Mary Grace P.

Espiritu June 30, 2023

BSCRIM 2

1. Define correctly what management is:

Management as a process refers to the activities involved in planning, organizing, leading, and
controlling resources to achieve organizational goals effectively and efficiently.

Management as a discipline encompasses the body of knowledge, theories, principles, and

practices that are studied and applied to effectively manage organizations and their resources.

Management as an art refers to the skillful application of knowledge, experience, and creativity
in making decisions, solving problems, and achieving desired outcomes in a dynamic and
unpredictable business environment.

Management as a group refers to the individuals who are responsible for coordinating and
directing the activities of others within an organization to achieve common goals and objectives.

Management as a science involves the systematic study and analysis of management principles
and practices using scientific methods to develop theories, models, and frameworks for effective
management.

Management as a profession implies that individuals engage in management activities as a

recognized occupation that requires specialized knowledge, skills, and ethical standards. It
involves professional development, continuous learning, and adherence to professional codes of
conduct.

2. Describe the different managerial levels

a. First line managers: These are the managers who are responsible for supervising and
overseeing the work of non-managerial employees. They are typically directly involved in day-
to-day operations and are responsible for ensuring that tasks are completed efficiently and
effectively. First line managers have a hands-on approach and are often the closest to the
employees.
b. Middle level managers: Middle level managers are responsible for managing a specific
department or division within an organization. They bridge the gap between top management and
first line managers. Their primary role is to implement the strategies and policies set by top
management and ensure that they are effectively executed. They are also responsible for
coordinating and communicating between different departments, as well as providing guidance
and support to first line managers.

c. Top managers: Top managers are at the highest level of the organizational hierarchy. They are
responsible for setting the overall direction, goals, and strategies of the organization. Top
managers make decisions that affect the entire organization and are responsible for its overall
performance. They have a broad view of the organization and focus on long-term planning,
strategic decision-making, and establishing relationships with external stakeholders. Examples of
top managers include CEOs, presidents, and board of directors.

3. Define briefly what is behavioral management is and its importance in an

organization.
Behavioral management is an approach to management that focuses on understanding and
influencing the behavior of employees within an organization. It emphasizes the importance of
creating a positive work environment, motivating employees, and promoting effective
communication and teamwork.
Behavioral management recognizes that employees' behavior can have a significant impact on
their performance and productivity. By understanding and addressing the factors that influence
behavior, managers can create a supportive and engaging work culture that encourages
employees to perform at their best.
Importance of behavioral management in an organization:
1. Employee motivation: Behavioral management techniques, such as providing feedback,
recognition, and rewards, can help motivate employees to achieve their goals and improve their
performance.
2. Employee engagement: By fostering a positive work environment and promoting open
communication, behavioral management can increase employee engagement and job satisfaction.
3. Conflict resolution: Behavioral management techniques can help managers identify and
address conflicts among employees, promoting a harmonious work environment.
4. Teamwork and collaboration: By encouraging effective communication and teamwork,
behavioral management can enhance collaboration and cooperation among employees, leading to
improved productivity.
5. Performance improvement: Behavioral management focuses on identifying and addressing
barriers to performance, allowing managers to provide the necessary support and resources to
help employees improve their skills and achieve their targets.
6. Employee development: Through coaching, training, and mentoring programs, behavioral
management can support the professional growth and development of employees, contributing to
their long-term success within the organization.

4. Discuss the environmental influence in decision making.

Environmental influence refers to the external factors that can impact an individual's decision-
making process. These factors can include the social, cultural, economic, and political conditions
in which the decision is being made. The environment in which decisions are made can have a
significant influence on the choices individuals make.
1. Social and cultural factors: Social norms and cultural values play a crucial role in decision
making. People are often influenced by the expectations and opinions of their social groups and
may make decisions based on what is considered socially acceptable or culturally appropriate.
2. Economic factors: Economic conditions, such as the availability of resources, financial
constraints, and market trends, can heavily influence decision making. Individuals may consider
factors such as cost, potential financial gain, and economic stability when making choices.
3. Political factors: Political factors, including government regulations, policies, and laws, can
impact decision making. Organizations and individuals must consider the legal and political
implications of their decisions to ensure compliance and avoid potential consequences.
4. Environmental factors: The physical environment can also influence decision making.
Factors such as climate, geography, and natural resources can impact the choices individuals and
organizations make. For example, a company may consider environmental sustainability when
making decisions about production processes or resource allocation.
5. Technological factors: Advances in technology can significantly impact decision making.
The availability of new tools, software, and data can provide individuals and organizations with
additional information and options when making decisions.
6. Time constraints: The time available to make a decision can also influence the choices
individuals make. In time-sensitive situations, individuals may rely on heuristics or shortcuts to
make decisions quickly, which can lead to biases and suboptimal outcomes.
Understanding and considering these environmental influences is essential for effective decision
making. By recognizing the external factors that can impact choices, individuals and
organizations can make more informed decisions that align with their goals and values.

5. Discuss the characteristics of decision making.

The characteristics of decision making include:
1. Rationality: Decision making is often seen as a rational process, where individuals weigh the
pros and cons of different options and choose the one that maximizes their objectives. However,
it is important to note that decision making is not always purely rational, as emotions and biases
can also play a role.
2. Uncertainty: Decision making often involves dealing with uncertainty, as individuals may not
have complete information or knowledge about the potential outcomes of their choices. This
uncertainty can create risks and challenges in making decisions.
3. Complexity: Many decisions are complex, involving multiple variables and factors that need
to be considered. Decision makers may need to analyze and evaluate various options and their
potential consequences before making a choice.
4. Trade-offs: Decision making often involves making trade-offs between different options.
Individuals must consider the costs, benefits, and potential risks associated with each choice and
prioritize their objectives accordingly.
5. Subjectivity: Decision making is subjective, as it is influenced by an individual's personal
values, beliefs, experiences, and biases. Different individuals may make different decisions based
on their unique perspectives and preferences.
6. Consequences: Decisions have consequences, both intended and unintended. Decision makers
must consider the potential outcomes and impacts of their choices on themselves, others, and the
broader environment.
7. Time sensitivity: Some decisions need to be made quickly, while others require more time for
careful consideration. The time available to make a decision can influence the decision-making
process and the quality of the decision.
8. Feedback and learning: Decision making is an iterative process that involves learning from
past decisions and feedback. Individuals can use feedback from previous decisions to improve
their future decision-making skills and outcomes.
9. Group dynamics: Decision making can occur in individual or group settings. Group decision
making involves considering the perspectives and input of multiple individuals, which can lead
to more diverse and potentially better decisions. However, group dynamics can also introduce
challenges such as conflicts and biases.
Overall, decision making is a complex and multifaceted process that involves considering
multiple factors, dealing with uncertainty, and making trade-offs. Understanding the
characteristics of decision making can help individuals and organizations make more effective
and informed choices.

6. Enumerate and discuss the 9 nine characteristics of a good decision.

1. Rationality: A good decision should be based on a rational and logical thought process. It
should involve considering all relevant information, analyzing the options, and choosing the one
that aligns with the individual or organization's objectives.
2. Objectivity: A good decision should be free from personal biases, emotions, or external
influences. It should be based on objective criteria and facts, rather than personal preferences or
subjective opinions.
3. Consistency: A good decision should be consistent with previous decisions and actions. It
should align with the individual or organization's values, principles, and long-term goals.
Consistency helps build trust and credibility in decision making.
4. Transparency: A good decision should be transparent, meaning that the rationale behind the
decision-making process and the factors considered should be clear and accessible to others.
Transparency promotes accountability and allows for feedback and evaluation.

5. Flexibility: A good decision should be flexible enough to adapt to changing circumstances or

new information. It should allow for adjustments or revisions if necessary, without
compromising the overall effectiveness of the decision.
6. Ethical Considerations: A good decision should take into account ethical considerations and
adhere to moral principles. It should consider the potential impact on stakeholders, society, and
the environment, and strive to make choices that are morally right.
7. Long-term Orientation: A good decision should have a long-term perspective and consider
the potential consequences and impacts over time. It should not focus solely on short-term gains
or immediate benefits but also consider the sustainability and long-term viability of the decision.
8. Collaboration: A good decision should involve collaboration and input from relevant
stakeholders. It should consider different perspectives, expertise, and diverse opinions to ensure a
more comprehensive and well-rounded decision-making process.
9. Learning and Improvement: A good decision-making process should include a feedback
loop for learning and improvement. It should allow for reflection on the outcomes of previous
decisions, identify areas for improvement, and apply those lessons to future decision-making
processes.

By incorporating these characteristics into the decision-making process, individuals and

organizations can strive for more effective, informed, and ethical decisions that align with their
objectives and values.