CPL Exams Ano 33

PCAA TECHNICAL EXAMINATIONS
FOR THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE

(PERSONNEL LICENCES – PPL, CPL, ATPL, MPL)
AIR NAVIGATION ORDER
VERSION : 1.0
DATEOFIMPLEMENTATION : 04-04-2022
OFFICEOFPRIMEINTEREST : Personnel Licensing Directorate
04/04/2022 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0
PCAA TECHNICAL EXAMINATIONS (PPL / CPL / ATPL / MPL)
NAME DESIGNATION SIGNATURE
Additional Director
ARIF MUMTAZ
Examination
PREPARED BY
Captain Additional Director
RIAZ CHISHTI Scrutiny & Processing
Air Cdre. (Retd) Director Personnel

REVIEWED BY
MUHAMMAD ZIA KHAN Licensing
Dy. Director General

VERIFIED BY NADIR SHAFI DAR
(Regulatory)
Director General
APPROVED BY KHAQAN MURTAZA
Civil Aviation Authority
TYPE OF DOCUMENT AIR NAVIGATION ORDER (ANO).
STATUS OF DOCUMENT
CONTROLLED
04/04/2022 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0
Table of Contents
A. AUTHORITY:................................................................................................................ 1
B. PURPOSE: ................................................................................................................... 1
C. SCOPE: ........................................................................................................................ 1
D. DESCRIPTION: ............................................................................................................ 1
D1. CONTEXT .................................................................................................................... 1
D2. DETAILS OF TECHNICAL EXAMINATIONS ............................................................... 1
D3. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS – PAPER SETTING: .................................................. 2
D5. PAYMENT AND BOOKING PROCEDURE .................................................................. 4
D6. EXAMINATION VALIDITY & THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE CREDIT ........................ 5
D7. CONDUCT OF PCAA TECHNICAL THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE e-EXAMS: ......... 5
D8. EXAMINATION RESULTS AND KNOWLEDGE DEFICIENCY REPORTS: ................. 6
D9. RE-TRAINING PERIODS AND EXAM.......................................................................... 7
D10. CANDIDATES REQUEST FOR REVIEW ..................................................................... 8
D11. PENALTIES FOR USING UNFAIR MEANS: ................................................................ 8
E. EVIDENCES(ACRONYMS/RECORDS/REFERENCES): ............................................. 8
IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................................................ 9
APPENDIX “A” – ICAO ANNEX 1 TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS .................
APPENDIX “B” -- PPL (A&H) e-EXAMS SYLLABI ..................................................................
APPENDIX “C” -- CPL, MPL, ATPL (A&H) e-EXAMS SYLLABI .............................................
04/04/2022 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0
A. AUTHORITY:
A1. This Air Navigation Order (ANO) is issued by the Director General Civil Aviation Authority in
pursuance of powers vested in him under Rule 4(3), 36, 354, 357, 360 and all other enabling
provisions of Civil Aviation Rules,1994 (CARs,94).
B. PURPOSE:
B1. The purpose of this ANO is to notify the knowledge requirements for pilot examinations
associated with Flight Crew Licences (as described herein) issued by the Personnel Licensing
Directorate, PCAA. It also provides (where applicable) regulatory framework and mechanism
for the conduct of CAA FCL Technical Theoretical Knowledge Examinations for the issuance
of personnel licences of pilots.
C. SCOPE:
C1. This ANO covers the syllabi, referenced learning objectives, rules and procedures governing
the PCAA Technical Theoretical Knowledge Examinations required for issuance of licences
for Private / Commercial, Airline Transport and Multi-crew Pilots (PPL / CPL / ATPL / MPL for
aeroplanes and helicopters) which are delivered through the electronic examinations (e-
Exams) system of an exam service provider.
C2. This ANO also prescribes the procedures for the enrollment and conduct of examinations (e-
Exams).
C3. For other examinations for endorsement of rating and renewals of these licences, please refer
to ANO-002-LCXX and other relevant ANOs available on PCAA website.
D. DESCRIPTION:
D1. CONTEXT
D1.1 Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (PCAA) has been entrusted with the responsibility to regulate
all aviation activities. Under the framework of Civil Aviation Rules 1994 Part V ―Personnel
Licences‖, it has to issue flight crew and other required personnel licences subject to
compliance of the requirements specified in relevant CAA regulations for knowledge,
experience and skill. It achieves this by ensuring that applicant has acquired the minimum
standards of aeronautical knowledge, experience and skill required to operate safely in the
complex aviation environment. Technical Theoretical Knowledge Examinations are required
to be passed by each applicant in accordance with the syllabus and procedures provided for
relevant licence.
D1.2 Personnel licensing system of PCAA should have quality and integrity not only to promote
safety but also to ensure international recognition of the high standard of Pakistani licences.
PCAA notify syllabi of training for various licences and ratings to enable applicants to
undergo the required training in the industry, and to attain the required minimum standards.
D1.3 PCAA has implemented an examination system (e-Exams) based on Multi-Choice, Cloze,
List (Multi-Select), Type in the Answer format questions. Candidates are strongly advised to
familiarize themselves thoroughly with the PCAA style of question and associated rules prior
to appearing in the examination conducted on this e-Exam system.
D1.4 The time allocated to an examination is based on the need for a well-prepared candidate to
answer all the questions. Having completed a course of approved training, the candidate has
sole discretion and responsibility in managing the response to the examination questions
within allocated examination time.
D2. DETAILS OF TECHNICAL EXAMINATIONS
D2.1. This ANO provides the syllabi for PPL / CPL / MPL / ATPL examinations which are derived
from technical theoretical knowledge requirements as contained in ICAO Annex-1 (Appendix
– A).
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D2.2. The details of Technical Theoretical Knowledge Examinations required for a specific Flight
Crew Licence including a breakdown of syllabi, reference to detailed learning objectives,
examination structure, number of questions and examination duration for the licensing
examination as per details given below:
S. No. Licence / Rating / Certificate Appendix

1. Private Pilot Licence: Aeroplane & Helicopter B
2. Commercial Pilot Licence: Aeroplane & Helicopter C
3. Airline Transport Pilot Licence: Aeroplane & Helicopter C
4. Multi-Crew Pilot Licence: Aeroplane C
D2.3. In addition to the syllabi, each Appendix to this ANO provides a weblink to the detailed
learning objectives (LOs) relevant to the licensing examination. These LOs inform the
structure and depth of knowledge requirements for the purpose of teaching and learning.
D2.4. PCAA e-Exams are managed by independent PCAA officials including supervisors, and/or
PCAA officially appointed examination service provider(s). PCAA Personnel licensing
examination administrators process registrations and accept payments.
D2.5. PCAA examinations are invigilated by the PCAA appointed service provider providing the e-
Exams system.
D2.6. e-Exams are held only at PCAA approved venue(s). Venue information, including location
and schedule, is published in the e-Exams booking system which is accessible to all Flight
Crew Examination candidates and Approved Training Organizations (ATOs) registered in e-
exam system. All such examinations shall be under the supervision of the e-Exams service
provider appointed by the PCAA to act on behalf of the PCAA.
D3. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS – PAPER SETTING:

D3.1 All question papers are as per the syllabi provided in the applicable Appendix contained
within this ANO. The syllabi are derived from the technical knowledge requirements as
specified in ICAO Annex-1 (Appendix – A), based on PCAA requirements and standards,
using best practices derived from United Kingdom and European standards and associated
applicable documents.
D3.2 All examinations for initial issue of a licence shall be based on the licence type and the
subject.
D3.3 The pass marks for PPL, CPL and ATPL (including MPL) theoretical knowledge examinations
for Flight Crew Licensing purposes shall be 70%.
D3.4 The e-Exam system will generate a different on-screen question paper for each candidate to
ensure that no two candidates will sit an identical examination, and that in the event of
candidates re-sitting exams, they are not presented with the same examination content.
D4. REGISTERING TO SIT EXAMS
D4.1 Candidates wishing to sit PCAA FCL Technical Theoretical Knowledge Examinations will be
required to register for the e-Exams service.
D4.2 Candidates can register for a secure e-Exams portal account via the PCAA website at
PCAA | Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (caapakistan.com.pk)
D4.3 To register for e-Exams, candidates are required to provide personal details including
permanent address; full name; date of birth; telephone number, email address as well as
creating a secure password and providing details of the Photographic Identification (ID)
document that they will be bringing to the examination. Candidates will also be required to
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select their approved training organization (ATO) unless they are exempted from training.
Specifying ATO / Eligibility to Sit Examinations
D4.4 Candidates may be eligible to take an e-Exam subject to meeting the minimum training
requirements specified by the PCAA and according to the PCAA ATO approval(s) valid and
held by the Training Organization.
D4.5 The candidate is required to specify the ATO he/she is training with by selecting from the
drop-down list presented in the e-Exams system, the nominated administrator at the ATO will
then be asked to accept the candidate. This process establishes a ‗membership‘ between
the candidate and the ATO, enabling the nominated administrator at the ATO to have sight of
the candidate‘s bookings and results to that ATO. ATO‘s administrators must sign off and
authorize candidates to sit examinations, confirming that the candidate has received the
required approved training applicable to the licence, and the ATO will receive a system
notification when a member candidate makes a booking. An ATO administrator may request
PCAA to cancel bookings made by a candidate if the candidate has not received the required
training. This will result in a loss of the examination fee(s).
D4.6 For a candidate who is exempt from the requirement of completing approved training with an
ATO, the candidate must contact PCAA PEL Directorate directly for further instructions on
email; [email protected].
D4.7 Candidates who have been barred / suspended by PCAA from sitting examinations and
whose suspension period is not yet completed will not have their e-Exams account approved,
or in the case that the account is already created, this account will be suspended.
D4.8 If a candidate has been inadvertently permitted to undertake an exam without satisfying the
appropriate prequalification requirement(s), this shall be taken as the candidate knowingly
appearing in a PCAA exam without qualifying pre-requisite of the exam. PCAA will consider
any pass result(s) in such exam(s) as null and void and invalidate such examinations. This
will result in a loss of the examination fee(s).
Photographic Identification (ID) Requirements
D4.9 Candidates are required to specify during e-Exam registration which personal photographic
identification document they will present at the e-Exam venue. This ID will be verified by the
PCAA and shall be recorded for checking by the examination invigilator each time a
candidate undertakes an examination. The candidate must present this specific ID (which
must be current and the original) at the examination venue for each examination. Failure to
do so will result in the candidate being unable to sit the examination. Acceptable ID
Documents are as given below:
 Computerized National Identity Card (CNIC) issued by NADRA

 NICOP (National Identity Card for Overseas Pakistani)
 Passport (for foreign nationals)
Candidates shall contact the PCAA PEL Directorate should their ID expire or become invalid,
necessitating the need to update e-Exams systems ID records.
D4.10 Once the candidate provides the required identity information and specifies the ATO, the
ATO membership request will be initiated and the PCAA Examinations Administrator will
complete the final validation stage for service access to be enabled. Candidates (and ATO‘s
where applicable) will then be able to access the service. Candidates shall e-mail to PCAA
administrator for approval of their registration forwarding their details at following address:
[email protected]
D4.11 Successful completion of the registration will result in a system generated notification being
emailed to the candidate advising that they have registered but will not be able to make exam
bookings until verified as eligible to sit by PCAA and the selected ATO.
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D4.12 PCAA will endeavour to process candidate registrations within 5 clear working days for
standard cases. However, the process may be extended for more complex cases and where
eligibility to sit exams needs to be investigated. PCAA reserves the right to restrict or deny
access to the e-Exams platform at its sole discretion at any time.
D5. PAYMENT AND BOOKING PROCEDURE
D5.1 Candidates will receive a system generated notification once PCAA have verified and
approved their details, thus enabling bookings to be made for FCL technical theoretical
knowledge examinations.
D5.2 Provisional bookings for examination(s) can then be made via the Candidate portal and will
be held with a‗‘Pencilled‘‘status pending receipt of payment to PCAA.
D5.3 For applicable examination fee and instructions on payment by the candidates should refer
to PCAA publication ASC-004-LCXX ―Flight Crew Licence Examination charges and
Payment procedure‖.
D5.4 Once payment is received and receipted, examination bookings will be confirmed, and
candidates will receive an email containing their booking confirmation. An electronic copy
will also be held in their e-Exams portal account, they can also view the booking status
which will change from ―Pencilled‖ to ‗‘Booked‘‘ when booking is confirmed.
D5.5 Examination bookings will automatically be cancelled if payment is not received and
confirmed within 7 calendar days of booking or by 72 hours prior to the first examination in
the sitting period (whichever comes first). A ‗sitting period‘ is a period of examinations as
determined by the PCAA, which may be one or more consecutive days of scheduled e-
Exams.
D5.6 Candidates should make allowance for the time it takes for cleared payment to be received
by PCAA to ensure that bookings can be administered and confirmed in a timely manner
for the required e-Exam sitting date. Please refer below to the specific deadline for
bookings / amendments / cancellations prior to an e-Exams sitting date.
D5.7 Amendments to booked examinations, including transfers and cancellations, are managed
by PCAA through the e-Exams system. Amendments will be subject to Terms and
Conditions and relevant charges.
D5.8 The ATO is notified when one of their membership candidates makes a booking. In the
case that the ATO does not agree that the candidate has satisfactory knowledge to
complete the examination, the ATO shall request PCAA to cancel the booking.
D5.9 Examination bookings (subject to Terms and Conditions, including changes) will be
accepted up to 7 days before the exam date after which examination sessions will be
closed for any further bookings or changes.
D5.10 After confirmation of booking, the candidate must appear for the e-Exam at the time
specified unless the booking is cancelled in accordance with PCAA Terms and Conditions.
Not appearing in any examination will be considered as ‘Did Not Sit‘. The examination will
not be treated as an attempt but the fee submitted will be forfeited /non-refundable.
D5.11 In exceptional circumstances, to be approved case-by-case by PCAA, a ‗Did Not Sit‘ may
be considered for rebooking of the examination which shall be facilitated by PCAA to allow
the appropriate fee waiver. The attempt will only apply to the rescheduled examination and
not the examination that was not sat.
Transfer and Cancellation fee

D5.12 Provisional examination bookings can be cancelled without penalty if no payment has been
received and receipted by PCAA and the exam booking is showing ‗‘Pencilled‘‘ status in
the candidate portal.
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D5.13 Once payment has been made for the booking and the status is showing ‗‘Booked‘‘,
Cancellations/transfers can be made subject to Terms and Conditions in table below. All
times and dates for actions are based on the local time zone, calendar days and the
session start time where the examination is being held.
Action PKR Rules
Up to seven (7) calendar days before the first scheduled e-

Free of Charge
Exam in a sitting period.
Transfers
Full loss of fee Within seven (7) calendar days before the first scheduled e-
paid Exam in a sitting period.
After booking and up to seven (7) calendar days before the

Free of charge
first scheduled e-Exam in a sitting period.
Cancellations
Full loss of fee Within seven (7) calendar days before the first scheduled e-
paid Exam in a sitting period.
Did Not Sit Full loss of fee

DNSs are fully chargeable*.
(DNS) paid
* Please contact the PCAA Examinations Administration Team if you have a medical
certificate or compassionate reasons for not attending.
D5.14 Any amendment to bookings within the seven (7) calendar days prior to the first scheduled
e-Exam in a sitting period can only be made by special request to PCAA.
D6. EXAMINATION VALIDITY & THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE CREDIT
D6.1 All credits (successful examination pass results) awarded by PCAA for an FCL examination
(PPL, CPL – in accordance with the Appendices to this ANO) shall be valid for a period of
thirty-six (36) months except ATPL and MPL for which the validity period will be 60 months
from the date of the last pass mark received by the candidate to complete all technical
theoretical knowledge examinations required for the licence sought.
D6.2 An applicant having passed the theoretical knowledge examination for higher licence shall be
credited knowledge requirement of lower category of theoretical examinations for the purpose
of issuance of lower category of licence.
D6.3 Candidates who have already passed theoretical knowledge examinations for the issue of
higher Flight Crew Licence, credit availed for Revalidation (Air Law & Ops Procedures) Exam
for any licence, as long as it is within the validity period specified.
D6.4 Credit for theoretical knowledge examinations may be granted to qualified and experienced
personnel from the Pakistan Armed Forces. Candidates that believe they are exempt should
contact the PCAA PEL Directorate for further instructions and verification.
D7. CONDUCT OF PCAA TECHNICAL THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE e-EXAMS:

D7.1 Candidates sitting in the same exam session can be sitting different exam licences and
subjects, they may have different requirements and exam durations depending on the
examination they are taking.
D7.2 All e-Exams are conducted in a secure and invigilated environment. Candidates will be
greeted by the Lead Invigilator on the day of sitting, be requested to provide their previously
nominated original photographic ID to verify their eligibility to sit, before being seated.
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D7.3 All examinations desks are equipped with a monitor, keyboard and a mouse ready for the e-
Exam to commence.
D7.4 A verbal briefing will be delivered to all candidates by the Invigilator and candidates will be
asked to read and accept (by signing) the examinations conditions presented in an e-
Examinations Candidate login form available on each candidate‘s designated desk.
Examinations will be invalidated if a candidate fails to sign the login form.
D7.5 Candidates will have received in their booking confirmation a list of permitted, prohibited and
supplied materials for the specific examination subject being sat. Only permitted or supplied
materials will be available for use, no other items are permitted in the exam room.
D7.6 Candidates will be instructed by the invigilator to commence the examinations by entering
their login details and clicking the ‗start‘ button when instructed. The examination will then
continue until the duration is completed or the examination is ceased early by the candidate.
D7.7 When an examination is completed by the candidate, they will be required to raise their hand
to attract the attention of the Invigilator who will then finalize (including collecting supplied
materials) the examination to permit the candidate to leave.
D7.8 The following is strictly prohibited:
i. Candidates using any items not described in the permitted or supplied materials list.
ii. Any mobile phone, communications device, storage device, electronic or otherwise.
iii. Any video imaging or audio recording devices.
iv. The removal of any exam materials from the exam room
v. Offensive or aggressive behaviour towards any examinations personnel.
D7.9 The examination venue is installed with Closed Circuit Television Cameras (CCTV) which will
monitor all examination events.
D7.10 Candidates are required to observe the terms and conditions of examinations conduct,
including all Invigilator instructions, at all times. Failure to do so will result in sanctions being
applied to the candidates for misconduct.
D7.11 Smoking and visiting toilets during the paper is not permitted.
D7.12 Restrictions may apply in addition to the above, in the event of Public Health and/or related
country restrictions.
D8. EXAMINATION RESULTS AND KNOWLEDGE DEFICIENCY REPORTS:

D8.1 Results shall be released to the candidate on a date/time determined at the sole discretion of
the PCAA PEL Directorate. As a general rule, this will be at the end of the examination.
D8.2 Results may be delayed in release where PCAA is required to review any conduct or
misconduct issues pertaining to a candidate (or candidates) or conditions of examination
delivery.
D8.3 Results and Knowledge Deficiency Reports (KDRs) will be available in the E-Exams
Candidate portal (and organization Portal for an ATO with whom the candidate has an
approved membership). An email notification will be sent to the candidate (and ATO where a
membership relationship exists) to advise once the results are available. The candidate will
receive a separate result notification for each examination they have completed.
D8.4 The KDR for a PPL, CPL, or ATPL (including for MPL) Flight Crew examination is issued with
the result advice for a completed examination and lists the syllabus items the candidate has
not answered correctly.
D8.5 The KDR information provides the candidates and ATO with a rapid means of identifying the
syllabus item for re-studying and re-testing. A candidate who obtains a 100% score in a
PCAA examination will not have any syllabus item on the KDR. Similarly, a candidate who
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scores 50% or less will also not receive any specific syllabus items on the KDR. PCAA
considers a candidate who fails to achieve at least 51% as not being sufficiently trained nor
prepared for the examination attempt. Such a performance requires a complete re-visit of the
entire syllabus for the subject if re-training is contemplated. Therefore, a candidate who fails to
achieve at least 51% in a PCAA examination shall restudy the entire syllabus prior to any resit.
D9. RE-TRAINING PERIODS AND EXAM RESITS

D9.1 If a candidate has failed to pass all Technical Theoretical Knowledge Examinations for the
licence sought within an eighteen (18)-month period from the date of taking their first
examination, all results for that licence shall be rendered failed and the candidate shall re-
take the complete set of examinations for the licence after completing appropriate (to the
satisfaction of the ATO and PCAA) additional re-training
D9.2 Candidates shall pass any subject for the Licence sought within six (6) examination attempts.
Should a candidate fail on a fourth attempt, the candidate will be blocked from booking the
failed examination(s) for sixty (60) - days to enable the candidate to receive appropriate
additional training before being permitted a maximum of two (2) further attempts to pass the
previously failed examination(s). If a candidate fails the examination(s) on the sixth attempt,
all results for that licence shall be rendered failed and the candidate shall re-take the
complete set of examinations for the licence after completing appropriate (to the satisfaction
of the ATO and PCAA) re-training.
D9.3 The ‗stand down‘ period(s) limits and further attempts must be completed within the 18
months from the date of the first examination, as in 9.1 above.
D9.4 A failed examination attempt indicates the candidate has a significant knowledge deficiency
on the subject tested. This is a safety-related issue, which must be addressed by the
candidate prior to re-attempting the failed exam. Candidates will be provided with a result
notification that will provide a statement of the candidate‘s knowledge deficiency.
D9.5 Examination failures, especially repetitive failures on the same subject, would generally be a
consequence of inadequate re-training or/and the candidate‘s personal difficulties in attaining
the required standards.
D9.6 Following any examination failures, there must be a period of re-training time to ensure the
candidate has a reasonable chance of reaching the required standards to pass the PCAA
exam. Before re-taking the examinations, the candidate shall undertake further training at
their designated ATO. The extent and scope of the training needed shall be determined by
the ATO based on the needs of the candidate and according to any specific guidance
outlined by the PCAA.
D9.7 There are no specific rules for what constitutes appropriate re-training as the remedial
training a candidate will require may vary from individual to individual. PCAA trust that theory
providers conducting remedial training will have a responsible approach, knowing that
candidates have already failed this particular subject on multiple occasions.
D9.8 As a minimum, PCAA would expect the theory provider to:

 Go through each of the items mentioned in training programme which is required for
that subject;
 Verify that the individual has an adequate understanding of other key elements within
that particular subject, particularly those which are safety related.
D9.9 In most cases, this would not require the candidate to re-sit a complete classroom course as
though they had never studied for that subject, unless the candidate fails to complete all
examinations for the licence sought within eighteen (18) months (as specified in D9.1 above).
Evidence from a Theory Provider or CFI

D9.10 A record of re-training, including the following information, must be retained by the training
provider / ATO in the candidate training record for PCAA PEL Directorate audit and oversight
inspection purposes:
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a. The name and reference number of candidate;

b. The subject name for which the training was provided;
c. A statement or description about the training that they have received, i.e. what training
did they complete, progress examinations, private tuition, review of their items, etc; and
the name of the person/organization who conducted the training.
Note: Candidate should realize that this procedure must be repeated for each subsequent
failure(s) as given in this ANO.
D9.11 Candidates and ATOs are reminded that initial training and (where required) re-training will
be subject to review by the PCAA at any point during the examination and licensing process,
and during ATO oversight audits, to ensure the minimum mandated requirements are
adhered to. Any failure to comply with these requirements may result in the nullification of
examination results, revocation of approval / licence and potential enforcement action.
D10. CANDIDATES REQUEST FOR REVIEW

D10.1 A candidate can request a Full Review which is a comprehensive investigation into the
accuracy and integrity of examination content and materials delivered to the candidate during
a specific test.
D10.2 Candidates must formally request a ―Review‖ by emailing the request to

[email protected] providing the detail of paper to be reviewed.
D10.3 The review fee should be paid to PCAA by the candidate at the time of request in accordance
with PCAA publication ASC-004-LCXX ―Flight Crew Licence Examination charges and
Payment procedure‖.
D10.4 Review must be requested within 14 calendar days of the date of taking the examination in
question.
D10.5 The examination review fee is fully refundable if an error is found, and the candidate marks
are adjusted accordingly.
D10.6 This service is expected to be completed within 10 workings days of receipt of the request. A
message notification, explaining the findings and closing actions will be added to the 'User
Messages' area in the candidate portal.
D10.7 Candidates are also able to make comments against questions during an examination.
Entering a comment during the examination does not constitute a Full Review but comments
are reviewed by the e-Exams Subject Matter Experts (SMEs). Feedback is used to maintain
the integrity and effectiveness of the examination content and will be reviewed should a
candidate request a full technical review.
D11. PENALTIES FOR USING UNFAIR MEANS:

D11.1 Penalties resulting from improper conduct / using unfair means or cheating will be
determined by the PCAA PEL Directorate in consultation with the PCAA Legal branch.
Penalties as given in the Enforcement Manual and PCAA Policies shall be levied if it is
ascertained that the candidate is guilty of using unfair means. Penalties maybe time
barring, monetary or both. A written report of the incident along with the penalty levied
on the candidate will be sent to the ATO / Operator who had initially forwarded the
candidate‗s name for the examination.
D11.2 The material used in cheating / improper conduct e.g., mobile phones, books, written
material or any other electronic gadget will be confiscated and if required will be produced
as evidence the time of enquiry.
E. EVIDENCES(ACRONYMS/RECORDS/REFERENCES):
E1. ACRONYMS:
E1.1 ANO Air Navigation Order
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E1.2 ATO Approved Training Organization

E1.3 ATPL Airline Transport Pilot Licence
E1.4 CPL Commercial Pilot licence
E1.5 DOC Document
E1.6 ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
E1.7 MPL Multi-crew Pilot Licence
E1.8 PPL Private Pilot Licence
E2. RECORDS:
E1.1 Nil
E3. REFERENCES:
E3.1 CAA Technical Exams (Personnel Licences, Ratings & Certificates) (ANO-002-LCXX-3.0)
E3.2 Civil Aviation Rules (CARs-1994)
E3.3 Personnel Licensing (ICAO Annex-1)
E3.4 CAA Personnel Licensing Fee Schedule (ANO-021-LCXX)
IMPLEMENTATION
th
This Air Navigation Order shall be implemented with effect from 4 April, 2022.
(KHAQAN MURTAZA)
Director General,
Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority
Dated: ________April, 2022
(CAPT. MUHAMMAD ZIA KHAN)

Air Cdre. (Retd.)
Director Personnel Licensing
Dated: ________April, 2022

File: HQCAA/1136/296/LCXX
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APPENDIX “A” – ICAO ANNEX 1 TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE

REQUIREMENTS
1. PRIVATE PILOT LICENCE (PPL)

1.1. Air law
Rules and regulations relevant to the holder of a private pilot licence; rules of the air; altimeter
setting procedures; appropriate air traffic services practices and procedures;
1.2. Human performance
Human performance including principles of TEM;
Note. — Guidance material to design training programmes on human performance, including
TEM, can be found in the Human Factors Training Manual (Doc 9683).
1.3. Meteorology
Application of elementary aeronautical meteorology; use of, and procedures for obtaining,
meteorological information; altimetry; hazardous weather conditions;
1.4. Navigation
Practical aspects of air navigation and dead-reckoning techniques; use of aeronautical charts;
1.5. Radiotelephony
Communication procedures and phraseology as applied to VFR operations; action to be taken
in case of communication failure.
1.6. Aircraft general knowledge for aeroplanes and helicopters
a) principles of operation and functioning of engines, systems and instruments;
b) operating limitations of the relevant category of aircraft and engines; relevant operational
information from the flight manual or other appropriate document;
c) for helicopters, transmission (power trains) where applicable;
1.7. Flight performance, planning and loading
a) effects of loading and mass distribution on flight characteristics; mass and balance
calculations;
b) use and practical application of take-off, landing and other performance data;
c) pre-flight and en-route flight planning appropriate to private operations under VFR;
preparation and filing of air traffic services flight plans; appropriate air traffic services
procedures; position reporting procedures; altimeter setting procedures; operations in areas
of high-density traffic;
1.8. Operational procedures
a) application of TEM to operational performance;
Note:- Guidance material on the application of threat and error management (TEM) is found
in the Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Training (PANS-TRG, Doc 9868), Part II,
Section I in Chapter 6, and in the Human Factors Training Manual (Doc 9683).
b) altimeter setting procedures;
c) use of aeronautical documentation such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and
abbreviations;
d) appropriate precautionary and emergency procedures, including action to be taken to avoid
hazardous weather, wake turbulence and other operating hazards;
e) in the case of helicopters, settling with power; ground resonance; retreating blade stall;
dynamic rollover and other operating hazards; safety procedures, associated with flight in
VMC;
1.9. Principles of Flight
Principles of flight.
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2. COMMERCIAL PILOT LICENCE (CPL)

2.1 Air law
Rules and regulations relevant to the holder of a commercial pilot licence; rules of the air;
appropriate air traffic services practices and procedures;
2.2 Human performance
2.3 Meteorology
d) interpretation and application of aeronautical meteorological reports, charts and forecasts;
use of, and procedures for obtaining, meteorological information, pre-flight and in-flight;
altimetry;
e) aeronautical meteorology; climatology of relevant areas in respect of the elements having
an effect upon aviation; the movement of pressure systems, the structure of fronts, and the
origin and characteristics of significant weather phenomena which affect take-off, en-route
and landing conditions;
f) causes, recognition and effects of icing; frontal zone penetration procedures; hazardous
weather avoidance;
2.4 Navigation
a) air navigation, including the use of aeronautical charts, instruments and navigation aids; an
understanding of the principles and characteristics of appropriate navigation systems;
operation of airborne equipment;
2.5 Radiotelephony
Communication procedures and phraseology as applied to VFR operations; action to be taken
in case of communication failure.
2.6 Aircraft general knowledge for aeroplanes and helicopters
a) principles of operation and functioning of engines, systems and instruments;
b) operating limitations of the relevant category of aircraft and engines; relevant operational
information from the flight manual or other appropriate document;
c) use and serviceability checks of equipment and systems of appropriate aircraft;
d) maintenance procedures for airframes, systems and engines of appropriate aircraft;
e) for helicopters and transmission (power trains) where applicable;
2.7 Flight performance, planning and loading
a) effects of loading and mass distribution on aircraft handling, flight characteristics and
performance; mass and balance calculations;
b) use and practical application of take-off, landing and other performance data;
c) pre-flight and en-route flight planning appropriate to commercial operations under VFR;
preparation and filing of air traffic services flight plans; appropriate air traffic services
procedures; altimeter setting procedures;
d) in the case of helicopters, effects of external loading on handling;
2.8 Operational procedures

b) use of aeronautical documentation such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and
abbreviations;
04/04/2022 Page – A 2 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

c) altimeter setting procedures;

d) appropriate precautionary and emergency procedures;
e) operational procedures for carriage of freight; potential hazards associated with dangerous
goods;
f) requirements and practices for safety briefing to passengers, including precautions to be
observed when embarking and disembarking from aircraft;
g) in the case of helicopters, settling with power; ground resonance; retreating blade stall;
VMC;
2.9 Principles of flight
3. MULTI-CREW PILOT LICENCE

3.1 The applicant shall at least have met the requirements specified in the airline transport pilot
licence appropriate to the aeroplane category in an approved training course as well as the
additional requirements underpinning the approved adapted competency model. Training in
the underpinning knowledge requirements shall be fully integrated with the training of the
underpinning skill requirements.
4. AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT LICENCE (ATPL)

4.1 Air law
Rules and regulations relevant to the holder of an airline transport pilot licence; rules of the air;
appropriate air traffic services practices and procedures;
4.2 Human performance
4.3 Meteorology
a) interpretation and application of aeronautical meteorological reports, charts and forecasts;
codes and abbreviations; use of, and procedures for obtaining, meteorological information,
pre-flight and in-flight; altimetry;
b) aeronautical meteorology; climatology of relevant areas in respect of the elements having
an effect upon aviation; the movement of pressure systems, the structure of fronts, and the
origin and characteristics of significant weather phenomena which affect take-off, en-route
and landing conditions;
c) causes, recognition and effects of icing; frontal zone penetration procedures; hazardous
weather avoidance;
d) in the case of aeroplanes, practical high altitude meteorology, including interpretation and
use of weather reports, charts and forecasts; jet streams;
4.4 Navigation
a) air navigation, including the use of aeronautical charts, radio navigation aids and area
navigation systems; specific navigation requirements for long-range flights;
b) use, limitation and serviceability of avionics and instruments necessary for the control and
navigation of aircraft;
c) use, accuracy and reliability of navigation systems used in departure, en-route, approach
and landing phases of flight; identification of radio navigation aids;
d) principles and characteristics of self-contained and external-referenced navigation systems;
operation of airborne equipment;
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4.5 Radiotelephony
Communication procedures and phraseology; action to be taken in case of communication
failure.
4.6 Aircraft general knowledge for aeroplanes and helicopters
a) general characteristics and limitations of electrical, hydraulic, pressurization and other
aircraft systems; flight control systems, including autopilot and stability augmentation;
b) principles of operation, handling procedures and operating limitations of aircraft engines;
effects of atmospheric conditions on engine performance; relevant operational information
from the flight manual or other appropriate document;
c) operating procedures and limitations of the relevant category of aircraft; effects of
atmospheric conditions on aircraft performance in accordance with the relevant operational
information from the flight manual;
d) use and serviceability checks of equipment and systems of appropriate aircraft;
e) flight instruments; compasses, turning and acceleration errors; gyroscopic instruments,
operational limits and precession effects; practices and procedures in the event of
malfunctions of various flight instruments and electronic display units;
f) maintenance procedures for airframes, systems and engines of appropriate aircraft;
g) for helicopters, transmission (power trains) where applicable;
4.7 Flight performance, planning and loading
a) effects of loading and mass distribution on aircraft handling, flight characteristics and
performance; mass and balance calculations;
b) use and practical application of take-off, landing and other performance data, including
procedures for cruise control;
c) pre-flight and en-route operational flight planning; preparation and filing of air traffic
services flight plans; appropriate air traffic services procedures; altimeter setting
procedures;
d) in the case of helicopters, effects of external loading on handling;
4.8 Operational procedures
b) interpretation and use of aeronautical documentation such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical
codes and abbreviations;
c) precautionary and emergency procedures; safety practices;
d) operational procedures for carriage of freight and dangerous goods;
e) requirements and practices for safety briefing to passengers, including precautions to be
observed when embarking and disembarking from aircraft; operational procedures for
carriage of freight; potential hazards associated with dangerous goods;
a) requirements and practices for safety briefing to passengers, including precautions to be
observed when embarking and disembarking from aircraft;
b) in the case of helicopters, settling with power; ground resonance; retreating blade stall;
VMC;
4.9 Principles of flight
04/04/2022 Page – A 4 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

APPENDIX “B” - PPL (A&H) e-EXAMS SYLLABI
The candidate is required to pass the following papers for theoretical knowledge examinations for the
issuance of PPL (A or H).
Code Subject PPL (A) PPL (H)

010 Air Law  
020 Aircraft General Knowledge (Airframes /
Systems / Power plants / Emergency  
Equipment / Instrumentation)
030 Flight Planning - Mass & Balance and
 
Performance
040 Human performance  
050 Meteorology  
060 Navigation  
070 Operational procedures  
081 Principles of Flight (Aeroplane)  -
082 Principles of Flight (Helicopters) - 
090 Communications  
The tables below provide a high-level syllabus overview for each licence category, including exam
duration, and total number of questions.
To view the detailed Syllabus and Learning Objectives for each subject, please refer to the PCAA
website.
Subject: 010 – PPL AIR LAW AND ATC PROCEDURES

Theoretical knowledge examination
Exam duration and total number of questions
PPL(A) PPL(H) Syllabus area
Time (hr) 0:50 0:50
International law: conventions, agreements and
010 01 X x organizations
010 02 X x ICAO Annex 8: Airworthiness of aircraft
010 03 X x ICAO Annex 7: Aircraft nationality and registration
010 04 X x marks
ICAO Annex 1: Personnel licensing
010 05 X x ICAI Annex 2: Rules of the air
010 06 X x Air Navigation Services – Aircraft operations
010 07 X x Air Traffic Services and Air Traffic Management
010 08 X x ICAO Annex 11: Doc. 4444 air traffic management
010 09 X x ICAO Annex 15: Aeronautical information service
010 10 X x ICAO Annex 14: Volume 1 and 2: Aerodromes
010 11 X x ICAO Annex 12: Search and Rescue
010 12 X x ICAO Annex 17: Security
010 13 X x ICAO Annex 13: Aircraft accident and incident
01014 X x investigation
National Law
Total
16 16
Questions
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Subject: 020 – PPL AIRCRAFT GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Time (hr) 0:50 0:50
PART 1 AIRFRAME AND SYSTEMS, ELECTRICS, POWERPLANT AND EMERGENCY
EQUIPMENT
021 01 x x Loads/stresses/fatigue/corrosion /maintenance
021 02 x x Airframe
021 03 x x Hydromechanics: basic principles
021 04 x x Landing gear, wheels, tyres & brakes
021 05 x Helicopter equipment
021 06 x x Flight controls
021 07 x x Fuel systems
021 08 x x Electrics
021 09 x x Piston engines
021 10 x Turbine engines
021 11 x Protection & detection Smoke/fire
021 12 x Rotor design
021 13 x Rotor heads
021 14 x Helicopter transmission
021 15 x Auxiliary systems
021 16 x Drive shaft and associated installation
021 17 x Helicopter blades
PART 2 INSTRUMENTATION
022 01 x x Instrument and indication systems
022 02 x x Measurement of aerodynamic parameters
022 03 x x Earth magnetic field
022 04 x x Gyroscopic instruments
022 05 x x Communication systems
022 06 x x Alerting systems and proximity systems
022 07 x x Integrated instruments: electronic displays
Total 16 16
Questions
04/04/2022 Page – B 2 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

Subject: 030 – PPL FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING

Time (hr) 1:00 1:00

PART 1 MASS AND BALANCE
031 01 x x Purpose of Mass and balance
031 02 x x Loading
031 03 x x Mass and balance details of aircraft
031 04 x x Determination of CG position
PART 2 PERFORMANCE
032 01 x General Performance Theory
034 01 x Performance Helicopters - General
034 02 x Applicability of airworthiness requirements
034 03 x Definitions and terminology
PART 3 FLIGHT PLANNING AND MONITORING
033 01 x x VFR Navigation plan, Fuel Plan, Fuel calculation
033 02 x x Pre-flight preparation
033 03 x x ICAO Fuel plan (ATS flight plan)
033 04 x x Flight monitoring and in-flight replanning
Total 12 12
Questions
Subject: 040 – PPL HUMAN PERFORMANCE

PPL(A&H) Syllabus area
Time (hr) 0:40

040 01 x Human Factors: Basic concepts
040 02 x Man and Environment
040 03 x Health and hygiene
040 04 x Basic Aviation psychology
040 05 x Human error and reliability
040 06 x Decision making
040 07 x Avoiding and managing errors: cockpit management
040 08 x Human behaviour
040 09 x Human overload and underload
Total 12
Questions
04/04/2022 Page – B 3 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

Subject: 050 – PPL METEOROLOGY

Time (hr) 1:05min

050 01 x The atmosphere
050 02 x ICAO standard atmosphere
050 03 x Wind
050 04 x Thermodynamics
050 05 x Clouds and fog
050 06 x Precipitation
050 07 x Air masses and fronts
050 08 x Pressure systems
050 09 x Climatology
050 10 x Flight hazards
050 11 x Meteorology information
Total 16
Questions
Subject: 060 – PPL NAVIGATION

Time (hr) 1:00
061 01 x Basics of navigation
061 02 x Magnetism and compasses
061 03 x Charts
061 04 x Dead reckoning navigation
061 05 x In flight navigation
061 06 x Flight Log
061 07 x Radio Navigation
061 08 x Radio Aids
061 09 x Radar
061 10 x GNSS
Total 12
Questions
04/04/2022 Page – B 4 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

Subject: 070 – PPL OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

Exam duration and total number of questions.
Time (hr) 0:45 0:45

070 01 x x General requirements
070 02 x x Special Operational Procedures and hazards (
general aspects)
070 03 x x Noise abatement
070 04 x x Fire or smoke
070 05 x x Windshear and microburst
070 06 x x Wake turbulence
070 07 x x Emergency and precautionary landings
070 08 x x Contaminated runways
070 09 x Rotor downwash
070 10 x Operation influence by meteorological conditions
070 11 x (Helicopter)
Emergency procedures
Total 12 12
Questions
04/04/2022 Page – B 5 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

Subject: 081 – PPL PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT (AEROPLANES)

PPL(A) Syllabus area
Time (hr) 0:50
081 01 x Subsonic aerodynamics
081 02 x The two-dimensional airflow about an aerofoil
081 03 x The coefficients
081 04 x The three-dimensional airflow round a wing and a fuselage
081 05 x Drag
081 06 x The ground effect
081 07 x Flow separation at increasing angles of attack:
081 08 x CL augmentation
081 09 x The boundary layer
081 10 x Special circumstances
081 11 x Stability
081 12 x Methods of achieving balance
081 13 x Static and dynamic longitudinal stability
081 14 x Dynamic lateral or directional stability
081 15 x Control
081 16 x Pitch control
081 17 x Yaw control
081 18 x Aerodynamic balance
081 19 x Mass & Balance - Reasons to balance: means
081 20 x Trimming
081 21 x Limitations
081 22 x Manoeuvring envelope
081 23 x Gust envelope
081 24 x Propellers
081 25 x Engine failure or engine stop
081 26 x Moments due to propeller operation
081 27 x Flight mechanics
Total 12
Questions
04/04/2022 Page – B 6 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

Subject: 082 – PPL PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT (HELICOPTERS)

PPL(H) Syllabus area
Time (hr) 0:50

082 01 x Subsonic aerodynamics
082 02 x Transonic and compressibility effects
082 03 x Rotorcraft types
082 04 x Main rotor aerodynamics
082 05 x Main rotor mechanics
082 06 x Tail rotors
082 07 x Equilibrium, stability and control
082 08 x Helicopter performances
Total 12
Questions
Subject: 090 – PPL COMMUNICATIONS

COMMUNICATIONS
Time (hr) 0:35

091 01 x Definitions
091 02 x General operating procedures
091 03 x Weather information terms (VFR)
091 04 x Action required to be taken in case of communication failure
091 05 x General principles of VFR propagation and allocation of
frequencies
Total 12
Questions
04/04/2022 Page – B 7 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

APPENDIX “C” -- CPL, MPL, ATPL (A&H) e-EXAMS SYLLABI
The candidate is required to pass following papers for theoretical knowledge examination for issuance
of CPL / MPL / ATPL.
Code CPL (A) CPL (H) MPL / ATPL (A) ATPL (H)/IR
010 Air Law    
021 Aircraft General Knowledge –
Airframes /Systems / Power    
plants
022 Aircraft General Knowledge –
   
Instrumentation
031 Flight Performance & Planning -
   
Mass & Balance
032 Flight Performance & Planning –
 -  -
Performance (A)
   
Flight Planning & Monitoring
-  - 
Performance (H)
040 Human performance    
050 Meteorology    
061 General Navigation    
062 Radio Navigation    
071 Operational Procedures    
081 Principles of Flight (A)  -  -
082 Principles of Flight (H) -  - 
091 VFR Communications    
092 IFR Communication - -  
The tables below provide a high-level syllabus overview for each licence category, including exam
duration, distribution of questions and total number of questions.
PLEASE NOTE:
Multi Pilot Licence (MPL)
In accordance with ICAO Annex 1 and PCAA requirements, the applicant for an MPL shall at least have
met the theoretical knowledge requirements specified in the airline transport pilot licence appropriate to
the aeroplane category in an approved training course as well as the additional requirements
underpinning the approved adapted competency model. Training in the underpinning knowledge
requirements shall be fully integrated with the training of the underpinning skill requirements.
To view the detailed Syllabus and Learning Objectives for each subject PLEASE REFER TO THE
PCAA WEBSITE
04/04/2022 Page – C 1
ANO-033-LCXX-1.0
CAA TECHNICAL EXAMINATIONS (PPL / CPL / ATPL / MPL)
Subject: 010 – AIR LAW – PCAA National Variations to be checked

Exam duration , total number of questions and distribution of questions
ATPL(A) CPL(A) ATPL(H)/IR CPL(H) Syllabus area
Time (hr) 1:00 0:45 1:00 0:45
Distribution of questions with regard to the topics of the syllabus
010 01 02 01 02 01 International law: conventions, agreements and organizations
010 02 01 01 01 01 Airworthiness of aircraft

010 03 01 01 01 01 Aircraft nationality
010 04 02 02 02 02 Personnel licensing
010 05 09 08 09 08 Rules of the air
010 06 07 04 07 04 Air Navigation Services – Aircraft operations
010 07 08 06 08 06 Air Traffic Services and Air Traffic Management
010 08 02 02 02 02 Aeronautical Information Services

010 09 06 04 06 04 Aerodromes (Annex 14- Design and Ops)
010 10 01 01 01 01 Facilitation (Annex 9)
010 11 01 01 01 01 Search and Rescue
010 12 03 01 03 01 Security
010 13 01 01 01 01 Aircraft accident and incident investigation
Total 44 33 44 33
Questions
04/04/2022 Page – C 2 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

Subject: 021 – AIRCRAFT GENERAL KNOWLEDGE – AIRFRAME/SYSTEMS/POWER PLANT

Exam duration, total number of questions and distribution of questions

Time (hr) 2:00 1:30 2:00 1:30
021 01 02 01 02 01 Loads/stresses/fatigue/corrosion /maintenance
021 02 03 03 03 02 Airframe construction & materials
021 03 05 03 04 03 Hydraulics
021 04 06 05 03 02 Landing gear, wheels, tyres & brakes
021 05 07 04 05 03 Flight controls

021 06 05 03 02 01 Pressurization and air conditioning
021 07 03 03 02 01 Anti and De-icing
021 08 05 03 03 02 Fuel systems
021 09 12 09 12 09 Electrics
021 10 06 14 08 10 Piston engines +props (A)
021 11 20 09 20 13 Turbine engines
021 12 03 02 02 01 Protection & detection Smoke/fire
021 13 03 01 Oxygen systems
021 14 01 01 Helicopter miscellaneous
021 15 04 03 Helicopter rotor heads
021 16 06 05 Helicopter transmission
021 17 03 03 Helicopter blades
Total 80 60 80 60
Questions
04/04/2022 Page – C 3 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

Subject: 022 – AIRCRAFT GENERAL KNOWLEDGE – INSTRUMENTATION

Time (hr) 1:30 1:00 1:30 1:00
022 01 07 07 09 08 Sensors /gauges
022 02 08 07 10 08 Pressure instruments/ AOA /temperature /ADC
022 03 03 03 04 03 Magnetism/DRMC/ flux valve
022 04 05 05 07 06 Gyroscopic instruments
022 05 03 03 INS & IRS
022 06 08 06 Auto flight control systems (A)
022 07 07 04 Auto flight control systems (H)
022 08 03 02 Trim/Yaw damper/flight envelope protection
022 09 02 Autothrottle and automatic thrust control system
022 10 02 Communication systems
022 11 04 04 Flight Management Systems
022 12 09 05 09 06 Alerting & proximity systems
022 13 04 04 05 04 Integrated systems/electronic displays
022 14 01 01 Maintenance, monitoring and recording systems

022 15 01 01 Digital circuits and computers
Total 60 39 60 39
Questions
04/04/2022 Page – C 4 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

Subject: 031– FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING - MASS AND BALANCE

Time (hr) 1:00 1:00 1:00 1:00
031 01 03 03 03 03 Purpose of Mass and balance
031 02 08 08 09 09 Loading
031 03 01 01 01 01 Fundamentals of CG calculations
031 04 04 05 05 05 Moments/BEM CG/ %MAC
031 05 07 06 05 05 Determination CG/Load &Trim sheets/Effect of shift-add-remove on CG
031 06 02 02 02 02 Cargo handling /area & running load limitations
Total 25 25 25 25
Question
s
Subject: 032 – FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING – PERFORMANCE (AEROPLANES)
Time (hr) 1:00 0:45
032 01 09 12 General Performance Theory
032 02 02 05 Class B- Single Engine Aeroplanes
032 03 04 08 Class B- Multi Engine Aeroplanes
032 04 20 Performance Class A
Total 35 25
Questions
04/04/2022 Page – C 5 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

Subject: 033 – FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING – FLIGHT PLANNING AND MONITORING
Time (hr) 2:00 1:30 2:00 1:30
033 01 05 10 09 12 VFR Navigation plan
033 02 11 11 IFR Navigation plan
033 03 13 12 09 09 Fuel planning
033 04 04 01 04 01 Pre flight preparation
033 05 05 05 05 06 ICAO flight plan
033 06 05 05 05 05 Flight monitoring and in -flight replanning
Total 43 33 43 33
Questions
04/04/2022 Page – C 6 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

Subject: 034 – FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING – PERFORMANCE (HELICOPTERS)

Time (hr) 1:00 0:45

034 01 15 15 General Performance Theory
034 02 05 05 Performance Class 3
034 03 05 Performance Class 2
034 04 10 Performance Class 1
Total 35 20
Questions
Subject: 040 – HUMAN PERFORMANCE

Time (hr) 1:00 0:45 1:00 0:45

040 01 02 01 02 01 Human Factors: Basic concepts
040 02 28 21 28 21 Basics of Flight Physiology
040 03 18 14 18 14 Basic Aviation Psychology
Total 48 36 48 36
Questions
04/04/2022 Page – C 7 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

Subject: 050 – METEOROLOGY

Time (hr) 2:00 1:30 2:00 1:30

050 01 11 09 11 09 The atmosphere
050 02 10 06 10 06 Wind
050 03 04 04 04 04 Thermodynamics
050 04 07 06 07 06 Clouds and fog
050 05 02 02 02 02 Precipitation
050 06 07 06 07 06 Air masses and fronts
050 07 06 02 06 02 Pressure systems
050 08 08 03 08 03 Climatology
050 09 13 11 13 11 Flight hazards
050 10 16 14 16 14 Meteorology information
Total 84 63 84 63
Questions
04/04/2022 Page – C 8 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

Subject: 061 – GENERAL NAVIGATION

Time (hr) 2:00 1:30 2:00 1:30

061 01 15 10 15 10 Basics of navigation
061 02 01 01 01 01 Magnetism and compasses
061 03 14 12 14 12 Charts
061 04 16 11 16 11 Dead reckoning navigation
061 05 14 11 14 11 In flight navigation
Total 60 45 60 45
Questions
Subject: 062 – RADIO NAVIGATION

Time (hr) 1:30 0:30 1:30 0:30
062 01 07 04 07 04 Basic radio propagation theory
062 02 21 11 21 11 Radio aids
062 03 12 02 12 02 Radar
062 04
062 05 10 15 Area Navigation systems
062 06 11 05 11 05 Global Navigation systems
062 07 5 PBN
Total 66 22 66 22
Questions
04/04/2022 Page – C 9 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

Subject: 070 – OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

Time (hr) 1:15 0:45 1:00 0:45

071 01 25 18 21 16 General requirements
071 02 20 12 14 12 Special Operational Procedures and hazards
071 03 03 02 Emergency procedures (helicopters)
Total 45 30 38 30
Questions
Subject: 081 – PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT (AEROPLANES)

ATPL(A) CPL(A) CPL(H) Syllabus area
Time (hr) 1:00 0:45

081 01 17 14 Subsonic aerodynamics
081 02 06 High speed aerodynamics
081 03
081 04 05 05 Stability
081 05 04 03 Control
081 06 03 03 Limitations
081 07 04 03 Propellers
081 08 05 05 Flight mechanics
Total 44 33
Questions
04/04/2022 Page – C 10 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

Subject: 082 – PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT (HELICOPTERS)

ATPL(A) CPL(A ATPL(H)/IR CPL(H) Syllabus area
)
Time (hr) 1:00 1:00
082 01 05 05 Subsonic aerodynamics
082 02 03 03 Transonic and compressibility effects
082 03 01 01 Rotorcraft types
082 04 12 12 Main rotor aerodynamics
082 05 10 10 Main rotor mechanics
082 06 05 05 Tail rotors
082 07 05 05 Equilibrium, stability and control
082 08 03 03 Helicopter flight mechanics
Total 44 44
Questions
04/04/2022 Page – C 11 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

Subject: 091 – VFR COMMUNICATIONS

Time 0:30 0:30 0:30 0:30
Distribution
(hr) of questions with regard to the topics of the syllabus
091 01 05 05 05 05 Definitions
091 02 12 12 12 12 General operating procedures
091 03 02 02 02 02 Weather information terms
091 04 02 02 02 02 Action communication failure
091 05 02 02 02 02 Distress and urgency procedures
091 06 01 01 01 01 General principles of propagation and allocation of frequencies
Total 24 24 24 24
Question
s
Subject: 092 – IFR COMMUNICATIONS

ATPL(A CPL(A) ATPL(H)/IR ATPL(H) CPL(H Syllabus area
Time (hr) ) 0:30 0:30 )
092 01 05 05 Definitions
092 02 11 11 General operating procedures
092 03 02 02 Action to be taken in case of communication failure
092 04 02 02 Distress and urgency procedures
092 05 02 02 Relevant weather information term
092 06 02 02 General principles of propagation and allocation of frequencies
092 07 Morse code
Total
24 24
Questions
04/04/2022 Page – C 12 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

04/04/2022 Page – C 13 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

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PCAA TECHNICAL EXAMINATIONS

FOR THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE

AIR NAVIGATION ORDER

NAME DESIGNATION SIGNATURE

Air Cdre. (Retd) Director Personnel

Dy. Director General

TYPE OF DOCUMENT AIR NAVIGATION ORDER (ANO).

D2. DETAILS OF TECHNICAL EXAMINATIONS

S. No. Licence / Rating / Certificate Appendix

D3. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS – PAPER SETTING:

D4. REGISTERING TO SIT EXAMS

04/04/2022 Page 2 of 9 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

Specifying ATO / Eligibility to Sit Examinations

Photographic Identification (ID) Requirements

 Computerized National Identity Card (CNIC) issued by NADRA

04/04/2022 Page 3 of 9 ANO-033-LCXX-1.0

D5. PAYMENT AND BOOKING PROCEDURE

Transfer and Cancellation fee

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Action PKR Rules

Up to seven (7) calendar days before the first scheduled e-

After booking and up to seven (7) calendar days before the

Did Not Sit Full loss of fee

D6. EXAMINATION VALIDITY & THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE CREDIT

D7. CONDUCT OF PCAA TECHNICAL THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE e-EXAMS:

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D7.8 The following is strictly prohibited:

D8. EXAMINATION RESULTS AND KNOWLEDGE DEFICIENCY REPORTS:

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D9. RE-TRAINING PERIODS AND EXAM RESITS

D9.8 As a minimum, PCAA would expect the theory provider to:

Evidence from a Theory Provider or CFI

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a. The name and reference number of candidate;

D10. CANDIDATES REQUEST FOR REVIEW

D10.2 Candidates must formally request a ―Review‖ by emailing the request to

D11. PENALTIES FOR USING UNFAIR MEANS:

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E1.2 ATO Approved Training Organization

(CAPT. MUHAMMAD ZIA KHAN)

Dated: ________April, 2022

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APPENDIX “A” – ICAO ANNEX 1 TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE

1. PRIVATE PILOT LICENCE (PPL)

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2. COMMERCIAL PILOT LICENCE (CPL)

a) application of TEM to operational performance;

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c) altimeter setting procedures;

3. MULTI-CREW PILOT LICENCE

4. AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT LICENCE (ATPL)

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APPENDIX “B” - PPL (A&H) e-EXAMS SYLLABI

Code Subject PPL (A) PPL (H)

Subject: 010 – PPL AIR LAW AND ATC PROCEDURES

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Subject: 020 – PPL AIRCRAFT GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

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