Name: Date:

CONTROL TEST 5

A. LISTENING (50 points):

Part1. Listen and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. (10 points)
Aim: protecting environment through recycling
Type of group: non – profit
Frequency of newspaper collection: 1. __________
Name: 2. __________
Address: 3. __________
E –mail: 4. __________
Postcode: 5. __________

Part 2. You will hear an interview with a yoga teacher. For question 1 – 5, choose the answer (A ,B, C or D)
which fits best according to what you hear (10 points)
1. The interviewer __________.
A. tried yoga once but found it impossible to do.
B. is finding yoga hard to do but is improving with practice.
C. has only a vague idea about yoga.
D. has quite a good understanding of yoga.
2. According to Sarah, __________.
A. yoga demands control of all aspects of being.
B. you need to be highly intelligent to practise yoga well.
C. you need to empty your mind completely when practising yoga.
D. meditation is like being hypnotised.
3. Which of the following does Sarah not say is necessary in order to practise yoga?
A. an empty stomach B. comfortable, flexible clothing
C. a lot of confidence and a fit body D. a place where you won't be disturbed
4. The interviewer seems concerned about __________.
A. people paying a lot of money for public classes with unqualified teachers.
B. people getting stuck because the teacher is not supervising the class properly.
C. people buying too many yoga guides.
D. beginners practising yoga unsupervised.
5. Sarah sums up by saying that __________.
A. you need to learn more about your own character before attempting to do yoga.
B. yoga can solve any problem you have in life.
C. yoga is better than conventional medicine.
D. in order to fulfill your potential you need to have a positive outlook.

Part 3: You will hear a radio programme called Future world and decide if the following sentences
are True (T) or False (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)
1. V2V involves cars “talking to each other” through a computer system.
2. The new mobile phone will tell you how nervous or confident you look.
3. The new mobile phone was invented to help people during “speed dates.”
4. The memory device is not just one machine.

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5. According to Gordon Bell, recording your life is rather dull, but may be important in the future.

Part 4. You will hear an interview with a representative of a wildlife park called Paradise Wildlife Park.
For questions 1-10, complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/ OR A
NUMBER. (20 points)

WHY DOES JAPAN WORK SO HARD?

Japan’s corporate culture is motivated by the so – called (1) _____________.
Japan’s economic miracle, which (2) _____________ it to become the world’s second – largest economy,
is the reason behind the nation’s work ethic.
With the emphasis on the success of a company as a whole, according to a study, more than 60% of
Japanese felt guilt-ridden for taking (3) _____________.
However, Japan has the lowest productivity among the (4) _____________. Karoshi tends to happen as a
result of work stress but some people believe that karoshi cases are (5) _____________.
Widespread attention and (6) _____________ were triggered to change the long working hours and illegal
unpaid overtime after the death of an employee in 2015. (7) _____________ - a new public holiday – was
presented as an effort of Japanese government to deal with overtime work.
Despite initiatives, a cultural challenge still (8) _____________ for several reasons.
The population is expected to shrink approximately one third over a period of (9) _____________.
In farming, robots are even used to (10) _____________.

B. LEXICO - GRAMMAR (50 points)

Part1. Choose one of the words marked A, B, C, or D which best completes each of the following
sentences. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (20 points)
1. The island was quite content with its _______ prosperity.
A. heinous B. burgeoning C. insatiable D. abortive
2. Thank you for thinking of us, but I’m afraid we’re going to have to _____ your kind invitation.
A. decline B. deny C. condemn D. reject
3. Going down white-water rapids in a canoe must be extremely _________! Does your heart start beating
really fast?
A. trivial B. mundane C. sedentary D. exhilarating
4. The government stopped the local companies from importing fake milk powder ________ of public
health.
A. in the interest B. to the best C. for the attention D. on the safe side
5. I am afraid I can’t tell you what he said. It would be a ___________of confidence.
A. rupture B. break C. rift D. breach
6. He managed to __________ the flow of blood by tightly bandaging the wound.
A. restrain B. curb C. check D. inhibit
7. They continued fighting despite all the_______ they met with.
A. adversities B. amenities C. properties D. liabilities
8. He was in an extreme state of ______when his wife left him.
A. calamity B. mishap C. distress D. trial
9. At length, it _____him that his life wouldn't take a turn for the better unless he left his
present employment.
A. assumed that B. happened to C. realized that D. dawned on
10. If the computer hadn’t been ______, I would have replied to your email.
A. playing up B. acting on C. running through D. coming out
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11. I’ve yet ________ a person as Theo.
A. to meet as infuriating B. to have met such infuriating
C. been meeting as infuriating D. been meeting such infuriating
12. A: “I’ve had a ________ pain in my side all day.”
B: “It’s probably indigestion.”
A. whimpering B. nagging C. pestering D. muttering
13. A ________ number of mothers with young children are deterred from undertaking paid work
because they lack access to childcare.
A. substantial B. bleak C. thoughtless D. quaint
14. Your rental agreement ________ states that no pets are allowed in the building.
A. credibly B. explicitly C. mildly D. decently
15. From football to fashion, from TV to stage, we name the ______ stars whose careers are likely to
rocket in the future.
A. out and about B. up and coming C. down and out D. in and out
16. The designer was given free _____ to produce any design he wanted.
A. rein B. range C. ride D rope
17. Did I go ________ with the Christmas decorations? I'm worried I bought enough Christmas lights to
light up Times Square.
A. overboard B. overhead C. overload D. overskill
18. I went to see the boss about a pay rise and he ________ with a weak excuse about a business dinner
and left me standing there.
A. brushed me aside B. brushed me up
C. brushed me off D. brushed me down
19. I'd like to _______ my argument with an anecdote whose significance will soon become apparent.
A. predict B. announce C. herald D. preface
20. It's as if that silly argument we had has driven a _______ between us and we've lost all our old
closeness.
A. beam B. ledge C. plank D. wedge

Part 2. Read the following text which contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the
corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)

Line
1 Bird migration is one of the most interesting yet less understood natural phenomena.
2 Every fall birds from northern latitudes fly in groups to the warmer southern latitudes
3 and then return north in the spring. Scientists agree on the main reasons for migration:
4 to follow the food supply and to avoid harsh climate conditions. For example, insects
5 disappear during the cold months, prompted insect-dependent birds to fly south to warm
6 areas where insects breed. Not similar consensus has emerged, however, about how birds
7 are able to navigate. Despite many recent experiments, bird experts still do not know
8 how birds arrive at the same destination every year and then find its way back home in
9 the spring.
10 Some have suggested that birds find their way by following landmarks, such as rivers
11 and mountain range. Experiments have confirmed that some species do follow such
12 topography features. But that method cannot explain how some birds travel at night.
13 Other studies show that some nocturnal birds navigate on the stars. But that explanation
14 cannot explain daytime migration or travel when the skies are cloudy.
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 15 The most popular explanation currently is that birds are guided by Earth’s magnetic
16 poles. The mechanics by which that works has not yet been proved. One theory points
17 to the fact that some birds’ brains contain magnetite, a naturally occurring magnetic
18 compound consists of iron oxide. Magnetite has been found in many animals, including
19 birds. By magnets embedded their brains, birds would be able to sense the magnetic
20 fields of the North and South Poles

Part 3. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition or particle. Write your
answer in the boxes provided. (10 points)
1. He didn’t have time to prepare a speech so he had to give one _______ the cuff
2. Paul won’t do anything without asking his wife first. She’s really got him _______ her thumb.
3. They are planning to wind _______ their operation in Greece and concentrate on Eastern Europe.
4. I couldn’t believe it when Jake came _______ with the news that he was going to move to Australia.
5. We were walking through the woods when we chanced _______ a trap set by hunters.
6. Organizations concerned about the environment seem to have sprung _______ everywhere these days.
7. As I was flicking _______ the magazine, I came across an article about the local nature reserve.
8. You are going to knuckle _______ if you do not want to fail the exam next month.
9. Mull my offer _______ for a few days and then let me know what you think.
10. I had to give a talk about history, so I spent the weekend reading _______ on the August Revolution.

Part 4. Give the correct form of the words in brackets. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes. (10 points)
In life it's usually feast or famine. In "The Hunger Games" it's both a feast of cheesy spectacle and a famine
of genuine feeling, except for the powerful—and (1. TOUCH) ______ vulnerable—presence of Jennifer
Lawrence as the 16-year-old heroine, Katniss Everdeen. That's a significant exception, but not a decisive
one, since there's only so much this remarkable young star can do in the (2. NUMB) ______, big-budget
surroundings. The first book of Suzanne Collins's (3. PRODIGY) ______ popular trilogy has been
brought to the screen with a Jumbotron sensibility, a shaky camera to emphasize the action and a shakier
grip on the subject's emotional core.
The action, of course, involves kids killing kids. In a dystopian future that bears some resemblance to the
here and now—a public besotted by celebrity and drowning in entertainment—a (4. REPRESSION)
______ government stages nationally (5. TELEVISION) ______ games in which 24 teenagers, a boy
and a girl from each of 12 districts, are (6. DESIGN) ______ Tributes, and must fight one another in the
wilds of a computer-controlled artificial environment until there's only one survivor.
The concept is hardly an original one. Older audiences with a sense of movie history will recognize more
than trace elements of "The Most Dangerous Game," "Spartacus," "Battle Royale," or "The Running
Man." But "The Hunger Games" wasn't intended for older audiences. The trilogy was written for
adolescents (7. ABSORPTION) ______ with their own turbulent history. The unsecret ingredient of its
rampant success was turning a dog-eared, dog-eat-dog premise into a coming-of-age story about a strong,
(8. SOURCE) ______ girl, then widening it into a fable of star-crossed lovers. Young readers—girls in
particular, though not only girls—saw themselves in Katniss's struggles to discover herself; to accept her
own beauty and (9. PHYSICAL) ______ without exploiting it; and, above all, to survive the (10.
SAVAGE) ______ while keeping her humanity intact. Young audiences are sure to embrace Katniss on
screen—the movie is off to an epic start—and all the more so because Ms. Lawrence is the perfect choice
for the role.

C. READING (50 points)

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Part 1. Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. Write
your answers in corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)
The paintings of Leonardo da Vinci have always attracted controversy. Only 14 works have ever been
attributed to him and experts have (1) __________ the authenticity of several. Not even the Mona Lisa is
above (2) __________ . The painting is neither signed nor dated and no (3) __________ of payment to
Leonardo has ever been found. Believed to be the portrait of the wife of Florentine merchant Francesco
del Gioconda dating from 1502, it has been on public display in the Louvre since 1804. Now housed in a
bullet-(4) _________ glass case, it has always been surrounded by (5) __________ security.
Even so, on 24th August 1911, it was stolen. Initial leads came to nothing and no (6) __________ to
the thief's motives or the whereabouts of the picture materialised for 15 months. In November 1913,
Florentine art dealer Alfredo Geri received a letter from someone (7) __________ they had the Mona Lisa
and were prepared to sell it back to Italy for 500,000 lire. Geri contacted the director of the Uffizi museum
who arranged a meeting with the alleged vendor.
He turned out to be an Italian carpenter Vincenzo Peruggia, who made the painting's (8) ____________
wooden box for the Louvre and was able to steal it because he knew the museum's routine. The Mona Lisa
he produced was proclaimed genuine by the Uffizi and sent back to Paris. But a British conman, Jack
Dean, later insisted that he had helped Peruggia steal the painting but (9) _________ a copy before
Peruggia took it to Iatly. Could it be that the painting seen by thousands of visitors every day in the Louvre
museum is a total (10) __________ ?
1. A. asked B. questioned C. wondered D. enquired
2. A. question B. doubt C. query D. suspicion
3. A. record B. document C. receipt D. bill
4. A. secure B. strong C. guard D. proof
5. A. careful B. accurate C. safe D. tight
6. A. indications B. clues C. hints D. tips
7. A. arguing B. pretending C. claiming D. persuading
8. A. surrounding B. fake C. closed D. protective
9. A. substituted B. replaced C. copied D. taken over
10. A. false B. substitute C. artificial D. fake

Part 2. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in
each space. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (15 points)
ROBOT SOCCER
From the metaverse to non-fungible tokens (NFTs), new technology is endlessly changing how we live
our lives -- and one of the biggest arenas where that's playing out is sport.
Thanks to artificial intelligence, robotics and other technological innovations, new high-tech sports are
kicking (1) _______ around the world. From robots taking the field to play soccer, to pilot-controlled
drones racing one (2) _______, like humans, machines are proving to have their own competitive streak.
AI can now even create new sports, from the strategy and rules of the game to the (3) _______ of the
playing field. These high-tech sports may sound like they come from the future, but they (4) _______
exist. One of these is Robot Soccer.
The Robot World Cup Initiative -- "RoboCup" for (5) _______ -- is a soccer competition for autonomous
robots. It has several leagues, in which robots of different sizes must make independent decisions while
communicating effectively with their teammates.
The competition doubles as an international scientific project. In the RoboCup Humanoid League, for
example, researchers investigate robotics challenges such as dynamic walking and running, kicking the
ball (6) _______ maintaining balance, visual perception of the ball, and teamwork.
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Robots have come a (7) _______ way since the first RoboCup in 1997, where 40 teams participated and
5,000 (8) _______ attended, but robots had difficulty finding the ball and moving, according to the
organization's website. RoboCup 2021 featured more than 300 teams, and now, robots can "reliably find
a ball, move very quickly, and start showing teamwork behaviors."
RoboCup's ultimate goal is that by 2050, "a team of fully autonomous humanoid robot soccer players shall
win a soccer game, (9) _______ with the official rules of FIFA, (10) _______ the winner of the most
recent World Cup."
https://edition.cnn.com/2022/01/14/sport/futuristic-high-tech-sports-spc-intl/index.html

Part 3. Read the passage and choose the best option A, B, C, or D to answer the questions. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)
When people learn to play video games, they are learning a new literacy. Of course, this is not the way
the word "literacy" is normally used. Traditionally, people think of literacy as the ability to read and write.
Why, then, should we think of literacy more broadly, in regard to video games or anything else, for that
matter? There are two reasons.
First, in the modern world, language is not the only important communicational system. Today images,
symbols, graphs, diagrams, artifacts, and many other visual symbols are particularly significant. Thus, the
idea of different types of "visual literacy" would seem to be an important one. For example, being able to
"read" the images in advertising is one type of visual literacy. And, of course, there are different ways to
read such images, ways that are more or less aligned with the intentions and interests of the advertisers.
Knowing how to read interior designs in homes, modernist art in museums, and videos on MTV are other
forms of visual literacy.
Furthermore, very often today words and images of various sorts are juxtaposed and integrated in a variety
of ways. In newspaper and magazines as well as in textbooks, images take up more and more of the space
alongside words. In fact, in many modern high school and college textbooks in the sciences images not
only take up more space, they now carry meanings that are independent of the words in the text. If you
can't read these images, you will not be able to recover their meanings from the words in the text as was
more usual in the past. In such multimodal texts (texts that mix words and images), the images often
communicate different things from the words. And the combination of the two modes communicates
things that neither of the modes does separately. Thus, the idea of different sorts of multimodal literacy
seems an important one. Both modes and multimodality go far beyond images and words to include
sounds, music, movement, bodily sensations, and smells.
None of this news today, of course. We very obviously live in a world awash with images. It is our first
answer to the question why we should think of literacy more broadly. The second answer is this: Even
though reading and writing seem so central to what literacy means traditionally, reading and writing are
not such general and obvious matters as they might at first seem. After all, we never just read or write;
rather, we always read or write something in some way.
So there are different ways to read different types of texts. Literacy is multiple, then, in the sense that the
legal literacy needed for reading law books is not the same as the literacy needed for reading physics texts
or superhero comic books. And we should not be too quick to dismiss the latter form of literacy. Many a
superhero comic is replete with post-Freudian irony of a sort that would make a modern literary critic's
heart beat fast and confuse any otherwise normal adult. Literacy, then, even as traditionally conceived to
involve only print, is not a unitary thing but a multiple matter. There are, even in regard to printed texts
and even leaving aside images and multimodal texts, different "literacies."
Once we see this multiplicity of literacy (literacies), we realize that when we think about reading and
writing, we have to think beyond print. Reading and writing in any domain, whether it is law, rap songs,
academic essays, superhero comics, or whatever, are not just ways of decoding print, they are also caught
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up with and in social practices... Video games are a new form of art. They will not replace books; they
will sit beside them, interact with them, and change them and their role in society in various ways, as,
indeed, they are already doing strongly with movies. (Today many movies are based on video games and
many more are influenced by them.) We have no idea yet how people "read" video games, what meanings
they make from them. Still less do we know how they will "read" them in the future.

1. According to the first paragraph, the broadest definition of "literacy" is______.

A. The ability to analyze literature
B. The ability to comprehend basic cultural cues
C. The ability to read and write
D. The ability to compose poetry
2. All are mentioned as being types of "visual literacy" EXCEPT______.
A. Musical tones B. Interior Design C. Diagrams D. Modern Art
3. An example from a science textbook of the phenomenon the author describes in the third paragraph
could be______.
A. A genetic tree that coincides with the discussion of specific mammal classes in the text
B. A diagram of a specific chemical reaction that is used to explain a broad definition in the text
C. An illustration of a plant cycle that accompanies a chapter on photosynthesis
D. A cartoon that references the same methods discussed in the text about laboratory safety
4. What is an example of a "multimodal" text?
A. A dictionary
B. A movie script used for rehearsal, not for the actual filming days
C. A photo album
D. An art book that describes the art as well as reproduces images of the original prints
5. The idiom in the sixth paragraph, "read against the grain of the text" is closest in meaning to______.
A. Reading to understand the underlying meanings and themes of the author's words-not just a literal
interpretation
B. Reading text that defines different types of wheat and grains
C. To read the text from right to left rather than left to right
D. To read books that use recycled paper and other green alternatives
6. In the seventh paragraph, the author suggests that literacy is multiple, meaning that______.
A. To be "literate" can mean participating in any form of expression
B. One's literacy increases exponentially as greater mastery of reading and writing is achieved
C. Different genres and modes of expression require different background knowledge and perspectives
to understand them
D. Literacy can only be gained by exploring every type of media and expression
7. Why does the author give the example of superhero comics to explain multiple literacies?
A. To explain that comic books are written for children and purely for entertainment. They require only
a basic knowledge of the action that occurs in the story
B. To once again refer to his earlier points about "multimodal" texts
C. To insist that even when an author may intend multiple meanings and interpretations, they are rarely
successful in conveying those to readers
D. Things that may seem on the surface to be only meant for a particular group of people can actually
have very profound meanings to those who possess other types of literacy
8. The author suggests that all of the following require different types of literacy and the ability to
decode meaning EXCEPT______.
A. Rap music B. Comic books C. Academic papers D. Symphonies
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9. The author says that video games______.
A. Are not yet entirely understood in terms of literacy, but are already impacting other forms of
expression such as filmmaking
B. Are unrealistic and should not fall into the same categories as the other texts he describes
C. Are too violent to risk experimenting with for the purposes of understanding literacy
D. Are irrelevant in academic discussion because no one has yet determined how to explain the ways
that people understand them
10. What would be the most logical information for the next paragraph to contain if the article
continued?
A. A technological definition of video games, how they are made, and how they are played
B. A historical explanation of the very first video game and its evolution
C. Examples of the way that some people currently interpret video games and what they mean to them
D. A price comparison of video game consoles and whether or not quality has a direct impact on literacy

Part 4. Read the text and do the following tasks. (15 points)
TELEVISION AND SPORT
WHEN THE MEDIUM BECOMES THE STADIUM
A. The relationship between television and sports is not widely thought of as problematic. For many
people, television is a simple medium through which sports can be played, replayed, slowed down, and
of course conveniently transmitted live to homes across the planet. What is often overlooked, however,
is how television networks have reshaped the very foundations of an industry that they claim only to
document. Major television stations immediately seized the revenue-generating prospects of televising
sports and this has changed everything, from how they are played to who has a chance to watch them.
B. Before television, for example, live matches could only be viewed in person. For the majority of fans,
who were unable to afford tickets to the top-flight matches, or to travel the long distances required to see
them, the only option was to attend a local game instead, where the stakes were much lower. As a result,
thriving social networks and sporting communities formed around the efforts of teams in the third and
fourth divisions and below. With the advent of live TV, however, premier matches suddenly became
affordable and accessible to hundreds of millions of new viewers. This shift in viewing patterns vacuumed
out the support base of local clubs, many of which ultimately folded.
C. For those on the more prosperous side of this shift in viewing behaviour, however, the financial
rewards are substantial. Television assisted in derailing long-held concerns in many sports about whether
athletes should remain amateurs or ‘go pro’, and replaced this system with a new paradigm where nearly
all athletes are free to pursue stardom and to make money from their sporting prowess. For the last few
decades, top-level sports men and women have signed lucrative endorsement deals and sponsorship
contracts, turning many into multi-millionaires and also allowing them to focus full-time on what really
drives them. That they can do all this without harming their prospects at the Olympic Games and other
major competitions is a significant benefit for these athletes.
D. The effects of television extend further, however, and in many instances have led to changes in sporting
codes themselves. Prior to televised coverage of the Winter Olympics, for example, figure skating
involved a component in which skaters drew ‘figures’ in the ice, which were later evaluated for the
precision of their shapes. This component translated poorly to the small screen, as viewers found the whole
procedure, including the judging of minute scratches on ice, to be monotonous and dull. Ultimately,
figures were scrapped in favour of a short programme featuring more telegenic twists and jumps. Other
sports are awash with similar regulatory shifts - passing the ball back to the goalkeeper was banned in
football after gameplay at the 1990 World Cup was deemed overly defensive by television viewers.

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E. In addition to insinuating changes into sporting regulation, television also tends to favour some
individual sports over others. Some events, such as the Tour de France, appear to benefit: on television it
can be viewed in its entirety, whereas on-site enthusiasts will only witness a tiny part of the spectacle.
Wrestling, perhaps due to an image problem that repelled younger (and highly prized) television viewers,
was scheduled for removal from the 2020 Olympic Games despite being a founding sport and a fixture of
the Olympics since 708 BC. Only after a fervent outcry from supporters was that decision overturned.
F. Another change in the sporting landscape that television has triggered is the framing of sports not
merely in terms of the level of skill and athleticism involved, but as personal narratives of triumph, shame
and redemption on the part of individual competitors. This is made easier and more convincing through
the power of close-up camera shots, profiles and commentary shown during extended build-ups to live
events. It also attracts television audiences - particularly women - who may be less interested in the
intricacies of the sport than they are in broader ‘human interest’ stories. As a result, many viewers are now
more familiar with the private agonies of famous athletes than with their record scores or match- day
tactics.
G. And what about the effects of male television viewership? Certainly, men have always been willing to
watch male athletes at the top of their game, but female athletes participating in the same sports have
typically attracted far less interest and, as a result, have suffered greatly reduced exposure on television.
Those sports where women can draw the crowds - beach volleyball, for example - are often those where
female participants are encouraged to dress and behave in ways oriented specifically toward a male
demographic.
H. Does all this suggest the influence of television on sports has been overwhelmingly negative? The
answer will almost certainly depend on who among the various stakeholders is asked. For all those who
have lost out - lower-league teams, athletes whose sports lack a certain visual appeal - there are numerous
others who have benefitted enormously from the partnership between television and sports, and whose
livelihoods now depend on it.

Task 1: The Reading Passage has eight paragraphs A-G. Choose the correct heading for each
paragraph from the list of headings below. Write your answers (i-x) in the space provided.
List of Headings
i. Gender bias in televised sport
ii. More money-making opportunities
iii. Mixed views on TV’s role in sports
iv. Tickets to top matches too expensive
v. A common misperception
vi. Personal stories become the focus
vii. Sports people become stars
viii. Rules changed to please viewers
ix. Lower-level teams lose out
x. Skill levels improve
xi. TV appeal influences sports’ success
Example:
0. Paragraph A v.
1. Paragraph B 3. Paragraph D 5. Paragraph F 7. Paragraph H
2. Paragraph C 4. Paragraph E 6. Paragraph G

Task 2:
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage?
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In boxes 8-10, write
YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thank about this

8. The average sports fan travelled a long way to watch matches before live television broadcasts.
9. Television has reduced the significance of an athlete’s amateur status.
10. The best athletes are now more interested in financial success rather than sporting achievement.

D. WRITING (50 points)

Part 1. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the one printed
before it. Write your answers in the space provided. (10 points)
1. Many creatures still survive and thrive in the harsh conditions of the deserts.
→Harsh ___ _________________________________________________________________.
2. She is prohibited from importing animal products for fear of spreading infectious diseases.
→Lest _______________________________________________________________________ .
3. We had to go home early from our holiday because of a strike threat from airport workers.
→ We had to cut _______________________________________________________________ .
4. The thought passed through his mind and the decision was taken a moment later.
→ The thought had no __________________________________________________________ .
5. Nowadays I consider taking up a hobby to be far less important than I used to.
→ Nowadays I don’t attach nearly ________________________________________________ .

Part 2. Rewrite each sentence using the word in brackets so that the meaning stays the same. You must
use between TWO and SIX words, including the word given.
1. When they started their trek, they had no idea how bad the weather would become. (OUTSET)
→ Nobody realized _______________________________ how bad the weather would become.
2. The footballer injured his knee, so that was the end of his hopes of a first team place. (PAID)
→ The footballer’s knee _______________________________ his hopes of a first team place.
3. I inherited this clock from my father and it belonged to his grandfather before that. (DOWN)
→ This clock ______________________________ grandfather to my father and, in turn, to me.
4. It has been difficult for the children to accept their parents’ separation. (COME)
→ The children are finding _______________________________ with their parents’ separation.
5. If Marc hadn’t taken up politics, he might have become a famous art historian. (NAME)
→ If Marc hadn’t taken up politics, he might have _______________ himself as an art historian.

Part 3. Essay writing. (30 points)

Write a paragraph about 150 - 200 words to express your opinion on the following topic:
Nowadays many people choose to be self-employed, rather than to work for a company or
organization. Why might this be the cause? What could be the disadvantages of being self-employed?

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