Adjectives: Def. A Word Naming An Attribute of A Noun, Such As Sweet, Red, or Technical. It Expresses Quality

Adjectives
Def. a word naming an attribute of a

noun, such as sweet, red, or technical.
It expresses quality
1. Short Adjectives (with one or two syllables)
Big, Hot, Happy, Easy, Ugly, Small, Old, Cold. add
er and for comparison est for superlative Eg: Hot
Hotter Hottest
• 2. Long Adjectives- they have three (3) or more
than three syllables (add the word more for
comparative and most for superlative)
• Egs:
• a) Beautiful
• ------ More/less beautiful (than)
• the Most/least beautiful
• b) Expensive
• More/less Expensive (than)
• The Most/least Expensive
• c) Aggressive----
• More/less Aggressive than ----
• The Most/least Expensive
• 3. Irregular adjectives
• The form takes different words
• Good --- Better ----- Best
• Little ------- Less ------ Least
• THE USE OF ADJECTIVES
• Comparing two things / people who are equal.
We use:
• As + Adjective + as
• Eg: He is as handsome as his father.
• We can also use: LIKE
• He is handsome like hisfather.
• Exercises
• Complete the blank space with the correct
form of adjective or missing letters
• 1. Your schoolis smaller ours.
• 2. A bmw is expensive than a toyota.
• 3. Beira is big than Quelimane city.
• 4. In winter, nights are than days.
(long)
• 5. A lion is _ than an elephant.
(dangerous)
PAST
SIMPLE
• We use the past simple to:
• a) Talk about repeated actions in the past
• Eg: I brushed my teeth three times a day.
• b) Talk about permanent actions in the past
• Eg: I lived in Portugal for ten years.
• c) Talk about time tables in the past
• Eg: The plane arrived at 8Pmyesterday
• Words frequently used in the past simple are :
• - yesterday- I went to church yesterday.
• -Last night
• -last week
• -last month
• -Last year
• -two days ago
• -in 1990
Exercises
• Change the following statements into negatives and
questions
• 1. He bought a new car.
• Negative:
• Question:
• 2. They played football yesterday.
• Negative:
• Question:
• 3. He went to the supermarket.
• Negative:
• Question:
• 4. He ate all the mangoes.
• Negative:
VERBS
• There are two types of verbs namely:Regular
and Irregular verbs.
• REGULAR VERBS-they end in ED (for past
tense)
• Jump --------- Jumped
• Laugh --------- Laughed
•Cook ----------- Cooked Play-
IRRREGULAR
VERBS
• These verbs normally end with adifferent
ending.
• Example─ Eat ----------- Ate
• Go ----------- Went
• Run -----------Ran
SHOULD –Unit 13
• Should is normally used to ask for and give
advice.
I should see the doctor. You should see the

doctor.
He should see the doctor.
She should see the doctor.
We should see the doctor.
They should see the doctor.
NEGATIVE
I shouldn’
t see the doctor.
You shouldnt see the doctor.
He shouldn’t see the doctor.
She shouldn’ t see the doctor.
We shouldn’ t see the doctor.
They shouldn’ t see the doctor.
QUESTIONS
Structure: Should + Personal Pronoun ( subj ) +
.
Eg. Should I see the
doctor?
Structure: Do you think + Personal Pronoun ( Subj )

+ _
Do you think I should see the doctor? Short Answer;
Yes, you should.

• NB: It also used:
• a) To express what someone thinks is the right thing
to do.
• Eg: I should brush my teeth everyday.
• Eg: You should take a shower before you go to
school.
• b) To find out what one thinks about something.
• Belarmina weighs 120 kgs. Do you think she should
do exercises?
Exercises
• Give advice to the following people.
• 1. Dube drives too fast.
• 2. He likes drinking cold water everytime.
• 3. The nurses are on strike.
• 4. The electric cables are too low.
HAVE TO –Unit 14
• We use Have to / Has to express obligations. (
strong obligations.
• This applies mostly to rules, laws or something
that might affect you.
• STATEMENTS
• Eg. I have to work hard to pass the exams.
• All people have to obey the laws of the
• country.
• NEGATIVE
• He/She doesn’ t have to drive very fast.
• I/We/You/They don’ t have to drive very fast.
• QUESTIONS
• Do (I /We/YOU/They) have to work hard?
• Does ( He/ She ) have to work hard?
• SHORT ANSWERS
• - Yes, you do.
• -Yes, she does.
• - No, you don’ t.
• - No, he doesn’ t
• NB. The past tense of Have to is Had to
• Eg. I had to get up early morning.

• EXERCISE
• Complete the sentences below with : Have to,
don’ t have to, Has to, Doesn’ t have to.
• 1. You go for driving license before you
drive.
• 2. He wake up early to catchthe
bus.
• 3. Citizens above 18 years pay
taxes.
FUTURE –Unit 15
• We can express the future in three different ways: a) going to
b. will
c. present continuous
• The most common form is WILL
• STATEMENT
• He will travel to Maputo next week
• NEGATIVE
• He will not travel to Maputo next week.
• QUESTIONS
• Will he travel to Maputo next week?
• GOINGTO
• Statement: I am going to travelto Maputo next week.
• Negative: I am not going to travel to Maputo next week.
•Questions: Are you going to travel to Maputo next week?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Statement: He is travelling to Maputo next week. Negative: I am
not travelling to Maputo next week. Question: Are you travelling
to Maputo next week?
GOING TO / WILL
The two are used to make predictions about the
future.
Eg: He will pass the exam because he is working
hard.
Going to but not Will is used to expressfuture
plans
Eg: I bought the seeds because I am going to
grow the seeds in my garden.
Will but not Going to
It is used to volunteer or express willingness eg:
I will help you to fix the computer.
FIRST CONDITIONAL –Unit 16
• First conditional is used to express a probable
action in the future
• Structure: If +sub+ Present simple,Sub +
will
+ verb stem +
• Eg: If you study hard, you willpass the exams.
• The first sentence is the IFCLAUSE
• The bolded one is the RESULT/CONSEQUENCE
• Eg: If I win a lottery, I will travel around the
world.
• eg: If it rains, the crops will not die.
• NB: It is not obligatory to start with the IF clause, you can exchange the
two.
• eg: If I get a job, I will help my brothers.
• OR
• I will help my brothers if I get a job.
• EXERCISE
• Complete the following sentences using your own ideas.

• 1. If my teacher comes, .
• 2. If I finish my homework, .
• 3. I willvisit my grandmother .
• 4. I will build a big house .
• SECONDCONDITIONAL
• We use the second conditional to express unreal situations in the future.

• Structure: If +subj + past simple, subj + would + Verb stem ( present
simple)+
SECOND CONDITIONAL –Unit 17
• We use the second conditional to express unreal situations in the

future.
• Structure: If +subj + past simple, subj + would + Verb stem (
present simple) + _ _ _
• Eg: If I lived in a big house, I would help homeless people.
• EXERCISE
• Choose the correct word or verb to complete the blank spaces.
• 1. If I _ ( go), I would ( see )Filipe Nyusi.
• 2. I would ( marry) a beautiful girl if I ( have)
money.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE –Unit 17
• You have learnt in the first session that we use
the past simple to talk about the past events.
• Now I will introduce you to PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE, a tense that we use to talk about
things that have happened recently. A day or
some few minutes ago.
• Structure: Have/ Has + Past participle
• I/You/We/They + Have + Participle
• eg: I have done my homework.
• He/She/ It + Has + Past Participle
• eg: She has taken her bag.
• WHEN TO USE THE PRESENT PERFECT
• 1. To talk about activities or situations that happened ( or
did not happened ) before now.
• eg: He has gone to church.
• 2. To talk about activities that were repeated many times in the
past of which the exact number of times is not specified.
• eg: I have talked to him several times.
• 3. To talk about experiences we have had in our lives.
• eg: I have seen a ghost.
• 4. If the present perfect is used with SINCE and FOR, it
expresses an event that began in the past and continues in the
present.
• Eg: She has lived in Beira for four years.
• The words Since, for, ever, never are used in the present
perfect.
• STATEMENTS
• Eg: She has done her homework.
• NEGATIVE
• Eg: She hasn’t done her homework.
• QUESTIONS
• Eg: Has she done her homework?
• Have you ever been to Maputo?
PAST PERFECT TENSE –Unit 18
• We use the past participle to about an
action/event that happened before another in
the past
• STRUCTURE: Subject + Had + Participle
• Eg: She had washed the plates whenher
mother called.
• Can you note the difference between the two
sentences?
• When I arrived home, my mother left.

• When I arrived home, my mother had left.

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Adjectives

Def. a word naming an attribute of a

I should see the doctor. You should see the

Structure: Do you think + Personal Pronoun ( Subj )

Do you think I should see the doctor? Short Answer;

Yes, you should.

• NB. The past tense of Have to is Had to

• Eg. I had to get up early morning.

• Complete the following sentences using your own ideas.

• We use the second conditional to express unreal situations in the future.

• We use the second conditional to express unreal situations in the

• When I arrived home, my mother left.

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