mãyãdhar Mänasinha—Jeevan—Chitã.
7. Sãtchidananda Routray—Kabitã—1962.
8. Ramãkãnta Ratha—Saptama Ritu.
Section B
Drama :
9. Manoranjan Dãs—Kätha-Ghoda.
10. Bijay Mishra—Tata Niranjanä.
Novel :
11. Fakir Mohan Senãpati—Chhamãna Ãthaguntha.
12. Gopinãth Mohãnty—Dãnãpani.
Short Story :
13. Surendra Mohãnty—Marãlara Mrityu.
14. Manoj Dãs—Laxmira Abhisãra.
Essay :
15. Chittaranjan Dãs—Tranga O Tadit (First Five essays).
16. Chandra Sekhar Rath—Mun Satyadharmã Kahuchhi (First five essays).
PUNJABI
PAPER-I
Answers must be written in Punjabi in Gurumukhi script
Section A
(a) Origin of Punjabi Language; different stages of development and recent development in Punjabi
Language; characteristics of Punjabi phonology and the study of its tones; classification of
vowels and consonants.
(b) Punjabi morphology; the number-gender system (animate and inanimate), prefixes, affixes and
different categories of Post positions; Punjabi word formation; Tatsam. Tad Bhav. forms;
Sentence structure, the notion of subject and object in Punjabi; Noun and verb phrases.
(c) Language and dialect : the notions of dialect and idiolect: major dialects of Punjabi : Pothohari,
Majhi, Doabi, Malwai, Paudhi; the validity of speech variation on the basis of social stratification,
the distinctive features of various dialects with special reference to tones Language and script;
origin and development of Gurumukhi; Suitability of Gurumukhi for Punjabi.
(d) Classical background : Nath Jogi Sahit.
Medieval Literature : Gurmat, Suti, Kissa and Var : janamsakhis.
Section B
(a) Modern trends Mystic, romantic, progressive and neomystic (Vir Singh, Puran Singh, Mohan
Singh, Amrita Pritam, Bawa Balwant, Pritam Singh Safeer, J. S. Neki).
Experimentalist (Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia, Ravinder Ravi, Ajaib Kamal).
Aesthetes (Harbhajan Singh, Tara Singh). Neo-progressive (Pash, Jagtar, Patar).
(b) Folk Literature Folk songs, Folk tales, Riddles, Proverbs.
Epic (Vir Singh, Avtar Singh Azad, Mohan Singh).
Lyric (Gurus, Sufis and Modern Lyricists-Mohan Singh, Amrita Pritam, Shiv Kumar,
Harbhajan Singh).
(c) Drama (I.C. Nanda, Harcharan Singh, Balwant Gargi, S.S. Sekhon, Charan Das Sidhu).
Novel (Vir Singh, Nanak Singh, Jaswant Singh Kanwal, K.S. Duggal, Sukhbir, Gurdial
Singh, Dalip Kaur Tiwana, Swaran Chandan).
Short Story (Sujan Singh, K. S. Virk, Prem Parkash, Waryam Sandhu).
(d) Socio-cultural Sanskrit, Persian and Western. Literary
influences;
Essay (Puran Singh, Teja Singh, Gurbaksh Singh).
Literary Criticism (S.S. Sekhon, Attar Singh, Kishan Singh, Harbhajan Singh, Najam Hussain Sayyad).
PAPER-II
Answers must be written in Punjabi in Gurumukhi script
This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the
candidate’s critical ability.
Section A
(a) Sheikh Farid The complete Bani as includedin the Adi Granth.
(b) Guru Nanak Japu Ji. Baramah. Asa di Var.
(c) Bulleh Shah Kafian
(d) Waris Shah Heer
Section B
(a) Shah Mohammad Jangnama (Jang Singhante Firangian)
Dhani Ram Chatrik Chandan Vari
(Poet) Sufi Khana
Nawan Jahan
(b) Nanak Singh Chitta Lahu
(Novelist) Pavittar Papi
Ek Mian Do Talwaran
(c) Gurbaksh Singh Zindagi-di-Ras
(Essayist) Nawan Shivala
Merian Abhul Yadaan.
Balraj Sahni Mera Roosi Safarnama
(Travelogue) Mera Pakistani Safarnama
(d) Balwant Gargi Loha Kutt
(Dramatist) Dhuni-di-Agg
Sultan Razia Sant Singh
Sekhon Sahityarth
(Critic) Parsidh Punjabi Kavi
Punjabi Kav Shiromani.
SANSKRIT
PAPER-I
There will be three questions as indicated in the Question Paper which must be answered in
Sanskrit. The Remaining questions must be answered either in Sanskrit or in the medium of
examination opted by the candidate.
Section A
1. Significant features of the grammar, with particular stress on Sanjna, Sandhi, Karaka,
Samasa, Kartari and Karmani vacyas (voice usages) (to be answered in Sanskrit).
2.(a) Main characteristics of Vedic Sanskrit language
(b) Prominent feature of classical Sanskrit language
(c) Contribution of Sanskrit to linguistic studies
3. General Knowledge of :— (a)
Literary history of Sanskrit
(b) Principal trends of literary criticism
(c) Ramayana
(d) Mahabharata
(e) The origin and development of literary geners of :
Mahakavya
Rupaka (drama)
Katha
Akhyayika
Campu
Khandakavya
Muktaka Kavya.
Section B
4. Essential of Indian Culture with stress on :
(a) Purusãrthas
(b) Samskãras
(c) Varnãsramavyavasthã
(d) Arts and fine arts
(e) Technical Sciences.
5. Trends of Indian Philosophy
(a) Mïmansã
(b) Vedãnta
(c) Nyaya
(d) Vaisesika
(e) Sãnkhya
(f) Yoga
(g) Bauddha
(h) Jaina
(i) Carvãka
6. Short Essay (in Sanskrit)
7. Unseen passage with the questions (to be answered in Sanskrit).
PAPER-II
Question from Group 4 is to be answered in Sanskrit only. Questions from Groups 1, 2 and 3
are to be answered either in Sanskrit or in the medium opted by the candidate.
Section A
General study of the following groups :—
Group 1 (a) Raghuvamsam—Kalidasa
(b) Kumarasambhavam—Kalidasa
(c) Kiratarjuniyam—Bharavi
(d) Sisupalavadham—Magha
(e) Naisadhiyacaritam—Sriharsa
(f) Kadambari—Banabhatta
(g) Dasakumaracaritam—Dandin
(h) Sivarajyodayam—S.B. Varnekar
Group 2 (a) Isãvãsyopanisad
(b) Bhagavadgitã
(c) Sundarakanda of Valmiki’s
Ramayana
(d) Arthasastra of Kautilya
Group 3 (a) Svapanavasavadattam—Bhasa
(b) Abhijnanasakuntalam—Kalidasa
(c) Mricchakatikam—Sudraka
(d) Mudraraksasam—Visakhadatta
(e) Uttararamacaritam—Bhavbhuti
(f) Ratnavali—Sriharshavardhana
(g) Venisamharam—Bhattanarayana
Group 4 Short notes in Sanskrit on the following :—
(a) Meghadutam—Kalidasa
(b) Nitisatakam—Bhartrhari
(c) Pancatantra— (d) Rajatarangini—Kalhana
(e) Harsacaritam—Banabhatta
(f) Amarukasatakam—Amaruka
(g) (g) Gitagovindam—Jayadeva.
Section B
This section will require first hand reading of the following selected texts :— (Questions from
Groups 1 & 2 are to be answered in Sanskrit only) Questions from Groups 3 and 4 are to be answered
either in Sanskrit or in the Medium opted by the candidate.
Group 1 (a) Raghuvamsam—CantoI, Verses 1 to 10

(b) Kumarasambhavam—Canto I, Verses1 to 10
(c) Kiratarjuniyaue—Canto I, Verses 1 to 10
Group 2 (a) Isavasyopanisad—Verses—1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 15 and 18

(b)
Bhagavatgita II Chapter Verses13 to 25
(c)
Sundarakandam of Valmiki Canto15, Verses 15 to 30 (Geeta
Press
Edition)
Group 3 (a) Meghadutam—Verses 1 to 10

(b) Nitisatakam—Verses 1 to 10 (Edited by D.D. Kosambi Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
Publication)
(c)Kadambari—Sukanasopadesa (only)
Group 4 (a) Svapnavasavadattam Act VI
(b) Abhijnansakuntalam Act IV Verses 15 to 30 (M.R. Kale Edition) (c)
Uttararamacaritam Act I Verses 31 to 47 (M.R. Kale Edition).
SANTHALI
PAPER I
(Answers must be written in Santhali)
Section A
Part I—History of Santhali Language

1. Main Austric Language family, population and distribution.
2. Grammatical structure of Santhali Language.
3. Important character of Santhali Language: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics,
Translation, Lexicography.
4. Impact of other languages of Santhali.
5. Standardization of Santhali Language.
Part II—History of Santhali Literature
1. Literary trend of the following four periods of history of Santhali Literature.
(a) Ancient Literature before 1854.
(b) Missionary period Literature between 1855 to 1889 AD.
(c) Medieval period: Literature between 1890 to 1946 AD.
(d) Modern period : Literature from 1947 AD to till date.
2. Writing tradition in History of Santhali literature.
Section-B
Literary forms—Main characteristics, history and development of following literary forms.
Part I
Folk Literature in Santhali—folk song, folk tale, phrase, idioms puzzles, and Kudum.
Part II
Modern literature in Santhali
1. Development of poetry and prominent poets.
2. Development of prose and prominent writers.
(i) Novels and prominent Novelists.
(ii) Stories and prominent story writers.
(iii) Drama and Prominent Dramatist.
(iv) Criticism and prominent critics.
(v) Essay, sketches, memoirs, travelogues and prominent writers.
Santhali writers
Shyam Sundar Hembram, Pandit Raghunath Murmu, Barha Beshra, Sadhu Ramchand
Murmu, Narayan Soren ‘Toresutam’, Sarda Prasad Kisku, Raghunath Tudu, Kalipada Soren,
Sakla Soren, Digamber Hansda, Aditya Mitra ‘Santhali’, Babulal Murmu ‘Adivasi’, Jadumani
Beshra, Arjun Hembram, Krishna Chandra Tudu, Rupchand Hansda, Kalendra Nath Mandi,
Mahadev, Hansda, Gour Chandra Murmu, Thakur Prasad Murmu, Hara Prasad Murmu, Uday
Nath Majhi, Parimal Hembram, Dhirendra Nath Baske, Shyam Charan Hembram, Damayanti
Beshra, T.K. Rapaj, Boyha Biswanath Tudu.
Part III
Cultural Heritage of Santhali tradition, customs, festival and rituals (birth, marriage and
death).
PAPER II
(Answers must be written in Santhali)
Section A
This paper will require in-depth reading of the following texts and the questions will be designed to
test the candidates’ critical ability.
Ancient Literature :
Prose
(a) Kherwal Bonso Dhorom Puthi—Majhi Ramdas Tudu “Rasika”.
(b) Mare Hapramko Reyak Katha—L.O. Scrafsrud.
(c) Jomsim Binti Lita—Mangal Chandra Turkulumang Soren.
(d) Marang Buru Binti—Kanailal Tudu.
Poetry
(a) Karam Sereng—Nunku Soren.
(b) Devi Dasain Sereng—Manindra Hansda.
(c) Horh Sereng—W.G. Archer.
(d) Baha Sereng—Balaram Tudu.
(e) Dong Sereng—Padmashri Bhagwat Murmu ‘Thakur’.
(f) Hor Sereng—Raghunath Murmu.
(g) Soros Sereng—Babulal Murmu “Adivasi”.
(h) More Sin More Ndia—Rup Chand Hansda.
(i) Judasi Madwa Latar—Tez Narayan Murmu.
Section B
Modern Literature
Part I—Poetry
(a) Onorhen Baha Dhalwak—Paul Jujhar Soren.
(b) Asar Binti—Narayan Soren “Tore Sutam”.
(c) Chand Mala—Gora Chand Tudu.
(d) Onto Baha Mala—Aditya Mitra “Santhali”.
(e) Tiryo Tetang—Hari Har Hansda.
(f) Sisirjon Rar—Thakur Prasad Murmu.
Part II—Novels
(a) Harmawak Ato—R.Karstiars (Translator—R.K. Kisku Rapaz).
(b) Manu Mati—Chandra Mohan Hansda.
(c) Ato Orak—Doman Hansdak.
(d) Ojoy Gada Dhiph re—Nathenial Murmu.
Part III—Stories
(a) Jiyon Gada—Rup Chand Hansda and Jadumani Beshra.
(b) Mayajaal—Doman Sahu ‘Samir’ and Padmashri Bhagwat Murmu ‘Thakur’.
Part IV—Drama
(a) Kherwar Bir—Pandit Raghunath Murmu.
(b) Juri Khatir—Dr. K.C. Tudu.
(c) Birsa Bir—Ravi Lal Tudu.
Part V—Biography (a) Santal Ko Ren Mayam Gohako—Dr. Biswanath Hansda.
SINDHI
PAPER I
Answers must be written in Sindhi
(Arabic or Devanagari Script)

Section A
1.(a) Origin and evolution of Sindhi language—views of different scholars.
(b) Significant linguistic features of Sindhi language, including those pertaining to its phonology,
morphology and syntax.
(c) Major dialects of the Sindhi language.
(d) Sindhi vocabulary—stages of its growth, including those in the pre-partition and
postpartition periods.
(e) Historical study of various Writing Systems (Scripts) of Sindhi.
(f) Changesin the structure of Sindhi language in India, after partition, due to influence of other
languages and social conditions.
Section B
2. Sindhi literature through the ages in context of socio-cultural conditions in the respective periods
:
(a) Early medieval literature upto 1350 A.D. including folk literature.
(b) Late medieval period from 1350 A.D. to 1850 A.D.
(c) Renaissance period from 1850 A.D. to 1947 A.D.
(d) Modern period from 1947 and onwards.
(Literary genres in Modern Sindhi literature andexperiments in poetry, drama, novel, short
story, essay, literary criticism, biography, autobiography, memoirs and travelogues.) PAPER
II
Answer must be written in Sindhi
(Arabic or Devanagari script)
This paper will require the first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test
the candidate’s critical ability.
Section A
References to context and critical appreciation of the texts included in this section.
(1) Poetry
a. ‘‘Shah Jo Choond Shair’’ : ed. H.I. Sadarangani, Published by Sahitya Akademi (First 100
pages).
b. ‘‘Sachal Jo Choond Kalam’’ : ed. Kalyan B. Advani Published by Sahitya Akademi (Kafis only).
c. ‘‘Sami-a-ja Choond Sloka’’ : ed. B.H. Nagrani Published by Sahitya Akademi (First 100 pages).
d. ‘‘Shair-e-Bewas’’ : by Kishinchand Bewas(“Saamoondi Sipoon’’ portion only).
e. ‘‘Roshan Chhanvro’’ : Narayan Shyam.
f. ‘‘Virhange Khapoi je Sindhi Shair jee Choond’’ : ed. H.I. Sadarangani, published by Sahitya
Akademi.
(2) Drama
g. ‘‘Behtareen Sindhi Natak’’ (One-act Plays) : Edited by M. Kamal Published by Gujarat Sindhi
Academy.
h. ‘‘Kako Kaloomal’’ (Full-length Play ) : by Madan Jumani.
Section B
References to context and critical appreciation of the texts included in this section.
a. ‘Pakheeara Valar Khan Vichhrya’ (Novel) : by Gobind Malhi.
b. ‘Sat Deenhan’ (Novel) : by Krishin Khatwani.
c. ‘Choond Sindhi Kahanyoon’ (Short Stories) Vol. III. : Edited by Prem Prakash, published by
Sahitya Akademi.
d. ‘Bandhan’ (Short Stories) : Sundari Uttamchandani.
e. ‘Behtareen Sindhi Mazmoon’ (Essays): Edited by Hiro Thakur, published by Gujarat Sindhi
Academi.
f. ‘Sindhi Tanqeed’ (Criticism) : Edited by Harish Vaswani : Published by Sahitya Akademi.
g. ‘Mumhinjee Hayati-a-ja Sona Ropa varqa’ (Autobiography) : by Popati Hiranandani.
h. ‘‘Dr. Choithram Gidwani’’ (Biography) : by Vishnu Sharma.
TAMIL
PAPER I
Answers must be written in Tamil
Section A
Part 1: History of Tamil Language
Major Indian Language Families—The place of Tamil among Indian Languages in general
and Dravidian in particular—Enumeration and Distribution of Dravidian languages.
The language of Sangam Literature—The language of medieval Tamil : Pallava Period only—
Historical study of Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs—Tense markers and case markers in Tamil.
Borrowing of words from other languages into Tamil—Regional and social dialects— difference
between literary and spoken Tamil.
Part 2 : History of Tamil Literature
Tolkappiyam-Sangam Literature—The division of Akam and Puram—The
secular characteristics of Sangam Literature—The development of Ethical literature—
Silappadikaram and Manimekalai.
Part 3 : Devotional Literature (Alwars and Nayanamars)
The bridal mysticism in Alwar hymns—Minor literary forms (Tutu, Ula, Parani, Kuravanji).
Social factors for the development of Modern Tamil Literature; Novel, Short Story and New
Poetry—The impact of various political ideologies on modern writings.
Section B
Part 1 : Recent trends in Tamil Studies
Approaches to criticism : Social, psychological, historical and moralistic—the use of criticism—
the various techniques in literature; Ullurai, Iraicchi, Thonmam (Myth) Otturuvagam (allegory),
Angadam (Satire), Meyappadu, Padimam (image), Kuriyeedu (Symbol), Irunmai (Ambiguity)—The
concept of comparative literature-the principle of comparative literature.
Part 2 : Folk literature in Tamil
Ballads, Songs, proverbs and riddles—Sociological study of Tamil folklore. Uses of translation—
Translation of Tamil works into other languages-Development of journalism in Tamil.
Part 3 : Cultural Heritage of the Tamils
Concept of Love and War—Concept of Aram-the ethical codes adopted by the ancient Tamils in
their warfare-customs beliefs, rituals, modes of worship in the five Thinais.
The Cultural changes as revealed in post sangam literature—cultural fusion in the medieval
period (Janism and Buddhism). The development of arts and architecture through the ages (Pallavas,
later Cholas, and Nayaks). The impact of various political, social, religious and cultural movements on
Tamil Society. The role of mass media in the cultural change of contemporary Tamil society.
PAPER II
Answers must be written in Tamil
The paper will require first-hand reading of the text prescribed and will be designed to test the
critical ability of the candidate.
Section A
Part 1 : Ancient Literature
(1) Kuruntokai (1—25 poems)
(2) Purananuru (182—200 poems)
(3) TirukkuralPorutpal :ArasiyalumAmaichiyalum(from Iraimatchi to Avaianjamai).
Part 2 : Epic Literature
(1) Silappadikaram : Madhurai Kandam only.
(2) Kambaramayanam : Kumbakarunan Vadhai Padalam.
Part 3 : Devotional Literature
(1) Tiruvasagam : Neetthal Vinnappam (2)
Tiruppavai : (Full Text).
Section B
Modern Literature
Part 1 :Poetry
(1) Bharathiar : Kannan Pattu
(2) Bharathidasan : Kudumba Vilakku
(3) Naa. Kamarasan : Karappu Malarkal
Prose
(1) Mu. Varadharajanar : Aramum Arasiyalum
(2) C. N. Annadurai : Ye! Thazhntha Tamilagame.
Part 2 : Novel, Short Story and Drama
(1) Akilon ; Chittairappavai
(2) Jayakanthan : Gurupeedam
(3) Cho : Yaurkkum Vetkamillai
Part 3 : Folk Literature
(1) Muthuppattan kathai Edited by Na. Vanamamalai, (Publication : Madurai Kamaraj
University).
(2) Malaiyaruvi, Edited by Ki. Va Jagannathan (Publication : Saraswathi Mahal, Thanjavur).
TELUGU
PAPER I
Answer must be written in Telugu
Section A : Language
1. Place of Telugu among Dravidian languages and its antiquity—Etymological History of
Telugu,Tenugu and Andhra.
2. Major linguistic changes in phonological, morphological, grammatical and syntactical levels, from
Proto-Dravidian to old Telugu and from old Telugu to Modern Telugu.
3. Evolution of spoken Telugu when compared to classical Telugu-Formal and functional view of
Telugu language.
4. Influence of other languages and its impact on Telugu.
5. Modernization of Telugu language :
(a) Linguistic and literary movements and their role in modernization of Telugu.
(b) Role of media in modernization of Telugu (News-papers, Radio, TV etc.)
(c) Problems of terminology and mechanisms in coining new terms in Telugu in various
discourses including scientific and technical.
6. Dialects of Telugu—Regional and social variations and problems of Standardization.
7. Syntax—Major divisions of Telugu sentences—simple, complex and compound sentences—
Noun and verb predications—Processes of nominalization and relativization—Direct and
indirect reporting-conversion processes.
8. Translation—Problems of translation, cultural, social and idiomatic—
Methods of translation—Approaches to translation—Literary and other kinds of
translation—Various uses of translation.
Section B : Literature
1. Literature in Pre-Nannaya Period—Marga and Desi poetry.
2. Nannaya Period—Historical and literary background of Andhra Mahabharata.
3. Saiva poets and their contribution—Dwipada, Sataka, Ragada, Udaharana.
4. Tikkana and his place in Telugu literature.
5. Errana and his literary works—Nachana Somana and his new approach to poetry.
6. Srinatha and Potana—Their works and contribution.
7. Bhakti poets in Telugu literature—Tallapaka Annamayya, ramadasu, tyagayya.
8. Evolution of prabandhas—Kavya and prabandha.
9. Southern school of Telugu literature-raghunatha Nayaka, chemakura vankatakavi and
women poets-Literary forms like yakshagana, prose and padakavita.
10. Modern Telugu Literature and literary forms—Novel, Short Story, Drama, Playlet and poetic
forms.
11. Literary Movements : Reformation, Nationalism, Neo-classisicism, Romanticism and
Progressive, Revolutionary movements.
12. Digambarakavulu, feminist and dalit Literature.
13. Main divisions of folk literature—Performing folk arts.
PAPER II
Answer must be written in Telugu
This paper will require first hand reading of the prescribed texts and will be designed to test the
candidate’s critical ability, which will be in relation to the following approaches :—
(i) Aesthetic approach—Rassa, Dhawani, Vakroti and Auchitya—Formal and Structural-
Imagery and Symbolism.
(ii) Sociological, Historical, Ideological, Psychological approaches.
Section A
1. Nannaya-Dushyanta Chritra (Adiparva 4th Canto verses 5—109).
2. Tikkana-Sri Krishna Rayabaramu (Udyoga parva-3rd Canto verses 1—144).
3. Srinath-Guna Nidhi Katha (Kasikhandam, 4th Canto, verses 76—133).
4. Pingali Surana-sugatri Salinulakatha (Kalapurno-dayamu 4 Canto verses, 60—142).
5. Molla-Ramayanamu (Balakanda including avatarika).
6. Kasula Purushothama Kavi—Andhra Nayaka Satakamu.
Section B
7. Gurajada Appa Rao—Animutyalu (Short stories).
8. Viswanatha Satyanarayana—Andhra prasasti.
9. Devulapalli Krishna Sastry—Krishnapaksham (excluding Uravsi and Pravasam).
10. Sri Sri-Maha prastanam.
11. Jashuva-Gabbilam (Part I).
12. C. Narayana Reddy—Karpuravasanta rayalu.
13. Kanuparti Varalakshmamma—Sarada lekhalu (Part I).
14. Atreya—N.G.O.
15. Racha Konda Viswanatha Sastry—Alpajaeevi.
URDU
PAPER I
Answer must be written in Urdu
Section A
Development of Urdu Language
(a) Development of Indo-Aryan
(i) Old Indo-Aryan (ii) Middle Indo-Aryan (iii) New Indo-Aryan.
(b) Western Hindi and its dialects Brij Bhasha Khadi Boli, Haryanavi, Kannauji, Bundeli—Theories
about the origin of Urdu language.
(c) Dakhani Urdu—origin and development, its significant linguistic features.
(d) Social and Cultural roots of Urdu language— and its distinctive features.
Script, Phonology, Morphology, Vocabulary.
Section B
(a) Genres and their development :

(i) Poetry: Ghazal, Masnavi, Qasida, Marsia, Rubai Jadid Nazm.
(ii) Prose : Novel, Short Story, Dastan, Drama, Inshaiya, Khutoot, Biography.
(b) Significant feaures of : (i) Deccani, Delhi and Lucknow schools, (ii) Sir Syed movement,
Romantic movement, Progressive movement, Modernism.
(c) Literary Criticism and its development with reference to Hali, Shibli, Kaleemuddin Ahmad,
Ehtisham Hussain, Ale-Ahmad Suroor. (d) Essay writing (covering literary and
imaginativetopics).
PAPER II
Answer must be written in Urdu
This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the
candidate's critical ability.
Section A
1. Mir Amman Bagho-Babar
2. Ghalib Intikhab-e-Khutoot-e Ghalib
3. Mohd. Husain Azad Nairang-e-Khayal
4. Prem Chand Godan
5. Rajendra Singh Bedi Apne Dukh Mujhe Dedo
6. Abul Kalam Azad Ghubar-e-Khatir

Section B
1. Mir Intikhab-e-Kalam-e-Mir (Ed. Abdul Haq.)

2. Mir Hasan Sahrul Bayan
3. Ghalib Diwan-e-Ghalib
4. Iqbal Bal-e-Jibrail
5. Firaq Gul-e-Naghma
6. Faiz Dast-e-Saba
7. Akhtruliman Bint-e-Lamhat
MANAGEMENT
The candidate should make a study of the concept of development of Management as science and
art drawing upon the contributions of leading thinkers of management and apply the concepts to the
real life of government and business decision-making keeping in view the changes in the strategic and
operative environment.
PAPER I
1. Managerial Function and Process :

Concept and foundations of management, Evolution of Management Thoughts; Managerial
Functions—Planning, Organizing, Controlling; Decision-making; Role of Manager, Managerial skills;
Entrepreneurship; Management of innovation; Managing in a global environment, Flexible Systems
Management; Social responsibility and managerial ethics; Process and customer orientation;
Managerial processes on direct and indirect value chain.
2. Organisational Behaviour and Design :

Conceptual model of organization behaviour; The individual processes—personality, values and
attitude, perception, motivation, learning and reinforcement, work stress and stress management;
The dynamics of Organization behaviour—power and politics, conflict and negotiation, leadership
process and styles, communication; The Organizational Processes— decision-making, job design;
Classical, Neoclassical and Contingency approaches to organizational design; Organizational theory
and design—Organizational culture, managing cultural diversity, learning Organization;
Organizational change and development; Knowledge Based Enterprise—systems and processes;
Networked and virtual organizations.
3. Human Resource Management :

HR challenges; HRM functions; The future challenges of HRM; Strategic Management of human
resources; Human resource planning; Job analysis; Job evaluation, Recruitment and selection;
Training and development; Promotion and transfer; Performance management; Compensation
management and bnenefits; Employee morale and productivity; Management of Organizational
climate and Industrial relations; Human resources accounting and audit; Human resource
information system; International human resource management.
4. Accounting for Managers :

Financial accounting—concept, importance and scope, generally accepted accounting principles,
preparation of financial statements with special reference to analysis of a balance sheet and
measurment of business income, inventory valuation and depreciation, financial statement analysis,
fund flow analysis, the statement of cash flows; Management accounting concept, need, imporance
and scope; Cost accounting—records and processes, cost ledger and control accounts, reconciliation
and integration bwtween financial and cost accounts; Overhead cost and control, Job and process
costing, Budget and budgetary control, Performance budgeting, Zero-base budgeting, relevant
costing and costing for decision-making, standard costing and variance analysis, marginal costing
and absorption costing.
Goal of Finance Function. Concepts of value and return. Valuation of bonds and Shares;
Management of working capital : Estimation and Financing; Management of cash, receivables,
inventory and current liabilities; Cost of capital ; Capital budgeting; Financial and operating leverage;
Design of capital structure: theories and practices; Shareholder value creation: dividend policy,
corporate financial policy and strategy, management of corporate distress and restructuring
strategy; Capital and money markets: institutions and instruments; Leasing hire purchase and
venture capital; Regulation of capital market; Risk and return: portfolio theory; CAPM; APT; Financial
derivatives: option, futures, swap; Recent reforms in financial sector.
6. Marketing Management :
Concept, evolution and scope; Marketing strategy formulation and components of marketing
plan; Segmenting and targeting the market; Positioning and differentiating the market offering;
Analyzing competition; Analyzing consumer markets; Industrial buyer behaviour; Market research;
Product strategy; Pricing strategies; Designing and managing Marketing channels; Integrated
marketing communications; Building customer staisfaction, Value and retention; Services and non-
profit marketing; Ethics in marketing; Consumer protection; Internet marketing; Retail management;
Customer relationship management; Concept of holistic marketing.
PAPER-II
1. Quantitative Techniques in Decision-making :
Descriptive statistics—tabular, graphical and numerical methods, introduction to probability,
discrete and continuous probability distributions, inferential statistics-sampling distributions,
central limit theorem, hypothesis testing for differences between means and proportions, inference
about population variances, Chisquare and ANOVA, simple correlation and regression, time series
and forecasting, decision theory, index numbers; Linear programming—problem formulation,
simplex method and graphical solution, sensitivity analysis.
2. Production and Operations Management :
Fundamentals of operations management; Organizing for production; Aggregate production
planning, capacity planning, plant design: process planning, plant size and scale of operations,
Management of facilities; Line balancing; Equipment replacement and maintenance; Production
control; Supply, chain management—vendor evaluation and audit; Quality management; Statistical
process control, Six Sigma; Flexibility and agility in manufacturing systems; World class
manufaturing; Project management concepts, R&D management, Management of service operations;
Role and importance of materials management, value analysis, make or buy decision; Inventory
control, MRP; Waste management.
3. Management Information System :
Conceptual foundations of information systems; Information theory; Information resource
management; Types of information Systems; Systems Development—Overview of Systems and
Design; System Development management life-cycle, Designing online and distributed environments;
Implementation and control of project; Trends in information technology; Managing data
resources—Organising data. DSS and RDBMS; Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Expert systems,
e-Business architecture, e-Governance; Information systems planning, Flexibility in information
systems; User involvement; Evaluation of information systems.
4. Government Business Interface :
State participation in business, Interaction between Government, Business and different
Chambers of Commerce and Industry in India; Government’s ploicy with regard to Small Scale
Industries; Government clearances for establishing a new enterprise; Public Distribution System;
Government control over price and distribution; Consumer Protection Act (CPA) and The Role of
Voluntary Organizations in protecting consumers’ rights; New Industrial Policy of the Government :
liberalization, deregulation and privatisation; Indian planning system; Government policy
concerning development of Backward areas/regions; The Responsibilities of the business as well as
the Government to protect the environment; Corporate Governance; Cyber Laws.
5. Strategic Cost Management :
Business policy as a field of study; Nature and scope of strategic management, Strategic intent,
vision, objectives and policies; Process of strategic planning and implementa-tion; Environmental
analysis and internal analysis; SWOT analysis; Tools and techniques for strategic analysis—Impact
matrix: The experience curve, BCG matrix, GEC mode, Industry analysis, Concept of value chain;
Strategic profile of a firm; Framework for analysing competition; Competitive advantage of a firm;
Generic competitive strategies; Growth strategies—expansion, integration and diversification;
Concept of core competence, Strategic flexibility; Reinventing strategy; Strategy and structure; chief
Executive and Board; turnaround management; Management of strategic change; Strategic alliances,
Mergers and Acquisitions; Strategy and corporate evolution in the Indian context.
6. International Business :
International Business Environment : Changing composition of trade in goods and services;
India’s Foreign Trade: Policy and trends; Financing of International trade; Regional Economic
Cooperation; FTAs; Internationalisation of service firms; International production; Operation
Management in International companies; International Taxation; Global competitiveness and
technological developments; Global E-Business; Designing global organisational structure and
control; Multicultural management; Global business strategy; Global marketing strategies; Export
Management; Export-Import procedures; Joint Ventures; Foreign Investment: Foreign direct
investment and foreign portfolio investment; Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions; Foreign
Exchange Risk Exposure Management; World Financial Markets and International Banking; External
Debt Management; Country Risk Analysis.
MATHEMATICS
PAPER I
(1) Linear Algebra :
Vector spaces over R and C, linear dependence and independence, subspaces, bases, dimensions,
Linear transformations, rank and nullity, matrix of a linear transformation.
Algebra of Matrices; Row and column reduction, Echelon form, congruence’s and similarity;
Rankof a matrix; Inverse of a matrix; Solution of system of linear equations; Eigenvalues and
eigenvectors, characteristic polynomial, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, Symmetric, skew-symmetric,
Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, orthogonal and unitary matrices and their eigenvalues.
(2) Calculus :
Real numbers, functions of a real variable, limits, continuity, differentiability, mean-value
theorem, Taylor’s theorem with remainders, indeterminate forms, maxima and minima, asymptotes;
Curve tracing; Functions of two or three variables; Limits, continuity, partial derivatives, maxima and
minima, Lagrange’s method of multipliers, Jacobian.
Riemann’s definition of definite integrals; Indefinite integrals; Infinite and improper integral;
Double and triple integrals (evaluation techniques only); Areas, surface and volumes.
(3) Analytic Geometry :
Cartesian and polar coordinates in three dimensions, second degree equations in three
variables, reduction to Canonical forms; straight lines, shortest distance between two skew lines,
Plane, sphere, cone, cylinder, paraboloid, ellipsoid, hyperboloid of one and two sheets and their
properties.
(4) Ordinary Differential Equations :
Formulation of differential equations; Equations of first order and first degree, integrating
factor; Orthogonal trajectory; Equations of first order but not of first degree, Clairaut’s equation,
singular solution.
Second and higher order liner equations with constant coefficients, complementary function,
particular integral and general solution.
Section order linear equations with variable coefficients, Euler-Cauchy equation; Determination
of complete solution when one solution is known using method of variation of parameters.
Laplace and Inverse Laplace transforms and their properties, Laplace transforms of elementary
functions. Application to initial value problems for 2nd order linear equations with constant
coefficients. (5) Dynamics and Statics :
Rectilinear motion, simple harmonic motion, motion in a plane, projectiles; Constrained motion;
Work and energy, conservation of energy; Kepler’s laws, orbits under central forces.
Equilibrium of a system of particles; Work and potential energy, friction, Common catenary;
Principle of virtual work; Stability of equilibrium, equilibrium of forces in three dimensions.
(6) Vector Analysis :
Scalar and vector fields, differentiation of vector field of a scalar variable; Gradient, divergence
and curl in cartesian and cylindrical coordinates; Higher order derivatives; Vector identities and
vector equation.
Application to geometry : Curves in space, curvature and torsion; Serret-Furenet's formulae.
Gauss and Stokes’ theorems, Green's indentities.
PAPER II
(1) Algebra :
Groups, subgroups, cyclic groups, cosets, Lagrange’s Theorem, normal subgroups, quotient
groups, homomorphism of groups, basic isomorphism theorems, permutation groups, Cayley’s
theorem.
Rings, subrings and ideals, homomorphisms of rings; Integral domains, principal ideal domains,
Euclidean domains and unique factorization domains; Fields, quotient fields.
(2) Real Analysis :
Real number system as an ordered field with least upper bound property; Sequences, limit of a
sequence, Cauchy sequence, completeness of real line; Series and its convergence, absolute and
conditional convergence of series of real and complex terms, rearrangement of series. Continuity and
uniform continuity of functions, properties of continuous functions on compact sets.
Riemann integral, improper integrals; Fundamental theorems of integral calculus.
Uniform convergence, continuity, differentiability and integrability for sequences and series of
functions; Partial derivatives of functions of several (two or three) variables, maxima and minima.
(3) Complex Analysis :
Analytic function, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Cauchy's theorem, Cauchy's integral formula,
power series, representation of an analytic function, Taylor’s series; Singularities; Laurent’s series;
Cauchy’s residue theorem; Contour integration.
(4) Linear Programming :
Linear programming problems, basic solution, basic feasible solution and optimal solution;
Graphical method and simplex method of solutions; Duality.
Transportation and assignment problems.
(5) Partial Differential Equations :
Family of surfaces in three dimensions and formulation of partial differential equations;
Solution of quasilinear partial differential equations of the first order, Cauchy’s method of
characteristics; Linear partial differential equations of the second order with constant coefficients,
canonical form; Equation of a vibrating string, heat equation, Laplace equation and their solutions.
(6) Numerical Analysis and Computer Programming :
Numerical methods: Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations of one variable by
bisection, Regula-Falsi and Newton-Raphson methods, solution of system of linear equations by
Gaussian Elimination and Gauss-Jorden (direct), Gauss-Seidel (iterative) methods. Newton’s
(forward and backward) and interpolation, Lagrange’s interpolation.
Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, Gaussian quadrature formula.
Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations : Eular and Runga Kutta methods.
Computer Programming : Binary system; Arithmetic and logical operations on numbers; Octal
and Hexadecimal Systems; Conversion to and from decimal Systems; Algebra of binary numbers.
Elements of computer systems and concept of memory; Basic logic gates and truth tables,
Boolean algebra, normal forms.
Representation of unsigned integers, signed integers and reals, double precision reals and long
integers.
Algorithms and flow charts for solving numerical analysis problems.
(7) Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics :
Generalised coordinates; D’Alembert’s principle and Lagrange’s equations; Hamilton equations;
Moment of inertia; Motion of rigid bodies in two dimensions.
Equation of continuity; Euler’s equation of motion for inviscid flow; Stream-lines, path of a
particle; Potential flow; Two-dimensional and axisymmetric motion; Sources and sinks, vortex
motion; Navier-Stokes equation for a viscous fluid.
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
PAPER I
1. Mechanics :
1.1 Mechanics of Rigid Bodies :
Equations of equilibrium in space and its application; first and second moments of area; simple
problems on friction; kinematics of particles for plane motion; elementary particle dynamics.
1.2 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies :
Generalized Hooke’s law and its application; design problems on axial stress, shear stress and
bearing stress; material properties for dynamic loading; bending shear and stresses in beams;
determination of principle stresses and strains-analytical and graphical; compound and combined
stresses; bi-axial stresses-thin walled pressure vessel; material behaviour and design factors for
dynamic load; design of circular shafts for bending and torsional load only; deflection of beam for
statically determinate problems; theories of failure.
2. Engineering Materials :
Basic concepts on structure of solids, common ferrous and non-ferrous materials and their
applications; heat-treatment of steels; non-metalsplastics, cermics, composite materials and nano-
materials.
3. Theory of Machines :
Kinematic and dynamic analysis of plane mechanisms. Cams, Gears and empicyclie gear trains,
flywheels, governors, balancing of rigid rotors, balancing of single and multicy- linder engines, linear
vibration analysis of mechanical systems (single degree of freedom), Critical speeds and whirling of
shafts.
4. Manufacturing Science :
4.1 Manufacturing Process:
Machine tool engineering - Merhant’s force analysis: Taylor’s tool life equation; conventional
machining; NC and CNC machining process; jigs and fixtures.
Non-conventional machining-EDM, ECM, ultrasonic, water jet machining etc.; application of
lasers and plasmas; energy rate calculations.
Forming and welding processes-standard processes.
Metrology-concept of fits and tolerances; tools and guages; comparators; inspection of length;
position; profile and surface finish.
4.2 Manufacturing Management :
System design: factory location—simple OR models; plant layout-methods based; applications of
engineering economic analysis and break-even analysis for product selection, process selection and
capacity planning; predetermined time standards.
System planning; forecasting methods based on regression and decomposition, design and
blancing of multi model and stochastic assembly lines; inventory management-probablistic inventory
models for order time and order quanitity determination; JIT systems; strategic sourcing; managing
inter plant logistics.
System operations and control: Scheduling algorithms for job shops; applications of statistical
methods for product and process quality control applications of control charts for mean, range,
percent defective, number of defectives and defects per unit; quality cost systems; management of
resources, organizations and risks in projects.
System improvement: Implementation of systems, such as total quality management,
developing and managing flexible, lean and agile Organizations.
PAPER II
1. Thermodynamics, Gas Dynamics Turbine :
1.1 Basic concept of First-law and Second law of Thermodynamics; concept of
entropy and reversibility; availability and unavailability and irreversibility.
1.2 Classification and properties of fluids; incompressible and compressible fluids
flows; effect of Mach number and compressibility; continuity momentum and energy
equations; normal and oblique shocks; one dimensional isentropic flow; flow or fluids in duct
with frictions that transfer.
1.3 Flow through fans, blowers and compressors; axial and centrifugal flow
configuration; design of fans and compressors; single problems compresses and turbine
cascade; open and closed cycle gas turbines; work done in the gas turbine; reheat and
regenerators.
2. Heat Transfer :
2.1 Conduction heat transfer—general conduction equation-Laplace, Poisson and
Fourier equations; Fourier law of conduction; one dimensional steady state heat conduction
applied to simple wall, solid and hollow cylinder and spheres.
2.2 Convection heat transfer—Newton’s law of convection; free and forces
convection; heat transfer during laminar and turbulent flow of an incompressible fluid over a
flat plate; concepts of Nusselt number, hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer their
thickness; Prandtl number; analogy between heat and momentum transfer—Reynolds,
Colbum, Prandtl analogies; heat transfer during laminar and turbulent flow through
horizontal tubes; free convection from horizontal and vertical plates.
2.3 Black body radiation—basic radiation laws such as Stefan-boltzman, Planck
distribution, Wein’s displacement etc.
2.4 Basic heat exchanger analysis; classification of heat exchangers.
3. Engines :
3.1 Classification, themodynamic cycles of operation; determination of break
power, indicated power, mechanical efficiency, heat balance sheet, interpretation of
performance characteristics, petrol, gas and diesel engines.
3.2 Combustion in SI and CI engines, normal and abnormal combustion; effect of
working parameters on knocking, reduction of knocking; Forms of combustion chamber for
SI and CI engines; rating of fuels; additives; emission.
3.3 Different systems of IC engines-fuels; lubricating; cooling and transmission
systems.
Alternate fuels in IC engines.
4. Steam Engineering :
4.1 Steam generation—modified Ranking cycle analysis; Modern steam boilers;
steam at critical and supercritical pressures; draught equipment; natural and artificial
draught; boiler fuels solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Steam turbines—Principle; types;
compounding; impulse and reaction turbines; axial thrust.
4.2 Steam nozzles—flow of steam in convergent and divergent nozzle pressure at
throat for maximum discharge with different initial steam conditions such as wet, saturated
and superheated, effect of variation of back pressure; supersaturated flow of steam in
nozzles, Wilson line.
4.3 Rankine cycle with internal and external irreversibility; reheat factor; reheating
and regeneration, methods of governing; back pressure and pass out turbines.
4.4 Steam power plants—combined cycle power generation; heat recovery steam
generators (HRSG) fired and unfired, co-generation plants.
5. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning :
5.1 Vapour compression refrigeration cycle—cycle on p-H & T-s diagrams;
ecofriendly refrigerants—R 134a. 123; Systems like evaporators, condensers, compressor,
expansion devices. Simple vapour absorption systems.
5.2 Psychrometry—properties; processes; charts; sensible heating and cooling;
humidification and dehumidification effective temperature; air-conditioning load calculation;
simple duct design.
MEDICAL SCIENCE
PAPER I
1. Human Anatomy :
Applied anatomy including blood and nerve supply of upper and lower limbs and joints of
shoulder, hip and knee.
Gross anatomy, blood supply and lymphatic drainage of tongue, thyroid, mammary gland,
stomach, liver, prostate, gonads and uterus.
Applied anatomy of diaphragm, perineum and inguinal region.
Clinical anatomy of kidney, urinary bladder, uterine tubes, vas deferens.
Embryology : Placenta and placental barrier. Development of heart, gut, kidney. uterus, ovary,
testis and their common congenital abnormalities.
Central and Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System : Gross and clinical anatomy of ventricles
of brain, circulation of cerebrospinal fluid; Neural pathways and lesions of cutaneous sensations,
hearing and vision; Cranial nerves distribution and clinical significance; Components of autonomic
nervous system.
2. Human Physiology :
Conduction and transmission of impulse, mechanism of contraction, neuromuscular
transmission, reflexes, control of equilibrium, posture and muscle tone, descending pathways,
functions of cerebellum, basal ganglia, Physiology of sleep and consciousness.
Endocrine System : Mechanism of action of hormones; formation, secretion, transport,
metabolism, function and regulation of secretion of pancreas and pituitary gland.
Physiology of Reproductive System : Pregnancy menstrual cycle, lactation, pregnancy.
Blood : Development, regulation and fate of blood cells.
Cardio-vascular,cardiac output, blood pressure, regulation of cardiovascular functions.
3. Biochemistry :
Organ function tests—liver, kidney, thyroid Protein synthesis.
Vitamins and minerals.
Restriction fragment
length. polymorphism
(RFLP).
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Radio-immunoassays (RIA).
4. Pathology :
Inflammation and repair, disturbances of growth and cancer, Pathogenesis and histopathology of
rheumatic and ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus. Differentiation between benign,
malignant, primary and metastatic malignancies, Pathogenesis and histopathology of bronchogenic
carcinoma, carcinoma breast, oral cancer, cancer cervix, leukemia, Etiology, pathogenesis and
histopathology of—cirrhosis liver, glomerulonephritis, tuberculosis, acute osteomyelitis.
5. Microbiology :
Humoral and cell mediated immunity.
Diseases caused by and laboratory diagnosis of —
* Meningococcus, Saimonella
* Shigella, Herpes, Dengue, Polio
* HIV/AIDS, Malaria, E. Histolytica, Giardia * Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus.
6. Pharmacology :
Mechanism of action and side effects of the following drugs :
* Antipyretics and analgesics, Antibiotics,
* Antimalaria, Antikala-azar, Antidiabetics,
* Antihypertensive, Antidiuretics, General and cardiac vasodilators, Antiviral, Antiparasitic,
Antifungal, Immunosuppressants, * Anticancer.
7. Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Forensic examination of injuries and wounds; Examination of blood and seminal stains;
Poisoning, sedative overdose, hanging, drowning, burns, DNA and finger print study.
PAPER-II
1. General Medicine
Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management (including prevention) of—
Typhoid, Rabies, AIDS, Dengue, Kala-azar, Japanese Encephalitis.
Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management of :
Ischaemic heart disease, pulmonary embolism.
Bronchial asthma.
Pleural effusion, tuberculosis, Malabsorption syndromes; acid peptic diseases, Viral hepatitis
and cirrhosis of liver.
Glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, renovascular
hypertension, complications of diabetes mellitus, coagulation disorders, leukaemia, Hypo and hyper
thyrodism, meningitis and encephalitis.
Imaging in medical problems, ultrasound, echo- cardiogram, CT scan, MRI.
Anxiety and Depressive Psychosis and schizophrenia and ECT.
2. Paediatrics
Immunization, Baby friendly hospital, congenital cyanotic heart disease, respiratory distress
syndrome, broncho— pneumonias, kernicterus. IMNCI classification and management, PEM grading
and management. ARI and Diarrhea of under five and their management.
3. Dermatology
Psoriasis, Allergic dermatitis, scabies, eczema, vitiligo, Stevan Johnson’s syndrome, Lichen
Planus.
4. General Surgery
Clinical features, causes, diagnosis and principles of management of cleft palate, harelip.
Laryngeal tumour, oral and esophageal tumours.
Peripheral arterial diseases, varicose veins, coarctation of aorta.
Tumours of Thyroid, Adrenal, Glands.
Abscess cancer, fibroadenoma and adenosis of breast.
Bleeding peptic ulcer, tuberculosis of bowel, ulcerative colitis, cancer stomach.
Renal mass, cancer prostatie.
Haemothorax, stones of Gall bladder, Kidney, Ureter and Urinary Bladder.
Management of surgical conditions of Rectum, Anus and Anal canal, Gall bladder and Bile ducts.
Splenomegaly, cholecystitis, portal hypertension, liver abscess, peritonitis, carcinoma head of
pancreas.
Fractures of spine, Colles’ fracture and bone tumors.
Endoscopy.
Laprascopic Surgery.
5. Obstetrics and Gynaecology including Family Planning
Diagnosis of pregnancy.
Labour management, complications of 3rd stage, Antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage,
resuscitation of the newborn, Management of abnormal life and difficult labour. Management of
small for date or premature newborn.
Diagnosis and management of anemia. Preeclampsia and Toxaemias of pregnancy, Management
of Post- menopausal Syndrome.
Intra-uterine devices, pills, tubectomy and vasectomy. Medical termination of pregnancy
including legal aspects.
Cancer cervix.
Leucorrhoea, pelvic pain; infertility, dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), amenorrhoea,
Fibroid and prolapse of uterus.
6. Community Medicine (Preventive and Social Medicine)
Principles, methods approach and measurements of Epidemiology.
Nutrition, nutritional diseases/diorders and Nutrition Programmes.
Health information Collection, Analysis and Presentation.
Objectives, components and critical analysis of National
programmes for control/eradication of :
Malaria, Kala-azar, Filaria and Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS,
STDs and Dengue.
Critical appraisal of Health care delivery system.
Health management and administration; Techniques, Tools, Programme Implementation and
Evaluation.
Objectives, Components, Goals and Status of Reproductive and Child Health, National Rural
Health Mission and Millennium Development Goals.
Management of hospital and industrial waste.
PHILOSOPHY
PAPER-I
History and Problems of Philosophy

1. Plato and Aristotle : Ideas; Substance; Form and Matter; Causation; Actuality and Potentiality.
2. Rationalism (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz); Cartesian Method and Certain Knowledge;
Substance; God; Mind-Body Dualism; Determinism and Freedom.
3. Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume) : Theory of Knowledge; Substance and Qualities; Self and
God; Scepticism.
4. Kant: Possibility of Synthetic a priori Judgments; Space and Time; Categories; Ideas of Reason;
Antinomies; Critique of Proofs for the Existence of God.
5. Hegel : Dialectical Method; Absolute Idealism.
6. Moore, Russell and Early Wittgenstein : Defence of Commonsense; Refutation of Idealism;
Logical Atomism; Logical Constructions; Incomplete Symbols; Picture Theory of Meaning;
Sying and Showing.
7. Logical Positivism : Verification Theory of Meaning; Rejection of Metaphysics; Linguistic
Theory of Necessary Propositions.
8. Later Wittgenstein : Meaning and Use; Language-games; Critique of Private Language.
9. Phenomenology (Husserl): Method; Theory of Essences; Avoidance of Psychologism.
10. Existentialism (Kierkegaard, Sarte, Heidegger): Existence and Essence; Choice, Responsibility
and Authentic Existence; Being-in-the-world and Temporality.
11. Quine and Strawson : Critique of Empiricism; Theory of Basic Particulars and Persons.
12. Carvaka : Theory of Knowlegde; Rejection of Transcendent Entities.
13. Jainism : Theory of Reality; Saptabhanginaya; Bondage and Liberation.
14. Schools of Buddhism : Prat Ityasamutpada; Ksanikavada, Nairatmyavada.
15. Nyaya—Vaiesesika : Theory of Categories; Theory of Appearance; Theory of Pramana; Self,
Liberation; God; Proofs for the Existence of God; Theory of Causation; Atomistic Theory of
Creation.
16. Samkhya; Prakrit; Purusa; Causation; Liberation.
17. Yoga; Citta; Cittavrtti; Klesas; Samadhi; Kaivalya.
18. Mimamsa: Theory of Knowlegde.
19. Schools of Vedanta : Brahman; Isvara; Atman; Jiva; Jagat; Maya; Avida; Adhyasa; Moksa;
Aprthaksiddhi; Pancavidhabheda.
20. Aurobindo: Evolution, Involution; Integral Yoga.
PAPER-II
Socio-Political Philosophy
1. Social and Political ldeals : Equality, Justice, Liberty.
2. Sovereignty : Austin, Bodin, Laski, Kautilya.
3. Individual and State : Rights; Duties and Accountability.
4. Forms of Government : Monarchy; Theocracy and Democracy.
5. Political Ideologies: Anarchism; Marxism and Socialism.
6. Humanism; Secularism; Multi-culturalism.
7. Crime and Punishment : Corruption, Mass Violence, Genocide, Capital Punishment.
8. Development and Social Progress.
9. Gender Discrimination : Female Foeticide, Land and Property Rights; Empowerment.
10. Caste Discrimination : Gandhi and Ambedkar.
Philosophy of Religion
1. Notions of God : Attributes; Relation to Man and the World. (Indian and Western).
2. Proofs for the Existence of God and their Critique (Indian and Western).
3. Problem of Evil.
4. Soul : Immortality; Rebirth and Liberation.
5. Reason, Revelation and Faith.
6. Religious Experience : Nature and Object (Indian and Western).
7. Religion without God.
8. Religion and Morality.
9. Religious Pluralism and the Problem of Absolute Truth.
10. Nature of Religious Language : Analogical and Symbolic; Cognitivist and Non-cognitive.
PHYSICS
PAPER-I
1. (a) Mechanics of Particles :

Laws of motion; conservation of energy and momentum, applications to rotating frames,
centripetal and Coriolis accelerations; Motion under a central force; Conservation of angular
momentum, Kepler’s laws; Fields and potentials; Gravitational field and potential due to spherical
bodies, Gauss and Poisson equations, gravitational self-energy; Two-body problem; Reduced mass;
Rutherford scattering; Centre of mass and laboratory reference frames.
(b) Mechanics of Rigid Bodies :
System of particles; Centre of mass, angular momentum, equations of motion; Conservation
theorems for energy, momentum and angular momentum; Elastic and inelastic collisions; Rigid Body;
Degrees of freedom, Euler’s theorem, angular velocity, angular momentum, moments of inertia,
theorems of parallel and perpendicular axes, equation of motion for rotation; Molecular rotations (as
rigid bodies); Di and tri-atomic molecules; Precessional motion; top, gyroscope.
(c) Mechanics of Continuous Media :
Elasticity, Hooke’s law and elastic constants of isotropic solids and their inter-relation;
Streamline (Laminar) flow, viscosity, Poiseuille’s equation, Bernoulli’s equation, Stokes’ law and
applications.
(d) Special Relativity :
Michelson-Morely experiment and its implications; Lorentz transformations length contraction,
time dilation, addition of relativistic velocities, aberration and Doppler effect, massenergy relation,
simple applications to a decay process. Four dimensional momentum vector; Covariance of equations
of physics.
2. Waves and Optics :
(a) Waves :
Simple harmonic motion, damped oscillation, forced oscillation and resonance; Beats; Stationary
waves in a string; Pulses and wave packets; Phase and group velocities; Reflection and refraction
from Huygens’ principle.
(b) Geometrial Optics :
Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat’s principle; Matrix method in paraxial opticthin
lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses, chromatic and spherical aberrations.
(c) Interference :
Interference of light -Young’s experiment, Newton’s rings, interference by thin films, Michelson
interferometer; Multiple beam interference and Fabry Perot interferometer.
(d) Diffraction :
Fraunhofer diffraction - single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving power; Diffraction
by a circular aperture and the Airy pattern; Fresnel diffraction: half-period zones and zone plates,
circular aperture.
(e) Polarisation and Modern Optics :
Production and detection of linearly and circularly polarized light; Double refraction, quarter
wave plate; Optical activity; Principles of fibre optics, attenuation; Pulse dispersion in step index and
parabolic index fibres; Material dispersion, single mode fibers; Lasers-Einstein A and B coefficients.
Ruby and He-Ne lasers. Characteristics of laser light-spatial and temporal coherence; Focusing of
laser beams. Three-level scheme for laser operation; Holography and simple applications.
3. Electricity and Magnetism :
(a) Electrostatics and Magnetostatics :
Laplace and Poisson equations in electrostatics and their applications; Energy of a system of
charges, multipole expansion of scalar potential; Method of images and its applications. Potential and
field due to a dipole, force and torque on a dipole in an external field; Dielectrics, polarisation.
Solutions to boundary-value problems-conducting and dielectric spheres in a uniform electric field;
Magnetic shell, uniformly magnetised sphere; Ferromagnetic materials, hysteresis, energy loss.
(b) Current Electricity :
Kirchhoff's laws and their applications. Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law, Lenz’ law.
Self-and mutual- inductances; Mean and rms values in AC circuits; DC and AC circuits with R, L and C
components; Series and parallel resonance; Quality factor; Principle of transformer.
4. Electromagnetic Waves and Blackbody Radiation :
Displacement current and Maxwell’s equations; Wave equations in vacuum, Poynting theorem;
Vector and scalar potentials; Electromagnetic field tensor, covariance of Maxwell’s equations; Wave
equations in isotropic dielectrics, reflection and refraction at the boundary of two dielectrics;
Fresnel’s relations; Total internal reflection; Normal and anomalous dispersion; Rayleigh scattering;
Blackbody radiation and Planck ’s radiation law- Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wien’s displacement law and
Rayleigh-Jeans law.
5. Thermal and Statistical Physics :
(a) Thermodynamics :
Laws of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, entropy; Isothermal, adiabatic,
isobaric, isochoric processes and entropy changes; Otto and Diesel engines, Gibbs’ phase rule and
chemical potential; Van der Waals equation of state of a real gas, critical constants; Maxwell-
Boltzmann distribution of molecular velocities, transport phenomena, equipartition and virial
theorems; Dulong-Petit, Einstein, and Debye’s theories of specific heat of solids; Maxwell relations
and application; Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Adiabatic demagnetisation, Joule-Kelvin effect and
liquefaction of gases.
(b) Statistical Physics :
Macro and micro states, statistical distributions, Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-
Dirac Distributions, applications to specific heat of gases and blackbody radiation; Concept of
negative temperatures.
PAPER-II
1. Quantum Mechanics :
Wave-particle duality; Schroedinger equation and expectation values; Uncertainty principle;
Solutions of the one-dimensional Schroedinger equation for free particle (Gaussian wave-packet),
particle in a box, particle in a finite well, linear harmonic oscillator; Reflection and transmission by a
step potential and by a rectangular barrier; Particle in a three dimensional box, density of states, free
electron theory of metals; Angular momentum; Hydrogen atom; Spin half particles, properties of
Pauli spin matrices.
2. Atomic and Molecular Physics :
Stern-Gerlach experiment, electron spin, fine structure of hydrozen atom; L-S coupling, J-J
coupling; Spectroscopic notation of atomic states; Zeeman effect; Franck-Condon principle and
applications; Elementary theory of rotational, vibrational and electronic spectra of diatomic
molecules; Raman effect and molecular structure; Laser Raman spectroscopy; Importance of neutral
hydrogen atom, molecular hydrogen and molecular hydrogen ion in astronomy. Fluorescence and
Phosphorescence; Elementary theory and applications of NMR and EPR; Elementary ideas about
Lamb shift and its significance.
3. Nuclear and Particle Physics :
Basic nuclear properties-size, binding energy, angular momentum, parity, magnetic moment;
Semi-empirical mass formula and applications. Mass parabolas; Ground state of a deuteron, magnetic
moment and non-central forces; Meson theory of nuclear forces; Salient features of nuclear forces;
Shell model of the nucleus - success and limitations; Violation of parity in beta decay; Gamma decay
and internal conversion; Elementary ideas about Mossbauer spectroscopy; Q-value of nuclear
reactions; Nuclear fission and fusion, energy production in stars. Nuclear reactors.
Classification of elementary particles and their interactions; Conservation laws; Quark structure
of hadrons : Field quanta of electroweak and strong interactions; Elementary ideas about unification
of forces; Physics of neutrinos.
4. Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics :
Crystalline and amorphous structure of matter; Different crystal systems, space groups;
Methods of determination of crystal structure; X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron
microscopies; Band theory of solids—conductors, insulators and semi-conductors; Thermal
properties of solids, specific heat, Debye theory; Magnetism: dia, para and ferromagnetism; Elements
of super-conductivity, Meissner effect, Josephson junctions and applications; Elementary ideas about
high temperature super-conductivity.
Intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors- p-n-p and n-p-n transistors; Amplifiers and oscillators.
Op-amps; FET, JFET and MOSFET; Digital electronics-Boolean identities, De Morgan’s laws, Logic
gates and truth tables. Simple logic circuits; Thermistors, solar cells; Fundamentals of
microprocessors and digital computers.
POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

PAPER- I
Political Theory and Indian Politics :
1. Political Theory: meaning and approaches.
2. Theories of state : Liberal, Neo-liberal, Marxist, Pluiralist, post-colonial and Feminist.
3. Justice : Conceptions of justice with special reference to Rawl’s theory of justice and its
communitarian critiques.
4. Equality : Social, political and economic; relationship between equality and freedom; Affirmative
action.
5. Rights : Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; Concept of Human Rights.
6. Democracy : Classical and contemporary theories; different models of democracy—
representative, participatory and deliberative.
7. Concept of power : hegemony, ideology and legitimacy.
8. Political Ideologies : Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism, Gandhism and Feminism.
9. Indian Political Thought: Dharamshastra, Arthashastra and Buddhist Traditions; Sir Syed Ahmed
Khan, Sri Aurobindo, M. K. Gandhi, B. R. Ambedkar, M. N. Roy.
10. Western Political Thought : Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, John S. Mill, Marx,
Gramsci, Hannah Arendt.
Indian Government and Politics

1. Indian Nationalism :
(a) Political Strategies of India’s Freedom Struggle : Constitutionalism to mass Satyagraha, Non-
cooperation, Civil Disobedience; Militant and Revolutionary Movements, Peasant and
Workers Movements.
(b) Perspectives on Indian National Movement; Liberal, Socialist and Marxist; Radical Humanist
and Dalit.
2. Making of the Indian Constitution : Legacies of the British rule; different social and political
perspectives.
3. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution : The Preamble, Fundamental Rights and Duties,
Directive Principles; Parliamentary System and Amendment Procedures; Judicial Review and
Basic Structure doctrine.
4. (a) Principal Organs of the Union Government : Envisaged role and actual working of the
Executive, Legislature and Supreme Court.
(b) Principal Organs of the State Government : Envisaged role and actual working of the
Executive, Legislature and High Courts.
5. Grassroots Democracy : Panchayati Raj and Municipal Government; Significance of 73rd and
74th Amendments; Grassroot movements.
6. Statutory Institutions/Commissions : Election Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General,
Finance Commission, Union Public Service Commission, National Commission for Scheduled
Castes, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes, National Commission for Women; National
Human Rights Commission, National Commission for Minorities, National Backward Classes
Commission.
7. Federalism : Constitutional provisions; changing nature of centre-state relations; integrationist
tendencies and regional aspirations; inter-state disputes.
8. Planning and Economic development : Nehruvian and Gandhian perspectives; Role of planning
and public sector; Green Revolution, land reforms and agrarian relations; liberalization and
economic reforms.
9. Caste, Religion and Ethnicity in Indian Politics.
10. Party System : National and regional political parties, ideological and social bases of parties;
Patterns of coalition politics; Pressure groups, trends in electoral behaviour; changing socio-
economic profile of Legislators.
11. Social Movement : Civil liberties and human rights movements; women’s movements;
environmentalist movements.
PAPER-II
Comparative Politics and International Relations
Comparative Political Analysis and International Politics :
1. Comparative Politics : Nature and major approaches; Political economy and political sociology
perspectives; Limitations of the comparative method.
2. State in Comparative Perspective : Characteristics and changing nature of the State in capitalist
and socialist economies, and advanced industrial and developing societies.
3. Politics of Representation and Participation : Political parties, pressure groups and social
movements in advanced industrial and developing societies.
4. Globalisation : Responses from developed and developing societies.
5. Approaches to the Study of International Relations : Idealist, Realist, Marxist, Functionalist and
Systems theory.
6. Key Concepts in International Relations : National interest, security and power; Balance of
power and deterrence; Transational actors and collective security; World capitalist economy
and globalisation.
7. Changing International Political Order :
(a) Rise of super powers; Strategic and ideological Bipolarity, arms race and cold war; Nuclear
threat;
(b) Non-aligned Movement : Aims and achievements.
(c) Collapse of the Soviet Union; Unipolarity and American hegemony; Relevance of
nonalignment in the contemporary world.
8. Evolution of the International Economic System : From Brettonwoods to WTO; Socialist
economies and the CMEA (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance); Third World demand for
new international economic order; Globalisation of the world economy.
9. United Nations : Envisaged role and actual record; Specialized UN agencies—aims and
functioning; need for UN reforms.
10. Regionalisation of World Politics : EU, ASEAN, APEC, AARC, NAFTA.
11. Contemporary Global Concerns : Democracy, human rights, environment, gender justice
terrorism, nuclear proliferation.
India and the World
1. Indian Foreign Policy : Determinants of foreign policy; the institutions of policy-making;
Continuity and change.
2. India’s Contribution to the Non-Alignment Movement Different phases; Current role.
3. India and South Asia :
(a) Regional Co-operation : SAARC-past performance and future prospects.
(b) South Asia as a Free Trade Area.
(c) India’s “Look East” policy.
(d) Impediments to regional co-operation : River water disputes; illegal cross border migration;
Ethnic conflicts and insurgencies; Border disputes.
4. India and the Global South : Relations with Africa and Latin America; Leadership role in the
demand for NIEO and WTO negotiations.
5. India and the Global Centres of Power : USA, EU, Japan, China and Russia.
6. India and the UN System: Role in UN Peace-keeping; Demand for Permanent Seat in the Security
Council.
7. India and the Nuclear Question : Changing perceptions and policy.
8. Recent developments in Indian Foreign Policy : India’s position on the recent crises in
Afghanistan, Iraq and West Asia, growing relations with US and Isreal; Vision of a new world
order.
PSYCHOLOGY
PAPER-I
Foundations of Psychology
1. Introduction : Definition of Psychology; Historical antecedents of Psychology and
trends in the 21st centrury; Psychology and scientific methods; Psychology in relation to other social
sciences and natural sciences; Application of Psychology to societal problems.
2. Methods of Psychology : Types of research : Descriptive, evaluative, diagnostic and
prognostic; Methods of Research : Survey, observation, case-study and experiments; Characteristics
of experimental design and non-experimental designs; quasi-experimental designs; Focussed group
discussions, brain storming, grounded theory approach.
3. Research methods : Major steps in psychological research (problem statement,
hypothesis formulation, research design, sampling, tools of data collection, analysis and
interpretation and report writing); Fundamental versus applied research; Methods of data collection
(interview, observation, questionnaire and case study). Research Designs (Ex-post facto and
experimental). Application of statistical techniques (t-test, two-way ANOVA, correlation and
regression and factor analysis) item response theory.
4. Development of Human Behaviour : Growth and development; Principles of
development, Role of genetic and environmental factors in determining human behaviour; Influence
of cultural factors in socialization; Life span development—Characteristics, development tasks,
promoting psychological well-being across major stages of the life span.
5. Sensation, Attention and Perception : Sensation: concepts of threshold, absolute and
difference thresholds, signal-detection and vigilance; Factors influencing attention including set and
characteristics of stimulus; Definition and concept of perception, biological factors in perception;
Perceptual organization-influence of past experiences, perceptual defence-factor influencing space
and depth perception, size estimation and perceptual readiness; The plasticity of perception;
Extrasensory perception; Culture and perception, Subliminal perception.
6. Learning : Concepts and theories of learning (Behaviourists, Gestaltalist and
Information processing models). The processes of extinction, discrimination and generalisation.
Programmed learning, probability learning, self instructional learning, concepts, types and the
schedules of reinforcement, escape, avoidance and punishment, modelling and social learning.
7. Memory : Encoding and remembering; Shot-term memory, Long-term memory,
Sensory memory, Iconic memory, Echoic memory: The Multistore model, levels of processing;
Organization and Mnemonic techniques to improve memory; Theories of forgetting: decay,
interference and retrieval failure: Metamemory; Amnesia: Anterograde and retrograde.
8. Thinking and Problem Solving : Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; Concept
formation processes; Information processing, Reasoning and problem solving, Facilitating and
hindering factors in problem solving, Methods of problem solving: Creative thinking and fostering
creativity; Factors influencing decision making and judgement; Recent trends.
9. Motivation and Emotion : Psychological and physiological basis of motivation and
emotion; Measurement of motivation and emotion; Effects of motivation and emotion on behaviour;
Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation; Factors influencing intrinsic motivation; Emotional competence
and the related issues.
10. Intelligence and Aptitude : Concept of intelligence and aptitude, Nature and theories
of intelligence-Spearman, Thurstone, Gulford Vernon, Sternberg and J.P. Das; Emotional Intelligence,
Social intelligence, measurement of intelligence and aptitudes, concept of I Q deviation I Q, constancy
of I Q; Measurement of multiple intelligence; Fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence.
11. Personality : Definition and concept of personality; Theories of personality
(psychoanalytical, socio-cultural, interpersonal, developmental, humanistic, behaviouristic, trait and
type approaches); Measurement of personality (projective tests, pencil-paper test); The Indian
approach to personality; Training for personality development; Latest approaches like big 5 factor
theory; The notion of self in different traditions.
12. Attitudes, Values and Interests : Definitions of attitudes, values and interests;
Components of attitudes; Formation and maintenance of attitudes. Measurement of attitudes, values
and interests. Theories of attitude changes, strategies for fostering values. Formation of stereotypes
and prejudices; Changing other’s behaviour, Theories of attribution; Recent trends.
13. Language and Communication : Human language—Properties, structure and
linguistic hierarchy, Language acquisition—predispotion, critical period hypothesis; Theories of
Language development—Skinner and Chomsky; Process and types of communication—effective
commu-nication training.
14. Issues and Perspectives in Modern Contemporary Psychology : Computer
application in the psychological laboratory and psychological testing; Artificial intelligence;
Psychocybernetics; Study of consciousnessleep-wak schedules; dreams, stimulus deprivation,
meditation, hypnotic/drug induced states; Extrasensory perception; Intersensory perception;
Simulation studies.
PAPER-II
Psychology : Issues and applications
1. Psychological Measurement of Individual Differences :
The nature of individual differences. Characteristics and construction of standardized
psychological tests. Types of psychological tests. Use, misuse and limitation of psychological tests.
Ethical issues in the use of psychological tests.
2. Psychological well being and Mental Disorders :
Concept of health-ill health positive health, well being casual factores in Mental disorders
(Anxiety disorders, mood disorders; schizophrenia and delusional disorders; personality disorders,
substance abuse disorders). Factors influencing positive health, well being; lifestyle and quality of
life; Happiness disposition.
3. Therapeutic Approaches :
Psychodynamic therapies. Behaviour therapies. Client centered therapy. Cognitive therapies.
Indigenous therapies (Yoga, Meditation). Biofeedback therapy. Prevention and rehabilitation of the
mentally ill; Fostering mental health.
4. Work Psychology and Organisational Behaviour :
Personnel selection and training. Use of Psychological tests in the industry. Training and human
resource development. Theories of work motivation. Herzberg, Maslow, Adam Equity theory, Porter
and Lawler, Vroom; Leadership and participatory management; Advertising and marketing; Stress
and its management; Ergonomics; consumer psychology; Managerial effectiveness; Transformational
leadersip; Senitivity training; Power and politics in organizations.
5. Application of Psychology to Educational Field :
Psychological principles underlying effective teaching-learning process. Learning styles. Gifted,
retarded, learning disabled and their training. Training for improving memory and better academic
achievement. Personality development and value education. Educational, vocational guidance and
Career counselling. Use of Psychological tests in educational institutions; Effective strategies in
guidance programmes.
6. Community Psychology :
Definition and concept of Community Psychology. Use of small groups in social action. Arousing
Community consciousness and action for handling social problems. Group decision making and
leadership for social change. Effective strategies for social change.
7. Rehabilitation Psychology :
Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention programmes—role of psychologists. Organising of
services for rehabilitation of physically, mentally and socially challenged persons including old
persons. Rehabilitation of persons suffering from substance abuse, juvenile delinquency, criminal
behaviours. Rehabilitation of victims of violence. Rehabilitation of HIV/AIDS victims, the role of
social agencies.
8. Application of Psychology to disadvantaged groups :
The concepts of disadvantaged, deprivation social, physical, cultural and economic
consequences of disadvantaged and deprived groups. Educating and motivating the disadvantaged
towards development; Relative and prolonged deprivation.
9. Psychological problem of social integration :
The concept of social integration. The problem of caste, class, religion and language conflicts and
prejudice. Nature and manifestation of prejudice between the ingroup and outgroup. Casual factors
of such conflicts and prejudices. Psychological strategies for handling the conflicts and prejudices.
Measures to achieve social integration.
10. Application of Psychology in Information Technology and Mass Media :
The present scenario of information technology and the mass media boom and the role of
psychologists. Selection and training of Psychology professionals to work in the field of IT and mass
media. Distance learning through IT and mass media. Entrepreneurship through e-commerce.
Multilevel marketing. Impact of TV and fostering value through IT and mass media. Psychological
consequences of recent developments in Information Technology.
11. Psychology and Economic development :
Achievement motivation and economic development. Characteristics of entrepreneurial
behaviour. Motivating and Training people for entrepreneurship and economic development;
Consumer rights and consumer awareness, Government policies for promotion of entrepreneurship
among youth including women entreprenures.
12. Application of Psychology to environment and related fields :
Environmental Psychology effects of noise, pollution and crowding. Population Psychology :
Psychological consequence of population explosion and high population density. Motivating for small
family norms. Impact of rapid scientific and technological growth on degradation of environment.
13. Application of psychology in other fields :
(a) Military Psychology
Devising psycological tests for defence personnel for use in selection, Training, counseling;
training psychologists to work , with defence personnel in promoting positive health; Human
engineering in defence.
(b) Sports Psychology
Psychological interventions in improving performance of athletes and sports. Persons
participating in Individual and Team Games.
(c) Media influences on pro and anti-social behaviour.
(d) Psychology of Terrorism.
14. Psychology of Gender :
Issues of discrimination, Management of diversity; Glass ceiling effect, Self-fulfilling prophesy,
Women and Indian society.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
PAPER-I
Administration Theory
1. Introduction :
Meaning, scope and significance of Public Administration, Wilson’s vision of Public
Administration, Evolution of the discipline and its present status. New Public Administration, Public
Choice approach; Challenges of liberalization, Privatisation, Globalisation; Good Governance:
concept and application; New Public Management.
2. Administrative Thought :
Scientific Management and Scientific Management movement; Classical Theory; Weber’s
bureaucratic model its critique and post-Weberian Developments; Dynamic Administration (Mary
Parker Follett); Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and others); Functions of the Executive (C.I.
Barnard); Simon’s decision-making theory; Participative Management (R. Likert, C. Argyris, D.
McGregor.)
3. Administrative Behaviour :
Process and techniques of decision-making; Communication; Morale; Motivation Theories
content, process and contemporary; Theories of Leadership: Traditional and Modem:
4. Organisations :
Theories systems, contingency; Structure and forms: Ministries and Departments, Corporations,
Companies; Boards and Commissions; Ad hoc, and advisory bodies; Headquarters and Field
relationships; Regulatory Authorities; Public-Private Partnerships.
5. Accountability and Control :
Concepts of accountability and control; Legislative, Executive and judicial control over
administration; Citizen and Administration; Role of media, interest groups, voluntary organizations;
Civil society; Citizen’s Charters; Right to Information; Social audit.
6. Administrative Law :
Meaning, scope and significance; Dicey on Administrative law; Delegated legislation;
Administrative Tribunals.
7. Comparative Public Administration :
Historical and sociological factors affecting administrative systems; Administration and politics
in different countries; Current status of Comparative Public Administration; Ecology and
administration; Riggsian models and their critique.
8. Development Dynamics :
Concept of development; Changing profile of development administration; ‘Anti-development
thesis’; Bureaucracy and development; Strong state versus the market debate; Impact of
liberalisation on administration in developing countries; Women and development the self-help
group movement.
9. Personnel Administration :
Importance of human resource development; Recruitment, training, career advancement,
position classification, discipline, performance appraisal, promotion, pray and service conditions;
employer-employee relations, grievance redressal mechanism; Code of conduct; Administrative
ethics.
10. Public Policy :
Models of policy-making and their critique; Processes of conceptualisation, planning,
implementation, monitoring, evaluation and review and their limitations; State theories and public
policy formulation.
11. Techniques of Adminstrative Improvement :
Organisation and methods, Work study and work management; e-governance and information
technology; Management aid tools like network analysis, MIS, PERT, CPM.
12. Financial Administration :
Monetary and fiscal policies: Public borrowings and public debt Budgets types and forms;
Budgetary process; Financial accountability; Accounts and audit.
PAPER-II
Indian Administration
1. Evolution of Indian Administration :
Kautilya Arthashastra; Mughal administration; Legacy of British rule in politics and
administration Indianization of Public services, revenue administration, district Administration, local
self Government. .
2. Philosophical and Constitutional framework of Government :
Salient features and value premises; Constitutionalism; Political culture; Bureaucracy and
democracy; Bureaucracy and development.
3. Public Sector Undertakings :
Public sector in modern India; Forms of Public Sector Undertakings; Problems of autonomy,
accountability and control; Impact of liberalization and privatization.
4. Union Government and Administration :
Executive, Parliament, Judiciary-structure, functions, work processes; Recent trends;
Intragovernmental relations; Cabinet Secretariat; Prime Minister’s Office; Central Secretariat;
Ministries and Departments; Boards; Commissions; Attached offices; Field organizations.
5. Plans and Priorities :
Machinery of planning; Role, composition and functions of the Planning Commission and the
National Development Council; ‘Indicative’ planning; Process of plan formulation at Union and State
levels; Constitutional Amendments (1992) and decentralized planning for economic development
and social justice.
6. State Government and Administration :
Union-State administrative, legislative and financial relations; Role of the Finance Commission;
Governor; Chief Minister; Council of Ministers; Chief Secretary; State Secretariat; Directorates.
7. District Administration since Independence :
Changing role of the Collector; Union-State-local relations; Imperatives of development
management and law and order administration; District administration and democratic
decentralization.
8. Civil Services :
Constitutional position; Structure, recruitment, training and capacity building; Good governance
initiatives; Code of conduct and discipline; Staff associations; Political rights; Grievance redressal
mechanism; Civil service neutrality; Civil service activism.
Budget as a political instrument; Parliamentary control of public expenditure; Role of finance ministry
in monetary and fiscal area; Accounting techniques; Audit; Role of Controller General of Accounts and
Comptroller and Auditor General of India.
10. Administrative Reforms since Independence :
Major concerns; Important Committees and Commissions; Reforms in financial management
and human resource development; Problems of implementation.
11. Rural Development :
Institutions and agencies since Independence; Rural development programmes: foci and
strategies; Decentralization and Panchayati Raj; 73rd Constitutional amendment.
12. Urban Local Government :
Municipal governance: main features, structures, finance and problem areas; 74th
Constitutional Amendment; Global-local debate; New localism; Development dynamics, politics and
administration with special reference to city management.
13. Law and Order Administration:
British legacy; National Police Commission; Investigative agencies; Role of Central and State
Agencies including para military forces in maintenance of law and order and countering insurgency
and terrorism; Criminalisation of politics and administration; Police-public relations; Reforms in
Police.
14. Significant issues in Indian Administration:
Values in public service; Regulatory Commissions; National Human Rights Commission;
Problems of administration in coalition regimes; Citizen administration interface; Corruption and
administration; Disaster management.
SOCIOLOGY
PAPER– I
FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY
1. Sociology - The Discipline:
(a) Modernity and social changes in Europe and emergence of Sociology.
(b) Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences.
(c) Sociology and common sense.
2. Sociology as Science:
(a) Science, scientific method and critique.
(b) Major theoretical strands of research methodology.
(c) Positivism and its critique.
(d) Fact value and objectivity.
( e) Non-positivist methodologies.
3. Research Methods and Analysis:
(a) Qualitative and quantitative methods.
(b) Techniques of data collection.
(c) ) Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity.
4. Sociological Thinkers:
(a) Karl Marx - Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation, class struggle.
(b) Emile Durkhteim - Division of labour, social fact, suicide, religion and society.
(c) Max Weber - Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestant ethic and the spirit
of capitalism.
(d) Talcolt Parsons - Social system, pattern variables.
(e) Robert K. Merton - Latent and manifest functions, conformity and deviance, reference
groups.
(f) Mead - Self and identity.
5. Stratification and Mobility :
(a) Concepts - equality, inequality, hierarchy, exclusion, poverty and deprivation.
(b) Theories of social stratification - Structural func tionalist theory, Marxist theory, Weberian
theory.
(c) Dimensions - Social stratification of class, status groups, gender, ethnicity and race.
(d) Social mobility - open and closed systems, types of mobility, sources and causes of mobility.
6. Works and Economic Life :
(a) Social organization of work in different types of society - slave society, feudal society,
industrial capitalist society.
(b) Formal and informal organization of work.
(c) Labour and society.
7. Politics and Society:
(a) Sociological theories of power.
(b) Power elite, bureaucracy, pressure groups and political parties.
(c) Nation, state, citizenship, democracy, civil society, ideology.
(d) Protest, agitation, social movements, collective action, revolution.
8. Religion and Society :
(a) Sociological theories of religion.
(b) Types of religious practices: animism, monism, pluralism, sects, cults.
(c) Religion in modern society: religion and science, secularization, religious revivalism,
fundamen talism.
9. Systems of Kinship:
(a) Family, household, marriage.
(b) Types and forms of family.
(c) Lineage and descent.
(d) Patriarchy and sexual division of labour.
(e) Contem porary trends.
10. Social Change in Modern Society :
(a) Sociological theories of social change.
(b) Development and dependency.
(c) Agents of social change.
(d) Education and social change.
(e) Science, technology and social change.
PAPER–II
INDIAN SOCIETY : STRUCTURE AND CHANGE
A. Introducing Indian Society :
(i) Perspectives on the Study of Indian Society :
(a) Indology (G.S. Ghure).
(b) Structural functionalism (M. N. Srinivas).
(c) Marxist sociology (A. R. Desai).
(ii) Impact of colonial rule on Indian society :
(a) Social background of Indian nationalism.
(b) Modernization of Indian tradition.
(c) Protests and movements during the colonial period.
(d) Social reforms. B. Social Structure:
(i) Rural and Agrarian Social Structure:
(a) The idea of Indian village and village studies.
(b) Agrarian social structure— evolution of land tenure system, land
reforms.
(ii) Caste System:
(a) Perspectives on the study of caste systems: G. S. Ghurye, M. N. Srinivas, Louis Dumont, Andre
Beteille.
(b) Features of caste system.
(c) Untouchability-forms and perspectives (iii) Tribal Communities in India:
(a) Definitional problems.
(b) Geographical spread.
(c) Colonial policies and tribes.
(d) Issues of integration and autonomy.
(iv) Social Classes in India:
(a) Agrarian class structure.
(b) Industrial class structure.
(c) Middle classes in India.
(v) Systems of Kinship in India:
(a) Lineage and descent in India.
(b) Types of kinship systems.
(c) Family and marriage in India.
(d) Household dimensions of the family.
(e) Patriarchy, entitlements and sexual division oflabour.
(vi) Religion and Society :
(a) Religious communities in India.
(b) Problems of religious minorities. C. Social Changes in India:
(i) Visions of Social Change in India:
(a) Idea of development planning and mixed economy.
(b) Constitution, law and social change.
(c) Education and social change.
(ii) Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India:
(a) Programmes of rural development, Community Development Programme, cooperatives,
poverty alleviation schemes.
(b) Green revolution and social change.
(c) Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture.
(d) Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration.
(iii) Industrialization and Urbanisation in India:
(a) Evolution of modern industry in India.
(b) Growth of urban settlements in India.
(c) Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization.
(d) Informal sector, child labour.
(e) Slums and deprivation in urban areas.
(iv) Politics and Society :
(a) Nation, democracy and citizenship.
(b) Political parties, pressure groups, social and political elite.
(c) Regionalism and decentralization of power.
(d) Secularization.
(v) Social Movements in Modern India :
(a) Peasants and farmers movements.
(b) Women’s movement.
(c) Backward classes & Dalit movements.
(d) Environmental movements.
(e) Ethnicity and Identity movements.
(vi) Population Dynamics :
(a) Population size, growth, composition and distribution.
(b) Components of population growth: birth, death, migration.
(c) Population Policy and family planning.
(d) Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child and infant mortality, reproductive health.
(vii) Challenges of Social Transformation :
(a) Crisis of development : displacement, environmental problems and sustainability.
(b) Poverty, deprivation and inequalities.
(c) Violence against women.
(d) Caste conflicts.
(e) Ethnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism.
(f) Illiteracy and disparities in education.
STATISTICS
PAPER–I
1. Probability :
Sample space and events, probability measure and probability space, random variable as a
measurable function.
distribution function of a random variable, discrete and continuous-type random variable,
probability mass function, probability density function, vector-valued random variable, marginal and
conditional distributions, stochastic independence of events and of random variables, expectation
and moments of a random variable, conditional expectation, convergence of a sequence of random
variable in distribution, in probability, in path mean and almost everywhere, their criteria and inter-
relations, Chebyshev’s inequality and Khintchine’s weak law of large numbers, strong law of large
numbers and Kolmogoroffs theorems, probability generating function, moment generating function,
characteristic function, inversion theorem, Linderberg and Levy forms of central limit theorem,
standard discrete and continuous probability distributions.
2. Statistical Inference:
Consistency, unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency, completeness, ancillary statistics, factorization
theorem, exponential family of distribution and its properties, uniformly minimum variance
unbiased (UMVU) estimation, Rao Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems, Cramer-Rao inequality
for single Parameter. Estimation by methods of moments, maximum likelihood, least squares,
minimum chisquare and modifiedminimum chisquare, properties of maximum likelihood and other
estimators, asymptotic efficiency, prior and posterior distributions, loss function, risk function, and
minimax estimator. Bayes estimators.
Non-randomised and randomised tests, critical function, MP tests, Neyman-Pearson lemma,
UMP tests, monotone likelihood ratio: similar and unbiased tests, UMPU tests for single paramet
likelihood ratio test and its asymptotic distribution. Confidence bounds and its relation with tests.
Kolmogorov’s test for goodness of fit and its consistency, sign test and its optimality. Wilcoxon
signedranks test and its consistency, Kolmogorov-Smirnov two sample test, run test, WilcoxonMann-
Whitney test and median test, their consistency and asymptotic normality.
Wald’s SPRT and its properties, Oc and ASN functions for tests regarding parameters for
Bernoulli, Poisson, normal and exponential distributions. Wald’s fundamental identity.
3. Linear Inference and Multivariate Analysis :
Linear statistical models, theory of least squares and analysis of variance, Gauss-Markoff theory,
normal equations, least squares estimates and their precision, test of significance and interval
estimates based on least squares theory in oneway, two-way and three-way classified data,
regression analysis, linear regression, curvilinear regression and orthogonal polynomials, multiple
regression, multiple and partial correlations, estimation of variance and covariance components,
multivariate normal distribution, Mahalanobis’s D2 and Hotelling’s T2 statistics and their
applications and properties, discriminant analysis, canonical correlations, principal component
analysis.
4. Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments :
An outline of fixed-population and super-population approaches, distinctive features of finite
population sampling, propability sampling designs, simple random sampling with and without
replacement, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling and its efficacy, cluster sampling,
twostage and multi-stage sampling, ratio and regression methods of estimation involving one or
more auxiliary variables, two-phase sampling, probability proportional to size sampling with and
without replacement, the Hansen-Hurwitz and the HorvitzThompson estimators, non-negative
variance estimation with reference to the Horvitz-Thompson estimator, non-sampling errors.
Fixed effects model (two-way classification) random and mixed effects models (two-way
classification with equal observation per cell), CRD, RBD, LSD and their analyses, incomplete block
designs, concepts of orthogonality and balance, BIBD, missing plot technique, factorial experiments and
24 and 32, confounding in factorial experiments, split-plot and simple lattice designs, transformation of
data Duncan’s multiple range test. PAPER II
1. Industrial Statistics
Process and product control, general theory of control charts, different types of control charts
for variables and attributes, X, R, s, p, np and charts, cumulative sum chart. Single, double, multiple
and sequential sampling plans for attributes, OC, ASN, AOQ and ATI curves, concepts of producer’s
and consumer’s risks, AQL, LTPD and AOQL, Sampling plans for variables, Use of Dodge-Romin
tables.
Concept of reliability, failure rate and reliability functions, reliability of series and parallel
systems and other simple configurations, renewal density and renewal function, Failure models:
exponential, Weibull, normal, lognormal. Problems in life testing, censored and truncated
experiments for exponential models.
2. Optimization Techniques :
Different types of models in Operations Research, their construction and general methods of
solution,
simulation and Monte-Carlo methods formulation of Linear Programming (LP) problem, simple LP
model and its graphical solution, the simplex procedure, the two-phase metbod and the Mtechnique
with artificial variables, the duality theory of LP and its economic interpretation, sensitivity analysis,
transpotation and assignment problems, rectangular games, two-person zero- sum games, methods
of solution (graphical and algebraic).
Replacement of failing or deteriorating items, group and individual replacement policies,
concept of scientific inventory management and analytical structure of inventory problems, simple
models with deterministic and stochastic demand with and without lead time, storage models with
particular reference to dam type.
Homogeneous discrete-time Markov chains, transition probability matrix, classification of states
and ergodic theorems, homogeneous continuous-time Markov chains, Poisson process, elements of
queuing theory, M/MI, M/M/K, G/M/l and M/G/1 queues.
Solution of statistical problems on computers using wellknown statistical software packages like
SPSS.
3. Quantitative Economics and Official Statistics:
Determination of trend, seasonal and cyclical components, Box-Jenkins method, tests for
stationary series, ARIMA models and determination of orders of autoregressive and moving average
components, fore-casting.
Commonly used index numbers - Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s and Fisher’s ideal index numbers, cham-
base index number, uses and limitations of index numbers, index number of wholesale prices,
consumer price, agricultural production and industrial production, test fot index numbers -
proportionality, time-reversal, factor-reversal and circular.
General linear model, ordinary least square and generalized least squares methods of
estimation, problem of multi-collinearity, consequences and solutions of multi-collinearity,
autocorrelation and its consequences, heteroscedasticity of disturbances and its testing, test for
independence of disturbances concept of structure and model for simultaneous equations, problem
of identification-rank and order conditions of identifiability, two-stage least sauare method of
estimation.
Present official statistical system in India relating to population, agriculture, industrial
production, trade and prices, methods of collection of official statistics, their reliability and
limitations, principal publications containing such statistics, various official agencies responsible for
data collection and their main functions.
4. Demography and Psychometry :
Demographic data from census, registration, NSS other surveys, their limitations. and uses,
definition, construction and uses of vital rates and ratios, measures of fertility, reproduction rates,
morbidity rate, standardized death rate, complete and abridged life tables, construction of life tables
from vital statistics and census returns, uses of life tables, logistic and other population growth
curves, fitting a logistic curve, population projection, stable population, quasi-stable population,
techniques in estimation of demographic parameters, standard classification by cause of death,
health surveys and use of hospital statistics.
Methods of standardisation of scales and tests, Z-scores, standard scores, T-scores, percentile
scores, intelligence quotient and its measurement and uses, validity and reliability of test scores and
its determination, use of factor analysis and path analysis in psychometry.
ZOOLOGY
PAPER–I
1. Non-chordata and Chordata :
(a) Classification and relationship of various phyla up to subclasses: Acoelomate and
Coelomate, Protostomes and Deuterostomes, Bilateria and Radiata; Status of Protista,
Parazoa, Onychophora and Hemichordata; Symmetry.
(b) Protozoa: Locomotion, nutrition, reproduction, sex; General features and life history of
Paramaecium, Monocystis. Plasmodium and Leishmania.
(c) Porifera: Skeleton, canal system and reproduction.
(d) Cnidaria: Polymorphism, defensive structures and their mechanism; coral reefs and
their formation; metagenesis; general features and life history of Obelia and Aurelia.
(e) Platyhelminthes: Parasitic adaptation; general features and life history of Fasciola and
Taenia and their-Pathogenic symptoms.
(f) Nemathelminthes: General features, life history, parasitic adaptation of Ascaris
andWuchereria.
(g) Annelida: Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes; general features and
life history of Nereis, earthworm and leach.
(h) Arthropoda: Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea; vision and respiration in
arthropods (Prawn, cockroach and scorpion); modification of mouth, parts in insects
(cockroach, mosquito, housefly, honey bee and butterfly), metapmor phosis in insect
and its hormonal regulation, socialbehaviour ofApis and termites.
(i) Molluscs: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, general features and life history of
Lamellidens, Pila and Sepia. Torsion and detorsion in gastropods.
(j) Echinodermata: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, larval forms, general features and life
history of Asterias.
(k) Protochordata: Origin of chordates; general features and life history of Branchiostoma
and Herdmania.
(l) Pisces: Respiration, locomotion and migration.
(m) Amphibia: Origin of tetrapods, parental care, paedomorphosis.
(n) Reptilia; Origin of reptiles, skull types, status of Sphenodon and crocodiles.
(o) Aves: Origin of birds, flight adaptation, migration.
(p) Mammalia: Origin of mammals, dentition, general features of egg laying mammals,
pouchedmammals, aquatic mammals and primates, endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid,
parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads) and their interrelationships.
(q) Comparative functional anatomy of various systems of vertebrates. (integument and its
derivatives, endoskeleton, locomotory organs, digestive system,. respiratory system,
circulatory system including heart and aortic arches, urinogenital system, brain and
sense organs (eye and ear).
2. Ecology :
(a) Biosphere: concept of biosphere; biomes, Biogeochemical cycles, Human induced
changes in atmosphere including green house effect, ecological succession, biomes and
ecotones, community ecology.
(b) Concept of ecosystem; structure and function of ecosystem, types of ecosystem,
ecological succession, ecological adaptation.
(c) Population; characteristics, population dynamics, population stabilization.
(d) Biodiversity and diversity conservation of natural resources.
(e) Wildlife of India.
(f) Remote sensing for sustainable development.
(g) Environmental biodegradation; pollution and its impact on biosphere and its
prevention.
3. Ethology :
(a) Behaviour: Sensory filtering, responsiveness, sign stimuli, learning, and memory,
instinct, habituation, conditioning, imprinting.
(b) Role of hormones in drive; role of pheromones in alarm spreading; crypsis, predator
detection, predator tactics, social hierarchies in primates, social organization in insects;
(c) Orientation, navigation, homing; biological rhythms: biological clock, tidal, seasonal and
circadian rhythms.
(d) Methods of studying animal behaviour including sexual conflict, selfishness, kinship and
altruism.
4. Economic Zoology :
(a) Apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, carp culture, pearl culture, prawn culture,
vermiculture.
(b) Major infectious and communicable diseases (malaria, filaria, tuberculosis, cholera and
AIDS) their vectors, pathogens and prevention.
(c) Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogen (helminths) and vectors (ticks, mites,
Tabanus, Stomoxys).
(d) Pests of sugar cane (Pyrilla perpusiella), oil seed (Achaeajanata) and rice (Sitophilus
oryzae).
(e) Transgenic animals.
(f) Medical biotechnology, human genetic disease and genetic counselling, gene therapy.
(g) Forensic biotechnology.
5. Biostatistics :
Designing of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation, regression, distribution and measure of
central tendency, chi square, student-test, F-test (one-way & two-way F-test).
6. Instrumentation methods :
(a) Spectrophotometer, phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, radioactive tracer,
ultra centrifuge, gel . electrophoresis, PCR, ELISA, FISH and chromosome painting.
(b) Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM).
PAPER II
1. Cell Biology :
(a) Structure and function of cell and its organelles (nucleus, plasma membrane,
mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and lysosomes), cell
division (mitosis and meiosis), mitotic spindle and mitotic apparatus, chromosome
movement chromosome type ploytene and lambrush, organization of chromatin,
heterochromatin, Cell cycle regulation.
(b) Nucleic acid topology, DNA motif, DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing,
translation, protein foldings and transport.
2. Genetics :
(a) Modern concept of gene, split gene, genetic regulation, genetic, code.
(b) Sex chromosomes and their evolution, sex determination in Drosophila and man.
(c) Mendel’s laws of inheritance, recombination, linkage, multiple alleles, genetics of blood
groups, pedigree analysis, hereditary diseases in man.
(d) Mutations and mutagenesis.
(e) Recombinant DNA technology, plasmid, cosmid, artificial chromosomes as vectors,
transgenics, DNA cloning and whole animal cloning (principles and methods).
(f) Gene regulation and expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
(g) Signal molecules, cell death, defects in signaling pathway and consequences.
(h) RFLP, RAPD and AFLF and application of RFLP in DNA finger-printing, ribozyme
technologies, human genome project, genomics and protomics.
3. Evolution :
(a) Theories of origin of life.
(b) Theories of evolution; Natural selection, role of mutation in evolution, evolutionary
patterns, molecular drive, mimicry, variation, isolation and speciation.
(c) Evolution of horse, elephant and man using fossil data.
(d) Hardy-Weinberg Law.
(e) Continental drift and distribution of animals.
4. Systematics :
Zoological nomenclature, international code, cladistics, molecular taxonomy and biodiversity.
5. Biochemistry :
(a) Structure and role of carbohydrates, fats, fatty acids, cholesterol, proteins and amino-
acids, nucleic acids. Bioenergetics.
(b) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle, oxidation and reduction, oxidative phosphorylation; energy
conservation and release, ATP, cycl cyclic AMP-its structure and role.
(c) Hormone classification (steroid and peptide hormones), biosynthesis and functions.
(d) Enzymes: types and mechanisms of action.
(e) Vitamins and co-enzymes.
(f) Immunoglobulin and immunity.
6. Physiology (with special reference to mammals) :
(a) Composition and constituents of blood; blood groups and Rh factor in man; factors and
mechanism of coagulation; iron metabolism, acid-base balance, thermo regulation,
anticoagulants.
(b) Haemoglobin: Composition, types and role in transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
(c) Digestion and absorption: Role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas and intestinal glands.
(d) Excretion: nephron and regulation of urine formation; osmo-regulation and excretory
product.
(e) Muscles: Types, mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles, effects of exercise on
muscles.
(f) Neuron: nerve impulse—its conduction and synaptic transmission; neurotransmitters.
(g) Vision, hearing and olfaction in man.
(h) Physiology of reproduction puberty and menopause in human.
7. Developmental Biology :
(a) Gametogenesis; spermatogenesis, composition of semen, in vitro and in vivo capacitation
of mammalian sperm, Oogenesis, totipotency; fertilization, morphogenesis and
morphogen; blastogeneis, establishment of body axes formation, fate map, gestulation in
frog and chick; genes in development in chick homeotic genes, development of eye and
heart, placenta in mammals.
(b) Cell lineage, cell to cell interaction, Genetic and induced teratogenesis, role of thyroxine
in control of metamorphosisin amphibia, paedogenesis and neoteny, cell death, aging.
(c) Developmental genes in man, in vitro fertilization; and embryo transfer; cloning.
(d) Stem cells: Sources, types and their use in human welfare.
(e) Biogenetic law.

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UPSC Mains Syllabus 2023

Visual field less than 10

Only HMCF Only HMCF 100% IV b (Blindness)

III. Marks will not be allotted for mere superficial knowledge.

V. In the question papers, wherever required, SI units will be used.

A. Interview Test/Personality Test

2. The technique of the interview is not that of a strict cross-examination but of a

Part B—Main Examination

® Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.

PAPER-VI & PAPER VII

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE

2.2 Blood constituents.—Properties and functions-blood cell formation—Haemoglobin synthesis

2.5 Excretion.—Structure and function of kidney-formation of urine-methods of studying renal

2.6 Endocrine glands.—Functional disorders—their symptoms and diagnosis. Synthesis of

4. Livestock Production and Management :

1. Microbiology and Plant Pathology :

Development of male and female gametophytes, pollination, fertilization; Endosperm—its

(anerobic and aerobic, including fermentation)—electron transport chain and oxidative

(iii) Substitution reactions :—SN 1, SN 2, and SN i, mechanisms ; neighbouring group

participation; electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions of aromatic compounds including

3. Hydrology, Water Resources and Engineering :

Financial Management, Financial Institutions and Markets

1. Advanced Micro Economics :

Indian Economy in Pre-Independence Era :

B.The Post-Liberalization Era :

HISTORY OF MAITHILI LANGUAGE AND ITS LITERATURE

1—Early phase of Malayalam Language :

1.1 Various theories : Origin from proto Dravidian, Tamil, Sanskrit.

(Answers must be written in Marathi)

(1) ‘Namadevanchi Abhangawani’ Ed:

1. Santa Jnandil Das Udaya Lahari

4. Haribhakta Katuwal Yo Zinadagi Khai Ke Zindagi : (The following poems only-Jeevan :

5. Balkrishna Sama Prahlad.

6. Manbahadur Mukhia Andhyaroma Banchneharu (The following One-Act

1. Indra Sundas Sahara.

2. Lilbahadur Chhetri Brahmaputra ko Chheuchhau

3. Rupnarayan Sinha Katha Navaratna (The following stories only—Biteka Kura,

4. Indrabahadur Rai Vipana Katipaya (The following stories only—Raatbhari Huri

5. Sanu Lama Katha Sampaad (The following stories only—Swasni Manchhey,

General study of the following groups :—

Group 1 (a) Raghuvamsam—CantoI, Verses 1 to 10

Group 2 (a) Isavasyopanisad—Verses—1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 15 and 18

Group 3 (a) Meghadutam—Verses 1 to 10

Part I—History of Santhali Language

(Arabic or Devanagari Script)

(a) Genres and their development :

1. Mir Amman Bagho-Babar

2. Ghalib Intikhab-e-Khutoot-e Ghalib

3. Mohd. Husain Azad Nairang-e-Khayal

4. Prem Chand Godan

5. Rajendra Singh Bedi Apne Dukh Mujhe Dedo

6. Abul Kalam Azad Ghubar-e-Khatir

1. Mir Intikhab-e-Kalam-e-Mir (Ed. Abdul Haq.)

1. Managerial Function and Process :

2. Organisational Behaviour and Design :

3. Human Resource Management :

4. Accounting for Managers :

History and Problems of Philosophy

1. (a) Mechanics of Particles :