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    EURO Specification of HSDO and MS

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    asad raza
    The document discusses fuel specifications in Europe, comparing them to the United States. It outlines factors shaping European oil product specifications like continued demand growth for transport and reducing emissions. Tables show that both Europe and the US have progressively lowered sulfur limits for gasoline and diesel over time, with Europe adopting increasingly stringent Euro standards. The EU has also implemented fuel quality programs to phase out lead and reformulate gasoline and diesel to reduce pollutants and toxins.

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    EURO Specification of HSDO and MS

    Uploaded by

    asad raza
    80 views5 pages
    The document discusses fuel specifications in Europe, comparing them to the United States. It outlines factors shaping European oil product specifications like continued demand growth for transport and reducing emissions. Tables show that both Europe and the US have progressively lowered sulfur limits for gasoline and diesel over time, with Europe adopting increasingly stringent Euro standards. The EU has also implemented fuel quality programs to phase out lead and reformulate gasoline and diesel to reduce pollutants and toxins.

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    The document discusses fuel specifications in Europe, comparing them to the United States. It outlines factors shaping European oil product specifications like continued demand growth for transport and reducing emissions. Tables show that both Europe and the US have progressively lowered sulfur limits for gasoline and diesel over time, with Europe adopting increasingly stringent Euro standards. The EU has also implemented fuel quality programs to phase out lead and reformulate gasoline and diesel to reduce pollutants and toxins.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    80 views5 pages

    EURO Specification of HSDO and MS

    Uploaded by

    asad raza
    The document discusses fuel specifications in Europe, comparing them to the United States. It outlines factors shaping European oil product specifications like continued demand growth for transport and reducing emissions. Tables show that both Europe and the US have progressively lowered sulfur limits for gasoline and diesel over time, with Europe adopting increasingly stringent Euro standards. The EU has also implemented fuel quality programs to phase out lead and reformulate gasoline and diesel to reduce pollutants and toxins.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Specifications in Europe:

    • Oil product specifications shaped by a


    number of factors, e.g.:
    – Continued growth in demand for transport
    fuels and vehicles,
    – Continued pressure to reduce air pollution,
    CO2 and greenhouse gases emissions,
    – Reduction of sulphur levels in transport fuels,
    – Reduction of sulphur content in off-road fuels
    and bunkers,
    – Increased content of biofuels.
    Comparison between EU and US
    Sulphur Limits: GASOLINE

    USA EUROPE
    Year Designation Emission Fuel Sulphur Year Designation Emission Fuel Sulphur
    (control Limitations (ppm) (control Limitations (ppm)
    technology) g/mile technology) g/mile
    1975 First Pre-1993 Country 1,000 -
    catalysts -- 1,000 specs -- 2,000
    (Oxidation) (leaded)
    1980 Tier 0 CO - 3.4 1993 Euro-1 CO - 2.72
    (TWC) NOx - 1.0 1,000 (TWC) NOx - 0.49
    PM - 0.2 PM - no std
    1994 Tier 1 CO - 3.4 1996 Euro-2 CO - 2.2
    (TWC) NOx - 0.4 1,000 (TWC) NOx - 0.25
    PM - 0.08 PM - no std
    1999 NLEV CO - 3.4 2000 Euro-3 CO - 2.3
    (advanced NOx - 0.3 1,000 (TWC) NOx - 0.15
    TWC) PM - 0.08 PM - no std
    2004 Tier 2 CO - 3.4 80 (max) 2005 Euro-4 CO - 1.0
    (advanced NOx - 0.07 30 (average) (advanced NOx - 0.08
    TWC) PM - 0.08 TWC) PM - no std
    Comparison between EU and US
    Sulphur Limits: DIESEL

    USA EUROPE
    Year Designation Emission Fuel Sulphur Year Designation Emission Fuel Sulphur
    (control Limitations (ppm) (control Limitations (ppm)
    technology) g/mile technology) g/mile
    1980 EEC/75/716 -- 5,000
    1988 Engine Mod 1989 EEC/87/219
    -- 5,000 -- 3,000

    1991 Engine Mod CO - 15.5 1993 Euro 1 CO - 4.5


    NOx - 10.7 500 NOx - 8.0 2,000
    PM - 0.6 PM - 0.36
    1998 Engine Mod CO - 15.5 1996 Euro 2 CO - 4.0
    NOx - 5.0 500 NOx - 7.0 500
    PM - 0.25 PM - 0.15
    2004 EGR CO - 15.5 2000 Euro 3 CO - 2.1
    NOx - 4.0 500 NOx - 5.0 350
    PM - 0.1 PM - 0.10
    2007 Particulate CO - 15.5 2005 Euro 4 CO - 1.5
    Filters NOx - 0.2 15 (Introduction of NOx - 3.5 50
    PM - 0.01 particulate filters) PM - 0.02 (10 ltd avail.)
    EU Fuel Quality Programmes
    Overview of EU Fuel Quality Programmes
    Fuel Programme Programme Type Implementation Dte and Target pollutants
    Coverage

    Current - Banned the use 2000 (Greece, Italy, Spain, Lead (elimination to enable
    of lead in gasoline French overseas territories vehicle emission controls as
    derogation to 1/1/2002; UK, well as protect public health
    Lead Prohibition Denmark, Sweden, Finland from lead toxin exposure)
    started phasing out lead in
    the 80's)

    Current - Performance Phase I - 2000 focused on Ozone, Nitrogen Oxides,


    standards for Nitrogen lead phase-out, sulphur, Hydrocarbons , Air Toxic
    Reformulated Gasoline Oxides, Volatile Organis aromatics, and benzene Controls
    Programme Compounds, Air Toxics and decrease; Phase II -
    maximum standards for 2005/2009 focuses on low
    oxygen content and ultralow sulphur

    Current - Performance Oct, 1998; Phase I - focused Ozone, Nitrogen Oxides ,


    standards for Nitrogen on 350ppm sulphur max; Particulate Emissions, CO2
    Reformulated Diesel Oxides, and particulates. Phase II - 2005/2009 focuses
    Programme on low and ultralow sulphur;
    allignment of non-road diesel
    by 2009

    Current - Performance Mar, 1997; Off-road diesel Ozone, Nitrogen Oxides ,


    standards for Nitrogen sulphur content - maximum Particulate Emissions, CO2
    Sulphur Liquid Fuels Oxides, SO2 and permissible sulphur content
    particulates, ozone. 1,000 mg/kg by 1st Jan,
    2008
    EURO Specifications

    GASOLINE EN 228: Dir 98/70 Dir 98/70 Dir 98/70 Dir 98/70
    1993 1996 2000 2005 2009
    Euro I Euro II Euro III Euro IV Euro V
    Aromatics, vol%, max No limit No limit 42 35 35
    Olefins, vol%, max No limit No limit 18 18 18
    Benzene, vol%, max 5 5 1 1 1
    Oxygen, wt%, max 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.7 3.7
    Sulphur, ppm, max 1000 500 150 50 (10)* 10
    RON, min 91 91 91 91 91
    RVP, kPa 35 - 100 35 - 100 60 - 70 60 - 70 60 - 70
    Lead, g/lt, max 0.013 0.013 None None None

    DIESEL EN 590: Dir 98/70 Dir 98/70 Dir 98/70 Dir 98/70
    1993 1996 2000 2005 2009
    Euro I Euro II Euro III Euro IV Euro V
    Poly Aromatics, vol%, max N/A N/A 11 11 11
    Sulphur, ppm, max 2,000 500 350 50 (10)* 10
    Cetane number, min 49 49 51 51 51
    Density @ 15ºC, kg/m³ 820 - 860 820 - 860 845 845 845
    Distillation, T95ºC, max 370 370 360 360 360
    * 2005 introduction of 10ppm sulphur gasoline: fuel must be geographically available in an appropriately balanced manner

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