INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 21751

First edition
2011-04-01

Plastics pipes and fittings — Decohesion

test of electrofusion assemblies — Strip-
bend test
Tubes et raccords en matières plastiques — Essai de décohésion des
assemblages électrosoudables — Essai de pliage d'une languette

Reference number
ISO 21751:2011(E)

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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 21751 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 138, Plastics pipes, fittings and valves for the
transport of fluids, Subcommittee SC 5, General properties of pipes, fittings and valves of plastic materials and
their accessories — Test methods and basic specifications.
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 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21751:2011(E)

Plastics pipes and fittings — Decohesion test of electrofusion

assemblies — Strip-bend test

1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a strip-bend test method for the evaluation of ductility of the fusion joint
interface of assemblies of pipe and electrofusion fittings and saddle fittings intended for the conveyance of
fluids.

It is applicable to polyolefin assemblies.

NOTE The aim of the strip-bend test method is to provide a quick check in order to have an indication of the ductility
of the electrofusion interface.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 11413, Plastics pipes and fittings — Preparation of test piece assemblies between a polyethylene (PE)
pipe and an electrofusion fitting

3 Symbols
s width of test strip

l length of brittle fracture

Ld brittle failure, expressed as a percentage --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

y length of fusion zone at location of brittle fracture

4 Principle
The purpose of the test is to check the failure behaviour of an electrofusion assembly by examination of the
fusion interface of a strip test piece, which is bent manually using an appropriate tool. The test is conducted at
(23 ± 2) °C.

The ductility of the fusion joint interface of the assembly is characterized by the type of failure in the fusion
zone and by the percentage of fusion area in which there is a lack of cohesion.

NOTE It is assumed that the required number of test pieces (see 6.2) is set by the standard or specification making
reference to this International Standard.

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5 Apparatus
The apparatus shall include the following main parts.

5.1 Band-saw or equivalent tool, for preparation of the test pieces.

5.2 Bench vice, with sufficient width to clamp the total length of the fusion zone under test; clamps
undamaged.

5.3 Pliers, with clamp width 10 mm for nominal pipe diameters up to and including 75 mm and clamp width

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25 mm for nominal pipe diameters greater than 75 mm; clamps undamaged.

6 Test piece

6.1 Preparation of test pieces

Pipes and fittings shall be jointed according to the manufacturer's instructions and under conditions given in
the product standard. For polyethylene (PE) assemblies, the conditions for electrofusion shall be as specified
in ISO 11413.

The minimum pipe lengths shall be 250 mm or two times the pipe diameter, whichever is the greater. The pipe
ends shall be cut back after fusion to achieve at least 25 mm projection from the edge of the electrofusion
fitting.

For socket assemblies, cut at least four strips for nominal pipe diameters up to and including 75 mm or at least
eight strips for nominal pipe diameters greater than 75 mm from each socket, along the longitudinal axis of the
assembly and equally spaced around the circumference, with a width s = (2,5 ± 0,5) mm for nominal pipe
( )
diameters up to and including 75 mm or s = 4 +−21 mm for nominal pipe diameters greater than 75 mm. See
Figure 1. The length equals the complete length of the assembly. The strips shall include the position of
maximum gap between the fitting and the pipe, identified by visual examination prior to sectioning.

For saddles, at least four strips shall be taken from planes through the branch axis or axis of the tapping unit,
of which one strip shall belong to the main pipe axis and one strip shall be perpendicular to the main pipe axis.
The other strips shall be taken at 45° of the aforementioned strip positions. The width s of the strips shall be
( )
s = (2,5 ± 0,5) mm for nominal main pipe diameters up to and including 75 mm or s = 4 +−21 mm for nominal
main pipe diameters greater than 75 mm.

In case of fittings with fusion lengths greater than or equal to 50 mm, the length of the fusion zone may be
segmented into sections of maximum 25 mm, starting from the ends of the fusion zone. These sections may
be obtained by introducing slits in the fitting part of the strips.

Key
1 pipe
2 fitting

Figure 1 — Preparation of strips from an electrofusion socket assembly

2
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6.2 Number of test pieces

Unless otherwise specified by the referring standard or specification, the number of test pieces shall be three.

7 Conditioning
Between the fusion and the machining operations, the assembly shall be conditioned for at least 4 h at
ambient temperature. Polybutylene (PB) assemblies shall be conditioned according to the recommendations
of the manufacturer.

After preparation of the strips from the assembly, the strips shall be conditioned at the test temperature of
(23 ± 2) °C for at least 1 h.

8 Procedure

For each strip, carry out the following procedure at (23 ± 2) °C. (See Figure 2 for a schematic representation
of the test setup.)

a) Clamp the fitting part of the strip into the bench vice just below the level of the electrical wires. The bench
vice shall be tightened manually.

b) Clamp the pipe into the pliers. If the width of clamps does not cover the complete fusion zone, start from
one end of the fusion zone. If adjustable pliers are used, the tightening force shall be set such that
slippage of the test piece in the pliers is prevented.

c) Move the pliers smoothly in 2 s to 3 s over an angle of about 90° (or until contact between the vice and
the pliers) in one direction, then back to the original position. Continue over about 90° in the other
direction, then back again to the original position. Reposition the pliers on the pipe at a distance that
corresponds to the width of the plier jaws and repeat the operation until the other end of the fusion zone is
reached.

d) Report the position and type of break (brittle or ductile).

NOTE Typical failure patterns are characterized in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6;

e) Measure and record the largest length of brittle fracture (l) and the total length of the fusion zone at the
same location (y).

l
f) Calculate the percentage of brittle failure, Ld, using the following equation: L d = × 100 (%) .
y
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NOTE See Annex A for recommended value of Ld.

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Key
1 pipe
2 fitting
3 bench vice
4 pliers

Figure 2 — Positioning of strip

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Figure 3 — Typical brittle fracture – view on fracture surface

4
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Figure 4 — Typical brittle fracture – side view

Figure 5 — Typical ductile fracture between wires – view on fracture surface

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Figure 6 — Typical ductile fracture between wires – side view

9 Test report

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The test report shall include the following information:
a) reference to this International Standard;
b) identification of each of the components of the assembly;

c) nominal size of the fitting;

d) fusion conditions used when preparing the assemblies;
e) test temperature;
f) clamping width of plier jaws;
g) number of test pieces;
h) number of strips per test piece;

i) number of sections and section lengths, if applicable;

j) type of failure, if any, with reference to the section in which it occurs;
k) percentage of brittle failure, Ld, calculated in accordance with Clause 8 f);

l) any special observations made during or after the test;

m) any factors which could have affected the results, such as any incidents or any operational details not
specified in this International Standard;
n) identification of the test laboratory;
o) date of the test.

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 ISO 21751:2011(E)

Annex A
(informative)

Recommended value for brittle failure

The percentage of brittle failure, Ld, should be lower than or equal to 33 % for all test pieces.

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ICS 23.040.20; 23.040.45

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