LESSON 7:

The Global City

Dullas, Patricia Myrr
Dorongon, Edward
Escona, Cherry Joy
Anonuevo, Kim Lester
 If you had the
chance, would you
move to New York?
Tokyo? How about
London?
01 GLOBAL CITY
Also called world city or
something alpha center or
world center, is a city which is
a primary node in the global
economic network.
 Global City
• Sociologist Saskia Sassen popularized the term
"global city" in the 1990’s.
• She initially identified three global cities:
New York, Tokyo and London.
New York has the New York Stock Exchange
(NYSE), Tokyo has the Nikkei and London
has the Financial Times Stock Exchange
(FTSE).
New York has the New York Stock
Exchange (NYSE)
Tokyo has the Nikkei
London has the Financial Times
Stock Exchange (FTSE)
 Global City
Recent commentators have
expanded the criteria that Sassen
used to determine what constitutes
a global city.
 NEW YORK VS LOS ANGELES
New York has the Big Apple’ cultural influence but Los Angeles
has Hollywood which produced and create movies distributed
all over the world, which made New York its rival city.
San Francisco must now factor in as another global city because
it is the home of the most powerful internet companies -
Facebook, Twitter and Google.
 The growth of the Chinese
economy has turned cities like
Shanghai, Beijing, and
Guangzhou into centers of trade
and finance.
Although Chinese economy down
but later on cope up and bring
industry goes up because of their
production and services. Almost of
our products here in our country
(not only in Philippines) are made in
china. Thus, the impact of their
economy alive since they create
profit from us by buying their
products.
 Commentators expanded the criteria of it should be a
GREAT PLACE TO LIVE IN
Sydney is the Australia center of globalization
because of big investment spotted in the city, but in the
other hand Melbourne has the attribute of great place
to live since it has good security, good education and
its has excellent services which one of reasons why
foreign lived and migrated.
Why Study Global Cities?
1. Globalization is spatial because it
occurs in physical spaces. More people
are driven out of city centers to make
way for the new developments.
2. Globalization is spatial because what
makes it move is the fact that it is based
in places.
Los Angeles Tokyo, Japan
 TRIVIA
DID YOU KNOW THE TOP 10
BILLIONAIRES CITIES?
 02
Indicators of
Globality
ECONOMIC POWER 01
- largely determines which cities are global.
New York Tokyo Shanghai
 NEW YORK
- The largest stock
market in the world.

- New York has 217

company headquarters.
(less than Tokyo).
 TOKYO
- Houses the most
number of corporate
headquarters
- 613 company
headquarters (New
York as its closest
competitor)
 SHANGHAI
- Small stock market but
plays a critical role in the
Global Economic Supply
- China: Manufacturing
Center of the World
- Shanghai: World's
Busiest Container Port
(33 million units in 2013)
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES 02
- In global city make it attractive to talents
from across the world

San Francisco London

SAN FRANCISO
- IT Programmers and
Engineers from Asia
haved moved to San
Francisco Bay Area
-> Silicon Valley’s
technology boom
 LONDON
- best choice for many
Filipinos with Nursing
degrees
ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS 03
Economist Intelligence Unit criteria to
measure the economic competitiveness:
1). Market size
2). Purchasing power of citizens
3). Size of the Middle Class
4). Potential for growth

Singapore
 SINGAPORE
- The "tiny" Singapore
is considered as Asia's
most competitive city
because of its strong
market, efficient and
incorruptible
government, and
livability.
CENTERS OF AUTHORITY 04
- Global cities are also centers of
authority. Washington D.C. may
not be as wealthy as New York, but
it is the seat of American state
power.
WASHINGTON D.C
(UNITED STATES)
- seat of American
state power - White
House, the Capitol
Building (Congess), the
Supreme Court,
Lincoln Memorial,
Washington Monument
CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA
- Compared with
Sydney and Melbourne,
Canberra is a sleepy
town and not attractive
to tourists. But as
Australia's political
capital, it is home to the
country's top politicians,
bureaucrats, and policy
advisors.
CENTERS OF POLITICAL 05
INFLUENCE
- The cities that house major
international organizations may also
be considered centers of political
influence.
✓ United Nations headquarters - New York
✓ European Union headquarters - Brussels
✓ ASEAN headquarters - Jakarta
✓ European Central Bank - Frankfurt The New York Times
United Nations
headquarters
- New York
European Union
headquarters -
Brussels
 ASEAN
headquarters -
Jakarta
European Central
Bank - Frankfurt
The New York
Times
CENTERS OF HIGHER LEARNING
AND CULTURE 06
- Global cities are centers of
higher learning and culture. A
city's intellectual influence is
seen through the influence of
its publishing industry.
 The New York
Times - a local
newspaper that
carries the
name of NYC
Harvard University
- located in
Boston. It is the
World's Top
University
 Australia -
Education is
the country's
large export
(behind coal
and iron ore).
 LOS ANGELES COPENHAGEN, MANCHESTER,
DENMARK ENGLAND
the center of the American - is now considered as one of - many prominent post-
film industry the culinary capitals of the punk and new wave bands -
world, with its top restaurants Joy Division, the Smiths,
incommensurate with its size. and the Happy Mondays-
hailed from this city.
 Singapore houses some
of the region’s top
television stations and
news organizations (MTV
Southeast Asia and
Channel News Asia)
Its various art galleries
and cinemas also show
paintings from artists and
filmmakers from
Philippines and Thailand.
Today, global cities become culturally diverse.

Manila is not very global

because of the dearth of
foreign residents

but Singapore is,

because it has a foreign
population of 38%.
 TRIVIA
DID YOU KNOW THAT
MANILA IS NOT THE
OLDEST and NEWEST
CITY IN THE
PHILIPPINES?
 The country’s
oldest city is CEBU
city. It was the first
Spanish settlement and
the first capital of the
Philippines.
 As of December 17, 2022,
there are 148 cities in the
Philippines. BALIUAG in
BULACAN is the newest
city, after the plebiscite
held resulted in approval of
ratification.
03 THE
CHALLENGES
OF GLOBAL
CITIES
The Challenges of Global Cities
■ Global cities also have their undersides. They can be sites of
great inequality and poverty as well as tremendous violence.
■ Global cities create winners and losers.
■ Denser settlement patterns yield energy savings; apartment
building for example, are more efficient to heat and
cool than detached suburban house.
■ In cities with extensive public transportation
systems, people tend to drive less and
thereby cut carbon emissions.
 “Ecologist have found that by
concentrating their populations in smaller
areas, cities, and metros decrease human
encroachment on natural habitats."
-Richard Florida
The Challenges of Global Cities
• Not all cities are as dense as New York or Tokyo.
Some cities like Los Angeles are urban sprawls, with
massive freeways that force residents to spend money
on cars and gas.
• Urban areas consume most of the world's energy.
Cities only cover 2% of the world's landmass, but they
consume 78% of global energy. Therefore, if carbon
emissions must be cut to prevent global warming, this
massive energy consumption in cities must be curbed.
VERTICAL
FARMING
 The major terror attacks of recent
years have also targeted cities.
Cities, especially those with global
influence are obvious targets for
terrorists.

✓ 9/11 attack-World Trade Center,

New York
✓ November 2015 attacks in Paris
by Islamic State of Iraq and the
Levant (ISIL)
04
THE GLOBAL
CITY AND THE
POOR
The Global City and the Poor
• Massive inequality was very pronounced in cities.
Some large cities, particularly those in Scandinavia,
have found ways to mitigate inequality through state-
led social redistribution programs. Yet, many cities,
particularly those in the developing countries, are sites
of contradiction.
• In places like Mumbai, Jakarta, and Manila, it is
common to find gleaming buildings alongside massive
shantytowns.
The Global City and the Poor
• In the outskirts of New York and San Francisco are
poor urban enclaves occupied by African-Americans
and immigrant families who are often denied
opportunities at a better life.
• Gentrification - a phenomenon of driving out the poor
in favor of newer, wealthier residents.
• In Australian cities, poor aboriginal Australians have
been most acutely affected by gentrification.
 The Global City and the Poor
■ In France, poor Muslim migrants are forced out of Paris and
have clustered around ethnic enclaves known as banlieue.
■ In most of the world's global cities, the middle class is also
thinning out. Globalization creates high-income jobs that
are concentrated in global cities.
■ In places like New York, there are high- rolling
American investment bankers whose children
are raised by Filipina maids.
CONCLUSION
Global cities are sites and mediums of
globalization. They are material representations
of the phenomenon. Through them, we see the
best of globalization; they are places that create
exciting fusions of culture and ideas. They are
also places that generate tremendous wealth.
However, they remain sites of great inequality,
where global servants serve global
entrepreneurs.
 LESSON 7:

The Global City

Dullas, Patricia Myrr
Dorongon, Edward
Escona, Cherry Joy
Anonuevo, Kim Lester